WO2024192574A1 - 电化学装置和电子装置 - Google Patents

电化学装置和电子装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024192574A1
WO2024192574A1 PCT/CN2023/082222 CN2023082222W WO2024192574A1 WO 2024192574 A1 WO2024192574 A1 WO 2024192574A1 CN 2023082222 W CN2023082222 W CN 2023082222W WO 2024192574 A1 WO2024192574 A1 WO 2024192574A1
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Prior art keywords
copper foil
negative electrode
electrochemical device
electrodeposition solution
current collector
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PCT/CN2023/082222
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡松涛
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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Priority to CN202380013792.3A priority Critical patent/CN118044009A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2023/082222 priority patent/WO2024192574A1/zh
Publication of WO2024192574A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024192574A1/zh
Priority to US19/331,581 priority patent/US20260018589A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D1/00—Electroforming
    • C25D1/04—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
    • C25D7/0642—Anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • H01M4/045—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation
    • H01M4/0452—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation from solutions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage, and in particular, to electrochemical devices and electronic devices.
  • electrochemical devices eg, lithium-ion batteries
  • electrochemical devices eg, lithium-ion batteries
  • users have put forward higher and higher requirements for the safety performance of electrochemical devices. Therefore, further improvements are urgently needed to meet people's higher and higher usage requirements.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an electrochemical device, which includes a negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is located on the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector includes a copper foil, and the (220) crystal plane peak area of the copper foil accounts for 15% to 21%.
  • the (220) crystal plane peak area of the copper foil accounts for 17% to 21%.
  • the grain diameter on the surface of the copper foil is 1.7 ⁇ m to 3.5 ⁇ m.
  • the grain diameter on the surface of the copper foil is 2.1 ⁇ m to 2.7 ⁇ m.
  • the strength of the copper foil is greater than 400 MPa.
  • the thickness of the copper foil is 8 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the copper foil is obtained by electrodeposition of an electrodeposition solution, and the electrodeposition solution includes copper sulfate, sulfuric acid, a brightener, an inhibitor, a surfactant, and chloride ions.
  • the brightener includes at least one of polydisulfide propane sulfonate sodium, acetylthiourea, or propylene thiourea.
  • the inhibitor includes at least one of gelatin or collagen.
  • the surfactant includes at least one of fatty alcohol, alkylphenol, fatty thiol, fatty amide, polyethylene glycol, or polysiloxane.
  • the electrodeposition solution satisfies at least one of the following: the copper ion concentration in the electrodeposition solution is 85g/L to 95g/L; the sulfuric acid concentration in the electrodeposition solution is 100g/L to 110g/L; the chloride ion concentration in the electrodeposition solution is 10mg/L to 80mg/L.
  • the electrodeposition solution satisfies at least one of the following: the concentration of the brightener in the electrodeposition solution is 10mg/L to 60mg/L; the concentration of the inhibitor in the electrodeposition solution is 5mg/L to 60mg/L; the concentration of the surfactant in the electrodeposition solution is 1mg/L to 10mg/L.
  • An embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, comprising the above-mentioned electrochemical device.
  • the present application uses copper foil with a (220) crystal plane peak area accounting for 15% to 21% as a negative electrode current collector, which can improve the impact pass rate of the electrochemical device, thereby improving the safety performance of the electrochemical device.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electrochemical device, which includes a negative electrode plate.
  • the negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and the negative electrode active material layer is located on the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode active material layer is located on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector includes copper foil, and the (220) crystal plane peak area of the copper foil accounts for 15% to 21%.
  • Such copper foil has high strength and high elongation, which is beneficial to improving the impact pass rate of the electrochemical device, thereby improving the safety performance of the electrochemical device.
  • the elongation rate of the negative electrode current collector of the copper foil of the present application is improved, the yield displacement is large, and the fracture behavior of the electrode assembly can be improved during the compression process of the negative electrode sheet, and the amount of debris can be reduced, thereby improving the mechanical safety performance of the electrochemical device.
  • the (220) crystal plane peak area of the copper foil accounts for 17% to 21%.
  • the elongation of the copper foil can be above 9%, and the impact pass rate of the electrochemical device can be significantly improved, thereby improving the safety performance of the electrochemical device.
  • the grain diameter on the surface of the copper foil is 1.7 ⁇ m to 3.5 ⁇ m.
  • the strength and/or elongation of the copper foil can be improved.
  • the grain diameter on the surface of the copper foil is 2.1 ⁇ m to 2.7 ⁇ m. At this time, the strength and elongation of the copper foil are significantly improved.
  • the strength of the copper foil is greater than 400 MPa.
  • High-strength copper foil can improve the structural stability of the negative electrode.
  • the thickness of the copper foil is 8 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the copper foil is too small, the structural stability of the negative electrode is affected; if the thickness of the copper foil is too large, the energy density of the electrochemical device is affected.
  • the copper foil is obtained by electroplating an electrolytic solution, that is, the copper foil may include an electrolytic copper foil.
  • the electrolytic solution used to prepare the electrolytic copper foil includes copper sulfate, sulfuric acid, Brightener, inhibitor, surfactant and chloride ion ( Cl- ).
  • copper sulfate provides copper ions and sulfuric acid provides hydrogen ions.
  • Cl- can be provided by hydrochloric acid. Cl- can form CuCl with Cu + , which accelerates the deposition rate and also increases the brightness.
  • the brightener includes at least one of sodium polydisulfide dipropane sulfonate, acetylthiourea or allylthiourea.
  • the brightener makes the growth rates of different crystal faces tend to be consistent.
  • the inhibitor includes at least one of gelatin or collagen. The inhibitor can be attached to the high points of the electroplating substrate to inhibit copper deposition at the high points.
  • the surfactant includes at least one of fatty alcohol, alkylphenol, fatty thiol, fatty amide, polyethylene glycol or polysiloxane. The surfactant can reduce the surface tension, evenly disperse the Cu 2+ ions, and show a wetting effect.
  • the concentration of copper ions in the electrodeposition solution is 85 g/L to 95 g/L.
  • the concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrodeposition solution is 100 g/L to 110 g/L.
  • the concentration of chloride ions in the electrodeposition solution is 10 mg/L to 80 mg/L.
  • the temperature of the electrodeposition solution during electrolysis is 40°C to 60°C.
  • the concentration of brightener in the electrodeposition solution is 10 mg/L to 60 mg/L.
  • the concentration of inhibitor in the electrodeposition solution is 5 mg/L to 60 mg/L.
  • the concentration of surfactant in the electrodeposition solution is 1 mg/L to 10 mg/L.
  • the negative electrode active material layer may include a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode active material layer includes at least one of graphite or a silicon-based material.
  • the silicon-based material includes at least one of silicon, a silicon-oxygen compound, a silicon-carbon compound, or a silicon alloy.
  • the negative electrode active material layer may also include a conductive agent and/or a binder.
  • the conductive agent in the negative electrode active material layer may include at least one of carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, flake graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, or carbon nanowires.
  • the binder in the negative electrode active material layer may include at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid salt, polyacrylic acid ester, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyaniline, polyimide, polyamide-imide, polysiloxane, styrene-butadiene rubber, epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyurethane resin, or polyfluorene.
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • polyacrylic acid polyacrylic acid salt
  • polyacrylic acid ester polyvinyl pyrrolidone
  • polyaniline polyimide
  • polyamide-imide polysiloxane
  • styrene-butadiene rubber epoxy resin
  • polyester resin polyurethane resin
  • polyfluorene polyfluorene
  • the mass ratio of the negative electrode active material, the conductive agent, and the binder in the negative electrode active material layer may be (80-99): (0.5-10): (0.5-10), and it should be understood that this is only exemplary and not intended to limit the present application.
  • the electrode assembly of the electrochemical device of the present application may further include a positive electrode sheet, a separator disposed between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet, and an electrolyte.
  • the positive electrode plate includes a positive current collector and a positive active material layer disposed on the positive current collector.
  • the positive active material layer may be located on at least one surface of the positive current collector.
  • the positive current collector may be aluminum foil, and of course, other positive current collectors commonly used in the art may also be used.
  • the thickness of the positive current collector may be 1 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the positive active material layer may be coated only on a partial area of the positive current collector.
  • the thickness of the positive active material layer may be 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m. It should be understood that these are exemplary only, and other suitable thicknesses may be used.
  • the positive electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material.
  • the positive electrode active material includes LiCoO2 , LiNiO2, LiMn2O4 , LiCo1- yMyO2 , LiNi1 - yMyO2 , LiMn2- yMyO4 , LiNixCoyMnzM1 - xyzO2 , wherein M is selected from at least one of Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Mg , Cu , Zn , Al, Sn, B, Ga, Cr, Sr, V, or Ti, and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1, and x+y+z ⁇ 1.
  • the positive electrode active material may include at least one of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, or lithium nickel manganese oxide, and the above positive electrode active materials may be doped and/or coated.
  • the positive electrode active material layer also includes a binder and a conductive agent.
  • the binder in the positive electrode active material layer may include polyvinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, a styrene-acrylate copolymer, a styrene-butadiene copolymer, a polyamide, a polyacrylonitrile, a polyacrylate, a polyacrylic acid, a polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, a polyvinyl ether, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene or at least one of polyhexafluoropropylene.
  • the conductive agent in the positive electrode active material layer may include at least one of conductive carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, lamellar graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes or carbon fibers.
  • the mass ratio of the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder in the positive electrode active material layer may be (70-98): (1-15): (1-15). It should be understood that the above is only an example, and the positive electrode active material layer may adopt any other suitable material, thickness and mass ratio.
  • the isolation film includes at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, or aramid.
  • the polyethylene includes at least one selected from high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.
  • Polyethylene and polypropylene which have good effects on preventing short circuits and can improve the stability of the battery through the shutdown effect.
  • the thickness of the separator is in the range of about 3 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the surface of the isolation membrane may further include a porous layer, the porous layer is disposed on at least one surface of the isolation membrane, the porous layer includes at least one of inorganic particles or a binder, the inorganic particles are selected from at least one of aluminum oxide ( Al2O3 ), silicon oxide ( SiO2 ), magnesium oxide (MgO), titanium oxide ( TiO2 ), hafnium dioxide ( HfO2 ), tin oxide ( SnO2 ), cerium dioxide ( CeO2 ) , nickel oxide (NiO), zinc oxide (ZnO), calcium oxide (CaO), zirconium oxide (ZrO2), yttrium oxide (Y2O3 ) , silicon carbide (SiC), boehmite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or barium sulfate.
  • Al2O3 aluminum oxide
  • SiO2 silicon oxide
  • MgO magnesium oxide
  • TiO2 titanium oxide
  • HfO2 hafnium dioxide
  • the pores of the isolation membrane have a diameter in the range of about 0.01 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the binder of the porous layer is selected from at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl ether, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene or polyhexafluoropropylene.
  • the porous layer on the surface of the separator can improve the heat resistance, oxidation resistance and electrolyte wetting performance of the separator, and enhance the adhesion between the separator and the pole piece.
  • the carbonate compound may be a linear carbonate compound, a cyclic carbonate compound, a fluorinated carbonate compound or a combination thereof.
  • chain carbonate compounds are diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC) and combinations thereof.
  • chain carbonate compounds are diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), methyl propyl carbonate (MPC), ethyl propyl carbonate (EPC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC) and combinations thereof.
  • Examples of cyclic carbonate compounds are ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC) or combinations thereof.
  • fluorinated carbonate compounds are fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1,2-difluoroethylene carbonate, 1,1-difluoroethylene carbonate, 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene carbonate, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene carbonate, 1-fluoro-2-methylethylene carbonate, 1-fluoro-1-methylethylene carbonate, 1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylene carbonate, 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-methylethylene carbonate, trifluoromethylethylene carbonate or a combination thereof.
  • FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
  • 1,2-difluoroethylene carbonate 1,1-difluoroethylene carbonate
  • 1,1,2-trifluoroethylene carbonate 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene carbonate
  • 1-fluoro-2-methylethylene carbonate 1-fluoro-1-methylethylene carbonate
  • 1,2-difluoro-1-methylethylene carbonate 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-methylethylene carbonate
  • trifluoromethylethylene carbonate trifluoromethylethylene
  • carboxylic acid ester compound examples include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, decanolide, valerolactone, mevalonolactone, caprolactone, methyl formate, or a combination thereof.
  • ether compound examples include dibutyl ether, tetraglyme, diglyme, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, ethoxymethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, or a combination thereof.
  • the electrode assembly of the electrochemical device is a wound electrode assembly or a stacked electrode assembly.
  • the electrochemical device is a lithium ion battery, but the present application is not limited thereto.
  • a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode are wound or stacked in sequence to form an electrode assembly, and then packaged in, for example, an aluminum-plastic film housing, injected with an electrolyte, formed, and packaged to form a lithium-ion battery. Then, the prepared lithium-ion battery is subjected to a performance test.
  • the embodiments of the present application also provide an electronic device including the above-mentioned electrochemical device.
  • the electronic device of the embodiments of the present application is not particularly limited, and it can be any electronic device known in the prior art.
  • the electronic device may include, but is not limited to, a laptop computer, a pen-input computer, a mobile computer, an e-book player, a portable phone, a portable fax machine, a portable copier, a portable printer, a head-mounted stereo headset, a video recorder, an LCD TV, a portable cleaner, a portable CD player, a mini CD, a transceiver, an electronic notepad, a calculator, Memory cards, portable recorders, radios, backup power supplies, motors, automobiles, motorcycles, power-assisted bicycles, bicycles, lighting fixtures, toys, game consoles, clocks, power tools, flashlights, cameras, large household batteries and lithium-ion capacitors, etc.
  • positive electrode sheet The positive electrode active material lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO 2 , conductive agent conductive carbon black, and binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solution at a weight ratio of 97.9:0.9:1.2 to form positive electrode slurry. A 13 ⁇ m aluminum foil is used as the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode slurry is coated on the positive electrode current collector. After drying, cold pressing, and cutting, the positive electrode sheet is obtained. The compacted density of the positive electrode sheet is 4.15g/cm 3 .
  • the thickness of the copper foil is 9 ⁇ m.
  • the electrodeposition solution of the electrodeposited copper foil includes copper sulfate, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, wherein copper sulfate provides copper ions, sulfuric acid provides hydrogen ions, and hydrochloric acid provides chloride ions.
  • the copper ion concentration in the electrodeposition solution is 91 g/L, the sulfuric acid content is 105 g/L, the chloride ion concentration is 30 mg/L, and the electrodeposition temperature is 55°C. See Table 1 for further details of the process conditions.
  • the negative electrode active material artificial graphite, the binder styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), and the thickener sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were dissolved in deionized water at a weight ratio of 97.4:1.4:1.2 to form a negative electrode slurry.
  • the above copper foil was used as the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode slurry was coated on the negative electrode current collector. After drying, cold pressing, and cutting, the negative electrode was obtained.
  • the compacted density of the negative electrode was 1.8g/ cm3 .
  • isolation membrane substrate is 5 ⁇ m thick polyethylene (PE), and a 2 ⁇ m alumina ceramic layer is coated on both sides of the isolation membrane substrate. Finally, 2.5 mg of binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is coated on both sides of the ceramic layer and dried.
  • PE polyethylene
  • PVDF binder polyvinylidene fluoride
  • Preparation of lithium-ion batteries stack the positive electrode sheet, separator, and negative electrode sheet in order, so that the separator is between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to play an isolating role, and then wind them to obtain an electrode group.
  • the electrode assembly is placed in an outer packaging aluminum-plastic film, and after dehydration at 80°C, the above electrolyte is injected and packaged, and a lithium-ion battery is obtained through a process of formation, degassing, and trimming.
  • Comparative Examples 2 to 4 and Examples 1 to 11 are different from those of Comparative Example 1 in the process conditions of the electrodeposited copper foil. For details, see Table 1
  • M (220) S (220) / (S (220) + S (111) + S (200) )
  • M(220) is the proportion of the (220) crystal plane peak area
  • S(220) is the (220) crystal plane peak area
  • S(111) is the (111) crystal plane peak area
  • S(200) is the (200) crystal plane peak area.
  • the above is tested by XRD (X-ray diffraction).
  • the crystal plane index (h k l) represents a group of parallel crystal planes with equal interplanar spacing. It is only necessary to obtain the three intercepts of any crystal plane and the three crystal axes. Take the reciprocal, multiply it by the least common multiple, and enclose the smallest (coprime) integer obtained in parentheses to obtain the crystal plane index.
  • Measurement frequency Voltage internal resistance measurement uses 1KHZ specification, measured after pretreatment and testing;
  • Table 1 shows various parameters and evaluation results of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.

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Abstract

本申请提供了电化学装置和电子装置。该电化学装置包括负极极片，负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性材料层，负极活性材料层位于负极集流体上。负极集流体包括铜箔，铜箔的(220)晶面峰面积占比为15％至21％。通过使用(220)晶面峰面积占比为15％至21％的铜箔作为负极集流体，能够提升电化学装置的撞击通过率，从而提升电化学装置的安全性能。

Description

电化学装置和电子装置 技术领域
本申请涉及电化学储能领域，具体地，涉及电化学装置和电子装置。
背景技术
随着电化学装置(例如，锂离子电池)在各类电子产品中的广泛应用，用户对于电化学装置的安全性能也提出了越来越高的要求。因此，亟需作出进一步改进以满足人们越来越高的使用需求。
发明内容
本申请的实施例提供了一种电化学装置，该电化学装置包括负极极片，负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性材料层，负极活性材料层位于负极集流体上。负极集流体包括铜箔，铜箔的(220)晶面峰面积占比为15％至21％。
在一些实施例中，铜箔的(220)晶面峰面积占比为17％至21％。在一些实施例中，铜箔表面的晶粒直径为1.7μm至3.5μm。在一些实施例中，铜箔表面的晶粒直径为2.1μm至2.7μm。在一些实施例中，铜箔的强度大于400MPa。在一些实施例中，铜箔的厚度为8μm至10μm。
在一些实施例中，铜箔通过电沉积液电沉积得到，电沉积液包括硫酸铜、硫酸、光亮剂、抑制剂、表面活性剂和氯离子。在一些实施例中，光亮剂包括聚二硫二丙烷磺酸钠、乙酰硫脲或丙烯基硫脲中的至少一种。在一些实施例中，抑制剂包括明胶或胶原蛋白中的至少一种。在一些实施例中，表面活性剂包括脂肪醇、烷基苯酚、脂肪硫醇、脂肪酰胺、聚乙二醇或聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。在一些实施例中，电沉积液满足以下至少一个：电沉积液中的铜离子浓度为85g/L至95g/L；电沉积液中的硫酸浓度为100g/L至110g/L；电沉积液中的氯离子浓度为10mg/L至80mg/L。在一些实施例中，电沉积液满足以下至少一个：电沉积液中的光亮剂的浓度为10mg/L至60mg/L；电沉积液中的抑制剂的浓度为5mg/L至60mg/L；电沉积液中的表面活性剂的浓度为1mg/L至10mg/L。
本申请的实施例还提供了一种电子装置，包括上述电化学装置。
本申请通过使用(220)晶面峰面积占比为15％至21％的铜箔作为负极集流体，能够提升电化学装置的撞击通过率，从而提升电化学装置的安全性能。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以使本领域技术人员更全面地理解本申请，但不以任何方式限制本申请。
本申请的实施例提供了一种电化学装置，该电化学装置包括负极极片。在一些实施例中，负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性材料层，负极活性材料层位于负极集流体上。在一些实施例中，负极活性材料层位于负极集流体的至少一个表面上。
在一些实施例中，负极集流体包括铜箔，铜箔的(220)晶面峰面积占比为15％至21％。此种铜箔具有高强度和高延伸率，有利于提升电化学装置的撞击通过率，从而提升电化学装置的安全性能。本申请的此种铜箔在电化学装置的电极组件的挤压过程中，负极集流体的延展率提升，屈服位移大，在负极极片的压缩过程中可改善电极组件的断裂行为，减少碎屑的数量，进而提升电化学装置的机械安全性能。
在一些实施例中，铜箔的(220)晶面峰面积占比为17％至21％。采用(220)晶面峰面积占比为17％至21％的铜箔，铜箔的延伸率可以在9％以上，并且可以显著地提升电化学装置的撞击通过率，从而提升电化学装置的安全性能。
在一些实施例中，铜箔表面的晶粒直径为1.7μm至3.5μm。通过采用晶粒直径为1.7μm至3.5μm的铜箔，可以改善铜箔的强度和/或延伸率。在一些实施例中，铜箔表面的晶粒直径为2.1μm至2.7μm。此时铜箔的强度和延伸率均得到显著改善。
在一些实施例中，铜箔的强度大于400MPa。高强度的铜箔能够提升负极极片的结构稳定性。在一些实施例中，铜箔的厚度为8μm至10μm。如果铜箔的厚度太小，则影响负极极片的结构稳定性；如果铜箔的厚度太大，则影响电化学装置的能量密度。
在一些实施例中，铜箔通过电沉积液电沉积得到，即，铜箔可以包括电解铜箔。在一些实施例中，用于制备电解铜箔的电沉积液包括硫酸铜、硫酸、 光亮剂、抑制剂、表面活性剂和氯离子(Cl-)。在一些实施例中，硫酸铜提供铜离子，硫酸提供氢离子。在一些实施例中，Cl-可以由盐酸提供。Cl-可以与Cu+形成CuCl，促使沉积速率加速，也可起到增加光亮作用。在一些实施例中，光亮剂包括聚二硫二丙烷磺酸钠、乙酰硫脲或丙烯基硫脲中的至少一种。光亮剂使不同晶面的生长速度趋于一致。在一些实施例中，抑制剂包括明胶或胶原蛋白中的至少一种。抑制剂可以附着在电镀基体高点，抑制高点铜沉积。在一些实施例中，表面活性剂包括脂肪醇、烷基苯酚、脂肪硫醇、脂肪酰胺、聚乙二醇或聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。表面活性剂可以降低表面张力，均匀分散Cu2+离子，表现出润湿效果。
在一些实施例中，电沉积液中的铜离子浓度为85g/L至95g/L。在一些实施例中，电沉积液中的硫酸浓度为100g/L至110g/L。在一些实施例中，电沉积液中的氯离子浓度为10mg/L至80mg/L。在一些实施例中，电解过程中电沉积液的温度为40℃至60℃。在一些实施例中，电沉积液中的光亮剂的浓度为10mg/L至60mg/L。在一些实施例中，电沉积液中的抑制剂的浓度为5mg/L至60mg/L。在一些实施例中，电沉积液中的表面活性剂的浓度为1mg/L至10mg/L。
在一些实施例中，负极活性材料层可以包括负极活性材料。在一些实施例中，负极活性材料层中的负极活性材料包括石墨或硅基材料中的至少一种。在一些实施例中，硅基材料包括硅、硅氧化合物、硅碳化合物或硅合金中的至少一种。
在一些实施例中，负极活性材料层中还可以包括导电剂和/或粘结剂。在一些实施例中，负极活性材料层中的导电剂可以包括炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑、片层石墨、石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纤维或碳纳米线中的至少一种。在一些实施例中，负极活性材料层中的粘结剂可以包括羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸盐、聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚苯胺、聚酰亚胺、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚硅氧烷、丁苯橡胶、环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂或聚芴中的至少一种。应该理解，以上公开的材料仅是示例性，负极活性材料层可以采用任何其他合适的材料。在一些实施例中，负极活性材料层中的负极活性材料、导电剂和粘结剂的质量比可以为(80～99):(0.5～10):(0.5～10)，应该理解，这仅是示例性的，而不用于限制本申请。
除了负极极片之外，本申请的电化学装置的电极组件还可以包括正极极片、设置在正极极片和负极极片之间的隔离膜以及电解液。
在一些实施例中，正极极片包括正极集流体和设置在正极集流体上的正极活性材料层。正极活性材料层可以位于正极集流体至少一个表面上。在一些实施例中，正极集流体可以采用铝箔，当然，也可以采用本领域常用的其他正极集流体。在一些实施例中，正极集流体的厚度可以为1μm至200μm。在一些实施例中，正极活性材料层可以仅涂覆在正极集流体的部分区域上。在一些实施例中，正极活性材料层的厚度可以为10μm至500μm。应该理解，这些仅是示例性的，可以采用其他合适的厚度。
在一些实施例中，正极活性材料层包括正极活性材料。在一些实施例中，正极活性材料包括LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMn2O4、LiCo1-yMyO2、LiNi1-yMyO2、LiMn2-yMyO4、LiNixCoyMnzM1-x-y-zO2，其中M选自Fe、Co、Ni、Mn、Mg、Cu、Zn、Al、Sn、B、Ga、Cr、Sr、V或Ti中的至少一种，且0≤y≤1，0≤x≤1，0≤z≤1，x+y+z≤1。在一些实施例中，正极活性材料可以包括钴酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂、磷酸锰铁锂、镍钴锰酸锂、镍钴铝酸锂或镍锰酸锂中的至少一种，上述正极活性材料可以经过掺杂和/或包覆处理。
在一些实施例中，正极活性材料层还包括粘结剂和导电剂。在一些实施例中，正极活性材料层中的粘结剂可以包括聚偏氟乙烯、偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯的共聚物、苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯共聚物、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、聚酰胺、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸盐、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯呲咯烷酮、聚乙烯醚、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚四氟乙烯或聚六氟丙烯中的至少一种。在一些实施例中，正极活性材料层中的导电剂可以包括导电炭黑、乙炔黑、科琴黑、片层石墨、石墨烯、碳纳米管或碳纤维中的至少一种。在一些实施例中，正极活性材料层中的正极活性材料、导电剂和粘结剂的质量比可以为(70～98):(1～15):(1～15)。应该理解，以上所述仅是示例，正极活性材料层可以采用任何其他合适的材料、厚度和质量比。
在一些实施例中，隔离膜包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酰亚胺或芳纶中的至少一种。例如，聚乙烯包括选自高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯或超高分子量聚乙烯中的至少一种。尤其是 聚乙烯和聚丙烯，它们对防止短路具有良好的作用，并可以通过关断效应改善电池的稳定性。在一些实施例中，隔离膜的厚度在约3μm至500μm的范围内。
在一些实施例中，隔离膜表面还可以包括多孔层，多孔层设置在隔离膜的至少一个表面上，多孔层包括无机颗粒或粘结剂中的至少一种，无机颗粒选自氧化铝(Al2O3)、氧化硅(SiO2)、氧化镁(MgO)、氧化钛(TiO2)、二氧化铪(HfO2)、氧化锡(SnO2)、二氧化铈(CeO2)、氧化镍(NiO)、氧化锌(ZnO)、氧化钙(CaO)、氧化锆(ZrO2)、氧化钇(Y2O3)、碳化硅(SiC)、勃姆石、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙或硫酸钡中的至少一种。在一些实施例中，隔离膜的孔具有在约0.01μm至1μm的范围的直径。多孔层的粘结剂选自聚偏氟乙烯、偏氟乙烯-六氟丙烯的共聚物、聚酰胺、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酸盐、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚乙烯呲咯烷酮、聚乙烯醚、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚四氟乙烯或聚六氟丙烯中的至少一种。隔离膜表面的多孔层可以提升隔离膜的耐热性能、抗氧化性能和电解质浸润性能，增强隔离膜与极片之间的粘接性。
在一些实施例中，电化学装置包括锂离子电池，但是本申请不限于此。在一些实施例中，电解液包括氟醚、氟代碳酸乙烯酯或醚腈中至少一种。在一些实施例中，电解液还包括锂盐，锂盐包括双(氟磺酰基)酰亚胺锂和六氟磷酸锂，锂盐的浓度为1mol/L至2mol/L，且双(氟磺酰基)酰亚胺锂和六氟磷酸锂的质量比为0.06至5。在一些实施例中，电解液还可以包括非水溶剂。非水溶剂可为碳酸酯化合物、羧酸酯化合物、醚化合物、其它有机溶剂或它们的组合。
碳酸酯化合物可为链状碳酸酯化合物、环状碳酸酯化合物、氟代碳酸酯化合物或其组合。
链状碳酸酯化合物的实例为碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)、碳酸二丙酯(DPC)、碳酸甲丙酯(MPC)、碳酸乙丙酯(EPC)、碳酸甲乙酯(MEC)及其组合。所述环状碳酸酯化合物的实例为碳酸亚乙酯(EC)、碳酸亚丙酯(PC)、碳酸亚丁酯(BC)、碳酸乙烯基亚乙酯(VEC)或者其组合。所述氟代碳酸酯化合物的实例为碳酸氟代亚乙酯(FEC)、 碳酸1,2-二氟亚乙酯、碳酸1,1-二氟亚乙酯、碳酸1,1,2-三氟亚乙酯、碳酸1,1,2,2-四氟亚乙酯、碳酸1-氟-2-甲基亚乙酯、碳酸1-氟-1-甲基亚乙酯、碳酸1,2-二氟-1-甲基亚乙酯、碳酸1,1,2-三氟-2-甲基亚乙酯、碳酸三氟甲基亚乙酯或者其组合。
羧酸酯化合物的实例为乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸叔丁酯、丙酸甲酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸丙酯、γ-丁内酯、癸内酯、戊内酯、甲瓦龙酸内酯、己内酯、甲酸甲酯或者其组合。
醚化合物的实例为二丁醚、四甘醇二甲醚、二甘醇二甲醚、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二乙氧基乙烷、乙氧基甲氧基乙烷、2-甲基四氢呋喃、四氢呋喃或者其组合。
其它有机溶剂的实例为二甲亚砜、1,2-二氧戊环、环丁砜、甲基环丁砜、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑烷酮、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、甲酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈、磷酸三甲酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸三辛酯、和磷酸酯或者其组合。
在本申请的一些实施例中，电化学装置的电极组件为卷绕式电极组件或堆叠式电极组件。在一些实施例中，电化学装置为锂离子电池，但是本申请不限于此。
在本申请的一些实施例中，以锂离子电池为例，将正极、隔离膜、负极按顺序卷绕或堆叠成电极组件，之后装入例如铝塑膜壳体中进行封装，注入电解液，化成、封装，即制成锂离子电池。然后，对制备的锂离子电池进行性能测试。
本领域的技术人员将理解，以上描述的电化学装置(例如，锂离子电池)的制备方法仅是实施例。在不背离本申请公开的内容的基础上，可以采用本领域常用的其他方法。
本申请的实施例还提供了包括上述电化学装置的电子装置。本申请实施例的电子装置没有特别限定，其可以是用于现有技术中已知的任何电子装置。在一些实施例中，电子装置可以包括，但不限于，笔记本电脑、笔输入型计算机、移动电脑、电子书播放器、便携式电话、便携式传真机、便携式复印机、便携式打印机、头戴式立体声耳机、录像机、液晶电视、手提式清洁器、便携CD机、迷你光盘、收发机、电子记事本、计算器、 存储卡、便携式录音机、收音机、备用电源、电机、汽车、摩托车、助力自行车、自行车、照明器具、玩具、游戏机、钟表、电动工具、闪光灯、照相机、家庭用大型蓄电池和锂离子电容器等。
下面列举了一些具体实施例和对比例以更好地对本申请进行说明，其中，采用锂离子电池作为示例。
对比例1
锂离子电池的制备
正极极片的制备：将正极活性材料钴酸锂LiCoO2、导电剂导电炭黑、粘结剂聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)按重量比97.9：0.9：1.2的比例溶于N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)溶液中，形成正极浆料。采用13μm的铝箔作为正极集流体，将正极浆料涂覆于正极集流体上，经过干燥、冷压、裁切后得到正极极片。正极极片的压实密度为4.15g/cm3。
负极极片的制备：铜箔的厚度为9μm，电沉积铜箔的电沉积液包括硫酸铜、硫酸和盐酸，其中硫酸铜提供铜离子、硫酸提供氢离子，盐酸提供氯离子，电沉积液中铜离子浓度为91g/L，硫酸含量为105g/L，氯离子浓度为30mg/L，电沉积温度为55℃。工艺条件的进一步细节参见表1。
将负极活性材料人造石墨、粘结剂丁苯橡胶(SBR)、增稠剂羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)按重量比97.4：1.4：1.2的比例溶于去离子水中，形成负极浆料。采用上述铜箔作为负极集流体，将负极浆料涂覆于负极集流体上，干燥、冷压、裁切后得到负极。负极的压实密度为1.8g/cm3。
隔离膜的制备：隔离膜基材为5μm厚的聚乙烯(PE)，在隔离膜基材的两侧各涂覆2μm氧化铝陶瓷层，最后在涂布了陶瓷层的两侧各涂覆2.5mg的粘结剂聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)，烘干。
电解液的制备：在含水量小于10ppm的环境下，将碳酸乙烯酯(简写为EC)、碳酸丙烯酯(简写为PC)、碳酸二乙酯(简写为DEC)、丙酸乙酯(简写为EP)、丙酸丙酯(简写为PP)按照1:1:1:1:1的质量比混合均匀，再将锂盐LiPF6(终浓度为1.15mol/L)溶解于上述非水溶剂，得到电解液。
锂离子电池的制备：将正极极片、隔离膜、负极极片按顺序依次叠好，使隔离膜处于正极极片和负极极片中间起到隔离的作用，并卷绕得到电极组 件。将电极组件置于外包装铝塑膜中，在80℃下脱去水分后，注入上述电解液并封装，经过化成，脱气，切边等工艺流程得到锂离子电池。
对比例2至4和实施例1至11的参数与对比例1的不同之处在于电沉积铜箔的工艺条件，具体请见表1
下面描述本申请的各个参数的测试方法。
(220)晶面织构测试：
以晶面指数(hkl)的峰面积占比表征晶面择优程度：
M(220)＝S(220)/(S(220)+S(111)+S(200))
其中M(220)为(220)晶面峰面积占比，S(220)为(220)晶面峰面积，S(111)为(111)晶面峰面积，S(200)为(200)晶面峰面积。以上用XRD(X射线衍射)进行测试，晶面指数(h k l)系代表一组互相平行、且面间距相等的晶面。只要求得任一晶面与三条晶轴的三个截距.取其倒数，用最小公倍数乘之，将所得最小(互质)整数加以圆括号，即为晶面指数。
晶粒直径可用此公式进行计算：
D＝Kλ/βcosθ
式中K为Scherrer常数，取值为1，λ为X射线波长，对Cu靶，λ为0.15405nm；β(弧度)为扣除工具宽度后衍射峰的真实积分宽度；θ为Bragg角。
强度测试：
在铜箔横向和纵向方向各用刀模裁切宽度为12.7mm，长度大于50mm的铜箔样条，取样确保试样无毛刺且平整。将铜箔样条固定在拉力机的固定夹上，固定紧，确保样条平整且无斜纹。拉力机型号为Instron3365拉力机。选择铜箔材料后启动拉力机开关，拉力机拉着铜箔样条，显示出位移和拉力的曲线，规定开始拉伸到最终断裂之间最大拉力/截面积为抗拉强度。P＝F/S，其中P为抗拉强度、F为最大拉力，S为铜箔样条的截面积。
延伸率测试：
在铜箔横向和纵向方向各用刀模裁切宽度为12.7mm，长度大于50mm的铜箔样条，取样确保试样无毛刺且平整。将铜箔样条固定在拉力机的固定夹上，固定紧，确保样条平整且无斜纹。拉力机型号为Instron 3365拉力机。选择铜箔材料后启动拉力机开关，拉力机拉着铜箔样条，显示出位移和拉力的 曲线，规定开始拉伸到最终断裂之间变形量ΔL与初始夹头间距离L比值为延伸率。
S＝ΔL/L，其中S为延伸率，ΔL为开始拉伸与最终断裂之间变形量，L为初始夹头间距L。
撞击通过率测试：
1.撞击前电压&荷电状态(SOC)：4.5V/100％；
2.测试前后检查外观并拍照；
3.感温线黏贴位置；
4.20±5℃测试环境，将样品放置于测试台面，使用15.8mm直径的圆棒放置于样品宽面的中心位置，圆棒与样品长轴垂直，使用9.1±0.1kg的重锤，从610±25mm高度垂直自由状态落下，跌落于圆棒与试样交叉处；
5.测量频次：电压内阻测量使用1KHZ规格，预处理后，测试后测量；
6.判定标准：不起火，不爆炸。
表1示出了实施例1至10和对比例1至4的各项参数和评估结果。
表1



通过比较实施例1至4和对比例1至4可知，通过采用(220)晶面峰面积占比为15％至21％的铜箔作为负极集流体，确保了负极集流体的高强度和高延伸率，能够提升锂离子电池的撞击通过率，从而提升锂离子电池的安全性能。铜箔的(220)晶面峰面积占比过高或过低，均不利于提升铜箔的延伸率，也不利于锂离子电池的撞击通过率的提升。另外，当铜箔的(220)晶面峰面积占比为17％至21％时，锂离子电池的撞击通过率的提升效果更为显著。
通过比较实施例5至10可知，采用晶粒直径在1.7μm至3.5μm的铜箔，均有利于确保负极集流体的高强度和高延伸率，从而也有利于提升锂离子电池的撞击通过率，从而提升锂离子电池的安全性能。
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解，本申请中所涉及的公开范围，并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案，同时也应涵盖由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本申请中公开的具有类似功能的技术特征进行互相替换而形成的技术方案。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电化学装置，其包括：
    负极极片，所述负极极片包括负极集流体和负极活性材料层，所述负极活性材料层位于所述负极集流体上；
    其中，所述负极集流体包括铜箔，所述铜箔的(220)晶面峰面积占比为15％至21％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述铜箔的(220)晶面峰面积占比为17％至21％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述铜箔表面的晶粒直径为1.7μm至3.5μm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述铜箔表面的晶粒直径为2.1μm至2.7μm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述铜箔的强度大于400MPa。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述铜箔的厚度为8μm至10μm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电化学装置，其中，所述铜箔通过电沉积液电沉积得到，所述电沉积液包括硫酸铜、硫酸、光亮剂、抑制剂、表面活性剂和氯离子；
    所述光亮剂包括聚二硫二丙烷磺酸钠、乙酰硫脲或丙烯基硫脲中的至少一种；
    所述抑制剂包括明胶或胶原蛋白中的至少一种；
    所述表面活性剂包括脂肪醇、烷基苯酚、脂肪硫醇、脂肪酰胺、聚乙二醇或聚硅氧烷中的至少一种。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电化学装置，其中，所述电沉积液满足以下至少一个：
    所述电沉积液中的铜离子浓度为85g/L至95g/L；
    所述电沉积液中的硫酸浓度为100g/L至110g/L；
    所述电沉积液中的氯离子浓度为10mg/L至80mg/L。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的电化学装置，其中，所述电沉积液满足以下至少一个：
    所述电沉积液中的所述光亮剂的浓度为10mg/L至60mg/L；
    所述电沉积液中的所述抑制剂的浓度为5mg/L至60mg/L；
    所述电沉积液中的所述表面活性剂的浓度为1mg/L至10mg/L。
  10. 一种电子装置，包括根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电化学装置。
PCT/CN2023/082222 2023-03-17 2023-03-17 电化学装置和电子装置 Ceased WO2024192574A1 (zh)

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CN101183714A (zh) * 2005-11-14 2008-05-21 索尼株式会社 集电体、负极、以及电池
CN109950546A (zh) * 2019-03-24 2019-06-28 湖北中一科技股份有限公司 一种铜箔的制作工艺及负极集流体
CN113430586A (zh) * 2021-06-08 2021-09-24 浙江工业大学 一种提高电解铜箔力学性能的方法及其所用的添加剂
TW202212582A (zh) * 2020-09-28 2022-04-01 財團法人工業技術研究院 電解銅箔與鋰電池負極集電體

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101183714A (zh) * 2005-11-14 2008-05-21 索尼株式会社 集电体、负极、以及电池
CN109950546A (zh) * 2019-03-24 2019-06-28 湖北中一科技股份有限公司 一种铜箔的制作工艺及负极集流体
TW202212582A (zh) * 2020-09-28 2022-04-01 財團法人工業技術研究院 電解銅箔與鋰電池負極集電體
CN113430586A (zh) * 2021-06-08 2021-09-24 浙江工业大学 一种提高电解铜箔力学性能的方法及其所用的添加剂

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