WO2024194299A1 - Psychoakustische kalibrierung eines audiowiedergabesystems - Google Patents
Psychoakustische kalibrierung eines audiowiedergabesystems Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024194299A1 WO2024194299A1 PCT/EP2024/057284 EP2024057284W WO2024194299A1 WO 2024194299 A1 WO2024194299 A1 WO 2024194299A1 EP 2024057284 W EP2024057284 W EP 2024057284W WO 2024194299 A1 WO2024194299 A1 WO 2024194299A1
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- masking
- test tone
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
- H04R29/001—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for loudspeakers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
- H04R2430/01—Aspects of volume control, not necessarily automatic, in sound systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the psychoacoustic calibration of an audio reproduction system, which comprises the steps of a. providing a masking noise with an input signal level L ⁇ , where ne N and a frequency range f M by a data processing device, generating the masking noise by a signal generator, transmitting the masking signal to an audio reproduction system and reproducing it thereon with an output sound level with unknown control deviation L e (fivi); b. providing a test tone with an input signal level L T and a frequency f T by the data processing device, generating the test tone by a signal generator, transmitting the test tone to the audio reproduction system and reproducing it thereon with an unknown output sound level; c.
- audio signals are of crucial importance in numerous applications. For example, in quality assurance in the automotive sector or in the area of household appliances. In the production of audio content such as films, music or games. Or in future big data models for noise synthesis, analogous to Stable Diffusion for images or ChatGPT for text.
- audio playback systems are, on the one hand, very heterogeneous in terms of the hardware used.
- settings of the audio playback system are constantly changed by the user.
- calibration of the playback is therefore necessary. Only calibration enables precise control over the sound level and frequency response of the audio playback system. This is the only way to ensure that the user of the respective playback system hears the sound in a controlled manner as intended by the provider of the sound. This applies, for example, to the collection of auditory test subjects' opinions about sounds, for example for quality management or as training data for training prediction models, for example using "machine learning".
- the second approach attempts to identify the frequency response from a database using the type designation of the audio playback system used, e.g. the headphones, and thus compensate the frequency response.
- the identification of the entire transfer function of all conceivable audio playback systems is only inadequately possible using a type designation.
- the entire audio playback system usually consists of several subsystems (sound card, amplifier, loudspeaker), which means that the properties of all subsystems must be taken into account, all of which must be correctly recorded in a database.
- this does not take into account any manufacturing-related variation in the frequency response of the parts of the playback system.
- this does not allow the playback level to be calibrated, as this can be freely set or adjusted in the sound card or amplifier, for example.
- the third approach (US 2003/0078515 A1) aims to allow the user to dynamically adjust the sound level of the playback system so that a defined external noise is perceived as being of the same volume, thus achieving a calibration of the overall playback level.
- the only known psychoacoustic method (US 8,059,833 B2) is based on the resting hearing threshold and thus on the anatomical properties of the ear with regard to its sensitivity. This has the crucial disadvantage that the resting hearing threshold must be used as an internal measurement standard.
- the resting hearing threshold generally increases sharply with increasing age. However, this increase in the resting hearing threshold is also strongly dependent on the previous individual noise exposure. Calibration based on the user's resting hearing threshold is therefore only possible with a large error, as the measurement standard fluctuates greatly.
- this method is more suitable for compensating for individual limitations of the audio playback situation than for calibrating the audio system itself.
- US 8059833 B2 discloses a reverse psychoacoustic measurement method. This method works with the user's quiet hearing threshold. However, this has the major disadvantage that there is usually always background noise whose sound level is above the quiet hearing threshold and thus distorts the measurement. In addition, the Resting hearing threshold is highly inter-individual dependent and is subject to change particularly with increasing age.
- US 2003/0055627 A1 deals with noise suppression in speech processing. However, the method only uses masking curves to determine the audibility of noise components, not to calibrate audio reproduction in general or its sound level in particular.
- EP 0 989 776 A2 deals with adjusting the sound levels of individual loudspeakers in a multi-channel system relative to one another so that the directional information of multi-channel audio is transmitted correctly.
- the audio signals of the various loudspeakers are to be measured at the listener's position using microphones, for example.
- microphones for example.
- EP 0 989 776 A2 suggests including the user's perception in the loudness adjustment of several channels. However, this subjective method is not explained in more detail.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a method with which an exact calibration of the frequency response and the playback level of any unknown audio playback system is made possible remotely using a psychoacoustic method.
- the method is intended to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular to be insensitive to typical, low background noise levels and to individual shifts in the quiet hearing threshold.
- a masking noise with an input signal level L ⁇ where ne N and a frequency range fw is first generated by a Data processing device, transmitted to an audio playback system and played back on it.
- the masking noise is output on the audio playback system with an output sound level with unknown control deviation L e (fivi).
- the output sound level generally does not correspond to the input signal level since, as already described, this is influenced by the technical properties of the audio playback system.
- Calibration in the sense of the invention is to be understood as meaning that the sound pressure level and frequency response of the audio system are calibrated.
- a data processing device in the sense of the invention is understood to be, for example, a local computer or a remote server.
- the data processing device has suitable software to provide the masking noise and the test tone and to control the audio playback device and the signal generators accordingly.
- the frequency range fw of the masking noise depends on the physical properties of the sound generation by the audio reproduction system, e.g. the driver size. In one embodiment, the frequency range fw of the masking noise is therefore limited depending on the audio reproduction system.
- the width of the frequency range fw of the masking noise can, in one embodiment, comprise, for example, a tone, a third, or several frequency groups.
- the masking noise may be, for example, a band-limited noise, a sine tone, or another noise suitable as a masking noise.
- the frequency range fw of the masking noise lies at least partially in the audible range of the frequency spectrum.
- the method is used for several masking noises, wherein the frequency ranges fw of the masking noises cover approximately the entire audible range one after the other.
- the frequency range of the masking noise can therefore lie in the range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz.
- the input signal level L ⁇ of the masking noise should be set such that the sound level generated by the audio reproduction system is between 20 and 100 dB, preferably between 30 and 90 dB, particularly preferably between 50 and 90 dB.
- test tone with an input signal level L T and a frequency fr is provided by the same data processing device, transmitted to the same audio reproduction system and reproduced thereon.
- the test tone is also output by the audio reproduction system with an unknown output sound level which generally does not correspond to the input signal level.
- the test tone can be, for example, a sine tone.
- the masking noise and the test tone are reproduced at least partially simultaneously on the audio reproduction system.
- the reproduction of the test tone can begin before the reproduction of the masking noise and/or last longer than the reproduction of the masking noise on the audio reproduction system.
- the test tone can begin, for example, 40 ms, 30 ms, 20 ms or 10 ms before the masking noise and/or be reproduced 100 ms, 200 ms or 300 ms after the masking noise.
- the audio playback system can in principle be any audio system that has a known relationship between input level and output level in the calibration range, preferably an approximately linear relationship. This includes in particular headphones and loudspeakers.
- two signal generators are connected upstream of the audio reproduction system, which can generate the masking noise and the test tone with a variable input signal level and variable frequency or variable frequency range.
- the signal generators are integrated on the data processing device that provides the masking noise and the test tone.
- the signal generators can also be integrated into a separate data processing device.
- a Data processing device located at the location of the audio playback system.
- a suitable connection can be a connection via a cable, for example via LAN, or a wireless connection, such as a WLAN or Bluetooth connection.
- a wireless connection is preferred.
- the audio playback system is preferably connected via a suitable connection to a data processing device that has signal generators that generate the masking noise and the test tone; this is preferably the data processing device that provides the test tone and the masking noise.
- the masking noise and the test tone are transmitted to the audio playback device via this connection.
- a suitable connection can be a connection via a cable, for example via LAN, or a wireless connection, such as a WLAN or Bluetooth connection.
- a wireless connection is preferred.
- This embodiment of the method according to the invention advantageously allows the data processing device that provides the test tone and the masking noise to be at a distance from the audio playback system.
- the audio playback system and the data processing device can be located at any location and are connected to one another via the Internet, for example.
- the frequency of the test tone is in the audible frequency range between 20 Hz and 20 kHz.
- the frequency of the test tone is above, within or below the frequency range fw of the masking noise, with the maximum difference between the frequency of the test tone and the frequency range of the masking noise being reached where the masking curve generated by the masking noise has dropped to the hearing threshold.
- the frequency of the test tone is above the frequency range f ⁇ of the masking noise.
- the frequency of the test tone is particularly preferably in the range of the masking curve of the masking noise in which it drops approximately linearly over the frequency.
- Test tone and masking noise are provided by a user of the
- the audio playback system whereby the user indicates via a suitable interface whether he can hear the test tone or not. If the test tone produced by the audio system If the sound level of the test tone is too low, the test tone is covered by the masking noise. Only at a certain sound level, which depends on the frequency of the test tone and the sound level of the masking noise generated by the audio system, can the test tone be perceived by the user despite the masking noise. This sound level of the test tone, at which the test tone is just perceptible despite the masking noise, is called the masking threshold.
- a suitable interface is, for example, a computer such as a PC, tablet or smartphone with suitable software or app.
- the software or app then provides an input interface through which the user can indicate whether the test tone is perceived or not.
- the interface is located on the data processing device that is used to provide the test tone and the masking noise. If the interface is not located on this data processing device, the interface is connected to the data processing device via a suitable connection.
- a suitable connection can be a connection via a cable or a wireless connection, for example via LAN, such as a WLAN or Bluetooth connection.
- the connection is particularly preferably a wireless connection. The information entered by the user in the interface is then transmitted to the data processing device that is used to provide the test tone and the masking noise.
- the input signal level of the test tone L T is adjusted until the input signal level L S T of the test tone is reached at which the test tone is just perceived by the user, wherein the input signal level L S T is the masking threshold for the test tone with the frequency fr for the masking noise with the input signal level L n M.
- Adjusting the input signal level of the test tone includes both increasing the input signal level and also lowering it in order to approach the masking threshold L S T of the test tone. Adjusting the input signal level L T is carried out by the data processing device which provides the test tone and the masking noise in response to the information from the user as to whether or not he perceives the test tone.
- the Calculation of the relative masking threshold preferably takes place on a computer, such as a PC, tablet or smartphone with appropriate software.
- the masking threshold L S T is stored on the data processing device that provides the test tone and the masking noise, and the relative masking threshold is also calculated and stored on this.
- the method steps already described are repeated for n input signal levels L n M of the masking noise in the frequency range f M , where ne N .
- the test tone with the same frequency fr is always used.
- n is between 2 and 20, preferably between 3 and 10, particularly preferably between 3 and 5.
- the course of the relative masking threshold AL n is then plotted against the input signal level L n M of the masking noise.
- the actual output sound level of the masking noise can be deduced from the change in the curve obtained in this way compared to a reference curve of a calibrated audio playback system.
- the curve obtained in this way with an unknown control deviation L e (fivi) is compared with a reference curve of a calibrated audio system without a control deviation and the unknown control deviation Le(fivi) between the input signal level and the output sound level of the masking noise is calculated from the two curves.
- the output sound level of the masking noise describes the sound level that is generated by the audio playback system when the masking noise is output.
- an equalization filter is calculated from the control deviations that are obtained when comparing the measured curve with the reference curve.
- the reference curve is provided on the data processing device that generates the test tone and the masking noise.
- the reference curve is determined using a calibrated audio playback system before the method according to the invention is applied.
- the calibrated audio playback system can be of the same type as the audio playback system used in the method according to the invention, but does not have to be.
- the calibrated audio playback system can be determined using a method from the prior art be calibrated, preferably by appropriate measuring technology (microphones) in a laboratory. Methods for this are known to those skilled in the art.
- the reference curve is particularly preferably obtained by applying the method steps a to f of the method according to the invention in the laboratory and plotting the relative masking thresholds AL n thus obtained over the input signal levels of the masking noise L ⁇ , which are identical to the sound levels of the masking noise generated by the audio playback system, for the calibrated audio playback system.
- a reference curve must be made available for each test tone with a specific frequency fr in combination with a masking noise with a frequency range fw.
- the calculated equalization filter is used when reproducing sounds by the audio playback system to enable calibrated audio playback.
- the method according to the invention is carried out for m masking noises with m different frequency ranges fw, where m e N.
- m is between 1 and 50, preferably between 1 and 24, particularly preferably between 1 and 5.
- an equalization filter can be calculated for the range of frequencies covered by the frequencies of the m masking noises.
- the equalization filter obtained in this way enables a calibrated audio reproduction of the audio reproduction system over a corresponding frequency range.
- the frequency range is based on the frequency ranges of the m masking noises.
- the frequency response of an audio reproduction device can be determined in this way.
- the invention further provides a system which is designed to run the method according to the invention.
- the system has an audio playback system, at least one computing unit, an interface for a user and two signal generators.
- the system according to the invention is set up to provide a method for the psychoacoustic calibration of an audio reproduction system, comprising the steps of a. providing a masking noise with an input signal level L 1 ⁇ , where ne N and a frequency range f M by a data processing device, generating the masking noise by a signal generator, transmitting the masking noise to an audio reproduction system and playing it back thereon with an output sound level with unknown control deviation L e (fivi); b.
- test tone with an input signal level L T and a frequency f T by the data processing device, generating the test tone by a signal generator, transmitting the test tone to the audio reproduction system and playing it back thereon with an unknown output sound level; c. indicating to a user via a suitable interface whether the test tone is perceptible or not and transmitting this information to the data processing device; d. Adjusting the input signal level of the test tone L T until the input signal level L S T of the test tone is reached at which the test tone is just perceived by the user, where the input signal level L S T is the masking threshold for the test tone with the frequency fr for the masking noise with the input signal level L n M and the frequency range fM; e. Saving the masking threshold L S T and calculating the relative
- Masking threshold AL n L n M - L S T f. Repeating steps a to e for n input signal levels L n M of the masking noise in the frequency range fM, where ne N, the test tone having the same frequency f T in each case; g. Plotting the course of the relative masking threshold AL n against the input signal level L n M of the masking noise; comparing the curve with a reference curve and calculating the control deviation L e (fM) between the input signal level and the output sound level of the masking noise from the two curves; h. Calculating an equalization filter from the control deviations; can run on it. All features described for the method according to the invention also apply to the system according to the invention and vice versa.
- Psychoacoustic methods without an external reference are advantageous for the remote calibration of audio reproduction processes, as they do not require the use of a measurement system on site or an external noise source with a precisely defined level.
- the audio reproduction system is always assumed to be calibrated, i.e. known, and the properties of the ear are assumed to be unknown.
- the properties of the audio reproduction system are assumed to be unknown and the properties of the ear are assumed to be known.
- the only known psychoacoustic calibration method is based on the resting hearing threshold and is highly error-prone due to the fluctuation of the measurement standard resulting from the individual variance of the resting hearing threshold and the unknown background noise. The method is therefore more suitable for compensating for individual limitations of the playback situation than for equalizing the audio system for controlled playback.
- Audio playback systems are based almost exclusively on electrodynamic loudspeakers.
- An essential property is their linear behavior below very high playback levels, which can be assumed to be known.
- the property of frequency selectivity i.e. masking
- This uses the property that a masking noise with a high level masks a test tone with a higher frequency but lower level.
- the level difference between the masking noise and the test tone i.e. the relative masking threshold at which the test tone is still detectable, is assumed to be linear. However, this is not true, since the relative masking threshold decreases as the sound level of the masking noise increases [1].
- the present invention can make the non-linear course of the relative masking threshold technically usable as a measurement standard in a psychoacoustic calibration process for identifying the system properties (output sound level, frequency response) of an audio playback system.
- a masking noise and a test tone with a variable sound level can be generated and thus the audio playback system can be stimulated.
- the ability of a user to detect the test tone represents the measurement standard in the form of the relative masking threshold. Since the audio playback system can be assumed to be a linear system, both the playback level of the masking noise and the test tone are unknown, but the level difference between the masking noise and the test tone remains constant, despite the change in the overall playback level due to the unknown audio playback system.
- the relative masking threshold is therefore solely dependent on the user's ability to detect the test tone.
- the mean-free curve of the relative masking threshold over the sound level of the masking noise is subject to only minor inter-individual fluctuations. Therefore, the actual reproduced output sound level of the masking noise can be determined from the deviation of the curve of the relative masking threshold of a specific user from a reference measurement that was determined in advance on a calibrated and thus equalized audio playback system.
- the relationship between the input signal level and the reproduced output sound level can finally be used to create a digital filter with which the audio playback system is subsequently equalized.
- the method according to the invention can therefore advantageously utilize ear properties that have not previously been used as measurement standards for calibration methods.
- the method according to the invention also requires no external comparison noise sources or a measuring system, in particular no microphone, for calibration.
- the method is insensitive to individual fluctuations in the hearing threshold. Since playback levels far above the hearing threshold can be used, the method is insensitive to background noise close to the hearing threshold, which is always encountered in everyday playback situations.
- Figure 1 (A) shows the input signal level of Lydes test tone over the
- Figure 2 shows a flow chart of the method according to the invention
- Figure 3 (A) shows the input signal level Ly of the test tone over the
- Figure 4 (A) to (C) shows an example of a measurement sequence.
- Figure 1 (A) shows the input signal level LT of the test tone over the frequency fr of the test tone as an example.
- the figure also shows the hearing threshold and the masking curves that are generated by the masking noises with different input signal levels LM.
- the drop in the masking curve becomes smaller as the masking level increases.
- the masking noise was a band-limited noise with a constant frequency range f M of a third octave and a center frequency of 1 kHz.
- the bars 10, 20 represent two test tones with the same frequency fr, but different input signal levels LT. In order to be able to distinguish the test tones 10, 20 better, they are shown next to each other.
- This input signal level of the test tone corresponds to the masking threshold L S T .
- the frequency range of the masking noise fM and the frequency of the test tone remains unchanged.
- the input signal level LT of the test tone is adjusted until the test tone is just perceptible for a user.
- the relative masking threshold L S T determined in this way and the sound level of the masking noise can be used to calculate the relative masking threshold. This can be done for n different input signal levels of the masking noise.
- a masking noise 204 and a test tone 101 are made available for calibration by a data processing device 400. These are generated by signal generators and reproduced by an audio playback system 40 with unknown properties. A user of the audio playback system 40 is thus presented with the masking noise and the test tone 60.
- the sound level of surrounding noises 50 can be above the hearing threshold, but advantageously below the output sound level of the test tone and the masking noise generated by the audio system, so that ambient noise has no influence on the method according to the invention.
- a user with an unknown hearing threshold now indicates via a suitable interface 80 whether the test tone is audible or not 70. If the test tone is not audible, the input signal level of the test tone is changed 100. This loop is run through until the masking threshold for the test tone is reached.
- the masking threshold is stored and the relative masking threshold is calculated 201.
- These steps are run through for different input signal levels of the masking noise 302, 203, so that the course of the relative masking threshold AL n over the input signal level L n M of the masking noise can be determined.
- This curve is compared with a reference curve 300 and a level correction for the current frequency range f M of the masking noise 310 is calculated from the deviations.
- the method is then advantageously run through for m masking noises with m different frequency ranges and m test tones with different frequencies 311, 312.
- a transfer function of the audio system can be formed from the level corrections of the m frequency ranges of the masking noises, thus an inverse filter for equalization 320 can be calculated.
- the inverse equalization filter 320 cancels the frequency response of the audio reproduction system and the audio reproduction from the audio reproduction system 40 is calibrated.
- Box 500 identifies all process steps that take place on site at the audio playback system.
- Box 400 identifies the process steps that are location-independent, i.e. can take place both at the location of the audio playback system and at a remote location.
- Figure 3 (A) shows, as an example, the input signal level Ly of the test tone over the frequency fr of the test tone.
- the masking threshold L S T (indicated in the figure with the reference symbols 1 b, 2b, 3b) is determined for all three masking noises one after the other using the method according to the invention.
- Figure 3 (B) shows an example of the course of the relative masking threshold AL n over the input signal level L n M of the masking noise and a reference curve AL fie ⁇ (1d, 2d, 3d).
- the reference curve was obtained by measuring with a calibrated audio playback system. From the deviation of the curve for AL n and the curve for AL fie ⁇ , a level correction for the frequency range f M of the masking noise can be calculated. An equalization filter can be calculated from the level corrections for several frequency ranges fM of the masking noise.
- Figure 4 (A) to (C) shows an example of a measurement sequence and is explained in more detail in Example 1.
- Figure 4 (A) shows the input signal level LT for a test tone over the frequency fr of the test tone.
- a band-limited noise was used as the masking noise and a sine tone as the test tone.
- the input signal of the masking noise was distorted by an unknown control deviation L e (fivi) when played back by the audio system and output with an output sound level that did not correspond to the input signal level.
- the input signal level of the test tone LT was varied in each case until the masking threshold was found at L S T.
- the course of the input signal level of the masking noise, shifted by the unknown control deviation L e (fivi) at fM, relative masking threshold in comparison to a reference curve is shown in Figure 4 (B).
- a control deviation L e (fM) of +10 dB of the sound level actually generated by the masking noise from the input signal level of the masking noise L n M could thus be determined.
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- Otolaryngology (AREA)
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24716643.2A EP4684536A1 (de) | 2023-03-23 | 2024-03-19 | Psychoakustische kalibrierung eines audiowiedergabesystems |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023107308.7 | 2023-03-23 | ||
| DE102023107308.7A DE102023107308B3 (de) | 2023-03-23 | 2023-03-23 | Psychoakustische Kalibrierung eines Audiowiedergabesystems |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024194299A1 true WO2024194299A1 (de) | 2024-09-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2024/057284 Ceased WO2024194299A1 (de) | 2023-03-23 | 2024-03-19 | Psychoakustische kalibrierung eines audiowiedergabesystems |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4684536A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023107308B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024194299A1 (de) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0989776A2 (de) | 1998-09-25 | 2000-03-29 | Nokia Display Products Oy | Verfahren zur Tonheitskalibrierung für Mehrkanaltonsystem und Mehrkanaltonsystem |
| US20030055627A1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2003-03-20 | Balan Radu Victor | Multi-channel speech enhancement system and method based on psychoacoustic masking effects |
| US20030078515A1 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2003-04-24 | Sound Id | System and method for remotely calibrating a system for administering interactive hearing tests |
| US8059833B2 (en) | 2004-12-28 | 2011-11-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method of compensating audio frequency response characteristics in real-time and a sound system using the same |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10687155B1 (en) | 2019-08-14 | 2020-06-16 | Mimi Hearing Technologies GmbH | Systems and methods for providing personalized audio replay on a plurality of consumer devices |
-
2023
- 2023-03-23 DE DE102023107308.7A patent/DE102023107308B3/de active Active
-
2024
- 2024-03-19 EP EP24716643.2A patent/EP4684536A1/de active Pending
- 2024-03-19 WO PCT/EP2024/057284 patent/WO2024194299A1/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0989776A2 (de) | 1998-09-25 | 2000-03-29 | Nokia Display Products Oy | Verfahren zur Tonheitskalibrierung für Mehrkanaltonsystem und Mehrkanaltonsystem |
| US20030055627A1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2003-03-20 | Balan Radu Victor | Multi-channel speech enhancement system and method based on psychoacoustic masking effects |
| US20030078515A1 (en) | 2001-10-12 | 2003-04-24 | Sound Id | System and method for remotely calibrating a system for administering interactive hearing tests |
| US8059833B2 (en) | 2004-12-28 | 2011-11-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method of compensating audio frequency response characteristics in real-time and a sound system using the same |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| PLACK CHRISTOPHER J ET AL: "Basilar-membrane nonlinearity and the growth of forward masking", THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747, vol. 103, no. 3, 1 March 1998 (1998-03-01), pages 1598 - 1608, XP012000163, ISSN: 0001-4966, DOI: 10.1121/1.421294 * |
| R. J. BAKERANDS. ROSEN: "Auditory filter nonlinearity across frequency using simultaneaus notched-noise masking", THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, vol. 119, no. 1, 2006, pages 454 - 462, XP012085100, DOI: 10.1121/1.2139100 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4684536A1 (de) | 2026-01-28 |
| DE102023107308B3 (de) | 2024-08-01 |
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