WO2024169322A1 - 起重机 - Google Patents

起重机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024169322A1
WO2024169322A1 PCT/CN2023/134749 CN2023134749W WO2024169322A1 WO 2024169322 A1 WO2024169322 A1 WO 2024169322A1 CN 2023134749 W CN2023134749 W CN 2023134749W WO 2024169322 A1 WO2024169322 A1 WO 2024169322A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
luffing
turntable
connecting frame
boom
mast
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/134749
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙丽
周玉龙
韩雷
孟进军
侯文礼
宋世全
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xcmg Construction Machinery Co Ltd Building Machinery Co
Original Assignee
Xcmg Construction Machinery Co Ltd Building Machinery Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xcmg Construction Machinery Co Ltd Building Machinery Co filed Critical Xcmg Construction Machinery Co Ltd Building Machinery Co
Priority to KR1020257020871A priority Critical patent/KR20250151358A/ko
Publication of WO2024169322A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024169322A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
    • B66C23/36—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes mounted on road or rail vehicles; Manually-movable jib-cranes for use in workshops; Floating cranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/60—Derricks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/72—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples
    • B66C23/74—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples separate from jib
    • B66C23/76—Counterweights or supports for balancing lifting couples separate from jib and movable to take account of variations of load or of variations of length of jib
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/82—Luffing gear
    • B66C23/821—Bracing equipment for booms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
    • B66C23/82—Luffing gear
    • B66C23/821—Bracing equipment for booms
    • B66C23/826—Bracing equipment acting at an inclined angle to vertical and horizontal directions
    • B66C23/828—Bracing equipment acting at an inclined angle to vertical and horizontal directions where the angle is adjustable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88—Safety gear

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of engineering machinery, and in particular to a crane.
  • Construction efficiency is a very critical technical indicator in engineering applications. With the continuous changes in construction scenarios, such as green petrochemical upgrades and municipal construction, higher requirements are placed on the adaptability of cranes to narrow space operations and construction efficiency.
  • the operating conditions of the crane include the standard working condition without superlifting mechanism and the superlifting working condition with superlifting mechanism.
  • the cranes corresponding to these two types of working conditions are different in structure and working principle.
  • the standard working condition construction does not require the disassembly and assembly of the superlifting device, has fewer parts, lower cost, higher operating efficiency, and better adaptability to the narrow space operation of the crane.
  • the luffing pulley block is installed at the tail of the turntable and connected to the mast head through the luffing wire rope.
  • the luffing torque is an important indicator of the luffing system capacity, which is equal to the product of the luffing force and the lever arm.
  • an additional counterweight is added to the tail of the turntable to increase the anti-overturning moment of the whole machine.
  • the inventors have found through research that the luffing system of the standard working condition crane is limited by the luffing system capacity and the stability of the whole machine. It is difficult to raise the long arm, which limits the maximum length of the boom and cannot exert the maximum lifting capacity of the whole machine. If the luffing winch torque is increased by increasing the luffing winch pulling force, the output power of the winch reducer needs to be increased, which will also put higher requirements on the bearing capacity of the mast and luffing wire rope. If the luffing arm is increased by increasing the mast length and turntable length, the turntable and mast need to be lengthened. Whether it is new product development or old product restructuring, these two methods will lead to a significant increase in the R&D cycle and cost of crawler cranes.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a crane that can improve the luffing system of the whole machine under standard working conditions. ability.
  • a crane comprising: a chassis, a turntable, a mast, a boom and a luffing mechanism, wherein the turntable is rotatably arranged on the chassis, the mast and the boom are both rotatably arranged on the turntable, the mast is connected to the boom via a second pulling member, and the luffing mechanism is arranged on the turntable for achieving luffing of the boom; wherein the luffing mechanism comprises:
  • a connecting frame arranged on the turntable
  • a guide pulley assembly is arranged on the connecting frame
  • variable amplitude pulley assembly disposed on the turntable and lower than a setting position of the guide pulley assembly
  • the pull rope driving component is used for leading out and driving the luffing pull rope connected to the mast, and making the luffing pull rope pass through the guide pulley assembly and the luffing pulley assembly.
  • the projection point of the guide pulley assembly on the boom's amplitude variation plane is D
  • the projection point of the connection position of the amplitude variation pulley assembly and the turntable on the boom's amplitude variation plane is C
  • the projection point of the connection position of the mast and the amplitude variation rope on the boom's amplitude variation plane is A
  • the projection point of the connection position of the mast and the turntable on the boom's amplitude variation plane is B
  • the projection point D is located on the side of the projection point line AC away from the projection point B.
  • the projection point D is located on the side of the projection point line AC away from the projection point B.
  • the connecting frame is detachably disposed on the turntable.
  • the connecting frame is connected to the tail of the turntable.
  • the connecting frame is detachably connected to the tail vertical end surface of the turntable and is located on a side of the plane where the tail vertical end surface is located away from the arm.
  • the connecting frame comprises a truss structure.
  • the crane further comprises:
  • a counterweight mounting device connected to the connecting frame
  • a counterweight system disposed on the counterweight mounting device, is configured to provide counterweight to the crane.
  • the counterweight mounting device comprises:
  • a mounting frame one end of which is rotatably connected to the connecting frame, and the other end of which is connected to the connecting frame via a first pulling member;
  • the first pulling member is located on the upper side of the mounting frame, and the counterweight system is adjustably arranged on the mounting frame.
  • the counterweight mounting device further includes:
  • a moving mechanism movably disposed on the mounting frame
  • the lifting mechanism is arranged on the moving mechanism and connected with the counterweight system.
  • the counterweight mounting device further includes:
  • the driving mechanism is connected between the moving mechanism and the connecting frame, and is configured to drive the moving mechanism to move relative to the connecting frame on the surface of the mounting frame.
  • the moving direction of the moving mechanism is parallel to the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the amplitude change axis of the boom.
  • the connecting frame comprises:
  • a truss beam having a first end, a second end and a third end, wherein the first end is connected to the turntable, and the second end and the third end are respectively connected to the mounting frame and the first pulling member;
  • a support rod is located at the lower side of the truss beam, one end of the support rod is connected to the turntable, and the other end is connected to the truss beam or the mounting frame.
  • the guide pulley assembly is located at the third end.
  • the counterweight mounting device is detachably connected to the connecting frame.
  • a connecting frame and a luffing pulley assembly are arranged on the turntable, and a guide pulley assembly is arranged on the connecting frame, and the stretching driving component leads out the luffing rope to connect the mast, and the luffing rope is wound around the guide pulley assembly and the luffing pulley assembly. Since the setting position of the luffing pulley assembly is lower than the setting position of the guide pulley, the rope exit point of the luffing rope wound around the guide pulley assembly to the mast is increased.
  • the lever arm of the luffing rope can be increased, thereby increasing the luffing torque without increasing the tension of the luffing rope, which is beneficial to improving the capacity of the luffing system and reducing the requirements on the carrying capacity and length of the mast, the luffing rope, and the turntable, which is also beneficial to reducing costs.
  • FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of some embodiments of a crane according to the present disclosure.
  • FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the counterweight adjustment and the positions of the projection points of various components on the luffing plane according to an embodiment of the crane disclosed herein;
  • FIG3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the tail area of the turntable according to an embodiment of the crane disclosed herein;
  • FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a force analysis of FIG3 ;
  • FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a force analysis of the connecting frame in FIG4 ;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a crane embodiment according to the present disclosure when the counterweight mounting device and the counterweight system are removed;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the crane embodiment according to the present disclosure when the connecting frame and the guide pulley assembly are removed.
  • a specific device when a specific device is described as being located between a first device and a second device, there may or may not be an intermediate device between the specific device and the first device or the second device.
  • the specific device When a specific device is described as being connected to other devices, the specific device may be directly connected to the other device without an intermediate device, or may not be directly connected to the other device but have an intermediate device.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a crane, which includes a chassis 11 , a turntable 12 , a mast 13 , a boom 14 and a luffing mechanism 20 .
  • the chassis 11 can be a crawler chassis, or other types of chassis, such as a wheeled crane chassis or a ring-track chassis.
  • the chassis 11 can travel on the work site, or can be fixed on the work site.
  • the crane can be a crawler crane, a truck crane, or a track crane.
  • the turntable 12 is rotatably arranged on the chassis 11, for example, mounted on the chassis 11 through a slewing body, and can rotate relative to the chassis 11 around a vertical axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane. According to the stability requirements of the crane, the turntable 12 may or may not be provided with a fixed counterweight.
  • the mast 13 and the arm 14 are both rotatably arranged on the turntable 12, and the mast 13 is connected to the arm 14 via a second pulling member 15.
  • the mast 13 can be a single mast or arranged in pairs.
  • the arm 14 can include a main arm and a secondary arm that can be installed and removed from the main arm.
  • the second pulling member 15 may be a pull plate or a pull rope, etc. One end of the second pulling member 15 may be connected to the arm head or the arm body of the arm frame 14, and the other end may be connected to the end of the mast 13 away from the turntable 12. The number of the second pulling members 15 may be the same as the number of the masts 13.
  • the luffing mechanism 20 is disposed on the turntable 12 and is used to achieve the luffing of the boom 14.
  • the luffing mechanism 20 can cause the mast 13 to rotate relative to the turntable 12 by pulling the mast 13.
  • the boom 14 is driven to luff through the second pulling member 15.
  • the luffing range of the boom 14 corresponds to the entire working stroke of the mast 13.
  • the luffing mechanism 20 includes a connecting frame 21, a guide pulley assembly 22, a luffing pulley assembly 23 and a pull rope driving component 24.
  • the connecting frame 21 is arranged on the turntable 12.
  • the guide pulley assembly 22 is arranged on the connecting frame 21.
  • the luffing pulley assembly 23 is arranged on the turntable 12 and is lower than the setting position of the guide pulley assembly 22.
  • the rope driving component 24 is used to lead out and drive the luffing rope 25 connected to the mast 13, and make the luffing rope 25 pass through the guide pulley assembly 22 and the luffing pulley assembly 23.
  • the luffing rope 25 can be a steel wire rope or a rope made of other materials.
  • the luffing rope 25 can be connected to the pulley block at the end of the mast 13.
  • the rope driving component 24 can include a luffing winch mechanism driven by a motor or an internal combustion engine, and the luffing rope is retracted and released by rotating the drum of the luffing winch mechanism.
  • the guide pulley assembly 22 can be arranged at the top of the connecting frame 21, or at other positions of the connecting frame 21, as long as its position is higher than the position where the luffing pulley assembly 23 is arranged.
  • the luffing rope 25 passes through the guide pulley assembly 22 and the luffing pulley assembly 23, and can form a quadrilateral with the turntable 12 and the mast 13.
  • the guide pulley assembly 22 is provided in plurality and is located at different positions of the connecting frame 21 , and the luffing pulley 25 passes around the guide pulley assembly 22 and the luffing pulley assembly 23 , and can form a polygon with more sides with the turntable 12 and the mast 13 .
  • the length of the luffing rope between the guide pulley assembly 22 and the pulley block on the mast 13 can be reduced or increased.
  • the mast 13 rotates relative to the turntable 12 as the luffing rope is retracted and released, so as to drive the boom 14 to luff, thereby adjusting the pitch angle of the boom 14.
  • the luffing torque is equal to the product of the luffing force and the lever arm.
  • the dotted line with double arrows is the lever arm L2' of the luffing system in the related art
  • the solid line with double arrows is the lever arm L2 of the luffing mechanism of the embodiment of the present disclosure. Since the guide pulley assembly 22 located at the top of the connecting frame 21 is higher than the luffing pulley assembly 23 on the turntable, the lever arm L2 is greater than the lever arm L2'. Therefore, under the premise of the same luffing force, the embodiment of the present disclosure can provide a higher luffing torque, thereby significantly improving the ability of the luffing system.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure can increase the lever arm of the luffing rope, thereby improving the luffing torque without increasing the tension of the luffing rope, which is beneficial to improving the capacity of the luffing system and reducing the requirements on the load-bearing capacity and length of the mast, luffing rope, and turntable.
  • the disclosed embodiment can be applied to a crane with standard working conditions without a superlifting mechanism.
  • the standard working condition of a crawler crane is the operating condition of a crane without a superlifting mechanism.
  • a crane with standard working conditions uses much fewer components, has lower costs for purchase, use, and transportation, and has higher efficiency in disassembly and operation.
  • the existing luffing system capacity can be improved by the luffing mechanism in the disclosed embodiment.
  • the plane shown in Fig. 2 is the luffing plane of the boom 14.
  • the projection point of the guide pulley assembly 22 on the luffing plane of the boom 14 is D
  • the projection point of the connection position of the luffing pulley assembly 23 and the turntable 12 on the luffing plane of the boom 14 is C
  • the projection point of the connection position of the mast 13 and the luffing rope 25 on the luffing plane of the boom 14 is A
  • the projection point of the connection position of the mast 13 and the turntable 12 on the luffing plane of the boom 14 is B.
  • the projection point A also changes position accordingly.
  • the projection point D is located on the side of the projection point line AC away from the projection point B.
  • the lever 13 is always greater than the lever arm L2' in at least part of the working stroke, so that the luffing moment of the luffing rope can be increased in at least part of the luffing range of the boom 14.
  • the projection point D can be located on the side of the projection point line AC away from the projection point B.
  • the crane further includes a counterweight mounting device 30 and a counterweight system 40.
  • the counterweight mounting device 30 is connected to the connecting frame 21.
  • the counterweight system 40 is disposed on the counterweight mounting device 30 and is configured to provide counterweight to the crane.
  • the counterweight system 40 may include one or more counterweight blocks, and the number of counterweight blocks may be increased or decreased, or the specifications of the counterweight blocks may be adjusted as needed.
  • the counterweight mounting device 30 includes a mounting frame 31. One end of the mounting frame 31 is rotatably connected to the connecting frame 21, and the other end is connected to the connecting frame 21 through a first pulling member 32.
  • the first pulling member 32 is located on the upper side of the mounting frame 31, and the counterweight system 40 is adjustably arranged on the mounting frame 31.
  • the first pulling member 32 can be a pull plate or a pull rope.
  • An important indicator of the machine's anti-overturning ability is the anti-overturning moment, which is equal to the product of the weight of the counterweight system and the distance from the counterweight system to the machine's overturning line.
  • the counterweight system 40 can be pushed to a position far from the turntable. After the hoisting is completed, such a large anti-overturning moment is not needed, and the additional counterweight needs to be off the ground when the whole machine is moved. When the counterweight system is in this position and the counterweight system is lifted, the whole machine is prone to tipping backwards. At this time, the counterweight system 40 can be retracted to a position close to the turntable. At this time, the anti-overturning moment that the counterweight system can provide is small, and it is not easy to tip over when the whole machine is moved and the counterweight system is off the ground, so there is no need to repeatedly disassemble and assemble the counterweight.
  • this embodiment makes full use of the connecting frame in the luffing mechanism to connect and fix the counterweight mounting device, and solves the two difficult problems of limiting the arm length of the crane under standard working conditions and the performance-enhancing luffing system capacity and the stability of the whole machine through a relatively compact structure.
  • the counterweight mounting device 30 further includes: a moving mechanism 33 and a lifting mechanism 34.
  • the moving mechanism 33 is movably disposed on the mounting frame 31.
  • the moving mechanism 33 may be a trolley that moves on the upper surface of the mounting frame 31, and the trolley moves by rolling on the mounting frame 31 with rollers.
  • the moving mechanism 33 may also slide directly on the mounting frame 31.
  • the lifting mechanism 34 is arranged on the moving mechanism 33 and connected to the counterweight system 40.
  • the lifting mechanism 34 can lower the counterweight system 40 to the ground, or lift the counterweight system 40 upward to make it off the ground, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the counterweight system due to the unevenness of the ground during installation or the requirement of the counterweight system to be off the ground or on the ground during the operation of the whole machine.
  • the lifting mechanism 34 can realize the lifting action by extending and retracting the lifting cylinder, or other forms of lifting mechanisms can be used, such as pneumatic or electric lifting mechanisms.
  • the counterweight mounting device 30 may further include a driving mechanism 35.
  • the driving mechanism 35 is connected between the moving mechanism 33 and the connecting frame 21, and is configured to drive the moving mechanism 33 to move on the surface of the mounting frame 31 relative to the connecting frame 21.
  • the driving mechanism 35 may use a cylinder to push or pull the moving mechanism 33, or may use other forms of driving mechanisms, such as a pneumatic or electric push-pull mechanism.
  • the moving direction v of the moving mechanism 33 is parallel to the horizontal plane and perpendicular to the amplitude axis of the boom 14. In this way, the moving device 33 can more quickly adjust the distance from the counterweight system to the turntable.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crane embodiment according to the present disclosure when the counterweight mounting device and the counterweight system are removed.
  • the counterweight mounting device 30 is detachably connected to the connecting frame 21.
  • the crane can be transformed by removing the counterweight mounting device and the counterweight system, and the figure after disassembly is shown in FIG6. At this time, the space occupation can be reduced with a low risk of overturning.
  • the connecting frame 21 is connected to the tail 121 of the turntable 12, which is conducive to setting the counterweight mounting device and the counterweight system, and is conducive to improving the rope outlet point of the luffing rope.
  • the connecting frame 21 is detachably connected to the tail vertical end face of the turntable 12, and is located on the side of the plane where the tail vertical end face is located away from the boom 14.
  • the connecting frame 21 includes a truss structure, which can reduce the weight of the connecting frame.
  • the connecting frame 21 may include a truss beam 211 and a support rod 212.
  • the truss beam adopts a truss structure and is lighter.
  • the truss beam 211 has a first end 211a, a second end 211b and a third end 211c, the first end 211a is connected to the turntable 12, and the second end 211b and the third end 211c are respectively connected to the mounting frame 31 and the first pulling member 32.
  • the truss beam can be hinged at the tail of the turntable 12, and the height position of the guide pulley assembly can be easily adjusted, and the installation or disassembly of the truss beam is also convenient.
  • the support rod 212 is located at the lower side of the truss beam 211, one end of the support rod 212 is connected to the turntable 12, and the other end is connected to the truss beam 211 or the mounting frame 31.
  • This structure can ensure the stability of the counterweight system 40 on the mounting frame 31.
  • the support rod 212 can stably support the truss beam 211, and different length specifications can be selected according to needs to match the position of the truss beam 211.
  • FIG4 shows a simplified diagram of the force analysis of the truss beam 211.
  • the support of the support rod 212 force Fz2
  • the pulling force of the first pulling member 32 force F i2
  • the first pulling member 32 is connected to the third end 211c of the truss beam 211, and the guide pulley assembly 22 can be set at the third end 211c.
  • This structure of the common point of action makes the force Fbf2 applied by the variable amplitude rope 25 at the third end 211c substantially opposite to the direction of the force F i1 , thereby offsetting part of the interaction force, and the force is reasonable, thereby being safer and more reliable.
  • the truss beam 211 raises the exit point (i.e., the third end 211c) of the luffing rope 25.
  • the tension force F i1 of the first pulling member 32 and the tension force F bf2 of the luffing rope 25 are both at large angles with the truss beam 211, and both are obtuse angles. Therefore, neither of these two forces will generate pressure on the truss beam 211. Only the tension force F bf1 of the luffing rope 25 forms an acute angle with the truss beam 211, which will generate pressure on the truss beam 211.
  • the force decomposition directions of the forces F i1 and F bf2 along the truss beam 211 are both in the opposite direction of the pressure it bears, which can reduce the force on the truss beam 211, improve the force on the structural parts, make the overall force more reasonable, safer and more reliable, and make the structural parts lighter.
  • the forces F i1 and F i2 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the action and reaction forces
  • the forces F z1 and F z2 are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the action and reaction forces.
  • the pulley axis of the guide pulley assembly is taken as the center of the circle
  • the direction from the hinge point of the truss beam 211 on the turntable to the center of the circle is taken as the y-axis
  • the direction perpendicular to the y-axis is taken as the x-axis.
  • Force decomposition is performed in the coordinate system formed by the x-axis and the y-axis.
  • the components F i1x and F bf2x of the forces F i1 and F bf2 on the x-axis are in opposite directions and can partially offset each other.
  • the components F i1x and F bf1x of the forces F i1 and F bf1 on the x-axis are in opposite directions and can partially offset each other.
  • the components F i1y and F bf1y /F bf2y of the forces F i1 and F bf1 /F bf2 on the y-axis only the component F bf1y will generate pressure on the truss beam 211, and the components F i1y and F bf1y offset part of the pressure in the opposite direction.
  • This arrangement is more conducive to the force of the structural parts, making the overall force more reasonable, safer and more reliable, and the structural parts lighter.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crane embodiment according to the present disclosure when the connecting frame and the guide pulley assembly are removed.
  • the connecting frame 21 is detachably arranged on the turntable 12.
  • the connecting frame and the guide pulley assembly can also be removed to restore the crane to a conventional structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

一种起重机，包括：底盘(11)、转台(12)、桅杆(13)、臂架(14)和变幅机构(20)，转台(12)可转动地设置在底盘(11)上，桅杆(13)和臂架(14)均可转动地设置在转台(12)上，桅杆(13)通过第二牵拉件(15)与臂架(14)连接，变幅机构(20)设置在转台(12)上，用于实现臂架(14)的变幅；其中，变幅机构(20)包括：连接架(21)，设置在转台(12)上；导向滑轮组件(22)，设置在连接架(21)上；变幅滑轮组件(23)，设置在转台(12)上，且低于导向滑轮组件(22)的设置位置；和拉绳驱动部件(24)，用于引出和驱动与桅杆(13)连接的变幅拉绳(25)，并使变幅拉绳(25)绕经导向滑轮组件(22)和变幅滑轮组件(23)。

Description

起重机
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是以CN申请号为202310132935.4，申请日为2023年2月17日的申请为基础，并主张其优先权，该CN申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及工程机械领域，尤其涉及一种起重机。
背景技术
施工效率是工程应用中非常关键的技术指标。随着施工场景的不断改变，例如绿色石化升级改造、市政建设等，对起重机的狭小空间作业适应性、施工效率等提出了更高的需求。
根据国家标准对起重机不同工况下主要结构的定义，起重机的作业工况包括不带超起机构的标准工况和带超起机构的超起工况。对应于这两类作业工况的起重机在结构形式和工作原理上存在差异。与超起工况施工相比，标准工况施工无需拆装超起装置，部件量较少，成本较低，作业效率较高，对起重机的狭小空间作业适应性较好。
在标准工况起重机的变幅系统中，变幅滑轮组安装在转台尾部，通过变幅钢丝绳与桅杆头部连接，变幅系统能力的重要指标为变幅力矩，变幅力矩等于变幅力和力臂的乘积。同时为了提高标准工况整机稳定性，在转台尾部增加一附加配重，提升整机的抗倾覆力矩。
发明内容
发明人经研究发现，标准工况起重机的变幅系统受限于变幅系统能力及整机稳定性问题，长臂起臂较难，限制了其臂架最大长度，无法发挥整机的最大吊装能力。如果通过加大变幅卷扬拉力来提高变幅卷扬扭矩，则需要增大卷扬的减速机的输出功率，这将同时对桅杆、变幅钢丝绳的承载力提出更高的要求。如果通过增加桅杆长度和转台长度来增大变幅力臂，则需要使转台和桅杆变长。无论是新产品开发还是老产品改制，这两种方式均将导致履带起重机的研发周期和成本显著增加。
有鉴于此，本公开实施例提供一种起重机，能够改善标准工况下整机的变幅系统 能力。
在本公开的一个方面，提供一种起重机，包括：底盘、转台、桅杆、臂架和变幅机构，所述转台可转动地设置在所述底盘上，所述桅杆和所述臂架均可转动地设置在所述转台上，所述桅杆通过第二牵拉件与所述臂架连接，所述变幅机构设置在所述转台上，用于实现所述臂架的变幅；其中，所述变幅机构包括：
连接架，设置在所述转台上；
导向滑轮组件，设置在所述连接架上；
变幅滑轮组件，设置在所述转台上，且低于所述导向滑轮组件的设置位置；和
拉绳驱动部件，用于引出和驱动与所述桅杆连接的变幅拉绳，并使所述变幅拉绳绕经所述导向滑轮组件和所述变幅滑轮组件。
在一些实施例中，所述导向滑轮组件在所述臂架的变幅平面上的投影点为D，所述变幅滑轮组件与所述转台的连接位置在所述臂架的变幅平面上的投影点为C，所述桅杆与所述变幅拉绳的连接位置在所述臂架的变幅平面上的投影点为A，所述桅杆与所述转台的连接位置在所述臂架的变幅平面上的投影点为B；在所述桅杆的至少部分工作行程内，投影点D位于投影点连线AC远离投影点B的一侧。
在一些实施例中，在所述桅杆的全部工作行程内，投影点D均位于投影点连线AC远离投影点B的一侧。
在一些实施例中，所述连接架可拆地设置在所述转台上。
在一些实施例中，所述连接架连接在所述转台的尾部。
在一些实施例中，所述连接架与所述转台的尾部竖立端面可拆卸地连接，且位于所述尾部竖立端面所在平面远离所述臂架的一侧。
在一些实施例中，所述连接架包括桁架结构。
在一些实施例中，所述起重机还包括：
配重挂载装置，与所述连接架连接；和
配重系统，设置在所述配重挂载装置上，被配置为给所述起重机提供配重。
在一些实施例中，所述配重挂载装置包括：
挂载架，一端与所述连接架可转动地连接，另一端通过第一牵拉件与所述连接架连接；
其中，所述第一牵拉件位于所述挂载架的上侧，所述配重系统位置可调地设置在所述挂载架上。
在一些实施例中，所述配重挂载装置还包括：
移动机构，可移动地设置在所述挂载架上；和
提升机构，设置在移动机构上，并与所述配重系统连接。
在一些实施例中，所述配重挂载装置还包括：
驱动机构，连接在所述移动机构和所述连接架之间，被配置为驱动所述移动机构相对于所述连接架在所述挂载架的表面移动。
在一些实施例中，所述移动机构的移动方向与水平面平行，并与所述臂架的变幅轴线垂直。
在一些实施例中，所述连接架包括：
桁架梁，具有第一端、第二端和第三端，所述第一端与所述转台连接，所述第二端和所述第三端分别与所述挂载架和所述第一牵拉件连接；和
支撑杆，位于所述桁架梁的下侧，所述支撑杆的一端与所述转台连接，另一端与所述桁架梁或所述挂载架连接。
在一些实施例中，所述导向滑轮组件位于所述第三端。
在一些实施例中，所述配重挂载装置可拆地与所述连接架连接。
因此，根据本公开实施例，在转台上设置连接架和变幅滑轮组件，并在连接架上设置导向滑轮组件，拉伸驱动部件引出变幅拉绳来连接桅杆，并使变幅拉绳绕经导向滑轮组件和变幅滑轮组件。由于变幅滑轮组件的设置位置低于导向滑轮的设置位置，使得绕经导向滑轮组件变幅拉绳引向桅杆的出绳点提高，相比于相关技术直接从变幅滑轮组件引向桅杆的较低出绳点，可使得变幅拉绳的力臂得以增大，从而在不增大变幅拉绳的拉力的情况下提高变幅力矩，从而有利于提高变幅系统能力，减少对桅杆、变幅拉绳、转台的承载能力以及长度等的要求，从而也有利于降低成本。
附图说明
构成说明书的一部分的附图描述了本公开的实施例，并且连同说明书一起用于解释本公开的原理。
参照附图，根据下面的详细描述，可以更加清楚地理解本公开，其中：
图1是根据本公开起重机的一些实施例的结构示意图；
图2是根据本公开起重机实施例的配重调整及各部件在变幅平面上的投影点位置示意图；
图3是根据本公开起重机实施例在转台尾部区域的放大示意图；
图4是图3的受力分析示意图；
图5是图4中连接架的受力分析示意图；
图6是根据本公开起重机实施例在拆除配重挂载装置和配重系统时的结构示意图；
图7是根据本公开起重机实施例在拆除连接架和导向滑轮组件时的结构示意图。
应当明白，附图中所示出的各个部分的尺寸并不是按照实际的比例关系绘制的。此外，相同或类似的参考标号表示相同或类似的构件。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本公开的各种示例性实施例。对示例性实施例的描述仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本公开及其应用或使用的任何限制。本公开可以以许多不同的形式实现，不限于这里所述的实施例。提供这些实施例是为了使本公开透彻且完整，并且向本领域技术人员充分表达本公开的范围。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、材料的组分、数字表达式和数值应被解释为仅仅是示例性的，而不是作为限制。
本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指在该词前的要素涵盖在该词后列举的要素，并不排除也涵盖其他要素的可能。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
在本公开中，当描述到特定器件位于第一器件和第二器件之间时，在该特定器件与第一器件或第二器件之间可以存在居间器件，也可以不存在居间器件。当描述到特定器件连接其它器件时，该特定器件可以与所述其它器件直接连接而不具有居间器件，也可以不与所述其它器件直接连接而具有居间器件。
本公开使用的所有术语(包括技术术语或者科学术语)与本公开所属领域的普通技术人员理解的含义相同，除非另外特别定义。还应当理解，在诸如通用字典中定义的术语应当被解释为具有与它们在相关技术的上下文中的含义相一致的含义，而不应用理想化或极度形式化的意义来解释，除非这里明确地这样定义。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适 当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
如图1到图5所示，本公开实施例提供了一种起重机。该起重机包括底盘11、转台12、桅杆13、臂架14和变幅机构20。
底盘11可以为履带底盘，也可以为其他形式的底盘，例如轮式起重机底盘或环轨式底盘。底盘11可以在作业场地行走，也可以固定在作业场地上。根据采用的底盘类型，起重机可以为履带起重机、汽车起重机或轨道式起重机。
转台12可转动地设置在所述底盘11上，例如通过回转体安装在底盘11上，可绕垂直于水平面的竖直轴线相对于底盘11转动。根据起重机的稳定性要求，转台12上可设置或不设置固定配重。
桅杆13和臂架14均可转动地设置在所述转台12上，所述桅杆13通过第二牵拉件15与所述臂架14连接。桅杆13可以为单个桅杆，也可以成对设置。臂架14可包括主臂，还可以包括可装拆在主臂上的副臂等。
第二牵拉件15可以为拉板或拉绳等。第二牵拉件15的一端可连接臂架14的臂头或臂身，另一端可连接桅杆13远离转台12一侧的末端。第二牵拉件15的数量可以与桅杆13的数量相同。
变幅机构20设置在所述转台12上，用于实现所述臂架14的变幅。变幅机构20可通过对桅杆13的牵拉作用使桅杆13相对于转台12转动。随着桅杆13的转动，通过第二牵拉件15带动臂架14进行变幅。臂架14的变幅范围对应于桅杆13的全部工作行程。
变幅机构20包括连接架21、导向滑轮组件22、变幅滑轮组件23和拉绳驱动部件24。连接架21设置在所述转台12上。导向滑轮组件22设置在所述连接架21上。变幅滑轮组件23设置在所述转台12上，且低于所述导向滑轮组件22的设置位置。
拉绳驱动部件24用于引出和驱动与所述桅杆13连接的变幅拉绳25，并使所述变幅拉绳25绕经所述导向滑轮组件22和所述变幅滑轮组件23。变幅拉绳25可以为钢丝绳或其他材质的拉绳。变幅拉绳25可以与桅杆13末端的滑轮组进行连接。拉绳驱动部件24可以包括由电机或内燃机驱动的变幅卷扬机构，通过变幅卷扬机构的卷筒转动来收放变幅拉绳。
参考图1，导向滑轮组件22可设置在连接架21的顶端，也可以设置在连接架21的其他位置，其位置高于变幅滑轮组件23的设置位置即可。变幅拉绳25绕过导向滑轮组件22和变幅滑轮组件23，可以与转台12和桅杆13形成四边形。在一些实施例 中，导向滑轮组件22设为多个，且位于连接架21的不同位置，则变幅拉绳25绕过导向滑轮组件22和变幅滑轮组件23，可以与转台12和桅杆13形成更多边的多边形。
通过拉绳驱动部件24对变幅拉绳25的收放，可使得导向滑轮组件22与桅杆13上的滑轮组之间的变幅拉绳长度缩小或增大。在导向滑轮组件22和转台12保持不动的情况下，桅杆13随变幅拉绳的收放相对于转台12转动，以带动臂架14变幅，实现臂架14俯仰角度的调整。
对于起重机来说，变幅系统能力的重要指标为变幅力矩。变幅力矩等于变幅力和力臂的乘积。参考图2，带双箭头的虚线为相关技术中变幅系统的力臂L2’，带双箭头的实线为本公开实施例的变幅机构的力臂L2。由于位于连接架21顶端的导向滑轮组件22高于转台上的变幅滑轮组件23，使得力臂L2大于力臂L2’，从而在相同变幅力的前提下，本公开实施例能提供的变幅力矩更高，从而使得变幅系统能力显著提升。
相比于相关技术直接从变幅滑轮组件引向桅杆的较低出绳点，本公开实施例可使得变幅拉绳的力臂得以增大，从而在不增大变幅拉绳的拉力的情况下提高变幅力矩，从而有利于提高变幅系统能力，减少对桅杆、变幅拉绳、转台的承载能力以及长度等的要求。
在整机工作过程中，通过提高变幅拉绳的出绳点，增大了变幅拉绳的力臂，此时允许使用更小变幅力的机构，从而降低对桅杆、变幅拉绳、转台的承载能力以及长度等的要求有利于降低成本和研发周期。
本公开实施例可适用于不带超起机构的标准工况的起重机。例如在国家标准GB/T 14560中，履带起重机的标准工况为不带超起机构的起重机的作业工况。标准工况的起重机使用的部件部件数量少很多，购买、使用、运输等成本更低，拆装、作业效率更高。其存在的变幅系统能力可通过本公开实施例中的变幅机构进行提升。
图2所示的平面为臂架14的变幅平面。参考图1和图2，导向滑轮组件22在所述臂架14的变幅平面上的投影点为D，所述变幅滑轮组件23与所述转台12的连接位置在所述臂架14的变幅平面上的投影点为C，所述桅杆13与所述变幅拉绳25的连接位置在所述臂架14的变幅平面上的投影点为A，所述桅杆13与所述转台12的连接位置在所述臂架14的变幅平面上的投影点为B。
随着桅杆13的转动，投影点A也相应地变动位置。在桅杆13的至少部分工作行程内，投影点D位于投影点连线AC远离投影点B的一侧。这样可使得力臂L2在桅 杆13的至少部分工作行程内始终大于力臂L2’，从而使得变幅拉绳的变幅力矩在臂架14的变幅范围的至少部分内得以提升。优选地，在所述桅杆13的全部工作行程(例如图2中桅杆13工作行程对应于90°到100°的转动角度)内，可使得投影点D均位于投影点连线AC远离投影点B的一侧。
参考图1到图2，为了改善起重机在标准工况下作业的稳定性，在一些实施例中，起重机还包括配重挂载装置30和配重系统40。配重挂载装置30与所述连接架21连接。配重系统40设置在所述配重挂载装置30上，被配置为给所述起重机提供配重。配重系统40可包括一个或多个配重块，且可根据需要增加或减少配重块的数量，或调整配重块的规格。
参考图2和图3，在一些实施例中，所述配重挂载装置30包括挂载架31。挂载架31的一端与所述连接架21可转动地连接，另一端通过第一牵拉件32与所述连接架21连接。所述第一牵拉件32位于所述挂载架31的上侧，所述配重系统40位置可调地设置在所述挂载架31上。第一牵拉件32可以为拉板或拉绳。
相较于相关技术中通常使用的固定式附加配重，由于配重系统在挂载架上位置可调，从而在相同配重条件下使得产生的抗倾覆力矩根据实际需求进行调整。为方便说明，这里暂忽略其余能够产生抗倾覆力矩如转台的重量等。在图2中，在臂架处于右侧时，底盘右侧的履带轮对应于整机倾覆线。对于位于转台左侧的配重系统40来说，根据其具体位置，配重系统40到整机倾覆线的距离为L1或L1’。
整机抗倾覆能力的重要指标为抗倾覆力矩。整机的抗倾覆力矩等于配重系统的重量与配重系统到整机倾覆线的距离的乘积。
例如，在吊装过程中当需要提供较大的抗倾覆力矩时，可以将配重系统40推至离转台较远的位置。完成吊装后不需要那么大的抗倾覆力矩，且整机移位时附加配重需离地，当配重系统处于该位置时提升配重系统，则整机容易向后倾翻，此时可以将配重系统40收回至离转台较近的位置，此时配重系统所能提供的抗倾覆力矩较小，在整机移位且配重系统离地时不容易发生倾翻，从而无需反复的拆装配重。
由于配重系统40可以实现推移，其所能提供的抗倾覆距离明显增大，并可以根据实际吊重以及吊重过程中的不同姿态进行动态的时时调整，保证整机在安全性的前提下重心在更加安全、合理的范围。这样本实施例充分利用变幅机构中的连接架连接固定配重挂载装置，将限制起重机在标准工况下的臂长及性能提升的变幅系统能力和整机稳定性的两大难点问题通过比较紧凑的结构同时解决。
参考图3和图4，在一些实施例中，所述配重挂载装置30还包括：移动机构33和提升机构34。移动机构33可移动地设置在所述挂载架31上。移动机构33可以为挂载架31的上表面移动的小车，小车通过滚轮在挂载架31上的滚动实现移动。移动机构33也可以直接在挂载架31上滑动。
提升机构34设置在移动机构33上，并与所述配重系统40连接。提升机构34可以将配重系统40向下下放到地面，或者向上提起配重系统40，使其脱离地面，从而方便配重系统安装时由于地面的不平整进行调节或整机作业时配重系统的离地或着地要求。提升机构34可采用提升油缸的伸缩来实现提升动作，也可以采用其他形式的提升机构，例如气动或电动提升机构等。
在图3中，所述配重挂载装置30还可包括驱动机构35。驱动机构35连接在所述移动机构33和所述连接架21之间，被配置为驱动所述移动机构33相对于所述连接架21在所述挂载架31的表面移动。驱动机构35可采用油缸来推动或拉动移动机构33，也可以采用其他形式的驱动机构，例如气动或电动推拉机构等。
参考图2，在一些实施例中，所述移动机构33的移动方向v与水平面平行，并与所述臂架14的变幅轴线垂直。这样移动装置33可以更快捷地调整配重系统到转台的距离。
图6是根据本公开起重机实施例在拆除配重挂载装置和配重系统时的结构示意图。参考图3、图4和图6，所述配重挂载装置30可拆地与所述连接架21连接。这样，在一些场景下起重机可通过拆除配重挂载装置和配重系统来实现变形使用，拆卸后的附图参见图6。此时可在倾覆风险较小的情况下减少空间占用。
在图2中，所述连接架21连接在所述转台12的尾部121，这样有利于设置配重挂载装置和配重系统，并有利于提高变幅拉绳的出绳点。所述连接架21与所述转台12的尾部竖立端面可拆卸地连接，且位于所述尾部竖立端面所在平面远离所述臂架14的一侧。
在一些实施例中，所述连接架21包括桁架结构，可减轻连接架的重量。参考图3，所述连接架21可包括桁架梁211和支撑杆212。桁架梁采用桁架结构，质量更轻。桁架梁211具有第一端211a、第二端211b和第三端211c，所述第一端211a与所述转台12连接，所述第二端211b和所述第三端211c分别与所述挂载架31和所述第一牵拉件32连接。桁架梁可铰接在转台12的尾部，也可以方便地调整导向滑轮组件的高度位置，并且也方便桁架梁的安装或拆卸。
支撑杆212位于所述桁架梁211的下侧，所述支撑杆212的一端与所述转台12连接，另一端与所述桁架梁211或所述挂载架31连接。这种结构可以确保配重系统40在挂载架31上的稳定。支撑杆212可对桁架梁211实现稳定支撑，并且可根据需要选用不同长度规格来匹配桁架梁211的位置。
图4示出了桁架梁211的受力分析简图。对于配重系统，通过支撑杆212的支撑作用(力Fz2)以及第一牵拉件32的拉力(力Fi2)作用使得配重系统40(力G)能够离地，进而实现推移功能。第一牵拉件32连接在桁架梁211的第三端211c，导向滑轮组件22可设置在第三端211c，这种共作用点的结构，使得变幅拉绳25在第三端211c施加的力Fbf2与力Fi1方向基本相反，从而可以抵消部分相互作用力，受力合理，从而更加安全可靠。
桁架梁211将变幅拉绳25的出绳点(即第三端211c)抬高，第一牵拉件32的拉力Fi1和变幅拉绳25的拉力Fbf2与桁架梁211的角度都较大，均呈钝角，因此这两个力均不会对桁架梁211产生压力。仅有变幅拉绳25的拉力Fbf1与桁架梁211呈锐角，会对桁架梁211产生压力。但力Fi1和Fbf2沿着桁架梁211的受力分解方向均为其承受压力的相反方向，可以减轻桁架梁211的受力，改善结构件受力，使得整体受力更合理，更安全可靠，结构件也更轻。在图4中，力Fi1和Fi2为大小相等且方向相反的作用力和反作用力，力Fz1和力Fz2为大小相等且方向相反的作用力和反作用力。
具体地，参考图5，以导向滑轮组件的滑轮轴线为圆心，以桁架梁211在转台上的铰点到该圆心的方向为y轴，与y轴垂直的方向为x轴。在x轴和y轴构成的坐标系下进行受力分解。力Fi1和Fbf2两者在x轴上的分力Fi1x和Fbf2x方向相反，可相互抵消部分。力Fi1和Fbf1两者在x轴上的分力Fi1x和Fbf1x方向相反，可相互抵消部分。力Fi1和Fbf1/Fbf2三者在y轴上的分力Fi1y和Fbf1y/Fbf2y中仅有分力Fbf1y会对桁架梁211产生压力，分力Fi1y和Fbf1y在反方向抵消部分压力。通过此种布置，更有利于结构件的受力，使得整体受力更合理，更安全可靠，结构件更轻。
图7是根据本公开起重机实施例在拆除连接架和导向滑轮组件时的结构示意图。参考图6和图7，在一些实施例中，所述连接架21可拆地设置在所述转台12上。在臂架较短或是某些无需提升的工况下，也可以通过拆除连接架及导向滑轮组件来恢复为常规的起重机结构形式。
至此，已经详细描述了本公开的各实施例。为了避免遮蔽本公开的构思，没有描述本领域所公知的一些细节。本领域技术人员根据上面的描述，完全可以明白如何实 施这里公开的技术方案。
虽然已经通过示例对本公开的一些特定实施例进行了详细说明，但是本领域的技术人员应该理解，以上示例仅是为了进行说明，而不是为了限制本公开的范围。本领域的技术人员应该理解，可在不脱离本公开的范围和精神的情况下，对以上实施例进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换。本公开的范围由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种起重机，包括：底盘(11)、转台(12)、桅杆(13)、臂架(14)和变幅机构(20)，所述转台(12)可转动地设置在所述底盘(11)上，所述桅杆(13)和所述臂架(14)均可转动地设置在所述转台(12)上，所述桅杆(13)通过第二牵拉件(15)与所述臂架(14)连接，所述变幅机构(20)设置在所述转台(12)上，用于实现所述臂架(14)的变幅；其中，所述变幅机构(20)包括：
    连接架(21)，设置在所述转台(12)上；
    导向滑轮组件(22)，设置在所述连接架(21)上；
    变幅滑轮组件(23)，设置在所述转台(12)上，且低于所述导向滑轮组件(22)的设置位置；和
    拉绳驱动部件(24)，用于引出和驱动与所述桅杆(13)连接的变幅拉绳(25)，并使所述变幅拉绳(25)绕经所述导向滑轮组件(22)和所述变幅滑轮组件(23)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的起重机，其中所述导向滑轮组件(22)在所述臂架(14)的变幅平面上的投影点为D，所述变幅滑轮组件(23)与所述转台(12)的连接位置在所述臂架(14)的变幅平面上的投影点为C，所述桅杆(13)与所述变幅拉绳(25)的连接位置在所述臂架(14)的变幅平面上的投影点为A，所述桅杆(13)与所述转台(12)的连接位置在所述臂架(14)的变幅平面上的投影点为B；在所述桅杆(13)的至少部分工作行程内，投影点D位于投影点连线AC远离投影点B的一侧。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的起重机，其中在所述桅杆(13)的全部工作行程内，投影点D均位于投影点连线AC远离投影点B的一侧。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一所述的起重机，其中所述连接架(21)可拆地设置在所述转台(12)上。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一所述的起重机，其中所述连接架(21)连接在所述转台(12)的尾部(121)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的起重机，其中所述连接架(21)与所述转台(12)的尾部竖立端面可拆卸地连接，且位于所述尾部竖立端面所在平面远离所述臂架(14)的一侧。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的起重机，其中所述连接架(21)包括桁架结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一所述的起重机，还包括：
    配重挂载装置(30)，与所述连接架(21)连接；和
    配重系统(40)，设置在所述配重挂载装置(30)上，被配置为给所述起重机提供配重。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的起重机，其中所述配重挂载装置(30)包括：
    挂载架(31)，一端与所述连接架(21)可转动地连接，另一端通过第一牵拉件(32)与所述连接架(21)连接；
    其中，所述第一牵拉件(32)位于所述挂载架(31)的上侧，所述配重系统(40)位置可调地设置在所述挂载架(31)上。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的起重机，其中所述配重挂载装置(30)还包括：
    移动机构(33)，可移动地设置在所述挂载架(31)上；和
    提升机构(34)，设置在移动机构(33)上，并与所述配重系统(40)连接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的起重机，其中所述配重挂载装置(30)还包括：
    驱动机构(35)，连接在所述移动机构(33)和所述连接架(21)之间，被配置为驱动所述移动机构(33)相对于所述连接架(21)在所述挂载架(31)的表面移动。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的起重机，其中所述移动机构(33)的移动方向与水平面平行，并与所述臂架(14)的变幅轴线垂直。
  13. 根据权利要求9-12任一所述的起重机，其中所述连接架(21)包括：
    桁架梁(211)，具有第一端(211a)、第二端(211b)和第三端(211c)，所述第一端(211a)与所述转台(12)连接，所述第二端(211b)和所述第三端(211c)分别与所述挂载架(31)和所述第一牵拉件(32)连接；和
    支撑杆(212)，位于所述桁架梁(211)的下侧，所述支撑杆(212)的一端与所述转台(12)连接，另一端与所述桁架梁(211)或所述挂载架(31)连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的起重机，其中所述导向滑轮组件(22)位于所述第三端(211c)。
  15. 根据权利要求8-14任一所述的起重机，其中所述配重挂载装置(30)可拆地与所述连接架(21)连接。
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