WO2024236253A1 - Ensemble propulsif ameliore pour aeronef hybride multi moteurs - Google Patents
Ensemble propulsif ameliore pour aeronef hybride multi moteurs Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024236253A1 WO2024236253A1 PCT/FR2024/050629 FR2024050629W WO2024236253A1 WO 2024236253 A1 WO2024236253 A1 WO 2024236253A1 FR 2024050629 W FR2024050629 W FR 2024050629W WO 2024236253 A1 WO2024236253 A1 WO 2024236253A1
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- Prior art keywords
- engine
- mode
- coupling means
- rotation
- electric machine
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
- F02C3/10—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor with another turbine driving an output shaft but not driving the compressor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/04—Helicopters
- B64C27/12—Rotor drives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/30—Aircraft characterised by electric power plants
- B64D27/33—Hybrid electric aircraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D35/00—Transmitting power from power plants to propellers or rotors; Arrangements of transmissions
- B64D35/02—Transmitting power from power plants to propellers or rotors; Arrangements of transmissions specially adapted for specific power plants
- B64D35/021—Transmitting power from power plants to propellers or rotors; Arrangements of transmissions specially adapted for specific power plants for electric power plants
- B64D35/022—Transmitting power from power plants to propellers or rotors; Arrangements of transmissions specially adapted for specific power plants for electric power plants of hybrid-electric type
- B64D35/025—Transmitting power from power plants to propellers or rotors; Arrangements of transmissions specially adapted for specific power plants for electric power plants of hybrid-electric type of parallel type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
- F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
- F02C3/107—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor with two or more rotors connected by power transmission
- F02C3/113—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor with two or more rotors connected by power transmission with variable power transmission between rotors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
- F02C6/02—Plural gas-turbine plants having a common power output
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/26—Starting; Ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/32—Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
- F05D2220/329—Application in turbines in gas turbines in helicopters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of hybrid aircraft, comprising at least two engines such as turboshafts or turboprops, for flying machines such as helicopters or twin-engine airplanes.
- the invention relates to a propulsion unit for a multi-engine hybrid aircraft, in particular a twin-engine, and a hybrid aircraft comprising such a propulsion unit.
- a turbomachine for example a turboshaft engine, in particular for a helicopter, comprises a gas turbine having a gas generator and a free turbine driven in rotation by the gas flow generated by the gas generator.
- the free turbine is completely independent of the gas generator, comprising one or two compressors (high and low pressure) and one or two turbines (high and low pressure).
- the shaft of the free turbine and the shaft of the gas generator (carrying the compressor(s) and the turbine(s)) are not connected.
- the free turbine is therefore distinct from the turbine(s) (high and low pressure) carried by the shaft of the gas generator, which are connected to the compressor.
- the particularity of a free-turbine turboprop engine lies in the separation of the “engine” (gas generator) and “power turbine” (or free turbine) elements.
- the gas generator comprises at least one compressor and one turbine coupled in rotation.
- the operating principle is as follows: the fresh air entering the gas turbine is compressed by the rotation of the compressor before being sent to a combustion chamber where it is mixed with a fuel. The burnt gases from the combustion are then evacuated at high speed. A first expansion then occurs in the gas generator turbine, during which the latter extracts the energy necessary to drive the compressor. The gas generator turbine does not absorb all the kinetic energy of the burnt gases and the excess kinetic energy corresponds to the gas flow generated by the gas generator. The latter therefore supplies kinetic energy to the free turbine so that a second expansion occurs in the free turbine which transforms this kinetic energy into mechanical energy in order to drive a receiving organ, such as the rotor of the helicopter.
- Some aircraft have two or more turbomachines, each comprising a gas turbine as described above. This is the case in particular for twin-engine or multi-engine helicopters.
- Such aircraft allow operation in SEO mode (for "Single Engine Operative" in English).
- SEO mode is an operating mode of a twin-engine architecture in which one of the gas turbines is voluntarily put on standby, combustion chamber off or on, the other ensuring the entire power supply. This mode makes it possible to optimize the specific consumption, which decreases with the power supplied by a turbomachine. Indeed, the specific consumption of a turbine decreasing with the power supplied, it is indeed preferable to provide 100% of the power with one turbine, rather than 50% by each of them.
- One of the essential points of the SEO mode lies in the ability to reactivate the turbine put on standby in the event of a loss of power of the turbine in operation.
- the turbine put on standby mode or “super idle”
- the generator is then kept within its "ignition window” (typically 10-30% of the speed of nominal rotation of the gas generator) in order to allow immediate ignition of the combustion chamber, either in "super-idle” mode by means of combustion at a low speed threshold and assisted by means of a mechanical power supply via an electric machine, in order to benefit from a combustion chamber already lit but with a controlled internal temperature.
- Twin-engine applications involve many functions, such as starting or reactivating the gas generator in flight, generating electricity on board, or providing mechanical power to the main rotor.
- Existing solutions for performing some of these functions are not fully optimized. In particular, they do not maximize the number of functions that can be performed while limiting the impact of the electrical draw on the engine, nor the number of parts that these architectures comprise, and therefore the mass. There is therefore a need for a twin-engine or multi-engine aircraft propulsion unit having an architecture that meets at least part of the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the present disclosure relates to a propulsion unit for a hybrid aircraft, in particular a multi-engine helicopter, comprising:
- the first and second engines each comprising a first electrical machine capable of being coupled to the gas generator only, and a second electrical machine capable of being coupled to the gas generator via a first coupling means when it rotates in a first direction of rotation, and of being coupled to a shaft of the free turbine via a second coupling means when it rotates in a second direction of rotation opposite to the first direction of rotation, the first electrical machine being capable of operating selectively in a motor mode or in a generator mode, and the second electrical machine being capable of operating in the motor mode when rotating in the first direction of rotation, and of operating selectively in the motor mode or the generator mode when rotating in the second direction of rotation.
- each of the first and second motors is equipped with a first electric machine and a second electric machine, preferably symmetrically.
- the first and second electrical machines are reversible, so as to be able to operate selectively in the motor mode or in the generator mode.
- the first electrical machine can operate in the motor mode so as to drive the gas generator by providing a motor torque to the latter, or in the generator mode by being driven by said gas generator, the current thus generated being able to be transferred to the second electrical machine or to a battery to recharge the latter.
- the second electric machine can operate in the engine mode so as to drive the gas generator when it rotates in the first direction of rotation, or the main rotor when it rotates in the second direction of rotation.
- the second electric machine can further operate in the generator mode when it rotates in the second direction of rotation, being driven by the free turbine, the current thus generated being able to be transferred to the first electric machine of the first and/or second engine, or to a battery to recharge the latter.
- the first electric machine is capable of operating in two operating quadrants, namely in the motor mode or in the generator mode while rotating in a single direction of rotation
- the second electric machine is capable of operating in three operating quadrants, namely in the motor mode while rotating in a first direction of rotation, and in the generator mode while rotating in a second direction of rotation. engine or in generator mode by rotating in the second direction of rotation.
- This use of electrical machines offers a wide range of operation and has the advantage of being simple by limiting the number of components and connections, while ensuring a good level of redundancy, by performing bidirectional internal hybridization, each electrical machine being able to generate and transfer electrical power to the other electrical machine, and by making it possible to perform a high number of functions, in particular during operation in SEO mode or during rapid reactivation, the first and second electrical machines both being able to operate as generators, and thus improving the reliability of the device.
- the first coupling means and the second coupling means are deactivatable coupling means.
- deactivatable coupling means that the coupling means can be in an activated position in which the members connected to said coupling means are coupled, or in a deactivated position in which said members are decoupled, it being understood that by “member” is meant the electrical machines, the main rotor and the gas generator.
- the first and second deactivatable coupling means comprise a freewheel.
- the freewheel has the advantage of not requiring electronic or mechanical control by an external operator.
- a freewheel generally consists of a hub and a peripheral crown rotatably mounted on the hub.
- the hub can rotate the peripheral crown but not vice versa.
- the hub can only drive the crown when the hub rotates in a predetermined direction, which will be called the "engagement direction”. Otherwise, the hub and the peripheral crown rotate freely relative to each other.
- the deactivatable coupling means are activated when the hub of the freewheel drives the peripheral crown in rotation, and, conversely, the deactivatable coupling means are deactivated when the hub of the freewheel does not drive the peripheral crown in rotation.
- the main rotor is coupled to the free turbine of the first engine and the second engine via a first and a second main coupling means respectively. Furthermore, the free turbine of each of the first and the second engine may be in direct engagement with the main rotor, or via a mechanical reduction gear.
- first and second coupling means of the first motor are the only coupling means upstream of the first main coupling means, and the first and second coupling means of the second motor are the only coupling means upstream of the second main coupling means.
- each of the first and second motors comprises only two coupling means, for example two freewheels. Minimizing the number of coupling means that each motor comprises makes it possible to simplify the architecture of the assembly, to limit its mass and costs, and to minimize potential failures that may occur on these coupling means, for example an undesired blocking of the latter.
- the second coupling means of the first and second motors comprises a locking means movable between a free position in which the free turbine cannot drive the second electric machine in rotation, and a locking position in which the free turbine is able to drive the second electric machine in rotation.
- the locking means is a means for forcing the coupling between the second electrical machine and the shaft of the free turbine.
- the coupling means comprises a freewheel and a locking means
- the freewheel is called a “biocable freewheel”, such that in the locking position, the hub of the freewheel can rotate the peripheral ring of the biocable freewheel.
- the free turbine is capable of rotating the second electrical machine, which can then operate in generator mode.
- the gas generator of the other of the first or second motors is maintained in a standby mode, via the first or second electrical machine.
- the second engine When the aircraft is operating in SEO mode, the second engine, for example, provides the entire power supply, while the first engine is voluntarily stopped, or preferably put into standby mode, in order to optimize the specific consumption.
- the standby mode makes it possible to maintain the gas generator of the first engine in a range of 5 to 40%, preferably 5 to 30% of its nominal rotation speed, in order to allow rapid relighting if necessary, in particular when the second engine loses power.
- the second electric machine of the other of the first or second engine when the gas generator of one of the first or second engine is maintained in the standby mode via the first electric machine, the second electric machine of the other of the first or second engine is configured to operate in the generator mode by rotating in the second direction of rotation, and to transmit the generated electric current to the first electric machine maintaining said first or second engine in the standby mode.
- the shaft of the free turbine advantageously drives the second electric machine in rotation, operating as an electric generator, such that the kinetic energy intended to be transformed into electrical energy is advantageously taken from the free turbine shaft (itself driving the main rotor), and not from the gas generator.
- This makes it possible to supply electricity to the first electrical machine to assist it, and thus allow redundancy, while limiting the impact on the engine's efficiency.
- the turboshaft engine according to the invention advantageously makes it possible to supply electricity without penalizing its efficiency too much.
- the second electrical machine operating in the generator mode is configured to also transmit the electrical current generated to the first electrical machine from that of the first or second motor driving the main rotor alone.
- the electric current generated by the second electric machine can also, as a replacement or in addition, be transmitted to the first electric machine of the motor driving the main rotor alone, to assist the latter.
- the first electrical machine is coupled to the gas generator only, via a breakaway section.
- the assembly includes a control unit configured to drive the first and second electric machines by selecting the engine mode to drive the gas generator and/or the main rotor, or the generator mode to transfer the electric current generated by one of the first or second electric machines to the other of the first or second electric machines.
- control unit is configured to, after detecting a loss of power of one of the first or second motor driving the main rotor alone, control the first and second electric machines of the other of the first or second motor operating in a standby mode, so that they operate in the motor mode, the second electric machine rotating in the first direction of rotation. rotation, so as to rotate the gas generator of said first or second engine operating in standby mode.
- the control unit thus makes it possible to ensure redundancy by adapting the control of the different electrical machines according to the flight conditions. For example, when rapid reactivation is necessary following a loss of power of one of the two engines, the control unit controls the first and second electrical machines of the other of the two engines so that they both operate in engine mode, in order to accelerate the reactivation of the gas generator which was in standby mode.
- the present disclosure also relates to a hybrid aircraft comprising a propulsion unit according to any one of the preceding embodiments, the hybrid aircraft being a multi-engine helicopter, in particular a twin-engine helicopter.
- hybrid aircraft means an aircraft comprising a heat engine for driving a main rotor in rotation, and at least one electrical machine for providing power to the heat engine.
- Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a propulsion unit for a twin-engine aircraft according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows a functional diagram of the propulsion assembly of Figure 1
- Figure 3 shows the functional diagram of the propulsion unit of Figure 2 according to a first mode of operation
- Figure 4 shows the functional diagram of the propulsion unit of Figure 2 according to a second mode of operation. Description of the embodiments
- Figure 1 schematically represents a propulsion unit 100 of a twin-engine aircraft, comprising a first engine, in this example a first turbomachine 1 and a second engine, in this example a second turbomachine 2, rotating transmission members 60 of a helicopter carrying a propeller or a main rotor 62.
- the turbomachines can be turboshafts or turboprops.
- the propulsion unit described in the remainder of the description comprises two turbomachines, this example is not limiting, the invention also applying to propulsion units of multi-engine aircraft comprising more than two engines.
- the first turbomachine 1 and the second turbomachine 2 are preferably identical and have the same characteristics. Also, the description below refers to both the first and second turbomachine 1, 2.
- the first turbomachine 1 and the second turbomachine 2 respectively comprise a gas turbine 10, 20 having a gas generator 12, 22 and a free turbine 11, 21 capable of being driven in rotation by a gas flow generated by the gas generator 12, 22.
- the free turbine 11, 21 is mounted on a shaft 13, 23 which transmits the rotational movement to a receiving member such as a main rotor 62 of the helicopter via the transmission members 60.
- the gas turbine 10, 20 shown in FIG. 1 is of the type with a front power take-off with return by coaxial shaft.
- a gas turbine with a free turbine of the type with a front power take-off with return by an internal or external shaft or a turbomachine with a free turbine of the type with a rear power take-off.
- the free turbine can be in direct contact with the main rotor 62 or integrate a speed reducer without calling into question the principle of the invention.
- the gas generator 12, 22 comprises a rotating shaft 14, 24 on which are mounted a compressor 15, 25 and a turbine 16, 26, as well as a combustion chamber 17, U arranged axially between the compressor 15, 25 and the turbine 16, 26 when the gas generator 12, 22 is considered in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 14, 24.
- the gas turbine 10, 20 has a casing 18, 28 provided with an air inlet 19, 29 through which the fresh air enters the gas generator 12, 22. After its admission into the enclosure of the gas generator 12, 22, the fresh air is compressed by the compressor 15, 25 which delivers it towards the inlet of the combustion chamber 17, I in which it is mixed with fuel.
- the combustion which takes place in the combustion chamber 17, ZI causes the burnt gases to be evacuated at high speed towards the turbine 16, 26, which has the effect of driving the shaft 14, 24 of the gas generator 12, 22 and, consequently, the compressor 16, 26 into rotation.
- the speed of rotation of the shaft 14, 24 of the gas generator 12, 22 is determined by the flow rate of fuel entering the combustion chamber 17, 27.
- the propulsion unit 100 being of the free turbine type, it will therefore be understood that the generator shaft 14, 24 is independent of the turbine shaft 13, 23.
- the free turbine 11, 21 and the turbine shaft 13, 23 are completely independent of the generator shaft 14, 24 and the compressor 15, 25, unlike the turbine 16, 26 which is linked to the compressor 15, 25.
- the gas flow exiting the gas generator has significant kinetic energy.
- the gas flow F is directed towards the free turbine 11, 21 which has the effect of causing an expansion in the free turbine 11, 21 leading to the rotation of the turbine wheel and the shaft 13, 23.
- the main rotor 62 is coupled, via the transmission members 60, to the shaft 13 of the free turbine 11 of the first gas turbine 10 by means of a first main coupling means 51.
- the main rotor 62 is also coupled, via the transmission members 60, to the shaft 23 of the free turbine 21 of the second gas turbine 20 by means of a second main coupling means 52.
- the first and second main coupling means 51, 52 comprise a freewheel mounted such that rotation of the shaft 13, 23 can rotate the main rotor 62, but that, on the contrary, rotation of the main rotor 62 cannot rotate the shaft 13, 23 of the free turbine 11, 21.
- the freewheel of the first and second main coupling means 51, 52 can only transfer a rotational torque in the direction of the free turbine 11, 21 to the main rotor 62, but not vice versa.
- this freewheel is commonly called an "engine freewheel” or "power freewheel”.
- a freewheel for the main coupling means 51, 52 is not limiting, the freewheel being able to be replaced by any dog clutch or clutch system.
- the turbomachines 1, 2 each further comprise a first electric machine 30, 40 comprising an electric motor capable of operating reversibly in engine mode or in electric generator mode.
- the first electric machine 30, 40 is mechanically coupled to the shaft 14, 24 of the gas generator 12, 22 only, preferably via a breakable section, or frangible section shaft 91, 92, making it possible to irreversibly release the electric machine 30, 40 in the event of the latter becoming blocked.
- the breakable section 91, 92 is configured to allow a disconnection of the first electrical machine 30, 40 with the generator shaft 14, 24 in the event of blockage of the gas generator 12, 22 for example during an accidental shutdown or a breakdown thereof.
- the turbomachines 1, 2 also each comprise a second electric machine 32, 42 also comprising an electric motor capable of operating reversibly in engine mode or in electric generator mode.
- the second electric machine 32, 42 is mechanically coupled to the shaft 14, 24 of the gas generator 12, 22 via a first deactivatable coupling means 34, 44, comprising a freewheel (hereinafter referred to as freewheel 34, 44).
- the freewheel 34, 44 is mounted such that the rotation of the second electric machine 32, 42, operating in motor mode, can drive the gas generator 12, 22 in rotation, but that on the contrary, the rotation of the gas generator 12, 22 cannot drive the second electric machine 32, 42. In other words, the freewheel 34, 44 can only transfer a rotational torque in the direction of the second electric machine 32, 42 to the gas generator 12, 22.
- the second electric machine 32, 42 is further mechanically coupled to the shaft 13, 23 of the free turbine 11, 21 via a second deactivatable coupling means 36, 46, comprising a freewheel (hereinafter referred to as freewheel 36, 46).
- the freewheel 36, 46 is mounted such that the rotation of the second electric machine 32, 42, then operating in motor mode, can drive the free turbine 11, 21, but that on the contrary, the rotation of the free turbine 11, 21 cannot drive the second electric machine 32, 42 in rotation, except when the freewheel 36, 46 is blocked according to the configuration described below.
- the unblocked freewheel 36, 46 can only transfer a rotational torque in the direction of the second electric machine 32, 42 to the free turbine 11, 21.
- the second electrical machine 32, 42 is able to rotate in a first direction of rotation in which it is mechanically coupled to the shaft 14, 24 of the gas generator 12, and in a second direction of rotation, opposite to the first direction of rotation, in which it is mechanically coupled to the shaft 13, 23 of the free turbine 11, 21, and can thus drive the main rotor 62 via the shaft 13, 23 of the free turbine 11, 21.
- the freewheel 36, 46 is of the biocable type.
- the second coupling means also comprises a locking means 38, 48.
- the locking means 38, 48 is movable between a free position in which the free turbine 11, 21 cannot rotate the second electric machine 32, 42 given the orientation of the freewheel 36, 46 (configuration shown in FIG. 2), and a locking position making it possible to lock the freewheel 36, 46 and thus force the coupling between the free turbine 11, 21 and the second electric machine 32, 42 (configuration shown in FIG. 3 for the locking means 48).
- the second coupling means acts as a shaft such that the free turbine 11, 21 is capable of rotating the second electric machine 32, 42, despite the presence of the freewheel 36, 46.
- the second electric machine 32, 42 can thus operate in electric generator mode by drawing power from the shaft 13, 23 of the free turbine 11, 21.
- the change in position of the locking means 46 can be carried out by an electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic component and controlled by a user or a control unit.
- the assembly according to the invention also comprises a current storage means, for example a battery 70 or “battery pack”, and a control unit 80.
- the battery 70 is capable of storing the current generated by the various electrical machines when they operate in generator mode, and of providing the current required by these electrical machines when they operate in motor mode. It will be noted that, although the electrical connection existing between the battery 70 and the electrical machines is not shown in all the figures, for the sake of clarity, this connection does indeed exist permanently.
- the control unit 80 is typically a computer or an electronic control unit commonly referred to by the acronym ECU in English. It is capable of controlling the first electric machine 30, 40 and the second electric machine 32, 42 of each of the engines 1, 2 to operate them selectively in engine or generator mode, the battery 70 to transmit electric current from the latter to the electric machines if necessary and possibly measure its state of charge, and also the blocking means 38, 48, to switch the latter from the free position to the blocking position, and vice versa.
- the first electric machine 30, 40 is able to operate in two operating quadrants (motor mode or generator mode while being controlled by the control unit 80), and the second electric machine 32, 42 is capable of operating in three operating quadrants (engine mode on the gas generator 12, 22 rotating in the positive direction or engine mode on the main rotor 62 rotating in the negative direction, and generator mode rotating in the negative direction, the locking means 38, 48 being in the locking position).
- Figure 3 shows an operation in SEO mode (for “Single Engine Operative” in English) that is allowed by the presence of the two turbomachines 1, 2, in which only the second turbomachine 2 (in this example) is in operation, ensuring the entire supply of power to the main rotor 62, the first turbomachine 1 being voluntarily put on standby.
- the gas generator 12 When the SEO mode is engaged, the gas generator 12 is put on standby (or in assisted super-idle), that is to say that it no longer supplies motive power to the main rotor 62.
- the gas generator 12 is driven in the ignition window (in a range of 5 to 30%, for example 10% of its nominal rotation speed) by the first electric machine 30 in this example.
- the thickened lines and arrows represent the direction of transmission of the mechanical power supplied or taken by the electrical machines.
- the first electric machine 40 of the second turbomachine 2 driving only the main rotor 62 supplies electrical power to the gas generator 22 so that it operates at its nominal rotation speed, so as to drive the free turbine 21 and its shaft 23, and consequently the main rotor 62 via the transmission members 60.
- the second electric machine 42 of the second turbomachine 2 is used to draw mechanical power from the shaft 23 of the free turbine 21.
- the second electric machine 42 is controlled to operate in the generator mode (represented by a small lightning bolt in FIG. 3) by rotating in the negative direction, the blocking means 48 being controlled in the blocking position to block the freewheel 46.
- the electricity generated by the second electric machine 42 is transmitted, via electrical connections shown in broken lines in FIG. 3, to the first electric machine 40 of the second turbomachine 2, operating in engine mode, the first electric machine 40 thus injecting mechanical power into the high-pressure body of the gas generator 22.
- This internal hybridization without battery makes it possible to improve the service life of the second turbomachine 2.
- Figure 4 shows an operation in the case of rapid reactivation. Indeed, from the operation in SEO mode, it may be necessary to quickly reactivate the first turbomachine 1 in the case of an emergency situation when the second turbomachine 2 which was operating at full power to power the main rotor 62 alone, loses power, or when the power requirement at the main rotor 62 very quickly becomes greater than what a single turboshaft engine can provide.
- the first electric machine 30 and the second electric machine 32 of the first turbomachine 1 are controlled to operate in the engine mode, and provide mechanical power to the gas generator 12.
- the second electric machine 32 rotates in the positive direction. Since internal hybridization is not possible in this case, the first electric machine 30 and the second electric machine 32 are electrically powered by the battery 70.
- such a method for optimizing the reactivation of the propulsion unit 100 may comprise, in a first step, the detection, by the control unit 80, of the loss of power of the second turbomachine 2 or of a significant drop in the rotation speed of the main rotor 62.
- the high-pressure body of the gas generator 12 of the first turbomachine 1 is then maintained in the ignition speed window by the first electric machine 30, which is powered by the battery 70, until the detection of the ignition of the combustion chamber 17.
- the first electric machine 30 and the second electric machine 32 of the first turbomachine 1 are then controlled to operate in the engine mode while being electrically powered by the battery 70, to assist the gas generator 12 in order to quickly reactivate the first turbomachine 1. It will be noted that the above steps also apply to a normal reactivation of one or the other of the turbomachines 1 and 2, except in an emergency situation.
- first electric machine 30, 40 and the second electric machine 32, 42 are preferably high-power electric machines, in particular of several tens of kilowatts, making it possible to start the turbine much more quickly than with a starter with a power of the order of 10 kW.
- each of the first and second electric machines can be able to ensure the rapid reactivation of the turbomachine 1, 2 which is on standby.
- the rapid reactivation function is thus redundant and remains possible even in the event of a failure of one of the first 30, 40 or the second 32, 42 electric machines, thus ensuring a high availability rate.
- first electric machine being able to have a higher power than the second, and vice versa, without departing from the scope of the invention.
- first and second electric machines can operate sequentially or synchronously.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24729043.0A EP4713572A1 (fr) | 2023-05-17 | 2024-05-15 | Ensemble propulsif ameliore pour aeronef hybride multi moteurs |
| CN202480041599.5A CN121399357A (zh) | 2023-05-17 | 2024-05-15 | 用于多发动机混合动力飞行器的改进的推进组件 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2304928A FR3148780B1 (fr) | 2023-05-17 | 2023-05-17 | Ensemble propulsif amélioré pour aéronef hybridé multi moteurs |
| FRFR2304928 | 2023-05-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024236253A1 true WO2024236253A1 (fr) | 2024-11-21 |
Family
ID=88413260
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2024/050629 Ceased WO2024236253A1 (fr) | 2023-05-17 | 2024-05-15 | Ensemble propulsif ameliore pour aeronef hybride multi moteurs |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4713572A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN121399357A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3148780B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024236253A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20250187739A1 (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2025-06-12 | Safran Helicopter Engines | Improved propulsive assembly for a multi-engine hybrid aircraft |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3039614A1 (fr) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-03 | Airbus Helicopters | Installation motrice hybride pour aeronef a voilure tournante bimoteur |
| FR3115825A1 (fr) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-05-06 | Airbus Helicopters | Procédé de pilotage d’une installation motrice d’un giravion comprenant au moins deux turbomoteurs |
| WO2022234210A1 (fr) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-10 | Safran Helicopter Engines | Dispositif de transmission amélioré pour aéronef hybride |
-
2023
- 2023-05-17 FR FR2304928A patent/FR3148780B1/fr active Active
-
2024
- 2024-05-15 EP EP24729043.0A patent/EP4713572A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-05-15 WO PCT/FR2024/050629 patent/WO2024236253A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-05-15 CN CN202480041599.5A patent/CN121399357A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3039614A1 (fr) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-03 | Airbus Helicopters | Installation motrice hybride pour aeronef a voilure tournante bimoteur |
| FR3115825A1 (fr) * | 2020-11-04 | 2022-05-06 | Airbus Helicopters | Procédé de pilotage d’une installation motrice d’un giravion comprenant au moins deux turbomoteurs |
| WO2022234210A1 (fr) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-11-10 | Safran Helicopter Engines | Dispositif de transmission amélioré pour aéronef hybride |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20250187739A1 (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2025-06-12 | Safran Helicopter Engines | Improved propulsive assembly for a multi-engine hybrid aircraft |
| US12420943B2 (en) * | 2022-03-03 | 2025-09-23 | Safran Helicopter Engines | Propulsive assembly for a multi-engine hybrid aircraft |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3148780B1 (fr) | 2025-04-18 |
| EP4713572A1 (fr) | 2026-03-25 |
| CN121399357A (zh) | 2026-01-23 |
| FR3148780A1 (fr) | 2024-11-22 |
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