WO2024201735A1 - 検証システム、端末群、検証サーバ、検証方法、及び記録媒体 - Google Patents
検証システム、端末群、検証サーバ、検証方法、及び記録媒体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024201735A1 WO2024201735A1 PCT/JP2023/012603 JP2023012603W WO2024201735A1 WO 2024201735 A1 WO2024201735 A1 WO 2024201735A1 JP 2023012603 W JP2023012603 W JP 2023012603W WO 2024201735 A1 WO2024201735 A1 WO 2024201735A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
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- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/30—Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals
- G06F21/44—Program or device authentication
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- This disclosure relates to a verification system, a terminal group, a verification server, a verification method, and a recording medium.
- the client terminal's certificate is sent to the center server to verify the authenticity and existence of each client terminal.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method of generating an aggregate signature and aggregate public key based on the signatures and public keys of multiple client terminals, and verifying the signed message based on the aggregate signature and aggregate public key when verifying the signature, thereby reducing the network transmission load when verifying multiple client terminals.
- Patent Document 1 transmits a message to the center server with an electronic signature affixed to the characteristic values of the client terminal generated by the client terminal. This means that the confidentiality of the information on the client terminal cannot be ensured. Furthermore, since an electronic signature is a mechanism for verifying the identity of the person who made the electronic signature, if the communication path between the client terminal and the center server is intercepted, there is a possibility that the client terminal may be identified.
- the terminal group is a terminal group including a plurality of terminals, each of which is provided with a security function means for generating signature data for predetermined message data using a verification identification key, a generation means for aggregating the signature data of each of the plurality of terminals to generate aggregated signature data when selected as a representative terminal that transmits data to a verification server, and a transmission means for transmitting the aggregated signature data to the verification server when selected as a representative terminal.
- the verification server includes a verification means for verifying aggregate signature data of signature data that each of the multiple terminals has signed with a verification identification key for specific message data, based on a temporary composite public key received from a representative terminal selected from the multiple terminals.
- the recording medium stores a program that causes a computer to verify aggregate signature data of signature data that each of multiple terminals has signed with a verification identification key for specified message data, based on a temporary composite public key previously received from a representative terminal.
- One example of the effect of this disclosure is that it can provide a verification system that can verify the authenticity of a group of client terminals while ensuring the confidentiality of information related to the client terminals.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a verification system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration in which the verification system according to the first embodiment is realized by a computer device and its peripheral devices.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the verification system in the first embodiment.
- Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a verification system 10 in the first embodiment.
- the verification system 10 includes a selection device 100, a plurality of terminals 200 (200a, 200b) which are client terminals, and a verification server 300, which are connected to each other via a network.
- the communication used in the network may be wireless, wired, or any other type such as laser communication, visible light communication, or sound wave communication, or may be low-speed communication such as satellite communication.
- the verification system 10 verifies the authenticity or existence of a terminal group 200 consisting of multiple terminals by remote attestation using a verification server 300 as a verification device, eliminating the need for a certificate from a privacy certification authority.
- authenticity refers to the fact that the terminal group 200 is real, or the property of being able to ensure or prove that it is real.
- Existence refers to the property of showing that the terminal group 200 is not fictitious.
- each of the selection device 100, the terminal 200, and the validation server 300 in the first embodiment of the present disclosure is realized by a computer device 500 including a processor.
- the selection device 100, the terminal 200, and the validation server 300 each include a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 501, memories such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) 502 and a RAM (Random Access Memory) 503, a storage device 505 such as a hard disk for storing a program 504, a communication I/F (Interface) 508 for network connection, and an input/output interface 511 for inputting and outputting data.
- the selection device 100, the terminal 200, and the validation server 300 are connected to each component via a bus 512.
- the CPU 501 operates the OS to control the selection device 100, the terminal 200, and the validation server 300 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the CPU 501 also reads programs and data from a recording medium 506 mounted in, for example, a drive device 507 into memory.
- the CPU 501 functions as each component of the selection device 100, the terminal 200, and the validation server 300 according to the first embodiment, or as a part of these components, and executes the processing or commands in the flowchart shown in FIG. 3, which will be described later, based on the program.
- the recording medium 506 is, for example, an optical disk, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk, an external hard disk, or a semiconductor memory.
- a recording medium that is part of the storage device is a non-volatile storage device, and the program is recorded therein.
- the program may also be downloaded from an external computer (not shown) that is connected to a communication network.
- the input device 509 is realized, for example, by a mouse, keyboard, or built-in key buttons, and is used for input operations.
- the input device 509 is not limited to a mouse, keyboard, or built-in key buttons, and may be, for example, a touch panel.
- the output device 510 is realized, for example, by a display, and is used to check the output.
- the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is realized by the computer hardware shown in FIG. 2.
- the means for realizing each part of the selection device 100, terminal 200, and verification server 300 in FIG. 1 are not limited to the configurations described above.
- each of the selection device 100, terminal 200, and verification server 300 may be realized by a single physically combined device, or may be realized by two or more physically separate devices connected by wire or wirelessly.
- the input device 509 and output device 510 may be connected to the computer device 500 via a network.
- the selection device 100 randomly selects a representative terminal from among the multiple terminals 200 to transmit data to the validation server 300.
- the selection device 100 holds information on the multiple terminals 200 to be validated.
- the selection device 100 selects a representative terminal by a consensus algorithm such as RAFT or Paxos. However, the selection method is not limited to these as long as any terminal 200 is selected randomly from among the multiple terminals 200.
- the selection device 100 selects a representative terminal, it notifies the selected representative terminal.
- the selection device 100 is configured independent of the multiple terminals 200 and the validation server 300, but the function of the selection device 100 may be held by the validation server 300.
- Each of the multiple terminals 200 includes a security function unit 201 (201a, 201b), a generation unit 202 (202a, 202b), and a transmission unit 203 (203a, 203b).
- a security function unit 201 201a, 201b
- a generation unit 202 202a, 202b
- a transmission unit 203 203a, 203b
- the number of multiple terminals 200 corresponds to the number of terminals to be verified.
- the multiple terminals 200 may be described as a terminal group 200.
- the security function unit 201 is a tamper-resistant storage area.
- the security function unit 201 is configured, for example, by a TPM (Trusted Platform Module), but is not limited to this as long as the configuration can achieve tamper resistance.
- the TPM is highly tamper-resistant because it is configured by a chip that functions independently of the OS and other hardware.
- the security function unit 201 stores an authenticity certificate such as an endorsement certificate that is embedded when the terminal is supplied or when the system is constructed.
- the security function unit 201 stores, for example, a hash value of each program executed by the terminal 200 in, for example, a PCR (Platform Configuration Register).
- the security function unit 201 also generates a verification identification key such as an AIK (Attestation Identity Key) using a random number generation circuit. Each verification identification key is paired with information on a temporary public key used for verification. Each security function unit 201 stores each of the generated verification identification keys in the storage area of the hardware cryptographic module.
- AIK Automated Generation Key
- each security function unit 201 When each security function unit 201 receives a request from the representative terminal to send signature data, it signs the message data with a verification identification key and generates signature data.
- the message data is information indicating the state of each terminal (200a, 200b), for example, a hash value stored in the PCR at the time of program execution.
- the generation unit 102 transmits the signature data to the representative terminal in response to the request from the representative terminal.
- the generation unit 202 When the generation unit 202 is selected as the representative terminal, it aggregates the signature data to generate aggregate signature data.
- the generation unit 102 generates the aggregate signature data, for example, using an elliptic curve signature algorithm.
- the generation unit 202 receives a signal indicating that it has been selected as the representative terminal, it requests each terminal (200a, 200b) to transmit signature data in which the message data has been signed with a verification identification key.
- the generation unit 202 of the representative terminal generates aggregate signature data based on each received signature data and its own signature data, for example, using a Schenois signature. If the generation unit 202 does not receive signature data even after a predetermined time has elapsed since requesting transmission of the signature data, or if the received signature data has defects, it generates aggregate signature data without including the signature data.
- the transmission unit 203 transmits the aggregate signature data to the verification server 300 and requests verification of the authenticity of the terminal group 200.
- the validation server 300 includes a validation information storage unit 301 , a receiving unit 302 , a validation unit 303 , and an output unit 304 .
- the verification information storage unit 301 stores the temporary composite public key of the terminal group 200.
- the temporary composite public key is generated by combining the temporary public keys of the multiple terminals 200, and includes, for example, the total value of the AIKs of each terminal (200a, 200b).
- the temporary public key is a public key for which no certificate has been issued by a privacy certification authority.
- the verification information storage unit 301 receives and stores the temporary composite public key from the representative terminal via the receiving unit 302 in advance, prior to a verification request from the representative terminal.
- the receiving unit 302 receives aggregate signature data from the representative terminal and outputs it to the verifying unit 303.
- the verification unit 303 verifies the authenticity of the aggregate signature data based on the temporary composite public key. For example, if the aggregate signature data matches the information of the temporary composite public key, the verification unit 303 determines that all terminals included in the terminal group are authentic. On the other hand, if the aggregate signature data does not match the information of the temporary composite public key, the verification unit 303 determines that the terminal group includes an inauthentic terminal. However, in this case, the verification unit 303 is not able to identify the inauthentic terminal. For example, an elliptic curve signature algorithm can be used as a verification method. The verification unit 303 outputs the authenticity determination result to the output unit 304.
- the output unit 304 outputs the result of the authenticity of the terminal group 200.
- the output unit 304 outputs the result of the authenticity to an output device 510 such as a display device. Furthermore, if the output unit 304 receives a determination result that the terminal group 200 is not authentic, it may notify the user with a lamp or buzzer.
- the security function unit 201 in each terminal generates a verification identification key (pk1, pk2...pki) using the AIK.
- Each terminal transmits the signature data (Ri,si) to the representative terminal.
- G is the reference point on the elliptic curve and is represented by G(x,y).
- m is the message data.
- the transmission unit 203 of the representative terminal transmits the aggregate signature data (R, s) to the verification server 300.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an overview of the operation of the verification system 10 in the first embodiment. Note that the processing according to this flowchart may be executed based on program control by the processor described above.
- the selection device 100 randomly selects a representative terminal from among the multiple terminals (200a, 200b) that will transmit data to the verification server 300 (step S101) and notifies the selected representative terminal (step S102).
- the representative terminal transmits a request for signature data to the multiple terminals (200a, 200b) (step S103).
- the security function unit 201 in each terminal (200a, 200b) generates signature data using a verification identification key for the specified message data (step S104).
- the transmission unit 103 transmits the signature data to the representative terminal (step S105).
- the generation unit 202 of the representative terminal aggregates the signature data of each of the multiple terminals (200a, 200b) to generate aggregated signature data (step S106).
- the transmission unit 203 of the representative terminal transmits the aggregated signature data to the verification server 300 (step S107).
- the verification unit 303 of the verification server 300 verifies the aggregate signature data based on the temporary composite public key previously received from the representative terminal (step S108).
- the output unit 304 outputs the verification result (step S109). With this, the verification system 10 ends the verification operation.
- the verification unit 303 of the verification server 300 verifies the aggregate signature data based on the temporary composite public key received in advance from the representative terminal. In this case, even if the information of the temporary composite public key is stolen when the temporary composite public key is sent from the representative terminal to the verification server 300, an eavesdropper cannot grasp the information of each terminal (200a, 200b). Therefore, according to the verification system 10, it is possible to verify the authenticity of a group of client terminals while maintaining the confidentiality of the information of the client terminals.
- the verification system 10 may also verify the existence of each terminal (200a, 200b).
- the AIK and the endorsement key of each terminal (200a, 200b) are stored in the storage device 505 of the verification server 300 in a linked manner. If the AIK is linked to an endorsement certificate, the verification server 300 registers the AIK in the storage device 505.
- the endorsement certificate is generated in, for example, an electronic certificate format based on X.509, and is signed by the TPM manufacturer.
- the endorsement certificate includes a serial number, so that the terminal can be identified.
- the verification unit 303 verifies that each terminal is authentic, it further verifies whether the AIK of each terminal is linked to the endorsement certificate, and performs verification of the existence of each terminal. That is, the verification unit 303 determines that a terminal whose AIK is linked to an endorsement certificate exists, and determines that a terminal whose AIK is not linked to an endorsement certificate does not exist.
- the representative terminal When the representative terminal requests the verification server 300 to verify the terminal group 200, it receives the AIKs held by each terminal (200a, 200b) as the verification identification keys, calculates the sum of the AIKs, and transmits the sum of the AIKs to the verification server 300.
- the verification unit 303 compares the sum of the AIKs received via the representative terminal with the expected sum of the AIKs to determine which terminal's AIK combination it is.
- the expected sum of the AIKs is a value that includes the sum of the AIKs of all terminals included in the terminal group 200. If the sum of the AIKs matches the expected sum of the AIKs, the verification unit 303 determines that all terminals included in the terminal group 200 are authentic.
- the verification unit 303 further verifies whether each of the AIKs of each terminal is linked to an endorsement certificate, and performs verification of the existence of each terminal.
- the verification unit 303 compares the total value of the AIK with the expected value of the total value of the AIK, and determines that the total value of the AIK is the total value of the AIKs of terminals A to D and does not include the AIK of terminal E. In this case, the verification unit 303 determines that terminals A to D are authentic, and that terminal E is not authentic. Furthermore, the verification unit 303 further verifies whether each of the AIKs of terminals A to D that have been determined to be authentic is linked to an endorsement certificate, and performs verification of the existence of each terminal. In other words, the verification unit 303 determines that the AIKs of terminals A to D are authentic if they are each linked to an endorsement certificate.
- the output unit 304 outputs the verification results of the authenticity and existence of the terminal group 200. In the above example, the output unit 304 outputs that terminals A to D are authentic and exist, but that terminal E is not authentic or existent.
- Verification system 100 Selection device 200 Terminal 201 Security function unit 202 Generation unit 203 Transmission unit 300 Verification server 301 Verification information storage unit 302 Reception unit 303 Verification unit 304 Output unit
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第一の実施形態における検証システム10の構成を示す図である。図1を参照すると、検証システム10は、選択装置100と、クライアント端末である複数の端末200(200a、200b)と、検証サーバ300を有し、それぞれがネットワークで接続されている。本実施形態において、ネットワークに用いられる通信は、無線、有線、その他レーザー通信、可視光線通信、音波通信等その種類を問わず、衛星通信等の低速な通信であってもよい。
選択装置100は、複数の端末200の中から、検証サーバ300にデータを送信する代表端末をランダムに選択する。選択装置100は、検証対象である複数の端末200の情報を保持している。選択装置100は、例えば、RAFT、Paxos等の合意形成アルゴリズムにより代表端末を選択する。ただし、複数の端末200の中からランダムに任意の端末200を選択する方法であればこれらの選択方法に限られない。選択装置100は、代表端末を選択すると、選択された代表端末に通知する。図1において、選択装置100は、複数の端末200や検証サーバ300から独立した構成であるが、選択装置100の機能は、検証サーバ300側が保持してもよい。
複数の端末200(200a、200b)のそれぞれは、セキュリティ機能部201(201a、201b)と、生成部202(202a、202b)と、送信部203(203a、203b)と、を備える。なお、図1において、複数の端末200が二つ描かれているが、複数の端末200の数は、検証対象の端末の数と対応するだけ備えられている。なお、本実施形態において、複数の端末200を端末群200と記載することもある。
図1に示すように、検証サーバ300は、検証情報記憶部301と受信部302と検証部303と出力部304を備える。
検証システム10は、端末群200の真正性を検証する際に、併せて各端末(200a、200b)の実存性を検証してもよい。この場合、検証サーバ300の記憶装置505には、各端末(200a、200b)のAIKと真贋鍵(Endorsement Key)が紐づけられて格納されている。なお、検証サーバ300は、AIKにエンドースメント証明書が紐づいていれば、記憶装置505にAIKの登録を行う。エンドースメント証明書は、例えば、X.509による電子証明書フォーマットで生成されたものであり、TPM製造メーカの署名が付与されている。また、エンドースメント証明書には、シリアル番号が含まれているので、端末を特定することができる。検証部303は、各端末の真正性があることを検証した場合、更に、各端末のAIKがそれぞれエンドースメント証明書と紐付いているか否かを検証して、各端末の実存性の検証を実行する。すなわち、検証部303は、AIKがエンドースメント証明書と紐付いている端末は、実存性があると判定し、AIKがエンドースメント証明書と紐付いていない端末は、実存性がないと判定する。
100 選択装置
200 端末
201 セキュリティ機能部
202 生成部
203 送信部
300 検証サーバ
301 検証情報記憶部
302 受信部
303 検証部
304 出力部
Claims (10)
- 複数の端末を含む端末群と、当該端末を検証するための検証サーバとを含む、検証システムであって、
前記複数の端末の中から、前記検証サーバにデータを送信する代表端末をランダムに選択する、選択装置を備え、
前記複数の端末のそれぞれは、所定のメッセージデータに対して、検証識別鍵により署名データを生成する、セキュリティ機能手段と、
前記代表端末に選択された場合に、前記複数の端末それぞれの署名データを集約して集約署名データを生成する、生成手段と、
前記代表端末に選択された場合に、前記集約署名データを前記検証サーバに送信する、送信手段と、を備え、
前記検証サーバは、予め前記代表端末から受信した一時的合成公開鍵に基づいて、前記集約署名データを検証する、検証手段、を備える、検証システム。 - 前記メッセージデータは、各端末が起動するプログラムのハッシュ値であり、前記検証手段は、前記ハッシュ値に基づき、プログラム実行時における前記端末群の真正性を検証する、請求項1に記載の検証システム。
- 前記一時的合成公開鍵は、複数の端末の検証識別鍵の合計値を含む、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の検証システム。
- 前記選択装置は、合意アルゴリズムを用いて前記代表端末を選択する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の検証システム。
- 前記生成手段は、前記集約署名データとして楕円曲線上のランダムな点R及びsからなる署名データを生成し、
前記検証手段は、一時的合成公開鍵Pに基づき、s×G=R+hash(P、R、m)×Pが成立するか否かにより、前記集約署名データを検証する、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の検証システム。 - 前記検証手段は、更に、予め保持している前記複数の端末の検証識別鍵のそれぞれが真贋鍵と紐づけられていることにより前記複数の端末のそれぞれの実存性を検証する、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の検証システム。
- 複数の端末を含む端末群であって、
前記端末のそれぞれは、所定のメッセージデータに対して、検証識別鍵により署名データを生成する、セキュリティ機能手段と、
検証サーバにデータを送信する代表端末に選択された場合に、前記複数の端末それぞれの署名データを集約して集約署名データを生成する、生成手段と、
前記代表端末に選択された場合に、前記集約署名データを前記検証サーバに送信する、送信手段と、を備える、端末群。 - 複数の端末から選ばれた代表端末から受信した一時的合成公開鍵に基づいて、前記複数の端末のそれぞれが所定のメッセージデータに対して検証識別鍵により署名した署名データの集約署名データを検証する、検証手段、を備える、検証サーバ。
- 複数の端末を検証する検証サーバが、
予め受信した一時的合成公開鍵に基づいて、前記複数の端末のそれぞれが所定のメッセージデータに対して検証識別鍵により署名した署名データの集約署名データを検証する、検証方法。 - 予め受信した一時的合成公開鍵に基づいて、複数の端末のそれぞれが所定のメッセージデータに対して検証識別鍵により署名した署名データの集約署名データを検証する、ことをコンピュータに実行させるプログラムを格納する記録媒体。
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| JP2025509355A JPWO2024201735A5 (ja) | 2023-03-28 | 検証システム、端末群、検証サーバ、検証方法、及びプログラム |
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