WO2024149489A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von wärme - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von wärme Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2024149489A1 WO2024149489A1 PCT/EP2023/081117 EP2023081117W WO2024149489A1 WO 2024149489 A1 WO2024149489 A1 WO 2024149489A1 EP 2023081117 W EP2023081117 W EP 2023081117W WO 2024149489 A1 WO2024149489 A1 WO 2024149489A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- oxidizing agent
- heat
- mixture
- product gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
- F23C9/06—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for completing combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
- F23C13/08—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material characterised by the catalytic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/9901—Combustion process using hydrogen, hydrogen peroxide water or brown gas as fuel
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for generating heat.
- Exothermic reactions such as combustion can be used to generate process heat.
- fuels e.g. hydrogen-containing compounds such as C x H y , N x H y or hydrogen itself, H2 are burned with an oxidizing agent, e.g. atmospheric oxygen.
- an oxidizing agent e.g. atmospheric oxygen.
- the temperature depends on the air ratio A.
- the air ratio A also known as the combustion air ratio, indicates the mass ratio of air to fuel relative to the stoichiometrically ideal ratio for a complete combustion process.
- Combustion can take place in a furnace.
- the resulting hot gas can transfer the heat to a secondary circuit (e.g. water, thermal oil, process steam) via a heat exchanger.
- the hot medium conducts the required heat into the respective process, cools down in the process and is then heated up again.
- Thermal oils for example, are subject to high stress due to high film temperatures.
- a method for generating heat in which a mixture is produced.
- the mixture comprises a gaseous fuel and a gaseous oxidizing agent.
- the mixture can also comprise one or more inert gases.
- the fuel is oxidized, in particular by means of the oxidizing agent.
- the oxygen concentration of the mixture is below the oxygen limit concentration.
- the explosive range or explosion range is the range of mixing ratios of fuel, oxidizing agent and possibly inert gases in which the mixture of fuel, oxidizing agent and possibly inert gas is explosive.
- the mixture is outside the explosive range, namely the oxygen concentration of the mixture is below the oxygen limit concentration.
- the oxygen limit concentration indicates the oxygen content below which an overall mixture is no longer explosive. There is not enough oxygen to enable an explosion. This means that a flame that is independent of the ignition source can no longer propagate on its own. In particular, there is no explosive mixture present at any point in the process. In this way, the technical effort can be significantly reduced. At the same time, safety can be guaranteed in a simple and effective way.
- the fuel is a gaseous fuel that can oxidize with oxygen or air.
- it can be hydrogen, a compound of the general formula C x H y , for example methane, or a compound of the general formula N x H y . Mixtures are also possible.
- the fuel can also be present in any mixing ratio with one or more other gases, which may be inert.
- the oxidizing agent may be or contain oxygen, for example.
- the oxidizing agent may also be present in any ratio with one or more other gases, which may be inert.
- the invention manages to achieve a global air ratio A of 1. This means that only as much air is needed in the process as is specified by the stoichiometry of the oxidation reaction.
- the oxidation takes place as heterogeneous catalysis with a catalyst.
- the catalyst and the reacting substances of the chemical reaction are in different phases.
- the catalyst is a solid.
- the catalysis is a gas phase catalysis.
- the fuel and the oxidizing agent are present as gases.
- Catalytic oxidation is also known as catalytic combustion. Catalytic oxidation is an exothermic reaction that produces usable heat.
- the volume taken up by the mixture of fuel and oxidant is relatively large due to the nature of the equipment, so that ignition and explosion in the case of an explosive mixture would have potentially devastating effects.
- the mixture with an oxygen content below the oxygen limit concentration is therefore particularly advantageous in conjunction with catalysis.
- a structure coated with a catalyst is used.
- the structure is preferably optimized so that the pressure loss is as low as possible.
- the structure is preferably optimized so that the heat generated can be dissipated well.
- the catalyst is in thermal contact with a heat sink. In this way, the heat generated can be transferred directly to the heat sink.
- the heat transfer can take place directly from the catalyst to the heat sink.
- the heat sink can be the structure coated with catalyst or be thermally connected to such a structure.
- catalysis takes place directly on the surface of the heat sink. The heat can therefore be dissipated and transferred directly from the surface of the catalyst.
- significantly lower temperatures are reached during catalysis compared to conventional combustion processes. This significantly reduces the amount of equipment required. No design for the temperatures occurring during conventional combustion is necessary.
- a heat sink is an object that dissipates heat.
- the method can be used to heat a room.
- the heat sink transfers the heat directly to the area or device to be heated.
- the heat dissipator is a heat exchanger.
- a heat exchanger is designed to conduct heat from the catalyst to another location. The heat is therefore conducted directly from the catalyst, which enables immediate monitoring and/or control of the process temperature.
- the heat can be transported to the location where it is needed without further changing the heat carrier. This ensures heat transfer that is particularly simple in terms of equipment and also results in particularly low losses. Fewer heat transfers mean that the process is highly efficient.
- the catalyst is a solid.
- the catalyst is in mechanical contact with the heat sink. This can be a direct or an indirect mechanical contact.
- the heat can be transferred from the catalyst to the heat sink by conduction.
- a recirculated product gas is also used to produce the mixture.
- a product gas is a gas produced during oxidation.
- the product gas is a combustion product.
- the product gas is inert. This is possible in particular when a complete stoichiometric conversion takes place in the oxidation.
- the concentration of the oxidizing agent and/or the fuel is reduced by recirculation.
- the mixture therefore contains fuel, oxidizing agent and product gas.
- the oxygen concentration is reduced by recirculation so that it is below the oxygen limit concentration.
- a recirculated product gas is a product gas that originates from the oxidation, in particular is produced as a product of the oxidation, and is returned to be fed into the oxidation again.
- the preparation of the mixture and/or the oxidation takes place continuously. It is typically a continuous process.
- a product gas stream is split. A first part is recirculated and a second part releases heat to the fuel and/or the oxidant.
- the first part is therefore added to the oxidation feed.
- the second part is used to preheat the fuel and/or the oxidizing agent.
- at least one heat exchanger is present for this purpose.
- the preheating takes place before the mixture is produced.
- the second part is released as exhaust gas after preheating.
- the first part is conveyed by a fan. In this way, the recirculation flow can be specifically conveyed and/or controlled.
- the first part is fed into a feed line for the oxidizing agent.
- the oxidizing agent can be diluted in such a way that no explosive mixture can form. This enables, for example, Safe start-up of a reactor carrying out the process in which the fuel is slowly added with complete supply of the oxidizing agent and complete recirculation in order to completely consume the oxygen.
- both the fuel and the oxidant are heated by heat from product gas.
- the heating of the fuel takes place spatially separated from the heating of the oxidant.
- two separate heating processes take place.
- the second part of the product gas stream is split in order to heat the fuel and the oxidant by means of separate streams of the product gas.
- the mixture is produced after heating the fuel and the oxidizing agent.
- air is used as the oxidizing agent. This allows for minimal technical effort.
- the oxidation takes place at a temperature below 500°C, in particular below 400°C and/or above 100°C, in particular above 200°C. At these temperatures, a particularly efficient catalytic combustion can take place.
- the oxidation is at least substantially stoichiometric, so that a substantially inert product gas is produced.
- the device comprises a device for collecting and/or draining the condensate.
- a further aspect of the invention is a device for generating heat.
- the device comprises a supply line for gaseous fuel, a supply line for gaseous oxidizing agent, an oxidation reactor for oxidizing the fuel with the oxidizing agent and/or a discharge line for product gas.
- the device further comprises a mixing device which is designed such that a mixture of the fuel and the oxidizing agent can be produced, wherein the Oxygen concentration of the mixture is outside the explosion range, in particular below the oxygen limit concentration
- the device is particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention. All features, properties and advantages of the method described above also apply to the device and vice versa.
- the oxidation reactor contains a catalyst, in particular for heterogeneous catalysis.
- the method and/or apparatus is used to provide heat for an endothermic reaction separate from heat generation, for example for cracking ammonia. In another embodiment, the method and/or apparatus is used to remove fuel.
- Figure 2 a triangular diagram of the explosive area, as well as
- Figure 3 a schematic representation of a device according to the invention.
- Figure 1 shows different efficiencies of complete combustion of hydrogen with air according to the reaction Hz + 1 /z O2 -> H2O.
- the efficiencies q are shown with respect to the calorific value as a function of the exhaust gas temperature T in °C for different air ratios A. These efficiencies are independent of the type of combustion and apply to conventional combustion processes as well as to catalytic combustion. Efficiencies above 100% are achieved due to the condensation of the water vapor contained in the exhaust gas. The calculations apply to an ambient temperature of 20 °C.
- the lower explosion limit (LEL) for hydrogen in air at one bar atmospheric pressure is 4.0% at 20°, 3.4% at 100°, 2.9% at 200°, 2.1% at 300° and 1.5% at 400°.
- LEL lower explosion limit
- Figure 2 shows a triangular diagram, also referred to as a ternary diagram, in which the explosive region 30 is shown for a mixture of hydrogen, air and an inert gas, for example a recirculated product gas.
- the inert gas is composed, for example, of 35% water vapor and 65% N2, which corresponds to the composition of the product gas in a stoichiometric reaction.
- the percentage hydrogen 31, the percentage air 32 and the percentage inert gas 33 are plotted on the axes.
- a large part of the area in the triangle is taken up by the explosive area 30. Only a strip on the right-hand side and a very narrow strip at the bottom lie outside the explosive area 30.
- a particularly advantageous process window 35 is shown at the bottom right.
- the air content 32 is typically less than 15%
- the hydrogen content 31 is less than 5%
- the inert gas content 33 is greater than 80%.
- the oxygen concentration of the mixture is below the oxygen limit concentration.
- the decisive parameter for safety is not, as in conventional processes, the Fuel concentration in relation to the upper or lower explosion limit, but the oxygen concentration, typically in relation to the oxygen limit concentration.
- the oxygen concentration typically in relation to the oxygen limit concentration.
- a stoichiometric ratio of 4% H2 and 2% O2 from air can exist without being in the explosion range.
- a maximum of 2.1% H2 in air would be possible here. It turns out that due to the low-oxygen mixture according to the invention, higher fuel concentrations are possible outside the explosion range compared to the simple mixture of fuel and air.
- FIG 3 shows a process diagram of a device 8 according to the invention for generating heat.
- the oxidation reactor 10 is designed as a catalyst 11.
- An oxidizing agent 2, for example air, is conveyed to the oxidation reactor 10 via a first line by means of an optional first blower.
- Fuel 1 is metered into the first line via a second line, so that a mixture 3 of the fuel 1 and the oxidizing agent 2 is produced at the intersection point of the first line with the second line.
- the intersection point thus serves as a mixing device.
- a product gas 4 is produced. This is in particular inert.
- the product gas flow is divided into a first part 15 and a second part 16.
- the first part 15 is returned or recirculated into the first line by means of an optional second blower 25, preferably before the intersection point of the first line with the second line.
- the inflowing oxidizing agent 2 is accordingly first diluted with the inert product gas 4 before the fuel 1 is added. In this way, it can be ensured that the oxygen concentration is low at all times.
- the second part 16 of the product gas 4 is also preferably divided.
- a first portion of the second part 16 is used in a first heat exchanger 21 to heat the oxidizing agent 2.
- the first heat exchanger 21 is located between the first blower 24 and the inlet of the recirculated product gas 4 into the first line. Deviating from this, the first heat exchanger 21 can also be arranged in front of the first blower 24.
- heat generated during catalysis is used to heat the oxidizing agent. For example, air, in particular an air stream, is heated. In particular, this takes place in a heat exchanger.
- the separate Heating of fuel 1 and oxidizer 2 helps to ensure that an explosive mixture is never present.
- a second portion of the second part 16 is used in a second heat exchanger 22 to heat the fuel 1.
- the second heat exchanger 22 is located before the intersection point of the first line with the second line.
- Oxidizing agent mixture Product gas contraption Oxidation reactor catalyst Heat sink First part Second part First heat exchanger Second heat exchanger First blower Second fan exhaust Efficiency Product gas temperature Explosive area Hydrogen content Air content Inert gas content Process window
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020257026613A KR20250133424A (ko) | 2023-01-13 | 2023-11-08 | 열 생성 방법 및 장치 |
| AU2023422608A AU2023422608A1 (en) | 2023-01-13 | 2023-11-08 | Method and device for generating heat |
| JP2025539933A JP2026502479A (ja) | 2023-01-13 | 2023-11-08 | 熱を生成するための方法及び装置 |
| EP23801796.6A EP4649267A1 (de) | 2023-01-13 | 2023-11-08 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von wärme |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023200245.0 | 2023-01-13 | ||
| DE102023200245.0A DE102023200245B3 (de) | 2023-01-13 | 2023-01-13 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Wärme |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024149489A1 true WO2024149489A1 (de) | 2024-07-18 |
Family
ID=88731663
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/081117 Ceased WO2024149489A1 (de) | 2023-01-13 | 2023-11-08 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur erzeugung von wärme |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4649267A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2026502479A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250133424A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2023422608A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023200245B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024149489A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023124322A1 (de) * | 2023-09-08 | 2025-03-13 | HYTING GmbH | Heizvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Heizvorrichtung |
| DE102024113650B3 (de) | 2024-05-15 | 2025-05-15 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Reaktor zur Durchführung von exothermen Reaktionen sowie Verwendung und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines solchen Reaktors |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040025805A1 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-02-12 | Toshihiro Kayahara | Combustion method and apparatus for NOx reduction |
| EP1650499A2 (de) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Verfahren und Anlage für fette/magere katalytische Verbrennung |
| WO2008104859A2 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-04 | Exel 2 S.R.L. | Boiler and method for operating said boiler |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5980596A (en) | 1997-04-25 | 1999-11-09 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Multi-injector autothermal reforming process and apparatus for producing synthesis gas (law 565). |
| JP5435846B2 (ja) | 2007-07-30 | 2014-03-05 | 日揮株式会社 | ガス混合装置及び合成ガス製造装置 |
| BR112012007204A2 (pt) | 2009-09-30 | 2016-04-05 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | aparelho misturador para misturar um gás combustível, aparelho de reação, processo para produzir um gás misturado e processo para fornecer um gás misturado |
-
2023
- 2023-01-13 DE DE102023200245.0A patent/DE102023200245B3/de active Active
- 2023-11-08 EP EP23801796.6A patent/EP4649267A1/de active Pending
- 2023-11-08 WO PCT/EP2023/081117 patent/WO2024149489A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-11-08 JP JP2025539933A patent/JP2026502479A/ja active Pending
- 2023-11-08 KR KR1020257026613A patent/KR20250133424A/ko active Pending
- 2023-11-08 AU AU2023422608A patent/AU2023422608A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040025805A1 (en) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-02-12 | Toshihiro Kayahara | Combustion method and apparatus for NOx reduction |
| EP1650499A2 (de) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Verfahren und Anlage für fette/magere katalytische Verbrennung |
| WO2008104859A2 (en) * | 2007-02-28 | 2008-09-04 | Exel 2 S.R.L. | Boiler and method for operating said boiler |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| ANONYMOUS: "TRGS 720: Gefährliche explosionsfähige Gemische - Allgemeines, 2 Begriffsbestimmungen", 10 January 2022 (2022-01-10), XP093117956, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://vorschriften.bgn-branchenwissen.de/daten/tr/trgs720/2.htm#23> [retrieved on 20240110] * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2023422608A1 (en) | 2025-06-05 |
| JP2026502479A (ja) | 2026-01-23 |
| KR20250133424A (ko) | 2025-09-05 |
| EP4649267A1 (de) | 2025-11-19 |
| DE102023200245B3 (de) | 2024-02-08 |
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