WO2024174273A1 - Freshwater fish overwintering feed as well as use and slow-sinking feed thereof - Google Patents

Freshwater fish overwintering feed as well as use and slow-sinking feed thereof Download PDF

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WO2024174273A1
WO2024174273A1 PCT/CN2023/078364 CN2023078364W WO2024174273A1 WO 2024174273 A1 WO2024174273 A1 WO 2024174273A1 CN 2023078364 W CN2023078364 W CN 2023078364W WO 2024174273 A1 WO2024174273 A1 WO 2024174273A1
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parts
fish
feed
meal
slow
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PCT/CN2023/078364
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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米海峰
张璐
滕涛
张高明
陈文典
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通威农业发展有限公司
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Priority to ZA2023/04436A priority Critical patent/ZA202304436B/en
Publication of WO2024174273A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024174273A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A23K20/132—Heterocyclic compounds containing only one nitrogen as hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/189—Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture feed preparation, and in particular to a freshwater fish wintering feed and application thereof and a slow-sinking feed.
  • the nutritional level is low and the digestibility is insufficient, which cannot meet the nutritional needs of freshwater fish in winter; b.
  • the saturated fatty acid content in the added oil is too high, which is not conducive to the wintering of fish and cell membrane flow; c.
  • the amount of high-digestibility high-quality protein source raw materials added is insufficient, and the activity of amylase and lipase in fish is inhibited in winter. No exogenous enzyme preparations are added to compensate and strengthen it.
  • the fish's digestion and absorption rate of starch and fat is insufficient, resulting in insufficient immunity; d.
  • the existing floating feed or sinking feed process is not suitable for fish feeding in winter.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a freshwater fish wintering feed and its application and slow-sinking feed to solve the problem of low nutritional performance and immune performance of existing freshwater fish wintering feed.
  • a freshwater fish wintering feed comprising the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of fish meal, 4-6 parts of chicken meal, 18-25 parts of soybean meal, 8-12 parts of 200 type rapeseed meal, 4-6 parts of DDGS, 17-20 parts of wheat, 8-12 parts of bran, 1.5-2.5 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of fish oil, 18-22 parts of rice bran, 1.4-1.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-0.4 parts of 98.5% lysine, 0.1-0.2 parts of methionine, 0.05-0.15 parts of mildew inhibitor, 0.03-0.06 parts of antioxidant, 0.2-0.3 parts of omnivorous premix and 0.1-0.2 parts of complex enzyme preparation.
  • winter fish feeding can enhance physical fitness, promote weight gain and improve winter survival rate, the weight of fish that are not fed decreases significantly, the intestinal filling degree of fish gradually increases from the foregut to the mid-gut and hindgut during the wintering period (water temperature ⁇ 5°C), the intestinal contents composition and filling degree of different fish in different wintering water bodies vary greatly, and the intestinal filling degree can mostly reach level 3-4.
  • the lower temperature during the wintering period changes the metabolic level of fish, and the bait conversion rate is very low. Therefore, it is necessary to feed reasonably in winter, and it is necessary to strengthen the feeding attractant of the feed, which is beneficial to fish feeding and digestion and absorption, and is beneficial to the blood circulation of fish in the low temperature period and low temperature stress resistance.
  • the composition of fatty acids in winter diets needs special attention.
  • the content of unsaturated fatty acids increases during winter.
  • n-3PUFA especially the content of EPA and DHA
  • the accumulation of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids in fish bodies increases before winter, which is beneficial for wintering.
  • a mixture of soybean oil and fish oil (1:1) can promote fat metabolism, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increase the transcriptional expression of HSP70mRNA, adjust the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in fish bodies, and help improve the ability to resist low temperature stress. Since the type of fatty acids on the cell membrane will gradually change with the type of dietary fat, the ideal use time of winter diets is one month before stopping feeding. Less than half a month will not effectively change the existing fatty acid type on the cell membrane.
  • Vitamins as coenzymes or cofactors of various enzymes, have a great impact on fish immunity and cold resistance.
  • fish have a low ability to synthesize various vitamins, such as VB, VC, VE, etc.
  • Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body.
  • trace elements are the active centers of antioxidant enzymes, such as Zn and Cu. Adding multivitamins and multiminerals plays a vital role in effectively inhibiting lipid peroxidation and removing free radicals in the body.
  • the wintering feed of the present invention is more suitable for the feeding habits of fish in winter, and the use of high-digestibility high-quality protein raw materials and high-unsaturated fatty acid raw materials can improve the immunity of fish in winter and safely overwinter.
  • the wintering feed of the present invention in addition to meeting basic physiological metabolism, it can have an optimal growth rate, which has obvious advantages over existing products on the market.
  • the present invention can also be improved as follows:
  • the wintering feed for freshwater fish includes the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of chicken meal, 20 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of 200 type rapeseed meal, 6 parts of DDGS, 19 parts of wheat, 9 parts of bran, 2.25 parts of soybean oil, 2.25 parts of fish oil, 20 parts of rice bran, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 parts of 98.5% lysine, 0.15 parts of methionine, 0.1 parts of mildew inhibitor, 0.05 parts of antioxidant, 0.25 parts of omnivorous premix and 0.15 parts of complex enzyme preparation.
  • the omnivorous premix is composed of the following components in parts by weight: VA 0.01-0.03 parts, VB1 0.01-0.03 parts, VB2 0.02-0.04 parts, VB6 0.02-0.03 parts, VB12 0.03-0.05 parts, VC 0.2-0.4 parts, VD3 0.01-0.03 parts, VE 0.05-0.15 parts, VK3 0.005-0.015 parts, niacin 0.05-0.1 parts, calcium pantothenate 0.03-0.05 parts, folic acid 0.005-0.015, biotin 0.4-0.6 parts and compound multi-mineral 0.01-0.03 parts.
  • the omnivorous premix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.02 parts of VA, 0.02 parts of VB1, 0.03 parts of VB2, 0.03 parts of VB6, 0.04 parts of VB12, 0.3 parts of VC, 0.02 parts of VD3, 0.1 parts of VE, 0.01 parts of VK3, 0.08 parts of niacin, 0.04 parts of calcium pantothenate, 0.01 parts of folic acid, 0.5 parts of biotin and 0.02 parts of complex multi-mineral.
  • the composite multi-mineral is a mixture of chromium picolinate, manganese glycinate, glycinate chelated iron, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate.
  • the mass ratio of chromium picolinate, manganese glycinate, glycine chelated iron, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate is 1:1-3:1-3:1-4:1.
  • the mass ratio of chromium picolinate, manganese glycinate, glycine chelated iron, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate is 1:1:1:1:1.
  • the composite enzyme preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.4-0.6 parts of amylase and 0.4-0.6 parts of lipase.
  • the complex enzyme preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 parts of amylase and 0.5 parts of lipase.
  • the present invention also provides application of the above-mentioned freshwater fish wintering feed in the preparation of slow-sinking feed.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing a slow-sinking material, comprising the following steps: mixing and ultrafine grinding the above-mentioned freshwater fish wintering material, inputting it into a double-shaft paddle puffing and tempering chamber, tempering it for 200-220 seconds, cutting the base material into short pieces after extrusion, cooling it and vacuum-spraying it with oil to obtain the slow-sinking material.
  • the tempering parameters are: the moisture content of the tempering material is 25-30%, the steam pressure is 0.3-0.4Mpa, the screw speed is 200-250rpm, the humidity is 25-30%, and the temperature is 131-135°C.
  • the expansion rate of the slow-settling material is 1.25-1.4, and the bulk density is 510-550 g/L.
  • the nutritional level can meet the nutritional needs of freshwater fish in winter.
  • the saturated fatty acid content is higher, which helps fish survive the winter and cell membrane flow.
  • a high proportion of high-digestibility high-quality protein source raw materials helps digestion and absorption, and a high proportion of multi-vitamins, multi-minerals and enzyme preparations helps enhance immunity and digestion ability in winter.
  • the slow-sinking material made by ultra-fine grinding has good water resistance, less waste, does not damage water, is well digested and absorbed by fish, and is more suitable for the bottom feeding characteristics of winter fish (black carp, grass carp, catfish, crucian carp and carp, etc.).
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a freshwater fish wintering feed comprising the following components by weight: 5 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of chicken meal, 20 parts of soybean meal, 200 types 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 6 parts of DDGS, 19 parts of wheat, 9 parts of bran, 2.25 parts of soybean oil, 2.25 parts of fish oil, 20 parts of rice bran, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 parts of 98.5% lysine, 0.15 parts of methionine, 0.1 parts of mildew inhibitor, 0.05 parts of antioxidant, 0.25 parts of omnivorous premix and 0.15 parts of complex enzyme preparation.
  • the omnivorous premix is composed of the following components in parts by weight: VA 0.02 parts, VB1 0.02 parts, VB2 0.03 parts, VB6 0.03 parts, VB12 0.04 parts, VC 0.3 parts, VD3 0.02 parts, VE 0.1 parts, VK3 0.01 parts, niacin 0.08 parts, calcium pantothenate 0.04 parts, folic acid 0.01 parts, biotin 0.5 parts and composite multi-mineral 0.02 parts.
  • the composite multi-mineral is a mixture of chromium picolinate, glycine manganese, glycine chelated iron, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1.
  • the complex enzyme preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 parts of amylase and 0.5 parts of lipase.
  • a preparation method of a slow-sinking material comprises the following steps: mixing and ultrafinely grinding the above-mentioned freshwater fish wintering material, and then inputting the material into a double-shaft paddle expansion and tempering chamber, wherein the tempering parameters are as follows: the moisture content of the tempered material is 28%, the steam pressure is 0.33Mpa, the screw speed is 220rpm, the humidity is 28%, the temperature is 133°C, and the tempering is 210s; after the base material is extruded, the base material is cut into short pieces, cooled, and vacuum-sprayed with oil, so as to obtain a slow-sinking material with an expansion rate of 1.3 and a bulk density of 540g/Ld.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • a wintering feed for freshwater fish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of chicken meal, 18 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of 200-type rapeseed meal, 4 parts of DDGS, 17 parts of wheat, 8 parts of bran, 1.5 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of fish oil, 18 parts of rice bran, 1.4 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 parts of 98.5% lysine, 0.1 parts of methionine, 0.05 parts of mildew inhibitor, 0.03 parts of antioxidant, 0.2 parts of omnivorous premix and 0.1 parts of complex enzyme preparation.
  • the omnivorous premix is composed of the following components in parts by weight: VA 0.01 part, VB1 0.01 part, VB2 0.02 part, VB6 0.02 part, VB12 0.03 part, VC 0.2 part, VD3 0.01 part, VE 0.05 part, VK3 0.005 part, niacin 0.05 part, calcium pantothenate 0.03 part, folic acid 0.005 part, biotin 0.4 part and composite multi-mineral 0.01 part.
  • the composite multi-mineral is a mixture of chromium picolinate, glycine manganese, glycine chelated iron, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:2:2:3:1.
  • the complex enzyme preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.4 parts of amylase and 0.4 parts of lipase.
  • a method for preparing a slow-sinking material comprises the following steps: mixing and ultrafinely grinding the above-mentioned freshwater fish wintering material, and then inputting the material into a double-shaft paddle expansion and tempering chamber, wherein the tempering parameters are as follows: 25% moisture content of the tempered material, 0.3Mpa steam pressure, 200rpm screw speed, 25% humidity, 131°C temperature, and tempering for 200s; after the base material is extruded, it is cut into short pieces, cooled, and vacuum-sprayed with oil to obtain a slow-sinking material with an expansion rate of 1.25 and a bulk density of 510g/Ld.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • a wintering feed for freshwater fish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of chicken meal, 25 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of 200-type rapeseed meal, 6 parts of DDGS, 20 parts of wheat, 12 parts of bran, 2.5 parts of soybean oil, 2.5 parts of fish oil, 22 parts of rice bran, 1.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 parts of 98.5% lysine, 0.2 parts of methionine, 0.15 parts of mildew inhibitor, 0.06 parts of antioxidant, 0.3 parts of omnivorous premix and 0.2 parts of complex enzyme preparation.
  • the omnivorous premix is composed of the following components in parts by weight: VA 0.03 parts, VB1 0.03 parts, VB2 0.04 parts, VB6 0.03 parts, VB12 0.05 parts, VC 0.4 parts, VD3 0.03 parts, VE 0.15 parts, VK3 0.015 parts, niacin 0.1 parts, calcium pantothenate 0.05 parts, folic acid 0.015 parts, biotin 0.6 parts and composite multi-mineral 0.03 parts.
  • the composite multi-mineral is a mixture of chromium picolinate, glycine manganese, glycine chelated iron, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:3:3:4:1.
  • the composite enzyme preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.6 parts of amylase and 0.6 parts of lipase.
  • a method for preparing a slow-sinking material comprises the following steps: inputting the above-mentioned freshwater fish wintering material into a biaxial paddle puffing and tempering chamber, wherein the tempering parameters are as follows: 30% moisture content of the tempered material, 0.4 MPa of steam pressure, 250 rpm of screw speed, 30% humidity, 135°C of temperature, and tempering for 220 seconds; cutting the base material into short pieces after extrusion, cooling the base material, and vacuum-spraying oil to obtain a slow-sinking material with an expansion rate of 1.4 and a bulk density of 550 g/Ld.
  • Example 1 The slow-sinking feed prepared in Example 1 was used to feed black carp (the control group was fed with ordinary feed). The fatness and morbidity of the black carp are shown in Table 1.
  • the fatness is 1.6-1.7% in the early stage, the fatness is significantly improved after the spring proofing in the pond using the fish wintering feed, indicating that the wintering feed of the present invention has obvious effects on the rapid fattening of black carp in the early stage of wintering and fat retention during the wintering period.

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Abstract

A freshwater fish overwintering feed comprises the following components: fish meal, chicken meal, soybean meal, 200-type rapeseed meal, DDGS, wheat, bran, soybean oil, fish oil, rice bran, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, lysine, methionine, a mildew-retarding agent, an antioxidant, an omnivorous premix and a compound enzyme preparation. The described raw materials are mixed, subjected to superfine crushing and conditioning, then extruded and cut into short pieces, and cooled and subjected to vacuum oil spraying, so as to prepare a slow-sinking feed.

Description

一种淡水鱼越冬料及其应用和缓沉料A freshwater fish wintering feed and its application and slow-sinking feed 技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及水产养殖饲料制备技术领域，具体涉及一种淡水鱼越冬料及其应用和缓沉料。The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture feed preparation, and in particular to a freshwater fish wintering feed and application thereof and a slow-sinking feed.
背景技术Background Art
目前，多数养殖户在冬季期间停止投喂，导致鱼体长期处于饥饿和低温的双重应激下，储存物质消耗过大，特殊营养需求无法满足，使得机体生理活动受限，鱼体免疫力低下，难以抵御病原侵袭，开春后鱼体质虚弱，发生掉膘，甚至“鱼瘟”，大量死亡造成严重经济损失。市面上已有少量厂家开发了越冬料，来维持鱼体正常生理代谢需要，在一定程度上能提高鱼体免疫力，减少掉膘和死亡，而现有投喂的这些产品普遍存在以下缺点：a.营养水平偏低，消化率不足，无法满足淡水鱼在冬季对营养的需求；b.添加的油脂中饱和脂肪酸含量过高，不利于鱼体越冬及细胞膜流动；c.高消化率的优质蛋白源原料添加量不足，且在冬季鱼体内的淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性受抑制，未添加外源性酶制剂进行弥补和加强，鱼体对淀粉及脂肪的消化吸收率不足，导致免疫力不足；d.现有的浮性料或者沉性料工艺，不适合冬季鱼类采食。At present, most fish farmers stop feeding during the winter, which causes the fish to be under the dual stress of hunger and low temperature for a long time. The stored substances are consumed too much, and the special nutritional needs cannot be met, which restricts the body's physiological activities, reduces the fish's immunity, and makes it difficult to resist the invasion of pathogens. After the spring, the fish become weak, lose weight, and even suffer from "fish plague", resulting in large-scale deaths and serious economic losses. A small number of manufacturers on the market have developed winter feeds to maintain the normal physiological metabolic needs of fish. To a certain extent, they can improve the immunity of fish and reduce fat loss and death. However, these existing feeding products generally have the following shortcomings: a. The nutritional level is low and the digestibility is insufficient, which cannot meet the nutritional needs of freshwater fish in winter; b. The saturated fatty acid content in the added oil is too high, which is not conducive to the wintering of fish and cell membrane flow; c. The amount of high-digestibility high-quality protein source raw materials added is insufficient, and the activity of amylase and lipase in fish is inhibited in winter. No exogenous enzyme preparations are added to compensate and strengthen it. The fish's digestion and absorption rate of starch and fat is insufficient, resulting in insufficient immunity; d. The existing floating feed or sinking feed process is not suitable for fish feeding in winter.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的是提供一种淡水鱼越冬料及其应用和缓沉料，以解决现有淡水鱼越冬料营养性能及免疫性能低的问题。In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a freshwater fish wintering feed and its application and slow-sinking feed to solve the problem of low nutritional performance and immune performance of existing freshwater fish wintering feed.
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下：提供一种淡水鱼越冬料，包括以下重量份组分：鱼粉5-7份、鸡肉粉4-6份、豆粕18-25份，200型菜粕8-12份、DDGS 4-6份、小麦17-20份、麸皮8-12份、豆油1.5-2.5份、鱼油1.5-2.5份、米糠18-22份、磷酸二氢钙1.4-1.6份、98.5％赖氨酸0.3-0.4份、蛋氨酸0.1-0.2份、防霉剂0.05-0.15、抗氧化剂0.03-0.06、杂食性预混料0.2-0.3份和复合酶制剂0.1-0.2份。The technical solution of the present invention for solving the above technical problems is as follows: a freshwater fish wintering feed is provided, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of fish meal, 4-6 parts of chicken meal, 18-25 parts of soybean meal, 8-12 parts of 200 type rapeseed meal, 4-6 parts of DDGS, 17-20 parts of wheat, 8-12 parts of bran, 1.5-2.5 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of fish oil, 18-22 parts of rice bran, 1.4-1.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-0.4 parts of 98.5% lysine, 0.1-0.2 parts of methionine, 0.05-0.15 parts of mildew inhibitor, 0.03-0.06 parts of antioxidant, 0.2-0.3 parts of omnivorous premix and 0.1-0.2 parts of complex enzyme preparation.
本发明的有益效果为：冬季鱼类摄食可增强体质、促进增重和提高越冬成活率，未投喂的鱼类体重显著下降，鱼类越冬期(水温≧5℃)肠管充塞度从前肠到中、后肠逐渐增加，不同越冬水体不同鱼类肠内含物组成及充塞度差别较大，肠管充塞度大多可达3-4级。而越冬期内温度降低改变了鱼类的代谢水平，对饵料转化率都很低。故在冬季需要合理投喂，且需要加强投喂饲料的诱食性，有利于鱼类诱食和消化吸收、利于低温期鱼体血液循环和低温抗应激。The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: winter fish feeding can enhance physical fitness, promote weight gain and improve winter survival rate, the weight of fish that are not fed decreases significantly, the intestinal filling degree of fish gradually increases from the foregut to the mid-gut and hindgut during the wintering period (water temperature ≧5°C), the intestinal contents composition and filling degree of different fish in different wintering water bodies vary greatly, and the intestinal filling degree can mostly reach level 3-4. The lower temperature during the wintering period changes the metabolic level of fish, and the bait conversion rate is very low. Therefore, it is necessary to feed reasonably in winter, and it is necessary to strengthen the feeding attractant of the feed, which is beneficial to fish feeding and digestion and absorption, and is beneficial to the blood circulation of fish in the low temperature period and low temperature stress resistance.
在低温条件下，鱼类会加大能量消耗去应对并适应环境改变，以维持基本生命活动。但鱼体对三大营养物质的利用率有差异，大部分鱼类在饥饿胁迫下最先动用糖类(内脏及肌肉的 糖原储备)，然后是脂肪(持续供能，越冬期适当脂肪水平的饲料使得鱼体对脂肪酸分解代谢能力增强，需提高不饱和脂肪酸的比例)，最后是蛋白质(越冬期蛋白质分解速率降低)，且脂肪供能的能量及效率远高于蛋白质分解供能，故需要着重加强优质脂肪的添加。Under low temperature conditions, fish will increase their energy consumption to cope with and adapt to environmental changes in order to maintain basic life activities. However, fish have different utilization rates of the three major nutrients. Most fish will first use carbohydrates (organs and muscles) under starvation stress. Glycogen reserves), then fat (continuous energy supply, feed with appropriate fat levels during the wintering period enhances the fish's ability to metabolize fatty acids, and the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids needs to be increased), and finally protein (the rate of protein decomposition decreases during the wintering period). The energy and efficiency of fat energy supply are much higher than those of protein decomposition, so it is necessary to focus on strengthening the addition of high-quality fats.
越冬日粮特别需要关注脂肪酸的组成，越冬期间不饱和脂肪酸含量上升，n-3PUFA(特别是EPA和DHA的含量)与越冬成活率关系极大，长链不饱和脂肪酸在鱼体的积累在越冬前增大利于越冬。豆油和鱼油(1:1)混合油能促进脂肪代谢，提高抗氧化酶活性，增加HSP70mRNA的转录表达，调整鱼体饱和与不饱和脂肪酸比例，有利于提高抵抗低温应激的能力。由于细胞膜上的脂肪酸类型会随着日粮脂肪的类型而发生逐步的改变，因此，理想的越冬日粮的使用时间为停料前的1个月，少于半个月的时间将无法有效改变细胞膜上已有的脂肪酸类型。The composition of fatty acids in winter diets needs special attention. The content of unsaturated fatty acids increases during winter. n-3PUFA (especially the content of EPA and DHA) is closely related to the survival rate during winter. The accumulation of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids in fish bodies increases before winter, which is beneficial for wintering. A mixture of soybean oil and fish oil (1:1) can promote fat metabolism, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, increase the transcriptional expression of HSP70mRNA, adjust the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in fish bodies, and help improve the ability to resist low temperature stress. Since the type of fatty acids on the cell membrane will gradually change with the type of dietary fat, the ideal use time of winter diets is one month before stopping feeding. Less than half a month will not effectively change the existing fatty acid type on the cell membrane.
饥饿及低温情况会导致鱼体消化系统紊乱，淀粉酶及脂肪酶相对蛋白酶活性受影响小，故越冬料中添加合适水平的淀粉及脂肪对保持鱼体肠道酶活性非常重要，同时可添加外源性酶制剂来提高消化。Hunger and low temperatures can cause digestive system disorders in fish. Amylase and lipase are less affected than protease activities. Therefore, adding appropriate levels of starch and fat to wintering feed is very important to maintain intestinal enzyme activity in fish. At the same time, exogenous enzyme preparations can be added to improve digestion.
维生素作为多种酶的辅酶或辅基，对鱼类免疫力和抗寒力影响极大，特别是鱼类对多种维生素的合成能力较低，如VB、VC、VE等，脂溶性维生素可以在体内储存，同时微量元素是抗氧化酶的活性中心，如Zn和Cu，添加多维多矿对有效抑制脂类过氧化，清除体内自由基具有至关重要的作用。Vitamins, as coenzymes or cofactors of various enzymes, have a great impact on fish immunity and cold resistance. In particular, fish have a low ability to synthesize various vitamins, such as VB, VC, VE, etc. Fat-soluble vitamins can be stored in the body. At the same time, trace elements are the active centers of antioxidant enzymes, such as Zn and Cu. Adding multivitamins and multiminerals plays a vital role in effectively inhibiting lipid peroxidation and removing free radicals in the body.
秋冬季节，由于表层水温较低，一些鱼类不愿游到上次摄食，缓沉料的沉降速度较慢，介乎于浮性膨化料与沉性料之间，由于在水中悬浮时间较长，更贴合鱼类摄食需求的习性及季节适应性，减少体能消耗。且真空喷油把油脂全部通过真空气压压至饲料颗粒内部，更有效的防止油脂的氧化，更利于鱼类冬天的能量需求。In autumn and winter, due to the low surface water temperature, some fish are reluctant to swim to the last feeding. The slow-sinking feed has a slower sinking speed, which is between the floating expanded feed and the sinking feed. Due to the longer suspension time in the water, it is more in line with the feeding habits and seasonal adaptability of fish, reducing physical energy consumption. In addition, vacuum oil injection presses all the oil into the feed particles through vacuum air pressure, which is more effective in preventing the oxidation of oil and is more conducive to the energy needs of fish in winter.
综上所述，本发明的越冬料更加适合鱼体冬季采食习性，且高消化率的优质蛋白原料及高不饱和脂肪酸的原料使用，使得鱼体在冬季能够提高免疫力，安全越冬，同时除了满足基本生理代谢外，能有最佳程度的生长速度，较市场现有产品具有明显优势。In summary, the wintering feed of the present invention is more suitable for the feeding habits of fish in winter, and the use of high-digestibility high-quality protein raw materials and high-unsaturated fatty acid raw materials can improve the immunity of fish in winter and safely overwinter. At the same time, in addition to meeting basic physiological metabolism, it can have an optimal growth rate, which has obvious advantages over existing products on the market.
在上述技术方案的基础上，本发明还可以做如下改进：On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows:
进一步，淡水鱼越冬料包括以下重量份组分：鱼粉5份、鸡肉粉4份、豆粕20份，200型菜粕10份、DDGS 6份、小麦19份、麸皮9份、豆油2.25份、鱼油2.25份、米糠20份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、98.5％赖氨酸0.3份、蛋氨酸0.15份、防霉剂0.1、抗氧化剂0.05、杂食性预混料0.25份和复合酶制剂0.15份。Furthermore, the wintering feed for freshwater fish includes the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of chicken meal, 20 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of 200 type rapeseed meal, 6 parts of DDGS, 19 parts of wheat, 9 parts of bran, 2.25 parts of soybean oil, 2.25 parts of fish oil, 20 parts of rice bran, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 parts of 98.5% lysine, 0.15 parts of methionine, 0.1 parts of mildew inhibitor, 0.05 parts of antioxidant, 0.25 parts of omnivorous premix and 0.15 parts of complex enzyme preparation.
进一步，杂食性预混料由以下重量份组分组成：VA 0.01-0.03份、VB1 0.01-0.03份、VB2 0.02-0.04份、VB6 0.02-0.03份、VB12 0.03-0.05份、VC 0.2-0.4份、VD3 0.01-0.03份、VE 0.05-0.15份、VK3 0.005-0.015份、烟酸0.05-0.1份、泛酸钙0.03-0.05份、叶酸 0.005-0.015、生物素0.4-0.6份和复合多矿0.01-0.03份。Further, the omnivorous premix is composed of the following components in parts by weight: VA 0.01-0.03 parts, VB1 0.01-0.03 parts, VB2 0.02-0.04 parts, VB6 0.02-0.03 parts, VB12 0.03-0.05 parts, VC 0.2-0.4 parts, VD3 0.01-0.03 parts, VE 0.05-0.15 parts, VK3 0.005-0.015 parts, niacin 0.05-0.1 parts, calcium pantothenate 0.03-0.05 parts, folic acid 0.005-0.015, biotin 0.4-0.6 parts and compound multi-mineral 0.01-0.03 parts.
进一步，杂食性预混料由以下重量份组分组成：VA 0.02份、VB1 0.02份、VB2 0.03份、VB6 0.03份、VB12 0.04份、VC 0.3份、VD3 0.02份、VE 0.1份、VK3 0.01份、烟酸0.08份、泛酸钙0.04份、叶酸0.01份、生物素0.5份和复合多矿0.02份。Furthermore, the omnivorous premix consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.02 parts of VA, 0.02 parts of VB1, 0.03 parts of VB2, 0.03 parts of VB6, 0.04 parts of VB12, 0.3 parts of VC, 0.02 parts of VD3, 0.1 parts of VE, 0.01 parts of VK3, 0.08 parts of niacin, 0.04 parts of calcium pantothenate, 0.01 parts of folic acid, 0.5 parts of biotin and 0.02 parts of complex multi-mineral.
进一步，复合多矿为吡啶甲酸铬、甘氨酸锰、甘氨酸螯合铁、钼酸铵和硫酸锌的混合物。Furthermore, the composite multi-mineral is a mixture of chromium picolinate, manganese glycinate, glycinate chelated iron, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate.
进一步，吡啶甲酸铬、甘氨酸锰、甘氨酸螯合铁、钼酸铵和硫酸锌的质量比为1：1-3：1-3：1-4：1。Furthermore, the mass ratio of chromium picolinate, manganese glycinate, glycine chelated iron, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate is 1:1-3:1-3:1-4:1.
进一步，吡啶甲酸铬、甘氨酸锰、甘氨酸螯合铁、钼酸铵和硫酸锌的质量比为1：1：1：1：1。Furthermore, the mass ratio of chromium picolinate, manganese glycinate, glycine chelated iron, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate is 1:1:1:1:1.
进一步，复合酶制剂由以下重量份组分组成：淀粉酶0.4-0.6份和脂肪酶0.4-0.6份。Furthermore, the composite enzyme preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.4-0.6 parts of amylase and 0.4-0.6 parts of lipase.
进一步，复合酶制剂由以下重量份组分组成：淀粉酶0.5份和脂肪酶0.5份。Furthermore, the complex enzyme preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 parts of amylase and 0.5 parts of lipase.
本发明还提供上述淡水鱼越冬料在缓沉料制备方面的应用。The present invention also provides application of the above-mentioned freshwater fish wintering feed in the preparation of slow-sinking feed.
本发明还提供一种缓沉料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将上述淡水鱼越冬料进行混合、超微粉碎后，输入双轴浆叶膨化调质腔中，调质200-220s，基料挤出后切短、冷却和真空喷油，制得缓沉料。The present invention also provides a method for preparing a slow-sinking material, comprising the following steps: mixing and ultrafine grinding the above-mentioned freshwater fish wintering material, inputting it into a double-shaft paddle puffing and tempering chamber, tempering it for 200-220 seconds, cutting the base material into short pieces after extrusion, cooling it and vacuum-spraying it with oil to obtain the slow-sinking material.
进一步，调质参数为：调质物料水分25-30％，蒸汽压力0.3-0.4Mpa，螺杆转速200-250rpm，湿度25-30％，温度131-135℃。Furthermore, the tempering parameters are: the moisture content of the tempering material is 25-30%, the steam pressure is 0.3-0.4Mpa, the screw speed is 200-250rpm, the humidity is 25-30%, and the temperature is 131-135°C.
进一步，缓沉料的膨化率为1.25-1.4，容重为510-550g/L。Furthermore, the expansion rate of the slow-settling material is 1.25-1.4, and the bulk density is 510-550 g/L.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、营养水平能够满足淡水鱼在冬季对营养需求。1. The nutritional level can meet the nutritional needs of freshwater fish in winter.
2、饱和脂肪酸含量更高，鱼体越冬及细胞膜流动。2. The saturated fatty acid content is higher, which helps fish survive the winter and cell membrane flow.
3、高比例高消化率的优质蛋白源原料有助于消化吸收，且高比例多维多矿、酶制剂有助于冬季增强免疫力及消化能力。3. A high proportion of high-digestibility high-quality protein source raw materials helps digestion and absorption, and a high proportion of multi-vitamins, multi-minerals and enzyme preparations helps enhance immunity and digestion ability in winter.
4、通过超微粉碎制作的缓沉料，耐水性好、浪费少、不坏水，鱼体消化吸收好，且更适合冬季鱼类(青鱼、草鱼、鮰鱼、鲫鱼和鲤鱼等)底层摄食特点。4. The slow-sinking material made by ultra-fine grinding has good water resistance, less waste, does not damage water, is well digested and absorbed by fish, and is more suitable for the bottom feeding characteristics of winter fish (black carp, grass carp, catfish, crucian carp and carp, etc.).
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
以下对本发明的原理和特征进行描述，所举实例只用于解释本发明，并非用于限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。The principles and features of the present invention are described below, and the examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. If no specific conditions are specified in the embodiments, they are carried out according to normal conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.
实施例1：Embodiment 1:
一种淡水鱼越冬料，包括以下重量份组分：鱼粉5份、鸡肉粉4份、豆粕20份，200型 菜粕10份、DDGS 6份、小麦19份、麸皮9份、豆油2.25份、鱼油2.25份、米糠20份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、98.5％赖氨酸0.3份、蛋氨酸0.15份、防霉剂0.1、抗氧化剂0.05、杂食性预混料0.25份和复合酶制剂0.15份。A freshwater fish wintering feed, comprising the following components by weight: 5 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of chicken meal, 20 parts of soybean meal, 200 types 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 6 parts of DDGS, 19 parts of wheat, 9 parts of bran, 2.25 parts of soybean oil, 2.25 parts of fish oil, 20 parts of rice bran, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 parts of 98.5% lysine, 0.15 parts of methionine, 0.1 parts of mildew inhibitor, 0.05 parts of antioxidant, 0.25 parts of omnivorous premix and 0.15 parts of complex enzyme preparation.
杂食性预混料由以下重量份组分组成：VA 0.02份、VB1 0.02份、VB2 0.03份、VB6 0.03份、VB12 0.04份、VC 0.3份、VD3 0.02份、VE 0.1份、VK3 0.01份、烟酸0.08份、泛酸钙0.04份、叶酸0.01份、生物素0.5份和复合多矿0.02份。复合多矿为质量比为1：1：1：1：1吡啶甲酸铬、甘氨酸锰、甘氨酸螯合铁、钼酸铵和硫酸锌的混合物。The omnivorous premix is composed of the following components in parts by weight: VA 0.02 parts, VB1 0.02 parts, VB2 0.03 parts, VB6 0.03 parts, VB12 0.04 parts, VC 0.3 parts, VD3 0.02 parts, VE 0.1 parts, VK3 0.01 parts, niacin 0.08 parts, calcium pantothenate 0.04 parts, folic acid 0.01 parts, biotin 0.5 parts and composite multi-mineral 0.02 parts. The composite multi-mineral is a mixture of chromium picolinate, glycine manganese, glycine chelated iron, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1:1.
复合酶制剂由以下重量份组分组成：淀粉酶0.5份和脂肪酶0.5份。The complex enzyme preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 parts of amylase and 0.5 parts of lipase.
一种缓沉料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将上述淡水鱼越冬料进行混合、超微粉碎后，输入双轴浆叶膨化调质腔中，调质参数为：调质物料水分28％，蒸汽压力0.33Mpa，螺杆转速220rpm，湿度28％，温度133℃，调质210s，基料挤出后切短、冷却和真空喷油，制得膨化率为1.3，容重为540g/Ld缓沉料。A preparation method of a slow-sinking material comprises the following steps: mixing and ultrafinely grinding the above-mentioned freshwater fish wintering material, and then inputting the material into a double-shaft paddle expansion and tempering chamber, wherein the tempering parameters are as follows: the moisture content of the tempered material is 28%, the steam pressure is 0.33Mpa, the screw speed is 220rpm, the humidity is 28%, the temperature is 133°C, and the tempering is 210s; after the base material is extruded, the base material is cut into short pieces, cooled, and vacuum-sprayed with oil, so as to obtain a slow-sinking material with an expansion rate of 1.3 and a bulk density of 540g/Ld.
实施例2：Embodiment 2:
一种淡水鱼越冬料，包括以下重量份组分：鱼粉5份、鸡肉粉4份、豆粕18份，200型菜粕8份、DDGS 4份、小麦17份、麸皮8份、豆油1.5份、鱼油1.5份、米糠18份、磷酸二氢钙1.4份、98.5％赖氨酸0.3份、蛋氨酸0.1份、防霉剂0.05、抗氧化剂0.03、杂食性预混料0.2份和复合酶制剂0.1份。A wintering feed for freshwater fish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of chicken meal, 18 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of 200-type rapeseed meal, 4 parts of DDGS, 17 parts of wheat, 8 parts of bran, 1.5 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of fish oil, 18 parts of rice bran, 1.4 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 parts of 98.5% lysine, 0.1 parts of methionine, 0.05 parts of mildew inhibitor, 0.03 parts of antioxidant, 0.2 parts of omnivorous premix and 0.1 parts of complex enzyme preparation.
杂食性预混料由以下重量份组分组成：VA 0.01份、VB1 0.01份、VB2 0.02份、VB6 0.02份、VB12 0.03份、VC 0.2份、VD3 0.01份、VE 0.05份、VK3 0.005份、烟酸0.05份、泛酸钙0.03份、叶酸0.005份、生物素0.4份和复合多矿0.01份。复合多矿为质量比为1：2：2：3：1吡啶甲酸铬、甘氨酸锰、甘氨酸螯合铁、钼酸铵和硫酸锌的混合物。The omnivorous premix is composed of the following components in parts by weight: VA 0.01 part, VB1 0.01 part, VB2 0.02 part, VB6 0.02 part, VB12 0.03 part, VC 0.2 part, VD3 0.01 part, VE 0.05 part, VK3 0.005 part, niacin 0.05 part, calcium pantothenate 0.03 part, folic acid 0.005 part, biotin 0.4 part and composite multi-mineral 0.01 part. The composite multi-mineral is a mixture of chromium picolinate, glycine manganese, glycine chelated iron, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:2:2:3:1.
复合酶制剂由以下重量份组分组成：淀粉酶0.4份和脂肪酶0.4份。The complex enzyme preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.4 parts of amylase and 0.4 parts of lipase.
一种缓沉料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将上述淡水鱼越冬料进行混合、超微粉碎后，输入双轴浆叶膨化调质腔中，调质参数为：调质物料水分25％，蒸汽压力0.3Mpa，螺杆转速200rpm，湿度25％，温度131℃，调质200s，基料挤出后切短、冷却和真空喷油，制得膨化率为1.25，容重为510g/Ld缓沉料。A method for preparing a slow-sinking material comprises the following steps: mixing and ultrafinely grinding the above-mentioned freshwater fish wintering material, and then inputting the material into a double-shaft paddle expansion and tempering chamber, wherein the tempering parameters are as follows: 25% moisture content of the tempered material, 0.3Mpa steam pressure, 200rpm screw speed, 25% humidity, 131°C temperature, and tempering for 200s; after the base material is extruded, it is cut into short pieces, cooled, and vacuum-sprayed with oil to obtain a slow-sinking material with an expansion rate of 1.25 and a bulk density of 510g/Ld.
实施例3：Embodiment 3:
一种淡水鱼越冬料，包括以下重量份组分：鱼粉7份、鸡肉粉6份、豆粕25份，200型菜粕12份、DDGS 6份、小麦20份、麸皮12份、豆油2.5份、鱼油2.5份、米糠22份、磷酸二氢钙1.6份、98.5％赖氨酸0.4份、蛋氨酸0.2份、防霉剂0.15、抗氧化剂0.06、杂食性预混料0.3份和复合酶制剂0.2份。 A wintering feed for freshwater fish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of fish meal, 6 parts of chicken meal, 25 parts of soybean meal, 12 parts of 200-type rapeseed meal, 6 parts of DDGS, 20 parts of wheat, 12 parts of bran, 2.5 parts of soybean oil, 2.5 parts of fish oil, 22 parts of rice bran, 1.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4 parts of 98.5% lysine, 0.2 parts of methionine, 0.15 parts of mildew inhibitor, 0.06 parts of antioxidant, 0.3 parts of omnivorous premix and 0.2 parts of complex enzyme preparation.
杂食性预混料由以下重量份组分组成：VA 0.03份、VB1 0.03份、VB2 0.04份、VB6 0.03份、VB12 0.05份、VC 0.4份、VD3 0.03份、VE 0.15份、VK3 0.015份、烟酸0.1份、泛酸钙0.05份、叶酸0.015份、生物素0.6份和复合多矿0.03份。复合多矿为质量比为1：3：3：4：1吡啶甲酸铬、甘氨酸锰、甘氨酸螯合铁、钼酸铵和硫酸锌的混合物。The omnivorous premix is composed of the following components in parts by weight: VA 0.03 parts, VB1 0.03 parts, VB2 0.04 parts, VB6 0.03 parts, VB12 0.05 parts, VC 0.4 parts, VD3 0.03 parts, VE 0.15 parts, VK3 0.015 parts, niacin 0.1 parts, calcium pantothenate 0.05 parts, folic acid 0.015 parts, biotin 0.6 parts and composite multi-mineral 0.03 parts. The composite multi-mineral is a mixture of chromium picolinate, glycine manganese, glycine chelated iron, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:3:3:4:1.
复合酶制剂由以下重量份组分组成：淀粉酶0.6份和脂肪酶0.6份。The composite enzyme preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.6 parts of amylase and 0.6 parts of lipase.
一种缓沉料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将上述淡水鱼越冬料输入双轴浆叶膨化调质腔中，调质参数为：调质物料水分30％，蒸汽压力0.4Mpa，螺杆转速250rpm，湿度30％，温度135℃，调质220s，基料挤出后切短、冷却和真空喷油，制得膨化率为1.4，容重为550g/Ld缓沉料。A method for preparing a slow-sinking material comprises the following steps: inputting the above-mentioned freshwater fish wintering material into a biaxial paddle puffing and tempering chamber, wherein the tempering parameters are as follows: 30% moisture content of the tempered material, 0.4 MPa of steam pressure, 250 rpm of screw speed, 30% humidity, 135°C of temperature, and tempering for 220 seconds; cutting the base material into short pieces after extrusion, cooling the base material, and vacuum-spraying oil to obtain a slow-sinking material with an expansion rate of 1.4 and a bulk density of 550 g/Ld.
试验例Test example
一、采用实施例1制得的缓沉料投喂青鱼(对照组投喂普通的饲料)，青鱼的肥满度及发病情况见表1。1. The slow-sinking feed prepared in Example 1 was used to feed black carp (the control group was fed with ordinary feed). The fatness and morbidity of the black carp are shown in Table 1.
表1青鱼的肥满度及发病情况
Table 1 Fatness and disease status of black carp
由表1可知，实验塘10个，其中掉膘塘口1个，保膘率为90％。对照组青鱼发病塘口在20％左右，而使用越冬料塘口开春未出现发病情况，表明本发明的越冬料能够显著减少鱼类越冬损耗以及提高鱼体免疫力以和抗病能力，降低来年春季鱼病发病力。As shown in Table 1, there are 10 experimental ponds, of which 1 pond lost fat, and the fat retention rate was 90%. The incidence of black carp in the control group was about 20%, while the incidence did not occur in the ponds using the winter feed in the spring, indicating that the winter feed of the present invention can significantly reduce the loss of fish during the winter, improve the immunity and disease resistance of fish, and reduce the incidence of fish diseases in the spring of the next year.
鱼体偏瘦即前期肥满度在1.6-1.7％时，使用鱼冬健的塘口开春打样后肥满度明显提高，表明本发明越冬料在越冬前期对青鱼快速增膘及越冬期保膘具有明显的效果。 When the fish body is thin, that is, the fatness is 1.6-1.7% in the early stage, the fatness is significantly improved after the spring proofing in the pond using the fish wintering feed, indicating that the wintering feed of the present invention has obvious effects on the rapid fattening of black carp in the early stage of wintering and fat retention during the wintering period.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种淡水鱼越冬料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份组分：鱼粉5-7份、鸡肉粉4-6份、豆粕18-25份，200型菜粕8-12份、DDGS 4-6份、小麦17-20份、麸皮8-12份、豆油1.5-2.5份、鱼油1.5-2.5份、米糠18-22份、磷酸二氢钙1.4-1.6份、98.5％赖氨酸0.3-0.4份、蛋氨酸0.1-0.2份、防霉剂0.05-0.15、抗氧化剂0.03-0.06、杂食性预混料0.2-0.3份和复合酶制剂0.1-0.2份。A wintering feed for freshwater fish, characterized in that it comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-7 parts of fish meal, 4-6 parts of chicken meal, 18-25 parts of soybean meal, 8-12 parts of 200-type rapeseed meal, 4-6 parts of DDGS, 17-20 parts of wheat, 8-12 parts of bran, 1.5-2.5 parts of soybean oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of fish oil, 18-22 parts of rice bran, 1.4-1.6 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3-0.4 parts of 98.5% lysine, 0.1-0.2 parts of methionine, 0.05-0.15 parts of antifungal agent, 0.03-0.06 parts of antioxidant, 0.2-0.3 parts of omnivorous premix and 0.1-0.2 parts of complex enzyme preparation.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的淡水鱼越冬料，其特征在于，包括以下重量份组分：鱼粉5份、鸡肉粉4份、豆粕20份，200型菜粕10份、DDGS 6份、小麦19份、麸皮9份、豆油2.25份、鱼油2.25份、米糠20份、磷酸二氢钙1.5份、98.5％赖氨酸0.3份、蛋氨酸0.15份、防霉剂0.1、抗氧化剂0.05、杂食性预混料0.25份和复合酶制剂0.15份。The freshwater fish wintering feed according to claim 1 is characterized in that it comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of fish meal, 4 parts of chicken meal, 20 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of 200 type rapeseed meal, 6 parts of DDGS, 19 parts of wheat, 9 parts of bran, 2.25 parts of soybean oil, 2.25 parts of fish oil, 20 parts of rice bran, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 parts of 98.5% lysine, 0.15 parts of methionine, 0.1 parts of mildew inhibitor, 0.05 parts of antioxidant, 0.25 parts of omnivorous premix and 0.15 parts of complex enzyme preparation.
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的淡水鱼越冬料，其特征在于，所述杂食性预混料由以下重量份组分组成：VA 0.01-0.03份、VB1 0.01-0.03份、VB2 0.02-0.04份、VB6 0.02-0.03份、VB12 0.03-0.05份、VC 0.2-0.4份、VD3 0.01-0.03份、VE 0.05-0.15份、VK3 0.005-0.015份、烟酸0.05-0.1份、泛酸钙0.03-0.05份、叶酸0.005-0.015份、生物素0.4-0.6份和复合多矿0.01-0.03份。The freshwater fish wintering feed according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the omnivorous premix consists of the following components in parts by weight: VA 0.01-0.03 parts, VB1 0.01-0.03 parts, VB2 0.02-0.04 parts, VB6 0.02-0.03 parts, VB12 0.03-0.05 parts, VC 0.2-0.4 parts, VD3 0.01-0.03 parts, VE 0.05-0.15 parts, VK3 0.005-0.015 parts, niacin 0.05-0.1 parts, calcium pantothenate 0.03-0.05 parts, folic acid 0.005-0.015 parts, biotin 0.4-0.6 parts and composite multi-mineral 0.01-0.03 parts.
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的淡水鱼越冬料，其特征在于，所述复合多矿为吡啶甲酸铬、甘氨酸锰、甘氨酸螯合铁、钼酸铵和硫酸锌的混合物。The freshwater fish wintering feed according to claim 3 is characterized in that the composite multi-mineral is a mixture of chromium picolinate, manganese glycinate, glycine chelated iron, ammonium molybdate and zinc sulfate.
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的淡水鱼越冬料，其特征在于，所述复合酶制剂由以下重量份组分组成：淀粉酶0.4-0.6份和脂肪酶0.4-0.6份。The freshwater fish wintering feed according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the complex enzyme preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.4-0.6 parts of amylase and 0.4-0.6 parts of lipase.
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的淡水鱼越冬料，其特征在于，所述复合酶制剂由以下重量份组分组成：淀粉酶0.5份和脂肪酶0.5份。The freshwater fish wintering feed according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the complex enzyme preparation consists of the following components in parts by weight: 0.5 parts of amylase and 0.5 parts of lipase.
  7. 权利要求1-6任一项所述的淡水鱼越冬料在缓沉料制备方面的应用。Use of the freshwater fish wintering feed described in any one of claims 1 to 6 in the preparation of slow-sinking feed.
  8. 一种缓沉料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：将权利要求1-6任一项所述的淡水鱼越冬料进行混合、超微粉碎后，输入双轴浆叶膨化调质腔中，调质200-220s，基料挤出后切短、冷却和真空喷油，制得缓沉料。A method for preparing a slow-sinking material, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: mixing and ultrafine grinding the freshwater fish wintering material described in any one of claims 1 to 6, inputting it into a biaxial paddle puffing and tempering chamber, tempering it for 200 to 220 seconds, cutting the base material into short pieces after extrusion, cooling it and vacuum-spraying it with oil to obtain the slow-sinking material.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的缓沉料的制备方法，其特征在于，调质参数为：调质物料水分25-30％，蒸汽压力0.3-0.4Mpa，螺杆转速200-250rpm，湿度25-30％，温度131-135℃。The method for preparing a slow-settling material according to claim 8 is characterized in that the tempering parameters are: the moisture content of the tempered material is 25-30%, the steam pressure is 0.3-0.4Mpa, the screw speed is 200-250rpm, the humidity is 25-30%, and the temperature is 131-135°C.
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的缓沉料的制备方法，其特征在于，缓沉料的膨化率为1.25-1.4，容重为510-550g/L。 The method for preparing a slow-sinking material according to claim 8 is characterized in that the expansion rate of the slow-sinking material is 1.25-1.4 and the bulk density is 510-550g/L.
PCT/CN2023/078364 2023-02-24 2023-02-27 Freshwater fish overwintering feed as well as use and slow-sinking feed thereof WO2024174273A1 (en)

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