WO2024183142A1 - 适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器和运行方法 - Google Patents

适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器和运行方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024183142A1
WO2024183142A1 PCT/CN2023/090446 CN2023090446W WO2024183142A1 WO 2024183142 A1 WO2024183142 A1 WO 2024183142A1 CN 2023090446 W CN2023090446 W CN 2023090446W WO 2024183142 A1 WO2024183142 A1 WO 2024183142A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating unit
molten salt
power
heating
output end
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/090446
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建元
马汀山
常东锋
王伟
雒青
耿如意
王东晔
李�昊
王亚峰
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Xian Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2024183142A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024183142A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies
    • H02J3/0014—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies for preventing or reducing power oscillations in networks
    • H02J3/00142—Oscillations concerning frequency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy specially adapted for power networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • F28D2020/0047—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material using molten salts or liquid metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2103/00—Details of circuit arrangements for mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2103/30—Simulating, planning, modelling, reliability check or computer assisted design [CAD] of electric power networks
    • H02J2103/35—Grid-level management of power transmission or distribution systems, e.g. load flow analysis or active network management
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of power grid frequency modulation, and in particular to a molten salt electric heater and an operation method thereof that are adaptable to power grid frequency modulation.
  • Frequency regulation is an important means to maintain the safe operation of the power grid. It is mainly divided into primary frequency regulation and secondary frequency regulation. At present, the frequency regulation of the power grid is basically completed by the generator set, and the regulation rate and quality vary greatly. At present, renewable energy such as wind energy and solar energy are developing rapidly year by year. In addition, the electricity consumption of the whole society is rising year by year, and the peak-to-valley difference of power grid electricity consumption is increasing day by day.
  • the power grid has an increasing demand for low-cost and long-life energy storage technology. Molten salt heat storage technology can convert electrical energy into thermal energy for storage. It has the advantages of low average cost, long service life, clean and pollution-free. It is one of the main energy storage methods to cope with the development of new energy in the future.
  • phase control means that the thyristor completes the on-off in each cycle, and the output power is determined according to the on-off time. In this mode, the output power of the power regulator is stable, but a large number of harmonics will be generated.
  • Zero-position control is to control the number of on-off cycles to adjust the output power, avoiding the influence of the cycle, but it will cause current step instability. Converters based on IGBT technology can also adjust the load power, but the price is high. Therefore, the development of molten salt electric heaters and control methods suitable for grid frequency regulation has great application prospects.
  • a molten salt electric heater adapted to grid frequency modulation comprising:
  • a power supply device used to provide electric energy to the molten salt electric heating unit
  • the molten salt electric heating unit is electrically connected to the power supply device through a power regulating cabinet; the molten salt electric heating unit includes at least one first heating unit and one second heating unit, which are used to convert electrical energy into thermal energy to heat the molten salt; according to the flow direction of the molten salt, the molten salt passes through the first heating unit and the second heating unit in sequence from bottom to top; wherein a plurality of independent heating tube groups are arranged in the first heating unit and the second heating unit.
  • the plurality of heating tube groups in the second heating unit are distributed in three or four flow zones separated by partitions, and each flow zone includes at least one heating tube group, and the molten salt passes through each flow zone in sequence; wherein the flow zone through which the molten salt flows last includes two heating tube groups with powers of P1 and P2 respectively; the powers of the heating tube groups in the remaining flow zones are all P3; wherein P1 ⁇ P2 ⁇ P3.
  • the flow zone through which the molten salt first flows is located below the flow zone through which the molten salt last flows.
  • the first heating unit includes N flow zones arranged in the up and down directions and having the same cross-sectional area; each of the flow zones includes at least one heating tube group with a power of P3; and the molten salt passes through each of the flow zones in sequence from bottom to top.
  • the molten salt electric heating unit also includes a bypass pipe, which is arranged above the first heating unit connected to the second heating unit, and includes a first output end and a second output end; the first output end is connected to an output end of the first heating unit; the second output end is connected to the output end of the second heating unit; the input end of the bypass pipe is connected to the other output end of the first heating unit.
  • a bypass pipe which is arranged above the first heating unit connected to the second heating unit, and includes a first output end and a second output end; the first output end is connected to an output end of the first heating unit; the second output end is connected to the output end of the second heating unit; the input end of the bypass pipe is connected to the other output end of the first heating unit.
  • a second valve is disposed between the first output end and an output end of the first heating unit; and a first valve is disposed between the second output end and an output end of the second heating unit.
  • the power supply device includes a power supply and a supercapacitor storage device connected to the power supply; wherein the supercapacitor storage device is provided with an input control device and an output control device; and the supercapacitor storage device is electrically connected to the power regulating cabinet.
  • a second aspect of the present disclosure proposes an operation method of a molten salt electric heater adapted to grid frequency modulation, operating the molten salt electric heater described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the molten salt electric heater includes a preheating mode and an operating mode;
  • the working mode includes: in the power constant stage of the molten salt electric heating unit, the power supply provides stable electric energy to the power regulating cabinet, and the power regulating cabinet controls the second heating unit and part of the heating tube group in the first heating unit to turn on and reach the required electric power; in the power variable stage of the molten salt electric heating unit, the storage device in the supercapacitor plays a short-time power storage function or a discharge function, and turns on or off the second heating unit and part of the heating tube group in the first heating unit.
  • the heating tube assembly in the second heating unit and the first heating unit, is opened from top to bottom, and the heating tube assembly is closed from bottom to top.
  • the first valve when water in the molten salt is heated to form bubbles, the first valve is opened to discharge water vapor to the output end of the second heating unit; and when the upper part of the heating tube group in the first heating unit is locally overheated due to uneven flow resistance, the second valve is opened, and when the first heating unit is operating normally, the second valve is kept normally open.
  • FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a molten salt electric heater adapted to grid frequency modulation proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a molten salt electric heater adapted to grid frequency modulation proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a molten salt electric heater adapted to grid frequency modulation proposed in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a first heating unit and a second heating unit provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG5 is another schematic diagram of FIG4
  • the present disclosure aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to propose a molten salt electric heater and an operating method that are adapted to power grid frequency modulation, by improving the arrangement of electric heating tubes in the molten salt electric heater, and combining the operating method to ensure that the current of the molten salt electric heater is stable during normal operation and the current increases slowly during the startup process, thereby improving the frequency modulation quality and extending the service life of the resistance wire, and solving the technical problem that the existing molten salt electric heater has large fluctuations and affects the service life when used for power grid frequency modulation.
  • a molten salt electric heater adaptable to grid frequency modulation comprising a power supply device and a molten salt electric heating unit; wherein the power supply device is used to provide electric energy to the molten salt electric heating unit, and the molten salt electric heating unit converts the electric energy into thermal energy of a certain power, so as to heat the molten salt.
  • the molten salt electric heating unit in this embodiment is electrically connected to the power supply device through the power regulating cabinet 3; the molten salt electric heating unit includes at least one first heating unit 51 and one second heating unit 52; according to the flow direction of the molten salt from bottom to top, the molten salt is heated by at least one first heating unit 51 and finally flows out through the second heating unit 52; wherein a plurality of independent heating tube groups 6 are arranged in the first heating unit 51 and the second heating unit 52.
  • the power supply device is electrically connected to the power adjustment cabinet 3 through the circuit connection 4, and the molten salt electric heating unit includes at least one first heating unit 51 and one second heating unit 52, wherein the power adjustment cabinet 3 is respectively connected to at least one first heating unit 51 and the second heating unit 52 through the circuit connection 4, and according to the flow direction of the molten salt, the molten salt is first heated by at least one first heating unit 51, and finally flows out through the second heating unit 52.
  • the molten salt electric heating unit includes one, two or more first heating units 51 and one second heating unit 52, and according to the flow direction of the molten salt, the low-temperature molten salt is first heated by all the first heating units 51, and then finally flows out through the second heating unit 52.
  • the first heating unit 51 is located below the second heating unit 52, that is, the flow direction of the molten salt is from bottom to top. In each heating unit, the molten salt flows from bottom to top, and flows through the first heating unit first, and then flows through the second heating unit.
  • the molten salt electric heating unit includes a first heating unit 51 and a second heating unit 52, wherein the power control cabinet 3 is connected to the first heating unit 51 and the second heating unit 52 respectively through the circuit connection 4.
  • the first heating unit 51 includes an inlet pipe 7, through which the molten salt enters the first heating unit 51 and flows from bottom to top. The heated molten salt enters the second heating unit 52 and flows out through the outlet pipe 12 above the second heating unit 52.
  • the molten salt electric heating unit includes two first heating units 51 and one The second heating unit 52, wherein the power control cabinet 3 is respectively connected to the two first heating units 51 and the second heating unit 52 through the circuit connection 4; wherein the two first heating units 51 and the second heating unit 52 are arranged in sequence and connected in series. After passing through a first heating unit 51, the molten salt enters another first heating unit 51 connected thereto, and finally enters the second heating unit 52 for heating and then flows out.
  • each of the first heating unit 51 and the second heating unit 52 includes multiple heating tube groups 6, wherein the independent heating tube groups 6 are structures that can be independently controlled by switches, and the modular partition heating of molten salt is realized through the control of the power adjustment cabinet 3.
  • the total power of the heating tube groups 6 in the first heating unit 51 and the second heating unit 52 can be set to be substantially the same, which is convenient for factory processing and power distribution cabinet procurement, and can reduce costs.
  • the plurality of heating tube groups 6 in the second heating unit 52 are distributed in three or four flow zones separated by partitions 13, and each flow zone includes at least one heating tube group 6; the molten salt entering the second heating unit 52 passes through each flow zone in turn, and flows out through the last flow zone; the flow zone through which the molten salt flows last includes two heating tube groups 6 with powers of P1 and P2 respectively; the powers of the heating tube groups 6 in the remaining flow zones are all P3; wherein P1 ⁇ P2 ⁇ P3.
  • the second heating unit 52 and the first heating unit 51 can both be understood as electric heaters, wherein the electric heater includes a hollow shell, and a heating tube group 6 is arranged in the shell, and the shape of the shell is various.
  • This embodiment is described by taking a cylindrical structure as an example.
  • the shell is divided into three or four flow zones by an axial partition 13; wherein each flow zone includes at least one heating tube group 6, and one heating tube group 6 is only distributed in one flow zone.
  • the rated power corresponding to a heating tube group 6 is P1, P2 or P3, wherein P1 ⁇ P2 ⁇ P3, and by controlling the opening and closing of multiple heating tube groups 6 with electric powers of P1, P2 and P3, respectively, the power accuracy of the molten salt electric heater can be flexibly adjusted.
  • the molten salt entering the second heating unit 52 passes through each flow zone in turn, and flows out through the last flow zone, and two heating tube groups 6 with powers of P1 and P2 are jointly arranged in the flow zone through which the molten salt flows last, and heating tube groups 6 with powers of P3 are arranged in the remaining flow zones.
  • the shell is divided into three flow zones, Q1, Q2 and Q3, by an axial partition 13. From the cross section of the shell, it can be seen that Q1 and Q2 are symmetrical, Q3 is below Q1 and Q2, and the molten salt passes through Q3, Q2 and Q1 in sequence.
  • An outlet pipe 12 is provided on Q1, wherein two heating tube groups 6 with rated powers of P1 and P2 are provided in the Q1 flow zone; and heating tube groups 6 with rated power of P3 are provided in the Q3 and Q2 flow zones.
  • the shell is divided into four flow zones, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, by an axial partition 13.
  • Q1 and Q2 are symmetrical, Q3 and Q4 are symmetrical and located below Q1 and Q2 in the cross section direction.
  • the molten salt passes through Q4, Q3, Q2 and Q1 in sequence; two heating tube groups 6 with rated powers of P1 and P2 are arranged in the Q1 flow area; and heating tube groups 6 with rated power of P3 are arranged in the Q4, Q3 and Q2 flow areas.
  • the flow zone through which the molten salt first passes is located below the flow zone through which the molten salt last passes.
  • three or four flow zones can be arranged in an up-down direction, wherein the molten salt first passes through the flow zone below and then enters the flow zone above.
  • Q1 and Q2 are symmetrical
  • Q3 is below
  • the molten salt passes through Q3, Q2, and Q1 in sequence
  • Q1 and Q2 are symmetrical
  • Q3 and Q4 are symmetrical and located below Q1 and Q2, and the molten salt passes through Q4, Q3, Q2, and Q1 in sequence.
  • the plurality of heating tube groups 6 in the first heating unit 51 are distributed in N circulation areas of the same area, and each circulation area includes at least one heating tube group 6 with a power of P3; the N circulation areas are arranged in the vertical direction.
  • the molten salt entering the first heating unit 51 passes through each flow zone in sequence from bottom to top, and enters the second heating unit 52 after being heated by the top flow zone.
  • the first heating unit 51 includes N circulation areas arranged in sequence in the up and down directions, wherein the cross-sectional areas of the circulation areas are the same, and each circulation area includes at least one heating tube group 6 with a power of P3.
  • the molten salt entering the first heating unit 51 passes through each circulation area from bottom to top, and enters the second heating unit 52 after being heated by the top circulation area.
  • the first heating unit 51 includes what can be understood as an electric heater, wherein the electric heater includes a hollow shell, and a heating tube group 6 is arranged in the shell, wherein the shape of the shell is various, and this embodiment is described by taking a cylindrical structure as an example.
  • the shell is divided into S1, S2, S3...Sn zones with equal cross-sectional areas from top to bottom, and there is no physical barrier between adjacent circulation zones, and the entering molten salt flows from the lower Sn zone to the higher S1 zone.
  • an inlet pipe 7 is set at Sn, and is connected to the second heating unit 52 through a pipe in the S1 zone.
  • the molten salt electric heating unit also includes a bypass transport unit; the bypass transport unit includes a bypass pipe 8; the bypass pipe 8 is arranged above the first heating unit 51 connected to the second heating unit 52, and includes a first output end and a second output end; the first output end is connected to an output end of the first heating unit 51; the second output end is connected to the output end of the second heating unit; the input end of the bypass pipe 8 is connected to the other output end of the first heating unit 51.
  • the first heating unit 51 and the second heating unit 52 are connected by an intermediate connecting pipe 9.
  • the first heating unit 51 includes S1, S2, S3...Sn zones with equal cross-sectional areas
  • the second heating unit 52 includes three flow zones Q1, Q2 and Q3, wherein an inlet pipe 7 is set at Sn, and the S1 zone is connected to the Q3 flow zone through the intermediate connecting pipe 9, and an outlet pipe 12 is set on Q1, so that the molten salt passes through Sn...S1 in sequence, then passes through the intermediate connecting pipe 9, passes through the second heating unit 52, and finally flows out from the outlet pipe 12 on Q1.
  • the bypass delivery unit includes a bypass pipe 8, wherein the bypass pipe 8 is located above the uppermost first heating unit 51, that is, the bypass pipe 8 is arranged between the second heating unit 52 and the first heating unit 51.
  • the bypass pipe 8 includes two output ends, namely a first output end and a second output end; wherein the first output end is connected to an output end of the first heating unit 51, and a second valve 11 is arranged between the two; the second output end is connected to the output end of the second heating unit 52, and a first valve 10 is arranged between the two; and the input end of the bypass pipe 8 is connected to the other output end of the first heating unit 51.
  • the first valve 10 When the moisture in the molten salt in the first heating unit 51 is heated to form bubbles, the first valve 10 can be opened to discharge the water vapor in the molten salt to the outlet pipe 12, thereby reducing the vibration of the first heating unit 51 and the second heating unit 52; when the upper part of the heating tube group 6 of the first heating unit 51 is locally overheated due to uneven flow resistance, the second valve 11 can be opened to reduce the local overheating of the heating tube group 6; when the first heating unit 51 and the second heating unit 52 are operating normally, the second valve 11 can be kept in a normally open state, and the first valve 10 can be kept in a closed state.
  • the power supply device includes a power supply 1 and a supercapacitor storage device 2 connected to the power supply 1; wherein the supercapacitor storage device 2 is provided with an input control device 21 and an output control device 22; the supercapacitor storage device 2 is electrically connected to the power regulating cabinet 3.
  • the power supply device in this embodiment includes a power supply 1 and a super capacitor storage device 2 connected to the power supply 1; the super capacitor storage device 2 is an electrical component that can perform short-time discharge and short-time power storage functions, and the super capacitor storage device 2 is provided with an input control device 21 and an output control device 22. As shown in FIG3, the power supply 1, the super capacitor storage device 21 and the output control device 22 are connected to the power supply 1.
  • the power regulating cabinet 3 of the storage device 2 in the capacitor is connected to the molten salt electric heating unit through a circuit connection 4, wherein the input control device 21 and the output control device 22 can adjust the power of the molten salt electric heating unit according to the required power of the molten salt electric heating unit.
  • the heating tube group 6 in the open state needs to be closed, wherein the supercapacitor storage device 2 plays a short-time discharge function; when the power of the molten salt electric heating unit needs to be increased, the heating tube group 6 in the closed state is opened according to the power demand, and the supercapacitor storage device 2 plays a short-time power storage function.
  • a second aspect of the present disclosure proposes an operation method of a molten salt electric heater adapted to grid frequency modulation, operating the molten salt electric heater in any of the above embodiments, characterized in that the molten salt electric heater includes a preheating mode and an operating mode;
  • the working mode includes: a power-constant stage of the molten salt electric heating unit, in which the power supply 1 provides stable electric energy to the power regulating cabinet 3, and the power regulating cabinet 3 controls the second heating unit 52 and part of the heating tube group 6 in the first heating unit 51 to turn on and reach the required electric power; a power-variable stage of the molten salt electric heating unit, in which the supercapacitor storage device 2 plays a short-term power storage function or a discharge function, and turns on or off part of the heating tube group 6 in the second heating unit 52 and the first heating unit 51 according to the power of the molten salt electric heating unit.
  • the molten salt electric heater adapted to grid frequency modulation in FIG. 3 is taken as an example, wherein the power supply 1, the supercapacitor storage device 2, and the power adjustment cabinet 33 are connected in sequence through the circuit connection 4; wherein the supercapacitor storage device 2 is provided with an input control device 21 and an output control device 22.
  • the molten salt electric heating unit in this embodiment includes a first heating unit 51 and a second heating unit 52, and the power adjustment cabinet 3 is electrically connected to the first heating unit 51 and the second heating unit 52 through the circuit connection line;
  • the second heating unit 52 includes three flow areas Q1, Q2 and Q3, wherein two heating tube groups 6 with rated powers of P1 and P2 are arranged in the Q1 flow area; the heating tube groups 6 with rated power of P3 are arranged in the Q3 and Q2 flow areas;
  • the first heating unit 51 includes S1, S2, S3...S n flow areas, and a heating tube group 6 with rated power of P3 is arranged in each flow area.
  • the bypass pipe 8 is arranged above the first heating unit 51, and the bypass pipe 8 is connected to the outlet pipe 12 through the first valve 10 and connected to the intermediate connecting pipe 9 through the second valve 11.
  • the molten salt electric heating unit operates in the following manner: in the preheating mode, only the heating tube groups 6 in the Q3 zone and the Sn zone are turned on. If the electric heating power of the heating tube group 6 in the Sn zone is insufficient, the heating tube group 6 in the Sn -1 zone can be turned on, and so on.
  • the heating tube groups 6 in the Q3 zone and the Sn zone are first turned off, and the power supply 1 provides stable electric energy for the power regulating cabinet 3.
  • the power regulating cabinet 3 controls a part of the heating tube groups 6 in the first heating unit 51 and the second heating unit 52 to turn on, and the other heating tube groups 6 do not work.
  • the output current of the power regulating cabinet 3 is a stable and continuous sine wave, and the storage device 2 in the supercapacitor does not play the power storage function; the heating tube group 6 converts electric energy into heat, and the low-temperature molten salt flows into the first heating unit 51 from the inlet pipe 7, and after absorbing heat and heating, it flows into the second heating unit 52 from the middle connecting pipe 9 to continue absorbing heat and heating, and finally flows out from the outlet pipe 12.
  • the closed heating tube group 6 is turned on according to the power demand.
  • the heating tube group 6 is turned on in a top-down order, that is, when all the heating tube groups 6 above the heating tube group 6 are in the turned-on state, the heating tube group 6 is turned on.
  • the supercapacitor storage device 2 plays a short-term power storage function, and part of the electric energy provided by the power supply 1 is absorbed by the supercapacitor storage device 2.
  • the proportion decreases over time, and the remaining electric energy is absorbed by the newly turned-on heating tube.
  • Group 6 absorbs, and the proportion increases with time from low to high, and the power of this part of the heating tube group 6 gradually increases to avoid step power increase.
  • the heating tube group 6 in the open state is closed according to the power demand, and the heating tube group 6 is closed in a bottom-up order, that is, when all the heating tube groups 6 below the heating tube group 6 are in the closed state, the heating tube group 6 is closed.
  • the supercapacitor storage device 2 plays a short-time discharge function, and the electric energy provided by the power supply 1 and the supercapacitor storage device 2 is all absorbed by the heating tube group 6, and the power of the closed electric heating tube is gradually reduced.
  • the first valve 10 when water in the molten salt is heated to form bubbles, the first valve 10 is opened to discharge the water vapor to the output end of the second heating unit 52; and when the upper part of the heating tube group 6 in the first heating unit 51 is locally overheated due to uneven flow resistance, the second valve 11 is opened, and when the first heating unit 51 operates normally, the second valve 11 is kept normally open.
  • the first valve 10 when the moisture in the molten salt in the first heating unit 51 is heated to form bubbles, the first valve 10 can be opened to discharge the water vapor in the molten salt to the outlet pipe 12, thereby reducing the vibration of the first heating unit 51 and the second heating unit 52; when the upper part of the heating tube group 6 of the first heating unit 51 is locally overheated due to uneven flow resistance, the second valve 11 can be opened to reduce the local overheating of the heating tube group 6; when the first heating unit 51 and the second heating unit 52 are operating normally, the second valve 11 can be kept in a normally open state.
  • the molten salt electric heater and operation method adapted to grid frequency modulation proposed in the present disclosure effectively solve the problem that the power modulation mode of the existing molten salt electric heater is not adapted to grid frequency modulation.
  • the current of the molten salt electric heater can maintain a continuous and stable waveform, and the frequency modulation quality is high.
  • the power of the heating tube group 6 can also be slowly increased or decreased, which can ensure the current stability of the molten salt electric heater during normal operation and extend the service life of the heating tube group 6.
  • the arrangement structure of the heating tube group 6 in the first heating unit 51 and the second heating unit 52 disclosed in the disclosure can improve the stability of the outlet temperature of the molten salt electric heater during the frequency modulation process.
  • Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code that includes one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a specific logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure includes alternative implementations in which functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present disclosure belong.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

提出了适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器，包括：供电装置，用于对熔盐电加热单元提供电能；以及熔盐电加热单元，其通过调功柜（3）与供电装置电连接；熔盐电加热单元包括至少一个第一加热单元（51）和一个第二加热单元（52），用于将电能转化为热能加热熔盐；根据熔盐流动方向，熔盐由下到上依次经过第一加热单元（51）和第二加热单元（52）；其中第一加热单元（51）和第二加热单元（52）中均布设多个独立的加热管组（6）。

Description

适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器和运行方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为202310210580.6、申请日为2023年03月06日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及电网调频技术领域，尤其涉及适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器和运行方法。
背景技术
调频是维持电网安全运行的重要手段，主要分为一次调频和二次调频，现阶段电网调频基本依靠发电机组完成，调节速率和质量差异较大。目前风能、太阳能等可再生能源逐年迅猛发展，加之全社会用电量逐年攀升，电网用电峰谷差日益增大，电网对低成本、长寿命储能技术的需求越来越强。；而熔盐储热技术可以将电能转化为热能进行储存，具有平均成本低、使用寿命长、清洁无污染的优势，是未来应对新能源发展的主要储能手段之一。
利用熔盐储热技术进行电网调频是一种新兴技术，具有成本低、使用寿命长、精确度高的优点，其核心是将电加热器作为可控负载进行精准控制。现有熔盐电加热器的调功方式一般分为相位控制和零位控制两种，相位控制是指可控硅在每个周波内完成通断，根据通断时间确定输出功率，该模式下调功器输出功率稳定、但会产生大量谐波，零位控制是控制周波的通断数量以调整输出功率，避免了周波影响、但是会导致电流阶跃不稳定。基于IGBT技术的变流器也可以调节负载功率，但是价格高昂。因此，开发适用于电网调频的熔盐电加热器以及控制方法具有巨大的应用前景。
发明内容
根据本公开的第一个方面提出了一种适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器，包括：
供电装置，用于对熔盐电加热单元提供电能；以及
所述熔盐电加热单元，其通过调功柜与所述供电装置电连接；所述熔盐电加热单元包括至少一个第一加热单元和一个第二加热单元，用于将电能转化为热能加热熔盐；根据熔盐流动方向，熔盐由下到上依次经过所述第一加热单元和所述第二加热单元；其中所述第一加热单元和所述第二加热单元中均布设多个独立的加热管组。
在一些实施例中，所述第二加热单元中多个所述加热管组分布在三个或四个利用隔板间隔开来的流区内，且每个所述流区内至少包括一个所述加热管组，熔盐依次经过各所述流区；其中熔盐最后流经的所述流区内包括功率分别为P1和P2的两个所述加热管组；其余所述流区内所述加热管组的功率均为P3；其中P1＜P2＜P3。
在一些实施例中，在所述第二加热单元中，熔盐首先经过的所述流区位于熔盐最后流经的所述流区的下方。
在一些实施例中，所述第一加热单元包括在上下方向上排列且横截面积相同的N个流通区；每个所述流通区内至少包括一个功率均为P3的加热管组；熔盐由下到上依次经过各所述流通区中。
在一些实施例中，所述熔盐电加热单元还包括旁通管道，所述旁通管道设置在与所述第二加热单元连接的所述第一加热单元的上方，且包括第一输出端和第二输出端；所述第一输出端与该所述第一加热单元的一个输出端连通；所述第二输出端与所述第二加热单元的输出端连通；所述旁通管道的输入端与所述第一加热单元的另一输出端连通。
在一些实施例中，所述第一输出端与所述第一加热单元的一个输出端之间设置有第二阀门；第二输出端与所述第二加热单元的输出端之间设置有第一阀门。
在一些实施例中，所述供电装置包括电源和与所述电源连接的超级电容中储装置；其中所述超级电容中储装置中设有输入控制装置和输出控制装置；所述超级电容中储装置与所述调功柜电连接。
在一些实施例中，本公开的第二个方面提出了一种适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器的运行方法，运行上述任一实施例中所述的熔盐电加热器，所述熔盐电加热器包括预热模式和工作模式；
预热模式下：只打开第二加热单元和第一加热单元中熔盐最先经过的一个流区和一个流通区；在所述流通区内的加热管组功率不足时，打开相邻的所述流通区内的加热管组；
在工作模式下包括：熔盐电加热单元的功率不变阶段，电源为调功柜提供稳定电能，所述调功柜控制第二加热单元和第一加热单元中部分所述加热管组开启，并达到所需电功率；所述熔盐电加热单元的功率可变阶段，超级电容中储装置发挥短时储电功能或放电功能，开启或关闭所述第二加热单元和所述第一加热单元中部分的所述加热管组。
在一些实施例中，所述第二加热单元和所述第一加热单元中，所述加热管组的开启方法为自上向下；所述加热管组的关闭方法为自下向上。
在一些实施例中，当熔盐中水分受热形成气泡时，打开第一阀门，将水蒸气排出至所述第二加热单元的输出端；而所述第一加热单元中所述加热管组上部，因流动阻力不均导致局部过热时打开第二阀门，并在所述第一加热单元正常运行时，保持第二阀门常开状态。
本公开附加的方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本公开的实践了解到。
附图说明
本公开上述的和/或附加的方面和优点从下面结合附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本公开一实施例提出的适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器的结构示意图；
图2是本公开一实施例提出的适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器的结构示意图；
图3是本公开一实施例提出的适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器的结构示意图；
图4是本公开一实施例提出的第一加热单元和一个第二加热单元的横截面示意图；
图5是图4的另一示意图；
图中，1、电源；2、超级电容中储装置；21、输入控制装置；22、输出控制装置；3、调功柜；4、电路接线；51、第一加热单元；52、第二加热单元；6、加热管组；7、入口管道；8、旁通管道；9、中间连通管道；10、第一阀门；11、第二阀门；12、出口管道；13、隔板。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本公开的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本公开，而不能理解为对本公开的限制。相反，本公开的实施例包括落入所附加权利要求书的精神和内涵范围内的所有变化、修改和等同物。
本公开旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本公开的目的在于提出适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器和运行方法，通过改进熔盐电加热器内电热管的布置方式，并结合运行方法能保证熔盐电加热器在正常工作时电流稳定、且在启动过程中电流缓慢升高，提高调频质量的同时延长了电阻丝使用寿命，解决现有熔盐电加热器用于电网调频时波动大、影响使用寿命的技术问题。
为达到上述目的，根据本公开的第一个方面提出了一种适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器，包括供电装置和熔盐电加热单元；其中供电装置用于对熔盐电加热单元提供电能，熔盐电加热单元将电能转化为一定功率的热能，可对熔盐进行加热。
本实施例中的熔盐电加热单元通过调功柜3与供电装置电连接；熔盐电加热单元包括至少一个第一加热单元51和一个第二加热单元52；根据熔盐由下到上的流动方向，熔盐经过至少一个第一加热单元51加热后，最后通过第二加热单元52流出；其中第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52中均布设多个独立的加热管组6。
其中，供电装置与调功柜3通过电路接线4实现电连接，而熔盐电加热单元包括至少一个第一加热单元51和一个第二加热单元52，其中调功柜3通过电路接线4分别与至少一个第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52连接，且根据熔盐流动方向，熔盐先经过至少一个第一加热单元51加热，最后通过第二加热单元52流出。换言之，熔盐电加热单元包括一个、两个或多个第一加热单元51和一个第二加热单元52，且根据熔盐流动方向，低温的熔盐先经过全部的第一加热单元51加热后，再最后通过第二加热单元52流出。在一些方案中，第一加热单元51位于第二加热单元52的下方，即熔盐流通方向为由下到上流通的在每个加热单元中，熔盐自下向上流动，流程上先流经第一加热单元，再流经第二加热单元。
示例的如图1所示，而熔盐电加热单元包括一个第一加热单元51和一个第二加热单元52，其中调功柜3通过电路接线4分别与第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52连接。第一加热单元51包括入口管道7，熔盐通过入口管道7进入第一加热单元51中由下至上流动，经过加热后的熔盐进入第二加热单元52，并经过第二加热单元52上方的出口管道12流出。可知的，在一些方案中，如图2所示，而熔盐电加热单元包括两个第一加热单元51和一个 第二加热单元52，其中调功柜3通过电路接线4分别与两个第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52连接；其中两个第一加热单元51和一个第二加热单元52依次排列并串联。熔盐通过一个第一加热单元51后进入与其相连的另一个第一加热单元51，最后通入第二加热单元52加热后流出。
在本实施例中，第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52中均布设多个独立的加热管组6；换言之，每一第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52中均包括多个加热管组6，其中独立的加热管组6为开关可独立控制的结构，其通过调功柜3的控制，实现模块化分区加热熔盐。优选的；且第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52中加热管组6的总功率可设置为基本相同，便于工厂加工、配电柜采购，可以降低成本。
在一些实施例中，第二加热单元52中多个加热管组6分布在三个或四个利用隔板13间隔开来的流区内，且每个流区内至少包括一个加热管组6；进入第二加热单元52中的熔盐依次经过各流区，并经最后的流区流出；其中熔盐最后流经的流区内包括功率分别为P1和P2的两个加热管组6；其余流区内加热管组6的功率均为P3；其中P1＜P2＜P3。
其中，第二加热单元52和第一加热单元51均可理解为电加热器，其中电加热器包括空心的壳体，壳体内布设加热管组6，而壳体的形状为多种，本实施例以圆柱形结构为例进行描述。壳体被轴向隔板13划分为三个或四个流区；其中每个流区内至少包括一个加热管组6，且一个加热管组6只分布在一个流区内。一个加热管组6对应的额定功率分别为P1、P2或P3，其中P1＜P2＜P3，通过控制电功率分别为P1、P2和P3的多个加热管组6的开启和关闭，可以灵活调整熔盐电加热器的功率精度。进入第二加热单元52中的熔盐依次经过各流区，并经最后的流区流出，而功率为分别为P1和P2的两个加热管组6共同设置在熔盐最后流经的流区内，其余流区内均设置功率均为P3的加热管组6。
示例的如图4所示，壳体被轴向隔板13划分为Q1、Q2和Q3三个流区，从壳体的横截面处可知Q1、Q2左右对称、Q3在Q1和Q2下方，熔盐依次经过Q3、Q2、Q1，Q1上设置有出口管道12，其中Q1流区内设置额定功率分别为P1和P2的两个加热管组6；Q3、Q2流区内均设置额定功率为P3的加热管组6。再例如图5所示，壳体被轴向隔板13划分为Q1、Q2、Q3和Q4四个流区，从壳体的横截面处观察，截面方向看Q1、Q2左右对称、Q3、Q4左右对称并位于Q1和Q2的下方。其中熔盐依次经过Q4、Q3、Q2、Q1；而Q1流区内设置额定功率分别为P1和P2的两个加热管组6；Q4、Q3和Q2流区内均设置额定功率为P3的加热管组6。
在一些实施例中，第二加热单元52中，熔盐首先经过的流区位于熔盐最后经过的流区的下方。
其中，在第二加热单元52中，三个或四个流区可为上下方位进行排列，其中熔盐先经过下方的流区后，再进入上方的流区。示例的如图4所示，Q1、Q2左右对称、Q3在下方，熔盐依次经过Q3、Q2、Q1；再例如图5所示Q1、Q2左右对称、Q3、Q4左右对称并位于Q1、Q2的下方，熔盐依次经过Q4、Q3、Q2、Q1。
在一些实施例中，第一加热单元51中多个加热管组6分布在面积相同的N个流通区内，且每个流通区内至少包括一个功率均为P3的加热管组6；N个流通区在上下方向上排列，进 入第一加热单元51中的熔盐由下到上依次经过各流通区，并经最顶部的流通区加热后进入第二加热单元52中。
其中，第一加热单元51中包括N个在上下方向上依次排列流通区,其中流通区的截面面积相同，且每一个流通区内至少包括一个功率均为P3的加热管组6，进入第一加热单元51中的熔盐由下到上依次经过各流通区，并经最顶部的流通区加热后进入第二加热单元52中。示例的如图4和图5所示，第一加热单元51中包括可理解为电加热器，其中电加热器包括空心的壳体，壳体内布设加热管组6，其中壳体的形状为多种，本实施例以圆柱形结构为例进行描述。壳体内从上到下被分成横截面积相等的S1、S2、S3……Sn区，相邻流通区之间无实物隔档，进入的熔盐从低处的Sn区向高处的S1区流动。其中本实施例中，Sn处设置入口管道7，且在S1区通过管道与第二加热单元52连通。
在一些实施例中，熔盐电加热单元还包括旁路输送单元；旁路输送单元包括旁通管道8；旁通管道8设置在与第二加热单元52连接的第一加热单元51的上方，且包括第一输出端和第二输出端；第一输出端与该第一加热单元51的一个输出端连通；第二输出端与第二加热单元的输出端连通；旁通管道8的输入端与第一加热单元51的另一输出端连通。
其中，第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52通过中间连通管道9连接，示例的如图4所示，第一加热单元51包括横截面积相等的S1、S2、S3……Sn区，第二加热单元52包括Q1、Q2和Q3三个流区，其中Sn处设置入口管道7，且在S1区通过中间连通管道9与Q3流区连接，而Q1上设置出口管道12，从而实现熔盐依次经过Sn…S1，然后通过中间连通管道9后经过第二加热单元52最后由Q1上的出口管道12流出。
本实施例中，旁路输送单元包括旁通管道8，其中旁通管道8位于最上方的第一加热单元51的上方，即旁通管道8设置在第二加热单元52和第一加热单元51之间。其中旁通管道8包括两个输出端，即第一输出端和第二输出端；其中第一输出端与第一加热单元51的一个输出端连通，并在两者之间设置第二阀门11；第二输出端与第二加热单元52的输出端连通并在两者之间设置第一阀门10；旁通管道8的输入端与第一加热单元51的另一个输出端连通。
其中当第一加热单元51内熔盐中的水分受热形成气泡时，可通过打开第一阀门10，将熔盐中的水蒸气排出至出口管道12，减缓第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52的振动；当第一加热单元51的加热管组6上部因流动阻力不均导致局部过热时，可通过打开第二阀门11，降低加热管组6局部过热情况；当第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52正常运行时，第二阀门11可以保持常开状态，第一阀门10保持关闭状态。
在一些实施例中，供电装置包括电源1和与电源1连接的超级电容中储装置2；其中超级电容中储装置2中设有输入控制装置21和输出控制装置22；超级电容中储装置2与调功柜3电连接。
其中，本实施例中的供电装置包括电源1和与电源1连接的超级电容中储装置2；其中超级电容中储装置2为可以发挥短时放电功能和短时储电功能的电器元件，其中超级电容中储装置2中设有输入控制装置21和输出控制装置22。示例的如图3所示，电源1、超级电 容中储装置2调功柜3和熔盐电加热单元之间通过电路接线4连接，其中输入控制装置21和输出控制装置22可根据熔盐电加热单元的所需功率，对熔盐电加热单元的功率进行调控。例如熔盐电加热单元的功率需要降低时，则需要关闭处于开启状态的加热管组6，其中超级电容中储装置2发挥短时放电功能；熔盐电加热单元的功率需要升高时，根据功率需求开启处于关闭状态的加热管组6，超级电容中储装置2发挥短时储电功能。
在一些实施例中，本公开的第二个方面提出了一种适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器的运行方法，运行上述任一实施例中的熔盐电加热器，其特征在于，熔盐电加热器包括预热模式和工作模式；
预热模式下：只打开第二加热单元52和第一加热单元51中熔盐最先经过的一个流区和一个流通区；在流通区内的加热管组6功率不足时，打开相邻的流通区；
在工作模式下包括：熔盐电加热单元的功率不变阶段，其中电源1为调功柜3提供稳定电能，调功柜3控制第二加热单元52和第一加热单元51中部分加热管组6开启，并达到所需电功率；熔盐电加热单元的功率可变阶段，超级电容中储装置2发挥短时储电功能或放电功能，并根据熔盐电加热单元的功率，开启或关闭第二加热单元52和第一加热单元51中的部分加热管组6。
本实施例中以图3中的适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器为例，其中电源1、超级电容中储装置2、调功柜33之间依次通过电路接线4连接；其中超级电容中储装置2中设有输入控制装置21和输出控制装置22。本实施例中的熔盐电加热单元包括一个第一加热单元51和一个第二加热单元52，调功柜3通过电路连接线分别与第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52电连接；第二加热单元52包括Q1、Q2和Q3三个流区，其中Q1流区内设置额定功率分别为P1和P2的两个加热管组6；Q3、Q2流区内均设置额定功率为P3的加热管组6；第一加热单元51包括S1、S2、S3……Sn流通区，每个流通区内设置一个额定功率为P3的加热管组6。旁通管道8设置在第一加热单元51的上方，旁通管道8通过第一阀门10与出口管道12连接并通过第二阀门11与中间连通管道9连接。
熔盐电加热单元按照以下方法运行：在预热模式下，只打开Q3区和Sn区内的加热管组6，若Sn区内加热管组6的电加热功率不足，可打开Sn-1区内的加热管组6，以此类推。
熔盐电加热单元在正常工作模式下其电功率不变时，先关闭Q3区和Sn区内的加热管组6，电源1为调功柜3提供稳定电能，调功柜3控制第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52器中一部分的加热管组6开启，其余加热管组6不工作，达到所需电功率后，调功柜3输出电流为稳定连续的正弦波，超级电容中储装置2不发挥储电功能；加热管组6将电能转化为热量，低温熔盐从入口管道7流入第一加热单元51，经过吸热升温后从中间连通管道9流入第二加热单元52器继续吸热升温，并最终从出口管道12流出。
当熔盐电加热单元的功率需要升高时，根据功率需求开启处于关闭状态的加热管组6，开启加热管组6时按照自上向下的顺序，即该加热管组6上方所有加热管组6都处于开启状态时，才开启该加热管组6。此时，超级电容中储装置2发挥短时储电功能，电源1提供的电能部分被超级电容中储装置2吸收，该占比随时间由高到低，剩余电能被新开启的加热管 组6吸收，该占比随时间由低到高，该部分加热管组6的功率逐渐升高，避免阶跃性功率提升。
当熔盐电加热器功率需要降低时，根据功率需求关闭处于开启状态的加热管组6，关闭加热管组6时按照自下向上的顺序，即该加热管组6下方所有加热管组6都处于关闭状态时，才关闭该加热管组6。此时，超级电容中储装置2发挥短时放电功能，电源1和超级电容中储装置2提供的电能全部被加热管组6吸收，被关闭的电加热管功率逐渐降低。
在一些实施例中，当熔盐中水分受热形成气泡时，打开第一阀门10，将水蒸气排出至第二加热单元52的输出端；而第一加热单元51中加热管组6上部因流动阻力不均导致局部过热时，打开第二阀门11，并在第一加热单元51正常运行时，保持第二阀门11常开状态。
其中，当第一加热单元51内熔盐中的水分受热形成气泡时，可通过打开第一阀门10，将熔盐中的水蒸气排出至出口管道12，减缓第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52的振动；当第一加热单元51的加热管组6上部因流动阻力不均导致局部过热时，可通过打开第二阀门11，降低加热管组6局部过热情况；当第一加热单元51和第二加热单元52正常运行时，第二阀门11可以保持常开状态。
本公开提出的适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器和运行方法，有效解决了现有熔盐电加热器调功模式不适应电网调频的问题，通过本公开提出的运行方法，熔盐电加热器的电流可以保持连续稳定的波形，调频品质高，其中加热管组6的功率也能实现缓慢提升或降低，能保证熔盐电加热器在正常工作时电流稳定，同时延长了加热管组6的使用寿命。且公开中第一加热单元51和一个第二加热单元52内加热管组6的布置结构，能提高调频过程中熔盐电加热器出口温度的稳定性。
需要说明的是，在本公开的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。此外，在本公开的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
流程图中或在此以其他方式描述的任何过程或方法描述可以被理解为，表示包括一个或更多个用于实现特定逻辑功能或过程的步骤的可执行指令的代码的模块、片段或部分，并且本公开的优选实施方式的范围包括另外的实现，其中可以不按所示出或讨论的顺序，包括根据所涉及的功能按基本同时的方式或按相反的顺序，来执行功能，这应被本公开的实施例所属技术领域的技术人员所理解。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本公开的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本公开的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (10)

  1. 适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器，包括：
    供电装置，用于对熔盐电加热单元提供电能；以及
    所述熔盐电加热单元，其通过调功柜与所述供电装置电连接；所述熔盐电加热单元包括至少一个第一加热单元和一个第二加热单元，用于将电能转化为热能加热熔盐；根据熔盐流动方向，熔盐由下到上依次经过所述第一加热单元和所述第二加热单元；其中所述第一加热单元和所述第二加热单元中均布设多个独立的加热管组。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的熔盐电加热器，其中，所述第二加热单元中多个所述加热管组分布在三个或四个利用隔板间隔开来的流区内，且每个所述流区内至少包括一个所述加热管组，熔盐依次经过各所述流区；其中熔盐最后流经的所述流区内包括功率分别为P1和P2的两个所述加热管组；其余所述流区内所述加热管组的功率均为P3；其中P1＜P2＜P3。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的熔盐电加热器，其中，在所述第二加热单元中，熔盐首先经过的所述流区位于熔盐最后流经的所述流区的下方。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一所述的熔盐电加热器，其中，所述第一加热单元包括在上下方向上排列且横截面积相同的N个流通区；每个所述流通区内至少包括一个功率均为P3的加热管组；熔盐由下到上依次经过各所述流通区。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的熔盐电加热器，其中，所述熔盐电加热单元还包括旁通管道，所述旁通管道设置在与所述第二加热单元连接的所述第一加热单元的上方，且包括第一输出端和第二输出端；所述第一输出端与该所述第一加热单元的一个输出端连通；所述第二输出端与所述第二加热单元的输出端连通；所述旁通管道的输入端与所述第一加热单元的另一输出端连通。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的熔盐电加热器，其中，所述第一输出端与所述第一加热单元的一个输出端之间设置有第二阀门；第二输出端与所述第二加热单元的输出端之间设置有第一阀门。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的熔盐电加热器，其中，所述供电装置包括电源和与所述电源连接的超级电容中储装置；其中所述超级电容中储装置中设有输入控制装置和输出控制装置；所述超级电容中储装置与所述调功柜电连接。
  8. 一种适应电网调频的熔盐电加热器的运行方法，运行权利要求1-7中任一所述的熔盐电加热器，其中，所述熔盐电加热器包括预热模式和工作模式；
    预热模式下：只打开第二加热单元和第一加热单元中熔盐最先经过的一个流区和一个流通区；在所述流通区内的加热管组功率不足时，打开相邻的所述流通区内的加热管组；
    在工作模式下包括：熔盐电加热单元的功率不变阶段，电源为调功柜提供稳定电能，所述调功柜控制第二加热单元和第一加热单元中部分所述加热管组开启，并达到所需电功率；所述熔盐电加热单元的功率可变阶段，超级电容中储装置发挥短时储电功能或放电功能，开启或关闭所述第二加热单元和所述第一加热单元中部分的所述加热管组。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的运行方法，其中，所述第二加热单元和所述第一加热单元中，所述加热管组的开启方法为自上向下；所述加热管组的关闭方法为自下向上。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的运行方法，其中，当熔盐中水分受热形成气泡时，打开第一阀门，将水蒸气排出至所述第二加热单元的输出端；而所述第一加热单元中所述加热管组上部，因流动阻力不均导致局部过热时打开第二阀门，并在所述第一加热单元正常运行时，保持第二阀门常开状态。
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