WO2024138522A1 - Method and apparatus for frequency resource allocation for terminal device - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the non-limiting and exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the technical field of mobile communication, and specifically to methods, apparatuses and computer programs for frequency resource allocation for terminal device.
- Various embodiments of the present disclosure mainly aim at providing a semi-dynamic mechanism for frequency resource allocation for random access channel of a second type of terminal device (such as CAT-M terminal device) .
- the second type of terminal device does not receive system information on updates of channel frequency resource, and share a same frequency band with a first type of terminal device.
- an impact of dynamic physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) of the first type such as LTE, NR, and/or any other type
- PRACH physical random access channel
- PRACH physical random access channel
- the final impact on physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) of every type (such as NR, LTE, CAT-M) of terminal device might be minimized.
- an apparatus at a base station may comprise a processor and a memory coupled to the processor.
- the memory may contain instructions executable by the processor, whereby the apparatus is operative to perform any step of the method according to the first aspect of the disclosure.
- FIG. 4a, 4b and 4c illustrate an exemplary diagram in which channel resource arrangement changes with dynamic allocation and deallocation of PUCCH format 1 PRB pair;
- FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary fluctuation pattern of legacy LTE dynamic PUCCH
- FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary procedure of semi-dynamic PRACH frequency allocation, compared to static PRACH frequency allocation
- FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
- Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU) , an open distributed unit (O-DU) , an open central unit (O-CU) , including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) , a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp) , or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification) .
- a near-real time control application e.g., xApp
- rApp non-real time control application
- Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors.
- the communication system QQ100 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and/or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections.
- the communication system QQ100 may include and/or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and/or other similar type of system.
- LTE, CAT-M, and NR PUCCH of them are always allocated at the first place, and then PRACH of them would be allocated. After the allocation of PRACH of LTE, CAT-M and NR, PUSCH of LTE, CAT-M, and NR would be allocated in the end.
- the NR PUCCH channel is located at both ends of the frequency band. Then, the CAT-M PUCCH channel is allocated next to the NR PUCCH channel, while the LTE PUCCH is allocated next to the CAT-M PUCCH channel. LTE/CAT-M PRACH is always allocated next to the allocation of LTE PUCCH in the frequency band.
- LTE/CAT-M PRACH is always allocated next to the allocation of LTE PUCCH in the frequency band
- the dynamic changes of LTE PUCCH frequency allocation would impact the frequency allocation of LTE/CAT-M PRACH.
- LTE PRACH are separate from CAT-M PRACH
- the dynamic changes of LTE PUCCH frequency allocation would impact the frequency allocation of LTE PRACH, and then the impact on LTE PRACH would further impact the frequency allocation of CAT-M PRACH.
- the impact on the frequency allocation of LTE/CAT-M PRACH or the frequency allocation of LTE PRACH would finally impact the frequency allocation of NR PRACH and NR PUSCH.
- FIG. 4a, 4b and 4c illustrate an exemplary diagram in which channel resource arrangement changes with dynamic allocation and deallocation of PUCCH format 1 PRB pair.
- channel resource arrangement is performed from a lower part of the frequency band.
- FIG. 4a illustrates a channel resource arrangement for uplink, in which the number of PRB pairs for PUCCH may be of an initial PUCCH size.
- FIG. 4b illustrations a channel resource arrangement for uplink, in which 1 additional PRB pair is allocated to PUCCH with respect to the initial PUCCH size.
- FIG. 4c illustrations a channel resource arrangement for uplink, in which 1 PRB pair is deallocated from PUCCH with respect to the initial PUCCH size.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary fluctuation pattern of legacy LTE dynamic PUCCH. It can be seen that PRB pairs for PUCCH may fluctuate continually with changes of the number of the remaining SR resources in a cell.
- frequency resource e.g., PRBs
- PRBs frequency resource
- the frequency offset would indicate an index of a start PRB for PRACH.
- the frequency offset of LTE/CAT-M PRACH will change with the size of PUCCH.
- PRACH allocation is performed from a lower part of a band (as shown in the channel arrangement 220 at the right side of FIG.
- CAT-M UE also called bandwidth reduced low complexity UE (BL UE)
- SI system information
- CAT-M UE which needs to execute connected mode random access may fail in this procedure after PRACH frequency change.
- a CAT-M UE in connected mode may need to execute a random access as a part of uplink resync procedure, when it detects an out-of-sync in uplink.
- a connected mode random access may also be triggered for a coverage enhancement (CE) profile switch procedure, or for SR over RACH.
- CE coverage enhancement
- CAT-M UE In these connected mode random access, CAT-M UE would utilize previously frequency offset maintained in the UE to position the frequency resources of CAT-M PRACH channel. If LTE dynamic PUCCH causes a changing of PRACH frequency allocation on-the-fly when PUCCH size is changed, the CAT-M UE could not correctly determine the frequency resource position of CAT-M PRACH channel, since it does not acquire a latest frequency offset of CAT-M PRACH channel from SI updates. Consequently, the connected mode random access will fail with the wrong frequency offset of CAT-M PRACH channel. Finally, reestablishment will happen.
- a base station may determine whether frequency resources to be allocated to the dynamic PUCCH will occupy at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to CAT-M PRACH or LTE PRACH or not. In case that the frequency resources to be allocated to the dynamic PUCCH will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the CAT-M PRACH or LTE PRACH, a first position of the frequency resources allocated to the CAT-M PRACH channel would be kept unchanged.
- PRACH allocation (such as allocation for LTE PRACH, CAT-M PRACH, and NR PRACH, and the like) can move toward a center of a frequency band for channel allocation, following a dynamic PUCCH, which is under the allocation situation toward the center of the frequency band.
- the PRACH allocation can stay unchanged and fixed, when the dynamic PUCCH is under deallocation, trying to move backward away from the center of the frequency band.
- the LTE/CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation would tightly follow the PUCCH allocation, growing together with the allocation of the dynamic PUCCH. If under a potential ESS situation, NR and LTE PRACH are at a same subframe, the NR PRACH would depend on LTE PRACH frequency allocation and would be equal to LTE PRACH offset +delta2 + offset.
- the parameter “delta2” may be a value equal to or larger than a total size of LTE PRACH and CAT-M PRACH.
- the parameter “offset” refers to an offset between NR and LTE grids, and may be set according to different bandwidths.
- Stage b of FIG. 6 a deallocation of dynamic LTE PUCCH occurred, which means that the number of current calculated LTE dynamic PUCCH format 1 PRBs is smaller than the number of previous dynamic PUCCH format 1 PRBs.
- LTE PRACH and CAT-M PRACH would not fall down with the LTE PUCCH, but suspend in their current frequency resource position. It means that the previous calculated value of LTE PRACH offset would not be updated as the legacy solution.
- the LTE/CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation will suspend at a highest frequency point instead of following the decreasing of dynamic PUCCH. If under a potential ESS situation, NR and LTE PRACH are at a same subframe, the NR PRACH would depend on LTE PRACH frequency allocation and would be equal to LTE PRACH Offset + delta2 + offset. Also, the NR PRACH frequency allocation will suspend at a highest frequency point as well.
- the LTE/CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation would continue to suspend at the highest frequency point until the dynamic PUCCH border the LTE/Cat-M PRACH frequency allocation.
- the previous calculated value of LTE PRACH offset is larger than the newly calculated value of LTE PRACH offset, or the increased PRBs for LTE PUCCH do not go beyond the LTE PRACH offset, it means that the frequency resource of the LTE PRACH is not occupied by the increased LTE PUCCH. In this case, the previous calculated value of PRACH Offset would not be updated.
- the NR PRACH frequency allocation will suspend at a highest frequency point as well.
- Current represents a number of frequency resources allocated to PUCCH after a dynamic adjustment
- previous represents a number of frequency resources of PUCCH before the dynamic adjustment
- the Current is a frequency offset of PRACH newly calculated to follow the dynamic adjustment of PUCCH (i.e., with a legacy algorithm) .
- the output can be calculated from
- the CAT-M PRACH and LTE PRACH share a same PRBs, and the both LTE and Cat-M PRACH frequency allocation starts from the lower part of the frequency band.
- the both LTE and Cat-M PRACH frequency allocation starts from the lower part of the frequency band.
- the CAT-M PRACH and LTE PRACH can be allocated with separate frequency resources.
- CAT-M PRACH may be allocated to be next to the LTE PRACH, as shown in FIG. 7.
- the value of “delta1” is an offset between LTE PRACH and CAT-M PRACH.
- the value of “delta1” may equal to or larger than a size (a number of PRBs) of LTE PRACH.
- nrPrachPrbStart is updated and derived from a new calculation result of prach-FrequencyOffset, which also resulting in less possibility of NR PRACH change.
- the value nrPrachPrbStart indicates a starting PRB index of NR PRACH.
- FIGs. 10a, 10b, 10c jointly illustrate an exemplary change procedure of PRB architecture in a subframe during a Stage a.
- CQI the number of PRBs for LTE PUCCH format 2
- 3 hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) -3 channel states sets (3CC)
- HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
- Both of sizes of LTE PUCCH format 2 and format 3 stay unchanged all the time, while only the number of PRBs for PUCCH format 1 would rise.
- the number of LTE PUCCH SR Users increases from 400 to 1200, and further to 2340 (from FIG. 10a, to FIG. 10b, further to FIG.
- FIGs. 10c, 10d, 10e jointly illustrate an exemplary change procedure of PRB architecture in a subframe during a Stage b.
- CQI the number of PRBs for LTE PUCCH format 2
- HARQ-3CC the number of PRBs for LTE PUCCH format 3
- Both PUCCH format 2 and format 3 stay unchanged all the time, while only the size of LTE PUCCH format 1 decreases.
- the number of LTE PUCCH SR Users decrease from 2340 to 400, (from FIG. 10c to FIG. 10d or to FIG.
- the number of PRBs for LTE PUCCH (the sum of PUCCH format 1, 2, 3) PPP, would decrease accordingly, e.g., from 19 to 14. But, at the same time, the LTE PRACH frequency allocation 1002 would stay unchanged, continuing to suspend at the 11 (as shown in FIG. 10e) , instead of falling back to initial value 8 as the legacy resource allocation (as shown in FIG. 10d) .
- the number of PUCCH (the sum of PUCCH format 1, 2, 3) PPP, would increase accordingly, e.g., from 14 to 16, further to 19 again.
- the LTE PRACH frequency allocation 1002 keeps unchanged through all this process.
- the LTE PRACH frequency offset is always equal to the value 11, unchanged until the PUCCH allocation bordering the PRACH allocation as FIG. 10h shown.
- the CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation 1003 (indicated by the deep grey PRBs) would not be changed, and the CAT-M PRACH Offset would be kept as (11 + delta1) , where the parameter “delta1” refers to a value equal to or larger than a size of LTE PRACH, and is 6 in these FIGs 10a –10g. If this proposed solution is under potential ESS situation, the NR PRACH would also stay unchanged, continuing to suspend at the (11 +delta2 + offset) .
- ⁇ Scenario A The PRACH offset is calculated and updated, when the CAT-M and LTE don’t share the same PRBs, and the both LTE and CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation starts from a lower part of the frequency band.
- FIG. 7 and FIGs. 10a-10g show examples of such Scenario A.
- ⁇ Scenario B The PRACH offset is calculated and updated, when the CAT-M and LTE share the same PRBs, and the both LTE and CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation starts from a lower part of the frequency band.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of such Scenario B.
- Another similar optional solution is to fix a static PRACH with more centered frequency allocation, far away from PUCCH channel.
- the frequency resources for LTE PRACH 1002 and CAT-M PRACH 1003 would be arranged at a fixed PRB region, e.g., above PRB index 14.
- This optional solution would also cause more uplink PRB wastage and fragments, compared to the semi-dynamic mechanism proposed in this disclosure.
- this optional solution cannot be used for different bandwidths of frequency bands, because it is hard to set one same static PRACH for frequency bands with different bandwidths.
- using a semi-dynamic PRACH frequency allocation is more flexible and adaptive better to timely network resource allocation fluctuation in different network serving time periods. It has less negative impact on LTE/NR/CAT-M uplink throughput. It can better support co-exist of NR, LTE dynamic PUCCH and CAT-M access feature, to avoid obvious KPI degradation of both NR, LTE and Cat-M with as less restriction as possible.
- the LTE/CAT-M PRACH offset would stay unchanged at relatively higher frequency allocation position, as shown with the curve 1305 of “Optional static LTE/CAT-M PrachOffset” , which is much higher than the curve 1302 of “Proposed semi-dynamic LTE/CAT-M PrachOffset” , and the curve 1301 of “Legacy LTE/CAT-M PrachOffset” .
- the apparatus 1500 comprises processing circuitry 1502 and communication circuitry 1504.
- the communication circuitry 1504 is configured to transmit and/or receive information to and/or from one or more terminal devices (such as UEs) , via any communication technology. Such information include, but are not limited to, the previously described channels of NR PUCCH, LTE PUCCH, LTE PRACH, CAT-M PRACH, NR PRACH, PUSCH and etc.
- the processing circuitry 1502 is configured to perform processing described above, such as by executing instructions (e.g., a control program) 1508 stored in memory 1506, and in one embodiment, is configured to implement certain functional means, units, or modules, such as those illustrated in FIG. 16 below.
- the updating unit 1606 is configured to update the first position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device to a second position of frequency resources, only when the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will occupy at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
- the second position of frequency resources may be an available position with a minimum displacement from the first position of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device.
- FIG. 17 shows a UE QQ200 in accordance with some embodiments.
- a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and/or other UEs.
- Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded/integrated wireless device, etc.
- VoIP voice over IP
- PDA personal digital assistant
- LME laptop-embedded equipment
- CPE wireless customer-premise equipment
- the UE QQ200 includes processing circuitry QQ202 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ204 to an input/output interface QQ206, a power source QQ208, a memory QQ210, a communication interface QQ212, and/or any other component, or any combination thereof.
- Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in FIG. 17. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
- the memory QQ210 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and/or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof.
- RAID redundant array of independent disks
- HD-DVD high-density digital versatile disc
- HDDS holographic digital data storage
- DIMM external mini-dual in-line memory module
- SDRAM synchronous dynamic random access memory
- a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface QQ212, via a wireless connection to a network node.
- Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE.
- the output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
- a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection.
- the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change.
- the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
- any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case.
- a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone.
- the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed.
- the first and/or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above.
- a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
- FIG. 18 shows a network node QQ300 in accordance with some embodiments.
- network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and/or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network.
- network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) , O-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU) .
- APs access points
- BSs base stations
- eNBs evolved Node Bs
- gNBs NR NodeBs
- Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations.
- a base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay.
- a network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and/or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) .
- RRUs remote radio units
- Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio.
- Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
- DAS distributed antenna system
- network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and/or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
- MSR multi-standard radio
- RNCs radio network controllers
- BSCs base station controllers
- BTSs base transceiver stations
- OFDM Operation and Maintenance
- OSS Operations Support System
- SON Self-Organizing Network
- positioning nodes e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location
- the network node QQ300 includes a processing circuitry QQ302, a memory QQ304, a communication interface QQ306, and a power source QQ308.
- the network node QQ300 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc. ) , which may each have their own respective components.
- the network node QQ300 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components)
- one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs.
- each unique NodeB and RNC pair may in some instances be considered a single separate network node.
- the network node QQ300 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) .
- some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory QQ304 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna QQ310 may be shared by different RATs) .
- the network node QQ300 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node QQ300, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node QQ300.
- RFID Radio Frequency Identification
- the processing circuitry QQ302 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node QQ300 components, such as the memory QQ304, to provide network node QQ300 functionality.
- the processing circuitry QQ302 includes a system on a chip (SOC) .
- the processing circuitry QQ302 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ312 and baseband processing circuitry QQ314.
- the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ312 and the baseband processing circuitry QQ314 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units.
- part or all of RF transceiver circuitry QQ312 and baseband processing circuitry QQ314 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
- the memory QQ304 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry QQ302.
- volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a
- the communication interface QQ306 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and/or data between a network node, access network, and/or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface QQ306 comprises port (s) /terminal (s) QQ316 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection.
- the communication interface QQ306 also includes radio front-end circuitry QQ318 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna QQ310. Radio front-end circuitry QQ318 comprises filters QQ320 and amplifiers QQ322. The radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may be connected to an antenna QQ310 and processing circuitry QQ302.
- the radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna QQ310 and processing circuitry QQ302.
- the radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection.
- the radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters QQ320 and/or amplifiers QQ322.
- the radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna QQ310.
- the antenna QQ310 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry QQ318.
- the digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry QQ302.
- the communication interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
- the network node QQ300 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry QQ318, instead, the processing circuitry QQ302 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna QQ310. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry QQ312 is part of the communication interface QQ306. In still other embodiments, the communication interface QQ306 includes one or more ports or terminals QQ316, the radio front-end circuitry QQ318, and the RF transceiver circuitry QQ312, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface QQ306 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry QQ314, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
- the host QQ400 includes processing circuitry QQ402 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ404 to an input/output interface QQ406, a network interface QQ408, a power source QQ410, and a memory QQ412.
- processing circuitry QQ402 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ404 to an input/output interface QQ406, a network interface QQ408, a power source QQ410, and a memory QQ412.
- Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures, such as Figures QQ2 and QQ3, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of host QQ400.
- the host application programs QQ414 may also provide for user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network. Accordingly, the host QQ400 may select and/or indicate a different host for over-the-top services for a UE.
- the host application programs QQ414 may support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) , Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) , Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) , etc.
- the virtualization environment QQ500 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface.
- Applications QQ502 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
- the VMs QQ508 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer QQ506.
- Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance QQ502 may be implemented on one or more of VMs QQ508, and the implementations may be made in different ways.
- Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) .
- NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
- a VM QQ508 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine.
- Each of the VMs QQ508, and that part of hardware QQ504 that executes that VM be it hardware dedicated to that VM and/or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements.
- a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs QQ508 on top of the hardware QQ504 and corresponds to the application QQ502.
- Hardware QQ504 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware QQ504 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware QQ504 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration QQ510, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications QQ502. In some embodiments, hardware QQ504 is coupled to one or more radio units that each includes one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas.
- Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station.
- some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system QQ512 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
- FIG. 21 shows a communication diagram of a host QQ602 communicating via a network node QQ604 with a UE QQ606 over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments.
- Example implementations, in accordance with various embodiments, of the UE such as a UE QQ112a of FIG. 1 and/or UE QQ200 of FIG. 17
- network node such as network node QQ110a of FIG. 1 and/or network node QQ300 of FIG. 18
- host such as host QQ116 of FIG. 1 and/or host QQ400 of FIG. 19
- host QQ602 Like host QQ400, embodiments of host QQ602 include hardware, such as a communication interface, processing circuitry, and memory.
- the host QQ602 also includes software, which is stored in or accessible by the host QQ602 and executable by the processing circuitry.
- the software includes a host application that may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as the UE QQ606 connecting via an over-the-top (OTT) connection QQ650 extending between the UE QQ606 and host QQ602.
- OTT over-the-top
- a host application may provide user data which is transmitted using the OTT connection QQ650.
- the network node QQ604 includes hardware enabling it to communicate with the host QQ602 and UE QQ606.
- the connection QQ660 may be direct or pass through a core network (like core network QQ106 of FIG. 1) and/or one or more other intermediate networks, such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks.
- an intermediate network may be a backbone network or the Internet.
- the UE QQ606 includes hardware and software, which is stored in or accessible by UE QQ606 and executable by the UE’s processing circuitry.
- the software includes a client application, such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE QQ606 with the support of the host QQ602.
- a client application such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE QQ606 with the support of the host QQ602.
- an executing host application may communicate with the executing client application via the OTT connection QQ650 terminating at the UE QQ606 and host QQ602.
- the UE's client application may receive request data from the host's host application and provide user data in response to the request data.
- the OTT connection QQ650 may transfer both the request data and the user data.
- the UE's client application may interact with
- the OTT connection QQ650 may extend via a connection QQ660 between the host QQ602 and the network node QQ604 and via a wireless connection QQ670 between the network node QQ604 and the UE QQ606 to provide the connection between the host QQ602 and the UE QQ606.
- the connection QQ660 and wireless connection QQ670, over which the OTT connection QQ650 may be provided, have been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host QQ602 and the UE QQ606 via the network node QQ604, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices.
- the host QQ602 provides user data, which may be performed by executing a host application.
- the user data is associated with a particular human user interacting with the UE QQ606.
- the user data is associated with a UE QQ606 that shares data with the host QQ602 without explicit human interaction.
- the host QQ602 initiates a transmission carrying the user data towards the UE QQ606.
- the host QQ602 may initiate the transmission responsive to a request transmitted by the UE QQ606.
- the request may be caused by human interaction with the UE QQ606 or by operation of the client application executing on the UE QQ606.
- the transmission may pass via the network node QQ604, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. Accordingly, in step QQ612, the network node QQ604 transmits to the UE QQ606 the user data that was carried in the transmission that the host QQ602 initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step QQ614, the UE QQ606 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which may be performed by a client application executed on the UE QQ606 associated with the host application executed by the host QQ602.
- the UE QQ606 executes a client application which provides user data to the host QQ602.
- the user data may be provided in reaction or response to the data received from the host QQ602.
- the UE QQ606 may provide user data, which may be performed by executing the client application.
- the client application may further consider user input received from the user via an input/output interface of the UE QQ606. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE QQ606 initiates, in step QQ618, transmission of the user data towards the host QQ602 via the network node QQ604.
- step QQ620 in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the network node QQ604 receives user data from the UE QQ606 and initiates transmission of the received user data towards the host QQ602. In step QQ622, the host QQ602 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the UE QQ606.
- One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE QQ606 using the OTT connection QQ650, in which the wireless connection QQ670 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may reduce the fluctuation of frequency position of random access channel of several types of terminal devices, such as LTE PRACH, CAT-M PRACH, and/or NR PRACH, with less resource wastage and thereby provide benefits such as avoiding obvious KPI degradation of these types of terminal devices (such as NR, LTE and/or Cat-M UEs) with as less restriction as possible.
- factory status information may be collected and analyzed by the host QQ602.
- the host QQ602 may process audio and video data which may have been retrieved from a UE for use in creating maps.
- the host QQ602 may collect and analyze real-time data to assist in controlling vehicle congestion (e.g., controlling traffic lights) .
- the host QQ602 may store surveillance video uploaded by a UE.
- the host QQ602 may store or control access to media content such as video, audio, VR or AR which it can broadcast, multicast or unicast to UEs.
- the host QQ602 may be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-time critical electrical load to balance power generation needs, location services, presentation services (such as compiling diagrams etc. from data collected from remote devices) , or any other function of collecting, retrieving, storing, analyzing and/or transmitting data.
- a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve.
- the measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection may be implemented in software and hardware of the host QQ602 and/or UE QQ606.
- sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with other devices through which the OTT connection QQ650 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software may compute or estimate the monitored quantities.
- the reconfiguring of the OTT connection QQ650 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not directly alter the operation of the network node QQ604. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art.
- measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like, by the host QQ602.
- the measurements may be implemented in that software causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection QQ650 while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc.
- computing devices described herein may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and/or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
- processing circuitry may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination.
- computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components.
- a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and/or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface.
- non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
- processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.
- some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner.
- the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and/or by end users and a wireless network generally.
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Abstract
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, apparatus, and computer program products for frequency resource allocation for terminal device. A method implemented at a base station supporting a coexistence of a first type of terminal device and a second type of terminal device is provided. The second type of terminal device does not receive system information in connected mode, and communication for the first type of terminal device and communication for the second type of terminal device share a same frequency band. The method comprises: determining whether frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will occupy the at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not; and in case that the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, keep a first position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device unchanged.
Description
The non-limiting and exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the technical field of mobile communication, and specifically to methods, apparatuses and computer programs for frequency resource allocation for terminal device.
This section introduces aspects that may facilitate a better understanding of the disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
With a development of mobile communications, the shortage of spectrum resources has become increasingly serious. In this case, a coexistence of different types of communication systems in a same frequency band may be a good method to improve the spectrum utilization. For example, co-existence may occur of Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE Category-M (CAT-M) , New Radio (NR) , and/or any other communication systems.
SUMMARY
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In any coexistence of different types of communication systems, communication channels of different types of communication systems may share a same frequency band. Resource allocation on this frequency band for one type of communication system may affect that of another type of communication system. As such, one challenge may be dynamic resource allocation for uplink channel for these different types of communication systems.
Various embodiments of the present disclosure mainly aim at providing a semi-dynamic mechanism for frequency resource allocation for random access channel of a second type of terminal device (such as CAT-M terminal device) . The second type of terminal device does not receive system information on updates of channel frequency resource, and share a same frequency band with a first type of terminal device. With the semi-dynamic mechanism, an impact of dynamic physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) of the first type (such as LTE, NR, and/or any other type) of terminal device on physical random access channel (PRACH) of the second type of terminal device and/or physical random access channel (PRACH) of the first type of terminal device would be mitigated. Furthermore, the final impact on physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) of every type (such as NR, LTE, CAT-M) of terminal device might be minimized.
Other features and advantages of embodiments of the present disclosure will also be understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of embodiments of the present disclosure.
In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method implemented at a base station supporting a coexistence of a first type of terminal device and a second type of terminal device. The second type of terminal device does not receive system information in connected mode. Communication for the first type of terminal device and communication for the second type of terminal device share a same frequency band. The method comprises: determining whether frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will occupy at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not; and in case that the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, keeping a first position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device unchanged.
In some embodiments, the method may further comprise: only when the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will occupy at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, updating the first position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device to a second position of frequency resources.
In some embodiments, the second position of frequency resources may be an available position with a minimum displacement from the first position of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device.
In some embodiments, the determining may comprise: determining whether a number of frequency resources to be allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device are decreased in comparison with frequency resources previously allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device or not. When the frequency resources to be allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device are decreased, it may be determined that the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
In some embodiments, the determining may comprise: determining whether a number of frequency resources to be allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device are increased in comparison with frequency resources previously allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device or not; and in case that the number of frequency resources to be allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device are increased, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not.
In some embodiments, in case that allocation of frequency resources is performed from a lower part of the frequency band, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, may comprise: determining a second position offset of the frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, which is a minimum position offset to be available for the frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device; and comparing the second position offset and a first position offset of corresponding frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
In some embodiments, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, may further comprise: determining whether the second position offset is smaller than or equal to the first position offset. When the second position offset is smaller than or equal to the first position offset, it may be determined that the increased frequency resources will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
In some embodiments, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, may further comprise: determining whether the second position offset is greater than the first position offset. When the second position offset is greater than the first position offset, it may be determined that the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device. In some embodiments, the method may further comprise: updating the first position offset to the second position offset.
In some embodiments, in case that allocation of frequency resources is performed from an upper part of the frequency band, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, may comprise: determining a second position offset of the frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, which is a maximum position offset to be available for the frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device; and comparing the second position offset and a first position offset of corresponding frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
In some embodiments, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, may further comprise: determining whether the second position offset is greater than or equal to the first position offset. When the second position offset is greater than or equal to the first position offset, it may be determined that the increased frequency resources will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
In some embodiments, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, may further comprise: determining whether the second position offset is smaller than the first position offset. When the second position offset is smaller than the first position offset, it may be determined that the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device. In some embodiments, the method may further comprise: updating the first position offset to the second position offset.
In some embodiments, the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device may share same frequency resources with the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
In some embodiments, frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device are separate from frequency resources of a physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
In some embodiments, the method may further comprise: determining a position of frequency resources to be allocated to the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device in dependent on a position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device.
In some embodiments, the first type of terminal device may comprise at least one of the following: long term evolution (LTE) terminal device; new radio (NR) terminal device; or narrow band (NB) internet of things (IOT) .
In some embodiments, the second type of terminal device may comprise LTE category M (CAT-M) terminal device.
In some embodiments, the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device may comprise at least one of LTE PUCCH or NR PUCCH, for a cell associated with the base station.
In some embodiments, the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device may be CAT-M PRACH for a cell associated with the base station, and the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device may comprise at least one of LTE PRACH, NR PRACH, or NB IOT PRACH, for the cell associated with the base station.
In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus at a base station. The apparatus may comprise a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory may contain instructions executable by the processor, whereby the apparatus is operative to perform any step of the method according to the first aspect of the disclosure.
In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having computer program codes embodied thereon which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform any step of the method according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.
In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provide a host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service. The host comprises: processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate transmission of the user data to a network node in a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE) , the network node having a communication interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the network node configured to perform the following operations to transmit the user data from the host to the UE: determining whether frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of a first type of UE will occupy at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to physical random access channel of a second type of UE or physical random access channel of the first type of UE or not; and in case that the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of UE will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of UE or the physical random access channel of the first type of UE, keeping a first position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of UE unchanged.
In some embodiments, the processing circuitry of the host may be configured to execute a host application that provides the user data; and the UE may comprise processing circuitry configured to execute a client application associated with the host application to receive the transmission of user data from the host.
In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provide a method implemented in a host configured to operate in a communication system that further includes a network node and a user equipment (UE) . The method comprises: providing user data for the UE; and initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the network node, wherein the network node performs the following operations to transmit the user data from the host to the UE: determining whether frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of a first type of UE will occupy at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to physical random access channel of a second type of UE or physical random access channel of the first type of UE or not; and in case that the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of UE will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of UE or the physical random access channel of the first type of UE, keeping a first position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of UE unchanged.
In some embodiments, the method may further comprise, at the network node, transmitting the user data provided by the host for the UE.
In some embodiments, the user data may be provided at the host by executing a host application that interacts with a client application executing on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.
In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provide a communication system configured to provide an over-the-top service. The communication system comprises a host according to the fourth aspect of the present disclosure.
In some embodiments, the communication system may further comprise the network node; and/or the user equipment.
The various aspects and embodiments as mentioned above can better support co-exist of dynamic physical uplink control channel and access feature for different types of terminal devices and radio access technologies, to avoid obvious degradation of key performance indicator with as less restriction as possible.
The above and other aspects, features, and benefits of various embodiments of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent, by way of example, from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals or letters are used to designate like or equivalent elements. The drawings are illustrated for facilitating better understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure and not necessarily drawn to scale, in which:
FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system QQ100 in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary diagram of existing Ericsson spectrum sharing (ESS) channel frequency allocation;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary procedure of existing dynamic allocation and deallocation of PUCCH format 1 physical resource block (PRB) pair;
FIG. 4a, 4b and 4c illustrate an exemplary diagram in which channel resource arrangement changes with dynamic allocation and deallocation of PUCCH format 1 PRB pair;
FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary fluctuation pattern of legacy LTE dynamic PUCCH;
FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary diagram of semi-dynamic PRACH frequency allocation according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 illustrates another exemplary diagram of semi-dynamic PRACH frequency allocation according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 illustrates yet another exemplary diagram of semi-dynamic PRACH frequency allocation according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 illustrates another exemplary diagram of semi-dynamic PRACH frequency allocation according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIGs. 10a to 10g illustrate exemplary changes of PRB architecture in a subframe according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, and comparison against legacy PRACH frequency allocation;
FIG. 11 illustrates a simulated fluctuation of LTE PUCCH allocation;
FIG. 12 illustrates a comparison between legacy PRACH frequency allocation and the semi-dynamic PRACH frequency allocation proposed in this disclosure;
FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary procedure of semi-dynamic PRACH frequency allocation, compared to static PRACH frequency allocation;
FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
FIG. 15 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus 1500 that may be embodied in/as a base station and some of its components configured according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 16 is a functional block diagram of processing circuitry in a base station, operating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 17 shows a UE QQ200 in accordance with some embodiments;
FIG. 18 shows a network node QQ300 in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a host QQ400, which may be an embodiment of the host QQ116 of FIG. 1, in accordance with various aspects described herein;
FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment QQ500 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized; and
FIG. 21 shows a communication diagram of a host QQ602 communicating via a network node QQ604 with a UE QQ606 over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments.
The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only for the purpose of enabling those skilled persons in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than suggesting any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure.
This disclosure focuses on schemes for resource allocation for uplink channel for coexistence of different types of communication systems, such as LTE, NR and CAT-M.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system QQ100 in accordance with some embodiments.
In the example, the communication system QQ100 includes a telecommunication network QQ102 that includes an access network QQ104, such as a radio access network (RAN) , and a core network QQ106, which includes one or more core network nodes QQ108. The access network QQ104 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network nodes QQ110a and QQ110b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network nodes QQ110) , or any other similar 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access nodes or non-3GPP access points. Moreover, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art, a network node is not necessarily limited to an implementation in which a radio portion and a baseband portion are supplied and integrated by a single vendor. Thus, it will be understood that network nodes include disaggregated implementations or portions thereof. For example, in some embodiments, the telecommunication network QQ102 includes one or more Open-RAN (ORAN) network nodes. An ORAN network node is a node in the telecommunication network QQ102 that supports an ORAN specification (e.g., a specification published by the O-RAN Alliance, or any similar organization) and may operate alone or together with other nodes to implement one or more functionalities of any node in the telecommunication network QQ102, including one or more network nodes QQ110 and/or core network nodes QQ108.
Examples of an ORAN network node include an open radio unit (O-RU) , an open distributed unit (O-DU) , an open central unit (O-CU) , including an O-CU control plane (O-CU-CP) or an O-CU user plane (O-CU-UP) , a RAN intelligent controller (near-real time or non-real time) hosting software or software plug-ins, such as a near-real time control application (e.g., xApp) or a non-real time control application (e.g., rApp) , or any combination thereof (the adjective “open” designating support of an ORAN specification) . The network node may support a specification by, for example, supporting an interface defined by the ORAN specification, such as an A1, F1, W1, E1, E2, X2, Xn interface, an open fronthaul user plane interface, or an open fronthaul management plane interface. Moreover, an ORAN access node may be a logical node in a physical node. Furthermore, an ORAN network node may be implemented in a virtualization environment (described further below) in which one or more network functions are virtualized. For example, the virtualization environment may include an O-Cloud computing platform orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface defined by the O-RAN Alliance or comparable technologies. The network nodes QQ110 facilitate direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE) , such as by connecting UEs QQ112a, QQ112b, QQ112c, and QQ112d (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UEs QQ112) to the core network QQ106 over one or more wireless connections.
Example wireless communications over a wireless connection include transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. Moreover, in different embodiments, the communication system QQ100 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and/or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signals whether via wired or wireless connections. The communication system QQ100 may include and/or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and/or other similar type of system.
The UEs QQ112 may be any of a wide variety of communication devices, including wireless devices arranged, configured, and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with the network nodes QQ110 and other communication devices. Similarly, the network nodes QQ110 are arranged, capable, configured, and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with the UEs QQ112 and/or with other network nodes or equipment in the telecommunication network QQ102 to enable and/or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and/or to perform other functions, such as administration in the telecommunication network QQ102.
In the depicted example, the core network QQ106 connects the network nodes QQ110 to one or more hosts, such as host QQ116. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediary networks or devices. In other examples, network nodes may be directly coupled to hosts. The core network QQ106 includes one more core network nodes (e.g., core network node QQ108) that are structured with hardware and software components. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UEs, network nodes, and/or hosts, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node QQ108. Example core network nodes include functions of one or more of a Mobile Switching Center (MSC) , Mobility Management Entity (MME) , Home Subscriber Server (HSS) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Server Function (AUSF) , Subscription Identifier De-concealing function (SIDF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Security Edge Protection Proxy (SEPP) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , and/or a User Plane Function (UPF) .
The host QQ116 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than an operator or provider of the access network QQ104 and/or the telecommunication network QQ102, and may be operated by the service provider or on behalf of the service provider. The host QQ116 may host a variety of applications to provide one or more service. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio/video content, data collection services such as retrieving and compiling data on various ambient conditions detected by a plurality of UEs, analytics functionality, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for an alarm and surveillance center, or any other such function performed by a server.
As a whole, the communication system QQ100 of FIG. 1 enables connectivity between the UEs, network nodes, and hosts. In that sense, the communication system may be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures, such as specific standards that include, but are not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) ; Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) ; Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G standards, or any applicable future generation standard (e.g., 6G) ; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards (WiFi) ; and/or any other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) , Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi, and/or any low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) standards such as LoRa and Sigfox.
In some examples, the telecommunication network QQ102 is a cellular network that implements 3GPP standardized features. Accordingly, the telecommunications network QQ102 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices that are connected to the telecommunication network QQ102. For example, the telecommunications network QQ102 may provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and/or Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) /Massive IoT services to yet further UEs.
In some examples, the UEs QQ112 are configured to transmit and/or receive information without direct human interaction. For instance, a UE may be designed to transmit information to the access network QQ104 on a predetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event, or in response to requests from the access network QQ104. Additionally, a UE may be configured for operating in single-or multi-RAT or multi-standard mode. For example, a UE may operate with any one or combination of Wi-Fi, NR (New Radio) and LTE, i.e. being configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC) , such as E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) New Radio –Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) .
In the example, the hub QQ114 communicates with the access network QQ104 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE QQ112c and/or QQ112d) and network nodes (e.g., network node QQ110b) . In some examples, the hub QQ114 may be a controller, router, content source and analytics, or any of the other communication devices described herein regarding UEs. For example, the hub QQ114 may be a broadband router enabling access to the core network QQ106 for the UEs. As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UEs. Commands or instructions may be received from the UEs, network nodes QQ110, or by executable code, script, process, or other instructions in the hub QQ114. As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a data collector that acts as temporary storage for UE data and, in some embodiments, may perform analysis or other processing of the data. As another example, the hub QQ114 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a VR headset, display, loudspeaker or other media delivery device, the hub QQ114 may retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, which the hub QQ114 then provides to the UE either directly, after performing local processing, and/or after adding additional local content. In still another example, the hub QQ114 acts as a proxy server or orchestrator for the UEs, in particular if one or more of the UEs are low energy IoT devices.
The hub QQ114 may have a constant/persistent or intermittent connection to the network node QQ110b. The hub QQ114 may also allow for a different communication scheme and/or schedule between the hub QQ114 and UEs (e.g., UE QQ112c and/or QQ112d) , and between the hub QQ114 and the core network QQ106. In other examples, the hub QQ114 is connected to the core network QQ106 and/or one or more UEs via a wired connection. Moreover, the hub QQ114 may be configured to connect to an M2M service provider over the access network QQ104 and/or to another UE over a direct connection. In some scenarios, UEs may establish a wireless connection with the network nodes QQ110 while still connected via the hub QQ114 via a wired or wireless connection. In some embodiments, the hub QQ114 may be a dedicated hub –that is, a hub whose primary function is to route communications to/from the UEs from/to the network node QQ110b. In other embodiments, the hub QQ114 may be a non-dedicated hub –that is, a device which is capable of operating to route communications between the UEs and network node QQ110b, but which is additionally capable of operating as a communication start and/or end point for certain data channels.
As an example, a 5
th generation (5G) network with Ericsson spectrum sharing (ESS) technique would support a coexistence of CAT-M with other radio access technologies, such as LTE, NR, NB IOT, and any other radio access technologies. FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary arrangement of existing ESS channel frequency allocation.
For LTE, CAT-M, and NR, PUCCH of them are always allocated at the first place, and then PRACH of them would be allocated. After the allocation of PRACH of LTE, CAT-M and NR, PUSCH of LTE, CAT-M, and NR would be allocated in the end. Generally, the NR PUCCH channel is located at both ends of the frequency band. Then, the CAT-M PUCCH channel is allocated next to the NR PUCCH channel, while the LTE PUCCH is allocated next to the CAT-M PUCCH channel. LTE/CAT-M PRACH is always allocated next to the allocation of LTE PUCCH in the frequency band.
FIG. 2 illustrates two patterns of channel frequency allocation. In the channel arrangement 210 at the left side of FIG. 2, the CAT-M/LTE PRACH, NR PRACH are allocated from an upper part of a frequency band (i.e., from a higher frequency to a lower frequency) . In the channel arrangement 220 at the right side of FIG. 2, the CAT-M/LTE PRACH, NR PRACH are allocated from a lower part of the frequency band (i.e., from a lower frequency to a higher frequency) . In the two patterns shown in FIG. 2, “CAT-M/LTE PRACH” refers to that CAT-M PRACH and LTE PRACH share same physical resources. It should be appreciated that, in other patterns, CAT-M PRACH and LTE PRACH may be allocated separate physical resources. In those patterns, LTE PRACH may be allocated next to the LTE PUCCH channel, and CAT-M PRACH is allocated next to the LTE PRACH channels. It should be also appreciated that in some embodiments, it is a coexistence of LTE and CAT-M network architecture, channels of NR (such as NR PUCCH, NR PRACH, NR PUSCH, etc. ) do not exist in the frequency band.
The frequency allocation for PUCCH channel of NR and CAT-M are static. That means the number of frequency resources (e.g., PRBs) allocated to NR PUCCH and CAT-M PUCCH is static. But the number of frequency resources (e.g., PRBs) allocated to LTE PUCCH, also referred to as a size of LTE PUCCH, can be dynamic changed according to dynamic fluctuation of a number of UE’s or terminal’s scheduling requests (SRs) . LTE PUCCH region includes PUCCH format 1, format 2 and format 3. PUCCH format 3 contains channel selection (CS) , hybrid auto repeat request (HARQ) A/N resources and scheduling request (SR) . A feature of LTE dynamic PUCCH allows for dynamic expansion or contraction of the area “reserved” for PUCCH format 1 based on needed SR resources in a cell. By reordering different PUCCH formats and placing PUCCH SR resources (format 1) next to the PUSCH area, not used PUCCH SR resources can be freed for use by PUSCH data transmission.
FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary procedure of existing dynamic allocation and deallocation of PRB pair for PUCCH format 1. According to existing dynamic LTE PUCCH mechanism, a base station would dynamically adjust the number of frequency resources (e.g., PRB pairs) allocated to PUCCH according to the number of remaining SRs in a cell associated with the base station. For example, when the number of remaining SRs is less than a threshold for a certain period (e.g., predefined with a timer) , then more frequency resources would be allocated to PUCCH. Block 310 indicates an example of such occasion. On the contrary, when the number of remaining SRs is larger than another threshold for a certain period (e.g., predefined with another timer) , then some frequency resources of PUCCH would be deallocated, as shown by the occasion indicated by block 320.
Since LTE/CAT-M PRACH is always allocated next to the allocation of LTE PUCCH in the frequency band, the dynamic changes of LTE PUCCH frequency allocation would impact the frequency allocation of LTE/CAT-M PRACH. In case that LTE PRACH are separate from CAT-M PRACH, the dynamic changes of LTE PUCCH frequency allocation would impact the frequency allocation of LTE PRACH, and then the impact on LTE PRACH would further impact the frequency allocation of CAT-M PRACH. In turn, the impact on the frequency allocation of LTE/CAT-M PRACH or the frequency allocation of LTE PRACH would finally impact the frequency allocation of NR PRACH and NR PUSCH.
FIG. 4a, 4b and 4c illustrate an exemplary diagram in which channel resource arrangement changes with dynamic allocation and deallocation of PUCCH format 1 PRB pair. In these FIGs, channel resource arrangement is performed from a lower part of the frequency band. FIG. 4a illustrates a channel resource arrangement for uplink, in which the number of PRB pairs for PUCCH may be of an initial PUCCH size. FIG. 4b illustrations a channel resource arrangement for uplink, in which 1 additional PRB pair is allocated to PUCCH with respect to the initial PUCCH size. FIG. 4c illustrations a channel resource arrangement for uplink, in which 1 PRB pair is deallocated from PUCCH with respect to the initial PUCCH size. It can be seen that the position of frequency resources for LTE/CAT-M PRACH will change with the change of PUCCH size. FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary fluctuation pattern of legacy LTE dynamic PUCCH. It can be seen that PRB pairs for PUCCH may fluctuate continually with changes of the number of the remaining SR resources in a cell.
For frequency position, frequency resource (e.g., PRBs) for PRACH is always allocated asides PRBs of PUCCH, and its frequency position can be determined by a frequency offset (e.g., prach-FreqOffset-r13 in SIB2-BR, as in defined 3GPP release 14) . The frequency offset would indicate an index of a start PRB for PRACH. In an existing solution, the frequency offset of LTE/CAT-M PRACH will change with the size of PUCCH. In case that PRACH allocation is performed from a lower part of a band (as shown in the channel arrangement 220 at the right side of FIG. 2) , when one or more PRB pairs of PUCCH 203 are deallocated, the PRB offset of PRACH 204 will decrease a same value; when one or more PRB pair are allocate to PUCCH 203, the PRB offset of PRACH 204 will increase a same value. In case that PRACH allocation is performed from an upper part of a band (as shown in the channel arrangement 220 at the left side of FIG. 2) , when one or more PRB pairs of PUCCH 201 are deallocated, the PRB offset of PRACH 202 will increase a same value; when one or more PRB pair are allocated to PUCCH 201, the PRB offset of PRACH 202 will decrease a same value.
According to existing communication protocols and standards (e.g., as defined in section 5.2.1.3 of 3GPP TS 36.331, version 17.2.0) , CAT-M UE (also called bandwidth reduced low complexity UE (BL UE) ) which is already in connected mode is not required to monitor system information (SI) updates. This means that CAT-M UE which needs to execute connected mode random access may fail in this procedure after PRACH frequency change. For example, a CAT-M UE in connected mode may need to execute a random access as a part of uplink resync procedure, when it detects an out-of-sync in uplink. In another example, a connected mode random access may also be triggered for a coverage enhancement (CE) profile switch procedure, or for SR over RACH.
In these connected mode random access, CAT-M UE would utilize previously frequency offset maintained in the UE to position the frequency resources of CAT-M PRACH channel. If LTE dynamic PUCCH causes a changing of PRACH frequency allocation on-the-fly when PUCCH size is changed, the CAT-M UE could not correctly determine the frequency resource position of CAT-M PRACH channel, since it does not acquire a latest frequency offset of CAT-M PRACH channel from SI updates. Consequently, the connected mode random access will fail with the wrong frequency offset of CAT-M PRACH channel. Finally, reestablishment will happen. Reestablishment will be successful, because CAT-M UE will reacquire SI as part of a reestablishment procedure, so correct PRACH frequency offset will be used by the CAT-M UE. However, reestablishment would degrade many different CAT-M key performance indicators (KPIs) , such as accessibility, connection failure rate, initial evolved radio access bearer (ERAB) setup failure rate, etc.
The present disclosure provides approaches to mitigate the above problems and other problems caused by dynamic PUCCH. The main idea is to reduce fluctuation of PRACH with less PRB wastage and fragments. In the present disclosure, for dynamic PUCCH, a base station may determine whether frequency resources to be allocated to the dynamic PUCCH will occupy at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to CAT-M PRACH or LTE PRACH or not. In case that the frequency resources to be allocated to the dynamic PUCCH will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the CAT-M PRACH or LTE PRACH, a first position of the frequency resources allocated to the CAT-M PRACH channel would be kept unchanged. This is different from a legacy solution in which the position of the frequency resources allocated to the CAT-M PRACH channel would be updated following any dynamic adjustment of frequency resources for LTE PUCCH. According to embodiments in the present disclosure, only when the frequency resources to be allocated to the dynamic PUCCH will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to CAT-M PRACH or LTE PRACH, the first position of the frequency resources allocated to CAT-M PRACH would be updated to a second position. The second position can be determined in a legacy manner. In an embodiment, the second position of frequency resource is an available position with a minimum displacement from the first of the frequency resources previously allocated to the CAT-M PRACH. For example, the minimum displacement may be equivalent to the number of PRBs to be occupied.
The present disclosure provides a semi-dynamic mechanism for PRACH allocation. In this regard, PRACH allocation (such as allocation for LTE PRACH, CAT-M PRACH, and NR PRACH, and the like) can move toward a center of a frequency band for channel allocation, following a dynamic PUCCH, which is under the allocation situation toward the center of the frequency band. The PRACH allocation can stay unchanged and fixed, when the dynamic PUCCH is under deallocation, trying to move backward away from the center of the frequency band.
FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary diagram of the semi-dynamic mechanism of PRACH frequency allocation. Under a co-existence of CAT-M and LTE network architecture, a first algorithm would be used as shown in FIG. 6. When NR is also supported in the network architecture, the frequency position of NR PRACH would depend on the position of LTE PRACH and CAT-M PRACH.
As shown in Stage a of FIG. 6, when an allocation of dynamic LTE PUCCH occurred, which means that the number of current calculated LTE dynamic PUCCH format 1 PRBs is larger than the number of previous LTE dynamic PUCCH format 1 PRBs. At this period of time, when LTE/CAT-M PRACH allocation starts from a lower part of a frequency band, if the previous calculated value of LTE PRACH offset is smaller than a newly calculated value of LTE PRACH Offset, it means that some frequency resource of the LTE PRACH is occupied by the LTE PUCCH. Thus, the frequency position of LTE PRACH and CAT-M PRACH would move forward along with the increased PRB of LTE PUCCH. For example, the previous calculated value of PRACH offset would be updated to the newly calculated value of PRACH offset, which may be calculated from frequency allocation of the LTE PUCCH in a traditional way.
In this Stage a, the LTE/CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation would tightly follow the PUCCH allocation, growing together with the allocation of the dynamic PUCCH. If under a potential ESS situation, NR and LTE PRACH are at a same subframe, the NR PRACH would depend on LTE PRACH frequency allocation and would be equal to LTE PRACH offset +delta2 + offset. The parameter “delta2” may be a value equal to or larger than a total size of LTE PRACH and CAT-M PRACH. The parameter “offset” refers to an offset between NR and LTE grids, and may be set according to different bandwidths.
In Stage b of FIG. 6, a deallocation of dynamic LTE PUCCH occurred, which means that the number of current calculated LTE dynamic PUCCH format 1 PRBs is smaller than the number of previous dynamic PUCCH format 1 PRBs. At this period of time, LTE PRACH and CAT-M PRACH would not fall down with the LTE PUCCH, but suspend in their current frequency resource position. It means that the previous calculated value of LTE PRACH offset would not be updated as the legacy solution.
In this Stage b, when the deallocation of dynamic PUCCH happened, the LTE/CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation will suspend at a highest frequency point instead of following the decreasing of dynamic PUCCH. If under a potential ESS situation, NR and LTE PRACH are at a same subframe, the NR PRACH would depend on LTE PRACH frequency allocation and would be equal to LTE PRACH Offset + delta2 + offset. Also, the NR PRACH frequency allocation will suspend at a highest frequency point as well.
In Stage c of FIG. 6, when the allocation of dynamic PUCCH happened again, the LTE/CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation would continue to suspend at the highest frequency point until the dynamic PUCCH border the LTE/Cat-M PRACH frequency allocation. In other words, if the previous calculated value of LTE PRACH offset is larger than the newly calculated value of LTE PRACH offset, or the increased PRBs for LTE PUCCH do not go beyond the LTE PRACH offset, it means that the frequency resource of the LTE PRACH is not occupied by the increased LTE PUCCH. In this case, the previous calculated value of PRACH Offset would not be updated. Also, the NR PRACH frequency allocation will suspend at a highest frequency point as well.
After allocation of dynamic PUCCH bordering the LTE/Cat-M PRACH frequency allocation, the LTE/CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation would tightly follow the PUCCH allocation again and grow together with the allocation of the dynamic PUCCH. As shown in Stage a’ of FIG. 6, when LTE PUCCH is allocated more PRBs, the increased PRBs for LTE PUCCH go beyond the LTE PRACH’s previous offset. In other words, the previous calculated value of LTE PRACH offset is smaller than a newly calculated value of LTE PRACH offset. Then, the frequency position of LTE PRACH and CAT-M PRACH would move toward center of the frequency band tightly following LTE PUCCH allocation.
In the procedure of the semi-dynamic mechanism shown in FIG. 6, in stages b and c, the impact of dynamic PUCCH on CAT-M PRACH and LTE PRACH is mitigated. It can be appreciated that the final impact on NR PRACH, NR PUSCH, LTE PUSCH, and CAT-M PUSCH would also be minimized.
A first algorithm would be used to execute this procedure as below:
If (LTE Dynamic PUCCH == ACTIVATED) && (Category M device support == ACTIVATED)
Proposed new function (LTE/NR/CAT-M PRACH Allocation starts from a lower part of a frequency band) :
return: new calculation result of prach-FrequencyOffset
and
then, sent out by a legacy signal updateCellDataInd (prachFrequencyOffset, pucchResourceSize)
In the first algorithm, Current
represents a number of frequency resources allocated to PUCCH after a dynamic adjustment, previous
represents a number of frequency resources of PUCCH before the dynamic adjustment,
is a frequency offset of PRACH, such as LTE PRACH, and
represents a frequency offset of CAT-M PRACH. The Current
is a frequency offset of PRACH newly calculated to follow the dynamic adjustment of PUCCH (i.e., with a legacy algorithm) . The output
can be calculated from
In the procedure shown in FIG. 6, the CAT-M PRACH and LTE PRACH share a same PRBs, and the both LTE and Cat-M PRACH frequency allocation starts from the lower part of the frequency band. In this scenario,
It should be appreciated that in some embodiments of this disclosure, the CAT-M PRACH and LTE PRACH can be allocated with separate frequency resources. CAT-M PRACH may be allocated to be next to the LTE PRACH, as shown in FIG. 7. In that scenario,
where the value of “delta1” is an offset between LTE PRACH and CAT-M PRACH. For example, the value of “delta1” may equal to or larger than a size (a number of PRBs) of LTE PRACH.
In some other embodiments, both LTE and CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation starts from the upper part of the frequency band. The CAT-M PRACH and LTE PRACH share same PRBs, as shown in FIG. 8. Alternatively, the CAT-M PRACH and LTE PRACH can be separate from each other, as shown in FIG. 9. In these scenarios, when an allocation of dynamic PUCCH happened, if the dynamic PUCCH does not border the LTE/CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation, i.e., the previous calculated value of LTE PRACH Offset is smaller than the newly calculated value of LTE PRACH offset, the LTE/CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation would continue to suspend at a lowest frequency point (i.e., with the previous calculated value of LTE PRACH offset) .
After a new calculation result of prach-FrequencyOffset,
and
the NR PRACH frequency allocation can be also settled down, e.g., to be next to the CAT-M PRACH. A second algorithm can be utilized to calculate the exact NR PRACH PRB index. In this second algorithm, a value nrPrachPrbStart is updated and derived from a new calculation result of prach-FrequencyOffset, which also resulting in less possibility of NR PRACH change. The value nrPrachPrbStart indicates a starting PRB index of NR PRACH.
● Calculate the exact NR PRACH PRB index
○ if (nrPrachSubframe == ltePrachSubframe) //NR and LTE PRACH are at the same subframe
● if (prachPositionAtHighFrequencyEnd == FALSE )
■ Place NR PRACH in lower half of the spectrum; since LTE is in the lower half in the same subframe
■ Set nrPrachPrbStart to ltePrachPrbStart + delta2 + offset
● Else
■ Place NR PRACH in upper half of the spectrum; since LTE is in the upper half in the same subframe
■ Set nrPrachPrbStart to ltePrachPrbStart –delta2 + offset
● End if
○ Else
● if (prachPositionAtHighFrequencyEnd == FALSE )
■ Place NR PRACH in lower half of the spectrum;
■ Set nrPrachPrbStart to ltePrachPrbStart + offset
● Else
■ Place NR PRACH in upper half of the spectrum;
■ Set nrPrachPrbStart to ltePrachPrbStart –delta2 + offset
● End if
○ End if
The offset in the second algorithm is an offset between LTE and NR grids, and can be set to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on, according to different bandwidths. The value “ltePrachPrbStart” indicates a starting PRB index of LTE PRACH, which can be derived from or equivalent to “prach-FrequencyOffset” . The value “ltePrachPrbSize” indicates a total size of LTE PRACH and CAT-M PRACH.
The FIGs. 10a, 10b, 10c jointly illustrate an exemplary change procedure of PRB architecture in a subframe during a Stage a. When an allocation of LTE dynamic PUCCH happens, the number of PRBs for LTE PUCCH format 2 (CQI) equals to 7, and the number of PRBs for LTE PUCCH format 3 (hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) -3 channel states sets (3CC) ) equals to 3. Both of sizes of LTE PUCCH format 2 and format 3 stay unchanged all the time, while only the number of PRBs for PUCCH format 1 would rise. When the number of LTE PUCCH SR Users increases from 400 to 1200, and further to 2340 (from FIG. 10a, to FIG. 10b, further to FIG. 10c) , the number of PRBs for LTE PUCCH (the sum of PUCCH format 1, 2, 3) denoted as PPP (physical PRB pair) , would increase accordingly from 14 to 16, further to 19. As shown in FIG. 10a, 10b and 10c, a half part 1001 of LTE PUCCH is allocated at the bottom end (light grey PRBs, with PRB index 0 to 7, or to 8, or to 10) of the PRB architecture. Another half part of LTE PUCCH is allocated at symmetric positions on the upper part of the PRB architecture. For the sake of clarity, only parts of PRBs are shown in FIG. 10a, 10b, and 10c, and other parts of PRBs not relevant to the core idea of this disclosure are omitted. However, it should be noted that although not shown, the PRB architecture in these FIGs 10a to 10g may further comprises other PRB arrangement for other channels, such as PUSCH, NR PRACH, and the like.
The LTE PRACH frequency allocation 1002 (PRBs with twill lines) would follow the increase of the number of LTE PUCCH. As shown in FIG. 10a, 10b and 10c, the LTE PRACH offset (indicated by the dashed line at the bottom of LTE PRACH PRBs) would increase accordingly, e.g., from 8 to 9, further to 11. The CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation 1003 (indicated by the deep grey PRBs) would depend on the LTE PRACH frequency allocation, and the CAT-M PRACH offset would equal to (LTE PRACH offset + delta1) , increasing from (8 + delta1) to (9 + delta1) , further to (11 + delta1) . The parameter “delta1” refers to a value equal to or larger than a size of LTE PRACH. For example, in these FIGs, delta1 is 6.
If under potential ESS situation, NR and LTE PRACH are at a same subframe, the NR PRACH (not shown in the FIGs. ) would depend on LTE PRACH frequency allocation and would equal to (LTE PRACH Offset + delta2 + offset) , increasing from (8 +delta2 + offset) to (9 +delta2 + offset) , further to (11 +delta2 + offset) . The parameter “delta2” refers to a value equal to or larger than a total size of LTE PRACH and CAT-M PRACH. For example, in these FIGs, delta2 is 12. The parameter “offset” refers to an offset between LTE and NR grids, which can be set to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on, according to different bandwidths.
The FIGs. 10c, 10d, 10e jointly illustrate an exemplary change procedure of PRB architecture in a subframe during a Stage b. When deallocation of LTE dynamic PUCCH happens, the number of PRBs for LTE PUCCH format 2 (CQI) still equals to 7, the number of PRBs for LTE PUCCH format 3 (HARQ-3CC) still equals to 3. Both PUCCH format 2 and format 3 stay unchanged all the time, while only the size of LTE PUCCH format 1 decreases. When the number of LTE PUCCH SR Users decrease from 2340 to 400, (from FIG. 10c to FIG. 10d or to FIG. 10e) , the number of PRBs for LTE PUCCH (the sum of PUCCH format 1, 2, 3) PPP, would decrease accordingly, e.g., from 19 to 14. But, at the same time, the LTE PRACH frequency allocation 1002 would stay unchanged, continuing to suspend at the 11 (as shown in FIG. 10e) , instead of falling back to initial value 8 as the legacy resource allocation (as shown in FIG. 10d) . Accordingly, the CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation 1003 (the deep grey PRBs) would not be changed, and the CAT-M PRACH Offset would be kept as (11 + delta1) , where the parameter “delta1” refers to a value equal to or larger than a size of LTE PRACH, and is 6 in these FIGs. If this proposed solution is under potential ESS situation, the NR PRACH frequency allocation would also stay unchanged, continuing to suspend at the (11 +delta2 + offset) .
FIGs. 10e, 10f, and 10g jointly illustrate an exemplary change procedure of PRB architecture in a subframe during a Stage c. when the allocation of LTE dynamic PUCCH happens again, the number of PRBs for LTE PUCCH format 2 (CQI) is still equals to 7, the number of PRBs for LTE PUCCH format 3 (HARQ-3CC) is still equals to 3. Both sizes of LTE PUCCH format 2 and format 3 stay unchanged all the time, while only the number of PUCCH format 1 increases. When the number of LTE PUCCH SR Users increase from 400 to 1200, and further to 2340 (from FIG. 10e to FIG. 10f, further to FIG. 10g) , the number of PUCCH (the sum of PUCCH format 1, 2, 3) PPP, would increase accordingly, e.g., from 14 to 16, further to 19 again. Whereas the LTE PRACH frequency allocation 1002 keeps unchanged through all this process. The LTE PRACH frequency offset is always equal to the value 11, unchanged until the PUCCH allocation bordering the PRACH allocation as FIG. 10h shown. Accordingly, the CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation 1003 (indicated by the deep grey PRBs) would not be changed, and the CAT-M PRACH Offset would be kept as (11 + delta1) , where the parameter “delta1” refers to a value equal to or larger than a size of LTE PRACH, and is 6 in these FIGs 10a –10g. If this proposed solution is under potential ESS situation, the NR PRACH would also stay unchanged, continuing to suspend at the (11 +delta2 + offset) .
The frequency resource allocation in FIGs 10a –10g are similar with the scenario shown in FIG. 7. As mentioned above, the frequency resource allocation may be performed in several different manners. In general, embodiments of this disclosure consist of four scenarios as below:
● Scenario A: The PRACH offset is calculated and updated, when the CAT-M and LTE don’t share the same PRBs, and the both LTE and CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation starts from a lower part of the frequency band. FIG. 7 and FIGs. 10a-10g show examples of such Scenario A.
● Scenario B: The PRACH offset is calculated and updated, when the CAT-M and LTE share the same PRBs, and the both LTE and CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation starts from a lower part of the frequency band. FIG. 6 shows an example of such Scenario B.
● Scenario C: The PRACH offset is calculated and updated, when the CAT-M and LTE don’t share the same PRBs, and the both LTE and CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation starts from the upper part of the frequency band. FIG. 9 shows an example of such Scenario C.
● Scenario D: The PRACH offset is calculated and updated, when the CAT-M and LTE share the same PRBs, and the both LTE and CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation starts from an upper part of the frequency band. FIG. 8 shows an example of such Scenario D.
Among these Scenarios, the nrPrachPrbStart of NR PRACH would depend on LTE and CAT-M PRACH frequency allocation of each scenario.
An exemplary detailed algorithm, named as a third algorithm, for these four Scenarios is shown as below:
Similar as the first algorithm, in this third algorithm,
is a calculated value of frequency offset of LTE PRACH, and
is the number of calculated dynamic PUCCH PRB. The value of “delta1” is an offset between LTE PRACH and CAT-M PRACH. It could be 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.
This third algorithm and other embodiments of this disclosure provide a semi-dynamic mechanism on PRACH frequency allocation. This mechanism can reduce the possibility for SI update by reducing the fluctuation of frequency position of LTE PRACH, CAT-M PRACH, and/or NR PRACH. As mentioned above, a feature LTE dynamic PUCCH might change PRACH frequency allocation on-the-fly when PUCCH size will be changed. This is side effect of a currently existing system where PRACH is always allocated aside PUCCH PRBs. When PRACH PRBs are updated the information element (IE) prach-FreqOffset-r13 in SIB2-BR is also changed on-the-fly. According to 3GPP CAT-M UE which is already in connected mode, is not monitoring SI updates. This means that CAT-M UE which need to execute connected mode random access (for example as part of UL resync procedure, CE profile switch procedure or SR over RACH) will fail in this procedure after PRACH frequency change and finally reestablishment will happen affecting many different CAT-M related KPIs. This will impact user experience negatively, especially when the traffic volume fluctuates sharply. Accordingly, compared with a legacy manner in which LTE/CAT-M/NR PRACH updates tightly with LTE PUCCH, using this semi-dynamic mechanism on PRACH frequency allocation is a more flexible and dynamic solution to solve the problem that the CAT-M related KPI degradation, such as accessibility/connection failure rate/initial ERAB Setup Failure Rate etc., for co-exist of NR, LTE dynamic PUCCH and CAT-M access. It also lowers the probability of obvious related KPI degradation at the most extent.
Reserving static PRB for dynamic PUCCH could also be an optional solution for reducing the fluctuation of frequency position of PRACH channel (such as LTE PRACH, CAT-M PRACH, NR PRACH) . In this optional solution, more PRBs would be reserved for the dynamic PUCCH. Take the exemplary PRB architecture shown in FIGs. 10a to 10g as an example, according to this optional solution, the PRBs with indexes 8 to 10 would be reserved for PUCCH, and would never be utilized by PRACH, and thus the LTE/CAT-M/NR PRACH position can be fixed if only the reserved PRBs are sufficient for the dynamic PUCCH. However, it would cause more uplink PRB wastage and fragments, compared to the semi-dynamic mechanism proposed in this disclosure. This optional solution can also negatively impact CAT-M PUSCH and NR PUSCH, resulting in CAT-M/NR throughput degradation. Furthermore, this optional solution cannot be used for different bandwidths of frequency bands, because it is hard to set one same static PUCCH for frequency bands with different bandwidths.
Another similar optional solution is to fix a static PRACH with more centered frequency allocation, far away from PUCCH channel. Take the exemplary PRB architecture shown in FIGs. 10a to 10g as an example again, according to this optional solution, the frequency resources for LTE PRACH 1002 and CAT-M PRACH 1003 would be arranged at a fixed PRB region, e.g., above PRB index 14. This optional solution would also cause more uplink PRB wastage and fragments, compared to the semi-dynamic mechanism proposed in this disclosure. Furthermore, this optional solution cannot be used for different bandwidths of frequency bands, because it is hard to set one same static PRACH for frequency bands with different bandwidths.
Compared to these two optional solutions, using a semi-dynamic PRACH frequency allocation is more flexible and adaptive better to timely network resource allocation fluctuation in different network serving time periods. It has less negative impact on LTE/NR/CAT-M uplink throughput. It can better support co-exist of NR, LTE dynamic PUCCH and CAT-M access feature, to avoid obvious KPI degradation of both NR, LTE and Cat-M with as less restriction as possible.
Furthermore, this semi-dynamic mechanism can also be used to solve other channel-conflicting situations under a same radio access technology (RAT) , such as PDSCH, PDCCH, etc., for one specific RAT. This semi-dynamic mechanism can also be used to solve channel-conflicting situations under co-existence of different RATs, such as CAT-M/LTE/NR under ESS situation.
FIGs. 11 to 13 illustrate simulations of this semi-dynamic mechanism, compared with a legacy solution and other optional solutions. A random normal distribution is used to conduct simulation. LTE PUCCH frequency allocation distribution has been simulated, as FIG. 11 shown. The number of LTE dynamic PUCCH fluctuates as time goes by, from 0 minutes to 720 minutes (mimicking 8 a.m. to 20: 00 p.m. ) . The number of LTE dynamic PUCCH PPP increases tortuously, every 10 minutes, from morning to the noon. The number of LTE dynamic PUCCH PPP decreases tortuously, every 10 minutes, from the noon to the afternoon.
From FIG. 12, the LTE PRACH offset of the semi-dynamic mechanism is shown with a black dot curve 1202, while the LTE PRACH offset of the legacy solution (shown with curve 1201) keeps fluctuating, tightly following LTE dynamic PUCCH’s deallocation and allocation. In this simulation, the number of LTE dynamic PUCCH PPP changes 61 times, and stay unchanged 10 times. From the perspective of the Legacy solution, PRACH offset changes 61 times, and stay unchanged 10 times. If every change of PRACH offset leads to CAT-M KPI degradation, the KPI degradation rate would be 61/ (10+61) *100%= 85.91%. While from the perspective of the semi-dynamic mechanism, PRACH offset only changes 7 times, and stay unchanged 64 times. If every change of LTE PRACH offset leads to CAT-M KPI degradation, the KPI degradation rate would be 7/ (7+64) *100%= 10.93%. The probability of KPI degradation rate will be largely minimized by the semi-dynamic mechanism.
From the FIG. 13, if the LTE/CAT-M PRACH used the optional static frequency allocation strategy, the LTE/CAT-M PRACH offset would stay unchanged at relatively higher frequency allocation position, as shown with the curve 1305 of “Optional static LTE/CAT-M PrachOffset” , which is much higher than the curve 1302 of “Proposed semi-dynamic LTE/CAT-M PrachOffset” , and the curve 1301 of “Legacy LTE/CAT-M PrachOffset” . Compared to “Proposed semi-dynamic LTE/CAT-M PrachOffset” , the solution of “Optional static LTE/CAT-M PrachOffset” will cause that more PRBs are wasted (because of larger PRB gap between PRACH and PUCCH) and has more negative impact on LTE single UE uplink peak throughput. The solution of “Optional static LTE/CAT-M PrachOffset” cannot adaptively fluctuate with LTE PUCCH change.
Moreover, if under potential ESS situation, NR and LTE PRACH are at the same subframe, and PRACH allocation start from a lower part of the frequency band, the NR PRACH frequency allocation would depend on LTE PRACH frequency allocation and would be equal to (LTE PRACH Offset + delta2 + offset) .
From the FIG. 13, if the LTE/CAT-M PRACH used the optional static frequency allocation strategy, the NR PRACH offset would also stay unchanged at relatively higher frequency allocation position, as the curve 1304 of “Potential static NR PrachOffset” shown, which is much higher than the blue curve 1303 of “Potential semi-dynamic NR PrachOffset” . Compared to the results of “Potential semi-dynamic NR PrachOffset” , the solution of “Potential static NR PrachOffset” will cause more NR PRBs wasted (because of continuous NR PUSCH resource areas are squeezed heavily, shown as the right part of FIG. 2) and has more heavily negative impact on NR uplink throughput. Also, the solution of “optional static NR PrachOffset” cannot adaptively fluctuate with LTE PUCCH change, which lacks flexibility and of lower PRB usage.
It is noted that some embodiments of the present disclosure are described in relation to 5G communication system being used as non-limiting examples for certain exemplary network configurations and system deployments. As such, the description of exemplary embodiments given herein specifically refers to terminology which is directly related thereto. Such terminology is only used in the context of the presented non-limiting examples and embodiments, and does not limit the present disclosure naturally in any way. Rather, any other system configuration or radio technologies may equally be utilized as long as exemplary embodiments described herein are applicable.
FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1400 implemented at a base station, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The base station may be a Node B, eNodeB, gNB, or the like. The base station can support a coexistence of a first type of terminal device (such as LTE UE, NR UE, NB IOT, and the like) and a second type of terminal device (such as CAT-M UE) . The second type of terminal device does not receive system information in connected mode. Communication for the first type of terminal device and communication for the second type of terminal device share a same frequency band.
As shown in FIG. 14, the method 1400 comprises determining whether frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device (such as LTE PUCCH, NR PUCCH, and the like) will occupy at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to physical random access channel (such as CAT-M PRACH) of the second type of terminal device or physical random access channel (such as LTE PRACH, NR PRACH, NB IOT PRACH, and the like) of the first type of terminal device or not, at block 1410. Then, in case that the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, keeping (1420) a first position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device unchanged, as shown at block 1420. For example, the method 1400 may be executed at MAC layer for radio access technologies of the first type of terminal device and the second type of terminal device, such as MAC layer for LTE, NR, NB IOT, CAT-M, and any other related radio access technologies.
In some embodiments, as shown at block 1430, the method 1400 may further comprise: only when the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will occupy at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, updating the first position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device to a second position of frequency resources. For example, the second position of frequency resources may be an available position with a minimum displacement from the first position of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device. That means, the physical random access channel (such as CAT-M PRACH) of the second type of terminal device would tightly move with the dynamic adjustment of the physical uplink control channel (such as dynamic LTE PUCCH) of the first type of terminal device. For example, the displacement between the second position of frequency resources and the first position of frequency resources may equal to the number of increased frequency resources allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device.
According to some embodiments, the determining step 1410 may comprise: determining whether the number of frequency resources to be allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device are decreased in comparison with frequency resources previously allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device or not. When the frequency resources to be allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device are decreased, it may be determined that the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device. It means a deallocation procedure for the physical uplink control channel, such as Stage b shown in FIG. 6. Accordingly, the position of the frequency resources allocated to physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device may be kept unchanged.
According to some embodiments, the determining step 1410 may comprise: determining whether a number of frequency resources to be allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device are increased in comparison with frequency resources previously allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device or not; and in case that the number of frequency resources to be allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device are increased, further determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not. This is an allocation procedure for the physical uplink control channel. When the increased frequency resources will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, such as Stage c shown in FIG. 6, the position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device may be kept unchanged. In case that the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, such as Stage a shown in FIG. 6, the position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device would be updated.
In some embodiments, allocation of frequency resources is performed from a lower part of a frequency band. In this case, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, may comprise: determining a second position offset of the frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, which is a minimum position offset to be available for the frequency resources of the physical random access channel of second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device; and comparing the second position offset and a first position offset of corresponding frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
Determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, may further comprise: determining whether the second position offset is smaller than or equal to the first position offset. When the second position offset is smaller than or equal to the first position offset, it can be determined that the increased frequency resources will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device. Accordingly, the position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device can be kept unchanged.
Alternatively or additionally, Determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, may further comprise: determining whether the second position offset is greater than the first position offset. When the second position offset is greater than the first position offset, it can be determined that the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device. Accordingly, the position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device would be updated. For example, the first position offset may be updated to the second position offset.
In some embodiments, allocation of frequency resources is performed from an upper part of a frequency band. In this case, whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, may comprise: determining a second position offset of the frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, which is a maximum position offset to be available for the frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device; and comparing the second position offset and a first position offset of corresponding frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
Determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, may further comprise: determining whether the second position offset is greater than or equal to the first position offset. When the second position offset is greater than or equal to the first position offset, it may be determined that the increased frequency resources will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device. Accordingly, the position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device can be kept unchanged.
Alternatively or additionally, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, may further comprise: determining whether the second position offset is smaller than the first position offset. When the second position offset is smaller than the first position offset, it may be determined that the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
Otherwise, if the new position offset is smaller than the position offset of the corresponding frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of CAT-M or the physical random access channel of LTE, then it can be determined that the increased frequency resources will cause at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of CAT-M or the physical random access channel of LTE to be occupied. Accordingly, the position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of CAT-M or the physical random access channel of LTE would be changed to the new position offset. Accordingly, the position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device would be updated. For example, the first position offset may be updated to the second position offset.
In these embodiments, the second position offset, may be a position where the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device would be if they move tightly with the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device. For example, the second position offset may be the value of Current
counted in the above algorithms. Then, the second position offset can be compared against a first position offset of corresponding frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device. For example, the first position offset may be the value of previous
counted in the above algorithms.
In some embodiments, the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device shares same frequency resources with the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, for example as shown in FIGs 6 and 8. In this case, the position offset of frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of second type of terminal device may equal to that of the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
In some other embodiments, frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device are separate from frequency resources of a physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, for example as shown in FIGs 7 and 9. In this case, the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device may be arranged to be next to the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device. For example, there may a particular offset (such as delta1 mentioned in above exemplary algorithms) between the position offset of CAT-M PRACH and the position offset of LTE PRACH.
In some embodiments, a physical random access channel (such as, LT PRACH, NR PRACH) of the first type of terminal device would be allocated in dependent on the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device (such as CAT-M PRACH) . For example, a position of frequency resources of CAT-M PRACH may be next to the position of the frequency resources allocated to LTE PRACH; and a position of frequency resources of NR PRACH may be next to the position of the frequency resources allocated to CAT-M PRACH.
Now, reference is made to FIG. 15, illustrating a simplified block diagram of an apparatus 1500 that may be embodied in/as a base station (such as a Node B, eNB, gNB, or the like) and some of its components configured according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As seen in FIG. 15, the apparatus 1500 comprises processing circuitry 1502 and communication circuitry 1504. The communication circuitry 1504 is configured to transmit and/or receive information to and/or from one or more terminal devices (such as UEs) , via any communication technology. Such information include, but are not limited to, the previously described channels of NR PUCCH, LTE PUCCH, LTE PRACH, CAT-M PRACH, NR PRACH, PUSCH and etc. The processing circuitry 1502 is configured to perform processing described above, such as by executing instructions (e.g., a control program) 1508 stored in memory 1506, and in one embodiment, is configured to implement certain functional means, units, or modules, such as those illustrated in FIG. 16 below.
FIG. 16 is a functional block diagram of processing circuitry in a base station, operating according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As seen in FIG. 16, the base station 1600 implements various functional means, units, or modules, e.g., via the processing circuitry 1502 and/or via software code. These functional means, units, or modules, e.g., for implementing the method (s) herein, include for example, a determining unit 1602 and a keeping unit 1604. In some embodiments, these functional means, units, or modules, e.g., for implementing the method (s) herein, may further include an updating unit 1606. Each of these units 1602, 1604, and 1606 are configured according to embodiments disclosed herein to implement the previously described aspects of the present disclosure.
In particular, the determining unit 1602 is configured to determine whether frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of a first type of terminal device (such as LTE PUCCH, or NR PUCCH) will occupy at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to physical random access channel (such as CAT-M PRACH) of a second type of terminal device or physical random access channel (such as LTE PRACH, or NR PRACH) of the first type of terminal device or not.
The keeping unit 1604 is configured to keep a first position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device unchanged, in case that the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
The updating unit 1606 is configured to update the first position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device to a second position of frequency resources, only when the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will occupy at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device. For example, the second position of frequency resources may be an available position with a minimum displacement from the first position of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device.
FIG. 17 shows a UE QQ200 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, a UE refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly with network nodes and/or other UEs. Examples of a UE include, but are not limited to, a smart phone, mobile phone, cell phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phone, wireless local loop phone, desktop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA) , wireless cameras, gaming console or device, music storage device, playback appliance, wearable terminal device, wireless endpoint, mobile station, tablet, laptop, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , smart device, wireless customer-premise equipment (CPE) , vehicle, vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded/integrated wireless device, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , including a narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) UE, a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and/or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.
A UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPP standard for sidelink communication, Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) , vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) , vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) , or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) . In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and/or operates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which may not, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) . Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart power meter) .
The UE QQ200 includes processing circuitry QQ202 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ204 to an input/output interface QQ206, a power source QQ208, a memory QQ210, a communication interface QQ212, and/or any other component, or any combination thereof. Certain UEs may utilize all or a subset of the components shown in FIG. 17. The level of integration between the components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.
The processing circuitry QQ202 is configured to process instructions and data and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operative to execute instructions stored as machine-readable computer programs in the memory QQ210. The processing circuitry QQ202 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , etc. ) ; programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) , together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuitry QQ202 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs) .
In the example, the input/output interface QQ206 may be configured to provide an interface or interfaces to an input device, output device, or one or more input and/or output devices. Examples of an output device include a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, a printer, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device may allow a user to capture information into the UE QQ200. Examples of an input device include a touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digital video camera, a web camera, etc. ) , a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, a trackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard, and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, for instance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device may use the same type of interface port as an input device. For example, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be used to provide an input device and an output device.
In some embodiments, the power source QQ208 is structured as a battery or battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external power source (e.g., an electricity outlet) , photovoltaic device, or power cell, may be used. The power source QQ208 may further include power circuitry for delivering power from the power source QQ208 itself, and/or an external power source, to the various parts of the UE QQ200 via input circuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Delivering power may be, for example, for charging of the power source QQ208. Power circuitry may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to the power from the power source QQ208 to make the power suitable for the respective components of the UE QQ200 to which power is supplied.
The memory QQ210 may be or be configured to include memory such as random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, flash drives, and so forth. In one example, the memory QQ210 includes one or more application programs QQ214, such as an operating system, web browser application, a widget, gadget engine, or other application, and corresponding data QQ216. The memory QQ210 may store, for use by the UE QQ200, any of a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operating systems.
The memory QQ210 may be configured to include a number of physical drive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID) , flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive, thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray optical disc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive, external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM) , synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcard memory such as tamper resistant module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) including one or more subscriber identity modules (SIMs) , such as a USIM and/or ISIM, other memory, or any combination thereof. The UICC may for example be an embedded UICC (eUICC) , integrated UICC (iUICC) or a removable UICC commonly known as ‘SIM card. ’ The memory QQ210 may allow the UE QQ200 to access instructions, application programs and the like, stored on transitory or non-transitory memory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in the memory QQ210, which may be or comprise a device-readable storage medium.
The processing circuitry QQ202 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using the communication interface QQ212. The communication interface QQ212 may comprise one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna QQ222. The communication interface QQ212 may include one or more transceivers used to communicate, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network) . Each transceiver may include a transmitter QQ218 and/or a receiver QQ220 appropriate to provide network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocations, and so forth) . Moreover, the transmitter QQ218 and receiver QQ220 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna QQ222) and may share circuit components, software or firmware, or alternatively be implemented separately.
In the illustrated embodiment, communication functions of the communication interface QQ212 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communications such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication such as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine a location, another like communication function, or any combination thereof. Communications may be implemented in according to one or more communication protocols and/or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, Code Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , GSM, LTE, New Radio (NR) , UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) , synchronous optical networking (SONET) , Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) , QUIC, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) , and so forth.
Regardless of the type of sensor, a UE may provide an output of data captured by its sensors, through its communication interface QQ212, via a wireless connection to a network node. Data captured by sensors of a UE can be communicated through a wireless connection to a network node via another UE. The output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature) , random (e.g., to even out the load from reporting from several sensors) , in response to a triggering event (e.g., when moisture is detected an alert is sent) , in response to a request (e.g., a user initiated request) , or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient) .
As another example, a UE comprises an actuator, a motor, or a switch, related to a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input the states of the actuator, the motor, or the switch may change. For example, the UE may comprise a motor that adjusts the control surfaces or rotors of a drone in flight according to the received input or to a robotic arm performing a medical procedure according to the received input.
A UE, when in the form of an Internet of Things (IoT) device, may be a device for use in one or more application domains, these domains comprising, but not limited to, city wearable technology, extended industrial application and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such an IoT device are a device which is or which is embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a TV, a connected lighting device, an electricity meter, a robot vacuum cleaner, a voice controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door/window sensor, a flood/moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system like a heat pump, an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a head-mounted display for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) , a wearable for tactile augmentation or sensory enhancement, a water sprinkler, an animal-or item-tracking device, a sensor for monitoring a plant or animal, an industrial robot, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) , and any kind of medical device, like a heart rate monitor or a remote controlled surgical robot. A UE in the form of an IoT device comprises circuitry and/or software in dependence of the intended application of the IoT device in addition to other components as described in relation to the UE QQ200 shown in FIG. 17.
As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/or measurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and/or measurements to another UE and/or a network node. The UE may in this case be an M2M device, which may in a 3GPP context be referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, a bus, a truck, a ship and an airplane, or other equipment that is capable of monitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functions associated with its operation.
In practice, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE might be or be integrated in a drone and provide the drone’s speed information (obtained through a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When the user makes changes from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g. by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the drone’s speed. The first and/or the second UE can also include more than one of the functionalities described above. For example, a UE might comprise the sensor and the actuator, and handle communication of data for both the speed sensor and the actuators.
FIG. 18 shows a network node QQ300 in accordance with some embodiments. As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and/or with other network nodes or equipment, in a telecommunication network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) , base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs) ) , O-RAN nodes or components of an O-RAN node (e.g., O-RU, O-DU, O-CU) .
Base stations may be categorized based on the amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, their transmit power level) and so, depending on the provided amount of coverage, may be referred to as femto base stations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro base stations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor node controlling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralized digital units, distributed units (e.g., in an O-RAN access node) and/or remote radio units (RRUs) , sometimes referred to as Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) . Such remote radio units may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS) .
Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities (MCEs) , Operation and Maintenance (O&M) nodes, Operations Support System (OSS) nodes, Self-Organizing Network (SON) nodes, positioning nodes (e.g., Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centers (E-SMLCs) ) , and/or Minimization of Drive Tests (MDTs) .
The network node QQ300 includes a processing circuitry QQ302, a memory QQ304, a communication interface QQ306, and a power source QQ308. The network node QQ300 may be composed of multiple physically separate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc. ) , which may each have their own respective components. In certain scenarios in which the network node QQ300 comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components) , one or more of the separate components may be shared among several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeBs. In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in some instances be considered a single separate network node. In some embodiments, the network node QQ300 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs) . In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memory QQ304 for different RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., a same antenna QQ310 may be shared by different RATs) . The network node QQ300 may also include multiple sets of the various illustrated components for different wireless technologies integrated into network node QQ300, for example GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, LoRaWAN, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chip or set of chips and other components within network node QQ300.
The processing circuitry QQ302 may comprise a combination of one or more of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logic operable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other network node QQ300 components, such as the memory QQ304, to provide network node QQ300 functionality.
In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ302 includes a system on a chip (SOC) . In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ302 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ312 and baseband processing circuitry QQ314. In some embodiments, the radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry QQ312 and the baseband processing circuitry QQ314 may be on separate chips (or sets of chips) , boards, or units, such as radio units and digital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry QQ312 and baseband processing circuitry QQ314 may be on the same chip or set of chips, boards, or units.
The memory QQ304 may comprise any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory including, without limitation, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , mass storage media (for example, a hard disk) , removable storage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD) ) , and/or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by the processing circuitry QQ302. The memory QQ304 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, and/or other instructions capable of being executed by the processing circuitry QQ302 and utilized by the network node QQ300. The memory QQ304 may be used to store any calculations made by the processing circuitry QQ302 and/or any data received via the communication interface QQ306. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry QQ302 and memory QQ304 is integrated.
The communication interface QQ306 is used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and/or data between a network node, access network, and/or UE. As illustrated, the communication interface QQ306 comprises port (s) /terminal (s) QQ316 to send and receive data, for example to and from a network over a wired connection. The communication interface QQ306 also includes radio front-end circuitry QQ318 that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, the antenna QQ310. Radio front-end circuitry QQ318 comprises filters QQ320 and amplifiers QQ322. The radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may be connected to an antenna QQ310 and processing circuitry QQ302. The radio front-end circuitry may be configured to condition signals communicated between antenna QQ310 and processing circuitry QQ302. The radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuitry QQ318 may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters QQ320 and/or amplifiers QQ322. The radio signal may then be transmitted via the antenna QQ310. Similarly, when receiving data, the antenna QQ310 may collect radio signals which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuitry QQ318. The digital data may be passed to the processing circuitry QQ302. In other embodiments, the communication interface may comprise different components and/or different combinations of components.
In certain alternative embodiments, the network node QQ300 does not include separate radio front-end circuitry QQ318, instead, the processing circuitry QQ302 includes radio front-end circuitry and is connected to the antenna QQ310. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuitry QQ312 is part of the communication interface QQ306. In still other embodiments, the communication interface QQ306 includes one or more ports or terminals QQ316, the radio front-end circuitry QQ318, and the RF transceiver circuitry QQ312, as part of a radio unit (not shown) , and the communication interface QQ306 communicates with the baseband processing circuitry QQ314, which is part of a digital unit (not shown) .
The antenna QQ310 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays, configured to send and/or receive wireless signals. The antenna QQ310 may be coupled to the radio front-end circuitry QQ318 and may be any type of antenna capable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly. In certain embodiments, the antenna QQ310 is separate from the network node QQ300 and connectable to the network node QQ300 through an interface or port.
The antenna QQ310, communication interface QQ306, and/or the processing circuitry QQ302 may be configured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be received from a UE, another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly, the antenna QQ310, the communication interface QQ306, and/or the processing circuitry QQ302 may be configured to perform any transmitting operations described herein as being performed by the network node. Any information, data and/or signals may be transmitted to a UE, another network node and/or any other network equipment.
The power source QQ308 provides power to the various components of network node QQ300 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed for each respective component) . The power source QQ308 may further comprise, or be coupled to, power management circuitry to supply the components of the network node QQ300 with power for performing the functionality described herein. For example, the network node QQ300 may be connectable to an external power source (e.g., the power grid, an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface such as an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies power to power circuitry of the power source QQ308. As a further example, the power source QQ308 may comprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery pack which is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry. The battery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.
Embodiments of the network node QQ300 may include additional components beyond those shown in FIG. 18 for providing certain aspects of the network node’s functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and/or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node QQ300 may include user interface equipment to allow input of information into the network node QQ300 and to allow output of information from the network node QQ300. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for the network node QQ300.
FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a host QQ400, which may be an embodiment of the host QQ116 of FIG. 1, in accordance with various aspects described herein. As used herein, the host QQ400 may be or comprise various combinations hardware and/or software, including a standalone server, a blade server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, a virtual machine, container, or processing resources in a server farm. The host QQ400 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.
The host QQ400 includes processing circuitry QQ402 that is operatively coupled via a bus QQ404 to an input/output interface QQ406, a network interface QQ408, a power source QQ410, and a memory QQ412. Other components may be included in other embodiments. Features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the devices of previous figures, such as Figures QQ2 and QQ3, such that the descriptions thereof are generally applicable to the corresponding components of host QQ400.
The memory QQ412 may include one or more computer programs including one or more host application programs QQ414 and data QQ416, which may include user data, e.g., data generated by a UE for the host QQ400 or data generated by the host QQ400 for a UE. Embodiments of the host QQ400 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown. The host application programs QQ414 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video codecs (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC) , High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) , Advanced Video Coding (AVC) , MPEG, VP9) and audio codecs (e.g., FLAC, Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) , MPEG, G. 711) , including transcoding for multiple different classes, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., handsets, desktop computers, wearable display systems, heads-up display systems) . The host application programs QQ414 may also provide for user authentication and licensing checks and may periodically report health, routes, and content availability to a central node, such as a device in or on the edge of a core network. Accordingly, the host QQ400 may select and/or indicate a different host for over-the-top services for a UE. The host application programs QQ414 may support various protocols, such as the HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) , Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) , Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG-DASH) , etc.
FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment QQ500 in which functions implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creating virtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may include virtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networking resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device described herein, or components thereof, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of the functionality is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines (VMs) implemented in one or more virtual environments QQ500 hosted by one or more of hardware nodes, such as a hardware computing device that operates as a network node, UE, core network node, or host. Further, in embodiments in which the virtual node does not require radio connectivity (e.g., a core network node or host) , then the node may be entirely virtualized. In some embodiments, the virtualization environment QQ500 includes components defined by the O-RAN Alliance, such as an O-Cloud environment orchestrated by a Service Management and Orchestration Framework via an O-2 interface.
Applications QQ502 (which may alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc. ) are run in the virtualization environment Q400 to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefits of some of the embodiments disclosed herein.
Hardware QQ504 includes processing circuitry, memory that stores software and/or instructions executable by hardware processing circuitry, and/or other hardware devices as described herein, such as a network interface, input/output interface, and so forth. Software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers QQ506 (also referred to as hypervisors or virtual machine monitors (VMMs) ) , provide VMs QQ508a and QQ508b (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs QQ508) , and/or perform any of the functions, features and/or benefits described in relation with some embodiments described herein. The virtualization layer QQ506 may present a virtual operating platform that appears like networking hardware to the VMs QQ508.
The VMs QQ508 comprise virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer QQ506. Different embodiments of the instance of a virtual appliance QQ502 may be implemented on one or more of VMs QQ508, and the implementations may be made in different ways. Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to as network function virtualization (NFV) . NFV may be used to consolidate many network equipment types onto industry standard high volume server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be located in data centers, and customer premise equipment.
In the context of NFV, a VM QQ508 may be a software implementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they were executing on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of the VMs QQ508, and that part of hardware QQ504 that executes that VM, be it hardware dedicated to that VM and/or hardware shared by that VM with others of the VMs, forms separate virtual network elements. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling specific network functions that run in one or more VMs QQ508 on top of the hardware QQ504 and corresponds to the application QQ502.
Hardware QQ504 may be implemented in a standalone network node with generic or specific components. Hardware QQ504 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware QQ504 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such as in a data center or CPE) where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration QQ510, which, among others, oversees lifecycle management of applications QQ502. In some embodiments, hardware QQ504 is coupled to one or more radio units that each includes one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. Radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces and may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or a base station. In some embodiments, some signaling can be provided with the use of a control system QQ512 which may alternatively be used for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.
FIG. 21 shows a communication diagram of a host QQ602 communicating via a network node QQ604 with a UE QQ606 over a partially wireless connection in accordance with some embodiments. Example implementations, in accordance with various embodiments, of the UE (such as a UE QQ112a of FIG. 1 and/or UE QQ200 of FIG. 17) , network node (such as network node QQ110a of FIG. 1 and/or network node QQ300 of FIG. 18) , and host (such as host QQ116 of FIG. 1 and/or host QQ400 of FIG. 19) discussed in the preceding paragraphs will now be described with reference to FIG. 21.
Like host QQ400, embodiments of host QQ602 include hardware, such as a communication interface, processing circuitry, and memory. The host QQ602 also includes software, which is stored in or accessible by the host QQ602 and executable by the processing circuitry. The software includes a host application that may be operable to provide a service to a remote user, such as the UE QQ606 connecting via an over-the-top (OTT) connection QQ650 extending between the UE QQ606 and host QQ602. In providing the service to the remote user, a host application may provide user data which is transmitted using the OTT connection QQ650.
The network node QQ604 includes hardware enabling it to communicate with the host QQ602 and UE QQ606. The connection QQ660 may be direct or pass through a core network (like core network QQ106 of FIG. 1) and/or one or more other intermediate networks, such as one or more public, private, or hosted networks. For example, an intermediate network may be a backbone network or the Internet.
The UE QQ606 includes hardware and software, which is stored in or accessible by UE QQ606 and executable by the UE’s processing circuitry. The software includes a client application, such as a web browser or operator-specific “app” that may be operable to provide a service to a human or non-human user via UE QQ606 with the support of the host QQ602. In the host QQ602, an executing host application may communicate with the executing client application via the OTT connection QQ650 terminating at the UE QQ606 and host QQ602. In providing the service to the user, the UE's client application may receive request data from the host's host application and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection QQ650 may transfer both the request data and the user data. The UE's client application may interact with the user to generate the user data that it provides to the host application through the OTT connection QQ650.
The OTT connection QQ650 may extend via a connection QQ660 between the host QQ602 and the network node QQ604 and via a wireless connection QQ670 between the network node QQ604 and the UE QQ606 to provide the connection between the host QQ602 and the UE QQ606. The connection QQ660 and wireless connection QQ670, over which the OTT connection QQ650 may be provided, have been drawn abstractly to illustrate the communication between the host QQ602 and the UE QQ606 via the network node QQ604, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and the precise routing of messages via these devices.
As an example of transmitting data via the OTT connection QQ650, in step QQ608, the host QQ602 provides user data, which may be performed by executing a host application. In some embodiments, the user data is associated with a particular human user interacting with the UE QQ606. In other embodiments, the user data is associated with a UE QQ606 that shares data with the host QQ602 without explicit human interaction. In step QQ610, the host QQ602 initiates a transmission carrying the user data towards the UE QQ606. The host QQ602 may initiate the transmission responsive to a request transmitted by the UE QQ606. The request may be caused by human interaction with the UE QQ606 or by operation of the client application executing on the UE QQ606. The transmission may pass via the network node QQ604, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. Accordingly, in step QQ612, the network node QQ604 transmits to the UE QQ606 the user data that was carried in the transmission that the host QQ602 initiated, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step QQ614, the UE QQ606 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which may be performed by a client application executed on the UE QQ606 associated with the host application executed by the host QQ602.
In some examples, the UE QQ606 executes a client application which provides user data to the host QQ602. The user data may be provided in reaction or response to the data received from the host QQ602. Accordingly, in step QQ616, the UE QQ606 may provide user data, which may be performed by executing the client application. In providing the user data, the client application may further consider user input received from the user via an input/output interface of the UE QQ606. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UE QQ606 initiates, in step QQ618, transmission of the user data towards the host QQ602 via the network node QQ604. In step QQ620, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the network node QQ604 receives user data from the UE QQ606 and initiates transmission of the received user data towards the host QQ602. In step QQ622, the host QQ602 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the UE QQ606.
One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to the UE QQ606 using the OTT connection QQ650, in which the wireless connection QQ670 forms the last segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may reduce the fluctuation of frequency position of random access channel of several types of terminal devices, such as LTE PRACH, CAT-M PRACH, and/or NR PRACH, with less resource wastage and thereby provide benefits such as avoiding obvious KPI degradation of these types of terminal devices (such as NR, LTE and/or Cat-M UEs) with as less restriction as possible.
In an example scenario, factory status information may be collected and analyzed by the host QQ602. As another example, the host QQ602 may process audio and video data which may have been retrieved from a UE for use in creating maps. As another example, the host QQ602 may collect and analyze real-time data to assist in controlling vehicle congestion (e.g., controlling traffic lights) . As another example, the host QQ602 may store surveillance video uploaded by a UE. As another example, the host QQ602 may store or control access to media content such as video, audio, VR or AR which it can broadcast, multicast or unicast to UEs. As other examples, the host QQ602 may be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-time critical electrical load to balance power generation needs, location services, presentation services (such as compiling diagrams etc. from data collected from remote devices) , or any other function of collecting, retrieving, storing, analyzing and/or transmitting data.
In some examples, a measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rate, latency and other factors on which the one or more embodiments improve. There may further be an optional network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection QQ650 between the host QQ602 and UE QQ606, in response to variations in the measurement results. The measurement procedure and/or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection may be implemented in software and hardware of the host QQ602 and/or UE QQ606. In some embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with other devices through which the OTT connection QQ650 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or supplying values of other physical quantities from which software may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguring of the OTT connection QQ650 may include message format, retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring need not directly alter the operation of the network node QQ604. Such procedures and functionalities may be known and practiced in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates measurements of throughput, propagation times, latency and the like, by the host QQ602. The measurements may be implemented in that software causes messages to be transmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using the OTT connection QQ650 while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc.
Although the computing devices described herein (e.g., UEs, network nodes, hosts) may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and/or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and/or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and/or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and/or by end users and a wireless network generally.
Claims (22)
- A method (1400) implemented in a base station supporting a coexistence of a first type of terminal device and a second type of terminal device, wherein the second type of terminal device does not receive system information in connected mode, and communication for the first type of terminal device and communication for the second type of terminal device share a same frequency band, the method comprising:determining (1410) whether frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will occupy at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not;in case that the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, keeping (1420) a first position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device unchanged.
- The method according to claim 1, further comprising:only when the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will occupy at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, updating (1430) the first position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device to a second position of frequency resources.
- The method according to claim 2, wherein the second position of frequency resources is an available position with a minimum displacement from the first position of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device.
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the determining (1410) comprises:determining whether a number of frequency resources to be allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device are decreased in comparison with frequency resources previously allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device or not; andwherein, when the frequency resources to be allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device are decreased, it is determined that the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the determining (1410) comprises:determining whether a number of frequency resources to be allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device is increased in comparison with frequency resources previously allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device or not; andin case that the number of frequency resources to be allocated to the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device is increased, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not.
- The method according to claim 5, wherein, in case that allocation of frequency resources is performed from a lower part of the frequency band, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, comprises:determining a second position offset of the frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, which is a minimum position offset to be available for the frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device; andcomparing the second position offset and a first position offset of corresponding frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
- The method according to claim 6, wherein, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, further comprises:determining whether the second position offset is smaller than or equal to the first position offset; andwherein, when the second position offset is smaller than or equal to the first position offset, it is determined that the increased frequency resources will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
- The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, further comprises:determining whether the second position offset is greater than the first position offset; andwherein, when the second position offset is greater than the first position offset, it is determined that the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
- The method according to claim 5, wherein in case that allocation of frequency resources is performed from an upper part of the frequency band, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, comprises:determining a second position offset of the frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, which is a maximum position offset to be available for the frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device; andcomparing the second position offset and a first position offset of corresponding frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
- The method according to claim 9, wherein, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, further comprises:determining whether the second position offset is greater than or equal to the first position offset; andwherein, when the second position offset is greater than or equal to the first position offset, it is determined that the increased frequency resources will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
- The method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein, determining whether the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not, further comprises:determining whether the second position offset is smaller than the first position offset; andwherein, when the second position offset is smaller than the first position offset, it is determined that the increased frequency resources will occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
- The method according to claim 8 or 11, further comprising:updating the first position offset to the second position offset.
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device shares same frequency resources with the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein frequency resources of the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device are separate from frequency resources of a physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device.
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 14, further comprising:determining a position of frequency resources to be allocated to the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device in dependent on a position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device.
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 15, wherein the first type of terminal device comprises at least one of the following:long term evolution (LTE) terminal device;new radio (NR) terminal device; ornarrow band (NB) internet of things (IOT) .
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 16, wherein the second type of terminal device comprises long term evolution (LTE) category M (CAT-M) terminal device.
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 17, wherein the physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device comprises at least one of LTE PUCCH or NR PUCCH, for a cell associated with the base station.
- The method according to any of claims 1 to 18, wherein the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device is CAT-M PRACH for a cell associated with the base station, and the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device comprises at least one of LTE PRACH, NR PRACH, or NB IOT PRACH, for the cell associated with the base station.
- An apparatus at a base station supporting a coexistence of a first type of terminal device and a second type of terminal device, wherein the second type of terminal device does not receive system information in connected mode, and communication for the first type of terminal device and communication for the second type of terminal device share a same frequency band, the apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories comprising computer program codes,the one or more memories and the computer program codes configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to:determine whether frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will occupy the at least part of frequency resources previously allocated to physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device or not; andin case that the frequency resources to be allocated to physical uplink control channel of the first type of terminal device will not occupy the at least part of the frequency resources previously allocated to the physical random access channel of the second type of terminal device or the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device, keep a first position of the frequency resources allocated to the physical random access channel of the first type of terminal device unchanged.
- The apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the one or more memories and the computer program codes are further configured to, with the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of claims 2-19.
- A computer-readable medium having computer program codes embodied thereon which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-19.
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