WO2024098993A1 - 一种超深层地震多次波确定方法、装置及计算机设备 - Google Patents

一种超深层地震多次波确定方法、装置及计算机设备 Download PDF

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WO2024098993A1
WO2024098993A1 PCT/CN2023/121902 CN2023121902W WO2024098993A1 WO 2024098993 A1 WO2024098993 A1 WO 2024098993A1 CN 2023121902 W CN2023121902 W CN 2023121902W WO 2024098993 A1 WO2024098993 A1 WO 2024098993A1
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seismic
physical model
strata
actual
multiple waves
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李闯
韩令贺
杨哲
谢俊法
丰超
王振卿
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China National Petroleum Corp
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China National Petroleum Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/288—Event detection in seismic signals, e.g. microseismics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
    • G01V1/30—Analysis
    • G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
    • G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
    • G01V2210/6222—Velocity; travel time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/60—Analysis
    • G01V2210/64—Geostructures, e.g. in 3D data cubes
    • G01V2210/642—Faults
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
    • G01V2210/70—Other details related to processing
    • G01V2210/74—Visualisation of seismic data

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of oil and gas field exploration, and in particular to a method, device and computer equipment for determining ultra-deep seismic multiple waves.
  • the filtering method uses the characteristic differences (periodicity and separability) between multiple waves and primary waves to select reasonable filtering parameters and filtering methods, and realizes the filtering or suppression of multiple waves in different transform domains.
  • the predictive subtraction method simulates the actual wave field or inverts seismic data through the wave equation to predict multiple waves, and subtracts the predicted multiple waves from the original seismic data.
  • the embodiments of this document provide a method, device and computer equipment for determining ultra-deep seismic multiple waves.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining ultra-deep seismic multiple waves, the method comprising: determining a seismic interpretation framework including an actual seismic profile and the velocity of each set of strata in the actual seismic profile according to seismic data and velocity field information of a target work area; constructing a seismic interpretation framework representing the actual seismic profile according to the strata in the actual seismic profile and the velocity of each set of strata A seismic physical model of the stratigraphic structure of the target work area, wherein the stratigraphic layers in the actual seismic profile include real stratigraphic layers and stratigraphic layers to be verified; performing simulated seismic signal acquisition on the seismic physical model to determine the seismic imaging profile generated by the seismic physical model; comparing the number of seismic wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging profile with the number of real stratigraphic layers in the actual seismic profile to obtain a comparison result; and determining, based on the comparison result, whether the seismic physical model generates multiple waves during the model seismic signal acquisition process.
  • determining whether the seismic physical model generates multiple waves during the model seismic signal acquisition process based on the comparison result includes: when the seismic physical model is constructed by the real formation and each set of formation velocities, if the comparison result is equal, determining that the seismic physical model does not generate multiple waves during the simulated seismic acquisition process; if the number of seismic wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging profile is greater than the number of the real formations, determining that the seismic physical model generates multiple waves during the simulated seismic acquisition process.
  • the method further includes: determining the spatial position of the multiple waves in the seismic imaging section; determining the strata in the actual seismic section whose spatial position from the multiple waves is less than a preset distance threshold; calculating the similarity between the morphology of the multiple waves and the morphology of the strata to obtain a calculation result; and based on the calculation result, determining the strata having the highest similarity with the multiple waves as the real strata that generated the multiple waves.
  • the method further includes: using similarity calculation to determine whether the morphology of the seismic wave reflection interface in the seismic imaging profile is consistent with the morphology of the formation to be verified; if they are consistent, determining that the formation to be verified is a virtual formation; if they are inconsistent, determining that the formation to be verified is a real formation.
  • constructing a seismic physical model that characterizes the stratigraphic structure of the target work area includes: determining the number of simulated strata in the physical model according to the number of strata selected from the actual seismic profile; determining the materials and material ratios for making the simulated strata of the physical model according to the velocities of each set of strata; determining the size of the physical model according to the size of the target work area; and determining the seismic physical model according to the number of simulated strata, the materials of the simulated strata and the size.
  • determining the size of the physical model according to the size of the target work area includes: determining the size of the physical model according to preset scale parameters and the size of the target work area, and the preset scale parameters include: scale ratio, speed ratio, density ratio, and sampling rate.
  • the method further comprises: when it is determined that multiple waves are generated, The secondary waves are suppressed from the actual stratigraphic section of the seismic interpretation framework to obtain a seismic section after removing the multiple waves.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also discloses an ultra-deep seismic multiple wave determination device, which includes: a seismic interpretation framework and velocity determination unit, which is used to determine the seismic interpretation framework including the actual seismic profile and the velocity of each set of strata in the actual seismic profile according to the seismic data and velocity field information of the target work area; a seismic physical model construction unit, which is used to construct a seismic physical model representing the stratigraphic structure of the target work area according to the strata in the actual seismic profile and the velocity of each set of strata, wherein the strata in the actual seismic profile include real strata and strata to be verified; a seismic imaging profile determination unit, which is used to simulate seismic signal acquisition for the seismic physical model and determine the seismic imaging profile generated by the seismic physical model; a comparison unit, which is used to compare the number of seismic wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging profile with the number of real strata in the actual seismic profile to obtain a comparison result; and a multiple wave generation determination unit, which is used to determine whether the seismic physical model generates multiple waves during the model seismic signal acquisition process according to the
  • the embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the method for determining ultra-deep seismic multiple waves is implemented when the processor executes the computer program.
  • the embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for determining ultra-deep seismic multiple waves is implemented.
  • This solution demonstrates the formation mechanism of multiple waves of ultra-deep earthquakes through this technical solution, and effectively guides the suppression of multiple waves.
  • the present invention directly clarifies the causes of the formation of multiple waves in ultra-deep layers, and predicts multiple waves by simulating seismic acquisition forward modeling with actual physical models, providing a new technical method for suppressing multiple waves in ultra-deep layers.
  • the cost of ultra-deep exploration is extremely high. Maximizing the quality of seismic data without increasing other acquisition costs is undoubtedly the most cost-effective choice for geological understanding and well point deployment.
  • FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for determining ultra-deep seismic multiple waves according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG2 is a flow chart of a method for determining whether multiple waves are generated according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG3 is a flow chart of a method for determining a stratum that generates multiple waves according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG4 is a flow chart of another method for determining whether multiple waves are generated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG5 is a flow chart of a method for determining an earthquake physical model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of an ultra-deep seismic multiple wave determination device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG7 is a schematic diagram showing the specific structure of the ultra-deep seismic multiple wave determination device according to the embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG8 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a computer device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG9A is a schematic diagram of an earthquake physics model according to an embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG9B is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a seismic physics model according to an embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of an actual seismic profile before suppression in an embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a simulated seismic imaging section of a seismic physics model according to an embodiment of this invention.
  • Seismic interpretation framework and velocity determination unit 602. Earthquake physical model construction unit; 6021. Simulated stratum quantity determination module; 6022, material determination module; 6023, size determination module; 603. Seismic imaging profile determination unit; 604, comparison unit; 6041, location determination module; 6042, similarity determination module; 6043. Real stratigraphic determination module; 605. Multiple wave generation determination unit; 802. Computer equipment; 804, processor; 806. Memory; 808, driving mechanism; 810, input/output module; 812. Input device; 814. Output device; 816. Presentation equipment; 818. Graphical user interface; 820, network interface; 822, communication link; 824. Communication bus.
  • the ultra-deep seismic multiple wave determination method in this article can be used in the field of oil and gas field exploration. This article does not limit the application field of the ultra-deep seismic multiple wave determination method and device.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to build a digital stratigraphic framework of the exploration target area through seismic data and velocity, and to establish a corresponding real stratigraphic physical model based on this, to implement seismic acquisition on the physical model using simulated seismic acquisition excitation signals, to track the wave field of the acquisition process in real time, to demonstrate the formation mechanism of ultra-deep multiple waves, and to guide the selection of effective methods for the development of multiple waves.
  • the suppression is carried out to restore the real seismic response of ultra-deep formations.
  • FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for determining ultra-deep seismic multiple waves according to an embodiment of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 based on the seismic data and velocity field information of the target work area, determine the seismic interpretation framework including the actual seismic section and the velocity of each set of strata in the actual seismic section.
  • two-dimensional or three-dimensional seismic data are loaded using seismic interpretation data, and formation calibration is performed through drilling or VSP data, and formation structural interpretation is performed according to the seismic reflection axis corresponding to the formation calibration, and a stratigraphic interpretation grid from shallow to deep is established.
  • the seismic grid includes a two-dimensional or three-dimensional seismic grid. Among them, a certain section is selected from the seismic interpretation grid to obtain a certain actual seismic section in the seismic grid, and the actual seismic section includes multiple strata, as shown in Figure 10, which is a schematic diagram of an actual seismic section before suppression in this article.
  • the velocity information of the wells drilled or the velocity field information collected by seismic data is also used to determine the velocity of each set of strata below the surface of the target work area, and the wave impedance difference of each set of strata can be further determined.
  • the seismic wave propagates, it has a certain propagation velocity.
  • the velocity information of each set of strata can be determined by the velocity information of the wells drilled or the velocity field information only obtained by seismic data.
  • Step 102 constructing a seismic physical model representing the stratigraphic structure of the target work area according to the stratigraphic layers in the actual seismic profile and the velocities of the various sets of stratigraphic layers, wherein the stratigraphic layers in the actual seismic profile include real stratigraphic layers and stratigraphic layers to be verified.
  • a seismic physical model can be simulated to perform subsequent simulated seismic acquisition, and the seismic physical model is shown in FIG9A and FIG9B.
  • Step 103 simulate seismic signal acquisition for the seismic physical model to determine the seismic imaging profile generated by the seismic physical model.
  • the corresponding physical material is selected to make a proportional physical model.
  • the thickness of each stratum in the physical model is determined according to the stratigraphic interpretation grid.
  • the physical material can be any material suitable for physical simulation, including but not limited to composite materials such as epoxy resin, silicone rubber, polysulfide rubber, talcum powder, etc.
  • the ratio of physical materials can be determined according to the velocity relationship of each set of strata. See Figure 5 for a detailed description of determining the ratio of physical materials according to velocity.
  • Step 104 compare the number of seismic wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging section with the number of real strata in the actual seismic section to obtain a comparison result.
  • the number of seismic wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging section and the number of real strata in the actual seismic section are obtained by using a simulated seismic acquisition device, and the numbers of the two are further compared to obtain a comparison result.
  • the seismic imaging section is shown in FIG11.
  • Step 105 Determine whether the seismic physical model generates multiple waves during the model seismic signal acquisition process based on the comparison result. See Figures 2 to 4 for a detailed description of this step. If it is determined that multiple waves are generated, the multiple waves are suppressed from the actual stratigraphic section of the seismic interpretation framework to obtain a seismic section after removing the multiple waves.
  • FIG2 is a flow chart of a method for determining whether multiple waves are generated according to an embodiment of the present invention, which specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 201 when the seismic physical model is constructed by the real strata and the velocities of each set of strata, if the comparison result is equal, it is determined that the seismic physical model does not generate multiple waves during the simulated seismic acquisition process.
  • a part of the strata is selected from the actual seismic profile to construct the seismic physical model.
  • the seismic physical model is constructed according to the real strata and the velocities of each set of strata in the actual seismic profile. Then the seismic physical model constructed based on the real strata also only contains the real simulated strata.
  • 20 real strata are determined from the actual seismic profile determined according to the stratigraphic interpretation framework and used to construct the physical model.
  • the number of strata simulated by the simulated seismic acquisition system for the physical model is 20, so it can be determined that no multiple waves are generated.
  • Step 202 if the number of seismic wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging section is greater than the number of the real strata, it is determined that the seismic physical model generates multiple waves during the simulated seismic acquisition process. For example, 20 real strata are determined from the actual seismic section determined according to the stratigraphic interpretation grid and used to construct the physical model. If the number of strata simulated by the simulated seismic acquisition system for the physical model is 22, it can be determined that multiple waves are generated in the physical model. In some embodiments of the present specification, when the number of seismic wave reflection interfaces obtained by simulating seismic acquisition based on the physical model constructed according to the determined strata is greater than the number of real strata, it can be determined that some strata in the real strata generate multiple waves.
  • FIG3 is a flow chart of a method for determining a stratum that generates multiple waves in an embodiment of the present invention. After determining that multiple waves are generated in the physical model simulation acquisition process according to FIG2, the stratum that generates the multiple waves is further determined. In general, the spatial position of the stratum that generates the multiple waves in the seismic profile is similar to the spatial position of the multiple waves in the seismic imaging profile.
  • the method shown in FIG3 specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 301 determine the spatial position of the multiple waves in the seismic imaging section.
  • the seismic imaging section obtained by simulating seismic acquisition according to the physical model first determine which seismic wave reflection interface in the seismic imaging section is a multiple wave.
  • image recognition technology can be used to compare the spatial position of each stratum in the seismic imaging section with that in the actual seismic section. Specifically, if the actual section contains 20 real strata, and the position of each real stratum is recorded by the simulated seismic acquisition equipment.
  • the seismic imaging section obtained by the simulated acquisition contains 22 seismic wave reflection interfaces, and the depth position information of each seismic wave reflection interface is also recorded by the simulated seismic acquisition equipment. The simulated seismic acquisition equipment then determines the depth positions of the 20 real strata and the 22 seismic wave reflection interfaces. The depth position is determined by selecting the seismic wave reflection interface that does not correspond to the depth position of the real stratum and determining it as a multiple wave.
  • Step 302 determining in the actual seismic profile the strata whose distance from the position of the multiple waves in the seismic imaging profile is less than a preset distance threshold. Because the multiple waves are generated between partial wave impedance interfaces, the position where the multiple waves are generated is relatively close to the position of the strata that generate the multiple waves. Therefore, the distance between the strata in the actual seismic profile and the position of the multiple waves determined in step 301 is calculated, and the strata whose distance from the position of the multiple waves is less than the preset distance threshold is determined as the stratum to be determined.
  • the preset distance threshold can be determined based on historical experience in analyzing the strata, or it can be determined based on the actual situation when the physical model is subjected to actual seismic simulation acquisition. This specification does not limit the size and form of the preset distance threshold.
  • Step 303 the similarity between the morphology of the multiple waves and the morphology of the stratum is calculated to obtain a calculation result. Based on the strata whose positions are less than a preset distance threshold from the multiple waves determined in step 302, the similarity between the morphology of these strata and the morphology of the multiple waves is calculated. In this step, the curve where the multiple waves are located and the curve of the stratum can be converted into vector representations, and the similarity between the vector representations can be further calculated.
  • Step 304 According to the calculation results, the stratum with the highest similarity to the multiple waves is determined as the real stratum that generates the multiple waves. In the similarity calculation results, the stratum with higher similarity is closer to the morphology of the multiple waves, and the stratum with the highest similarity can be determined as the real stratum that generates the multiple waves.
  • the actual seismic profile and the seismic imaging profile obtained by simulating the acquisition of the seismic physical model can also be normalized.
  • the spatial position of a real stratum in the actual seismic profile is at 2000ms
  • the spatial position of the seismic wave reflection interface corresponding to the stratum in the seismic imaging profile obtained by constructing the physical model is at 2100ms
  • the two types of profiles are normalized.
  • the amplitude energy is subtracted in the two types of profiles, and the stratum that produces multiple waves is determined based on the residual obtained by the subtraction.
  • FIG4 is a flowchart of another method for determining whether multiple waves are generated in an embodiment of this invention.
  • This method is applied to the case where the actual seismic profile includes the stratum to be verified, and when the number of seismic wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging profile is greater than the number of real strata, it can be determined according to the foregoing description that the seismic physical model generates multiple waves during the simulated seismic acquisition process. Therefore, it is necessary to use this solution to further determine whether the stratum to be verified is a real stratum or a false stratum.
  • the method specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 401 using similarity calculation, determines whether the shape of the seismic wave in the seismic imaging section is consistent with the shape of the formation to be verified.
  • the stratum to be verified is a stratum that is uncertain whether it is a real stratum. Its representation in the actual seismic profile may be blurred, discontinuous, and light gray lines. These lines may correspond to real strata, or may be noise signals in the process of forming the seismic interpretation framework, not real strata. Therefore, by judging whether the morphology of the seismic wave reflection interface in the seismic imaging section is similar or consistent with the morphology of the stratum to be verified, it is further determined whether the stratum to be verified is a real stratum. The scheme of similarity calculation is similar to that described in Figure 3, and this step is not repeated here.
  • the number of real strata and strata to be verified in the actual seismic profile and the number of seismic wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging profile can be processed and analyzed by the simulated seismic acquisition device or the simulated seismic acquisition system. Furthermore, the relationship between the two numbers can also be determined by the simulated seismic acquisition device or the simulated seismic acquisition system. Whether the shape of the seismic wave reflection interface in the seismic imaging profile is similar or consistent with the shape of the stratum to be verified can also be calculated, compared or analyzed by the image analysis software or model of the simulated seismic acquisition device or the simulated seismic acquisition system.
  • Step 402 if they are consistent, it is determined that the to-be-verified stratum is a virtual stratum.
  • a physical model is constructed using 18 real strata in the actual seismic profile.
  • the actual seismic profile of the target work area also includes 2 to-be-verified strata near these 18 real strata, but these 2 to-be-verified strata do not participate in the construction of the seismic physical model.
  • the number of seismic wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging profile simulated by the physical model is 20, it can be determined that multiple waves are generated. Under normal circumstances, if the 18 real strata do not generate multiple waves, the number of seismic wave reflection interfaces in the seismic profile simulated and collected by the seismic physical model is 18. The current number of seismic wave reflection interfaces is 20. Based on the appearance of the seismic physical model and the shape and position of the seismic wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging profile, it can be determined which two of the 20 seismic wave reflection interfaces are multiple waves.
  • the morphology of the two multiple wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging section is consistent with the morphology of the two to-be-verified strata in the actual seismic section. If the morphology of the two multiple wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging section is consistent with the morphology of the to-be-verified strata in the actual seismic section, or the similarity is greater than a certain threshold, it can be determined that the multiple waves in the seismic imaging section in this embodiment are the two to-be-verified strata in the actual seismic section.
  • the to-be-verified stratum does not exist and is a virtual stratum.
  • Step 403 If there is any inconsistency, determine that the formation to be verified is a real formation.
  • a physical model is constructed using 18 real strata in the actual seismic profile.
  • the actual seismic profile of the target work area also includes 2 strata to be verified, and the 2 strata to be verified do not participate in the construction of the seismic physical model. If the number of seismic wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging profile obtained by simulating the physical model according to the simulated seismic acquisition system is 20, it can be determined that multiple waves are generated. According to the aforementioned steps, it can be further determined which two of the 20 seismic wave reflection interfaces are multiple waves. Further analysis shows that the morphology of the two multiple wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging profile is consistent with the morphology of the two strata to be verified in the actual seismic profile.
  • the two multiple waves in the seismic imaging profile are not generated by the two uncertain strata to be verified, but by the actual The real strata in the seismic profile are generated. It can be determined that the two strata to be verified have generated multiple waves, and the strata to be verified are real strata.
  • FIG5 is a flow chart of a method for determining an earthquake physical model according to an embodiment of this invention, which specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 501 according to the number of strata selected from the actual seismic profile, the number of simulated strata in the physical model is determined.
  • the uncertain strata in the actual seismic profile can also be determined as the strata to be verified.
  • the physical model is constructed by one or a combination of the real strata and the strata to be verified.
  • the number of simulated strata in the physical model is determined. For example, if 20 strata are selected from the actual seismic profile for constructing the physical model, the number of simulated strata in the constructed physical model is 20.
  • Step 502 according to the velocity of each set of strata, determine the material and material ratio of the simulated strata for making the physical model.
  • the propagation velocity of seismic waves through different strata may be different and changeable. Therefore, according to the velocity of each stratum determined in step 101, different materials and material ratios are designed for each simulated stratum in the physical model to simulate the wave impedance characteristics of different strata in the actual target work area to meet the characteristics of the specific different propagation velocities of seismic waves between different strata. Further, according to the velocity of each set of strata corresponding to the actual seismic profile, the velocity correspondence between the strata can be calculated, and then the materials and ratios in the physical model can be configured.
  • the stratum velocity of stratum A in the actual seismic profile is 2000 m/s
  • the stratum velocity of stratum B is 2200 m/s.
  • the physical model can set the simulation velocity ratio, determine the first stratum corresponding to stratum A in the physical model to be a combination of epoxy resin and talcum powder, wherein the ratio of epoxy resin to talcum powder is 3:7; determine the second stratum corresponding to stratum B to be a combination of polysulfide rubber and silicone rubber, wherein the ratio of polysulfide rubber to silicone rubber is 2:3.
  • This application does not limit the form of determining the material and ratio of the simulated stratum according to the velocity of each set of strata.
  • Step 503 determine the size of the physical model according to the size of the target work area.
  • the size ratio of the physical model to the target work area can be set to 1:10000. According to this ratio, combined with the actual area or volume of the target work area, the size of the physical model is determined.
  • the size of the physical model is determined according to preset proportional parameters and the size of the target work area.
  • the preset proportional parameters include: scale ratio, velocity ratio, density ratio, sampling rate. It is used to determine the size of the physical model, the velocity of each set of strata, and the density of the physical model, as shown in Table 1.
  • Step 504 Determine the earthquake physical model according to the number of simulated strata, the material of the simulated strata and the size. Combined with the above parameters, the earthquake physical model is finally determined.
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-deep seismic multiple wave determination device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the device comprises:
  • the seismic interpretation grid and velocity determination unit 601 is used to determine the seismic interpretation grid including the actual seismic section and the velocity of each set of strata in the actual seismic section according to the seismic data and velocity field information of the target work area;
  • a seismic physical model building unit 602 is used to build a seismic physical model representing the stratigraphic structure of the target work area according to the stratigraphic layers in the actual seismic section and the velocities of the various sets of stratigraphic layers, wherein the stratigraphic layers in the actual seismic section include real stratigraphic layers and stratigraphic layers to be verified;
  • a seismic imaging profile determination unit 603 is used to simulate seismic signal acquisition for a seismic physical model and determine a seismic imaging profile generated by the seismic physical model;
  • a comparison unit 604 is used to compare the number of seismic wave reflection interfaces in the seismic imaging section with the number of real strata in the actual seismic section to obtain a comparison result;
  • the multiple wave generation determination unit 605 is used to determine whether the seismic physical model generates multiple waves during the model seismic signal acquisition process according to the comparison result.
  • This scheme demonstrates the formation mechanism of multiple waves of ultra-deep earthquakes and effectively guides the suppression of multiple waves.
  • the present invention directly clarifies the causes of the formation of multiple waves in ultra-deep layers, and predicts multiple waves by simulating seismic acquisition forward modeling with actual physical models, providing a new technical method for suppressing multiple waves in ultra-deep layers.
  • the cost of ultra-deep exploration is extremely high. Maximizing the quality of seismic data without increasing other acquisition costs is undoubtedly the most cost-effective choice for geological understanding and well point deployment.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the ultra-deep seismic multiple wave determination device of this embodiment.
  • the earthquake physical model building unit 602 further includes:
  • the simulated stratum quantity determination module 6021 is used to determine the number of simulated strata in the physical model according to the number of strata selected from the actual seismic profile;
  • the material determination module 6022 is used to determine the material and material ratio of the simulated formation for making the physical model according to the velocity of each set of formations.
  • the size determination module 6023 is used to determine the size of the physical model according to the size of the target work area.
  • the comparing unit 604 further includes:
  • a position determination module 6041 is used to determine the position of the multiple waves in the seismic imaging section
  • a similarity determination module 6042 is used to calculate the similarity between the morphology of the multiple waves and the morphology of the formation to obtain a calculation result;
  • the real formation determination module 6043 is used to determine the formation with the highest similarity to the multiple waves as the real formation that generates the multiple waves according to the calculation results.
  • the ultra-deep seismic multiple wave determination method described in the present application is applied to the computer device.
  • the computer device 802 may include one or more processors 804, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs), and each processing unit may implement one or more hardware threads.
  • the computer device 802 may also include any memory 806, which is used to store any kind of information such as code, settings, data, etc.
  • the memory 806 may include any one or more combinations of the following: any type of RAM, any type of ROM, flash memory device, hard disk, optical disk, etc. More generally, any memory may use any technology to store information. Further, any memory may provide volatile or non-volatile retention of information.
  • any memory may represent a fixed or removable component of the computer device 802.
  • the processor 804 executes an associated instruction stored in any memory or a combination of memories, the computer device 802 may perform any operation of the associated instruction.
  • the computer device 802 also includes one or more drive mechanisms 808 for interacting with any memory, such as a hard disk drive mechanism, an optical disk drive mechanism, etc.
  • the computer device 802 may also include an input/output module 810 (I/O) for receiving various inputs (via input devices 812) and for providing various outputs (via output devices 814).
  • a specific output mechanism may include a presentation device 816 and an associated graphical user interface (GUI) 818.
  • GUI graphical user interface
  • the input/output module 810 (I/O), the input device 812, and the output device 814 may not be included, and the computer device 802 may be used as a computer device in a network.
  • the computer device 802 may also include one or more network interfaces 820 for exchanging data with other devices via one or more communication links 822.
  • One or more communication buses 824 couple the components described above together.
  • the communication link 822 may be implemented in any manner, for example, via a local area network, a wide area network (e.g., the Internet), Point-to-point connection, etc., or any combination thereof.
  • the communication link 822 may include any combination of hardwired links, wireless links, routers, gateway functions, name servers, etc. governed by any protocol or combination of protocols.
  • FIG9A is a schematic diagram of an earthquake physical model of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the earthquake physical model is constructed based on the strata in the actual earthquake profile and the velocity of each set of strata.
  • the physical earthquake model can characterize the stratigraphic structure of the key areas of the target work area. In the earthquake physical model, four directions of southeast, northwest, and northeast can be divided, and the distance of the earthquake physical model in different directions can be determined. For example, in FIG9A, the distance along the due north direction is 1 meter, the distance along the due west direction is 1.2 meters, and the height of the earthquake physical model, that is, the depth, is 0.7 meters.
  • FIG9B is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an earthquake physical model of an embodiment of the present invention. Among them, different grayscale layers in the physical model represent different strata, and each stratum has different stratigraphic morphology.
  • FIG10 is a schematic diagram of an actual seismic profile before suppression in an embodiment of this invention, wherein the actual seismic profile includes real strata and uncertain strata to be verified.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a simulated seismic imaging section of a seismic physics model in an embodiment of this invention.
  • the waveform and position of the seismic waves in the simulated seismic imaging section of the seismic physics model can be compared with the strata in the actual seismic section to determine whether there are multiple waves in the actual seismic section, further determine the generation mechanism of the multiple waves, and further suppress the multiple waves.
  • the embodiments of this document further provide a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above method are executed.
  • the embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable instruction, wherein when a processor executes the instruction, the program therein causes the processor to execute the method shown in Figures 1 to 5.
  • the embodiments of the present invention further provide a computer program product, which includes a computer program.
  • a computer program product which includes a computer program.
  • the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic, for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, or can be electrical, mechanical or other forms of connection.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiments of this article.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of this invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional unit.
  • the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of this article is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product.
  • the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of this article.
  • the aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code.

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Abstract

一种超深层地震多次波确定方法、装置及计算机设备，包括：根据目的工区的地震资料及速度场信息，确定包括实际地震剖面的地震解释格架及实际地震剖面中各套地层的速度；根据实际地震剖面中的地层、各套地层的速度，构建表征目的工区地层结构的地震物理模型，实际地震剖面中的地层包括真实地层及待验证地层；对地震物理模型进行模拟地震信号采集，确定地震物理模型生成的地震成像；将地震成像中地震波反射界面的数量与实际地震剖面中真实地层的数量比较，得到比较结果；根据比较结果，确定地震物理模型在模拟地震信号采集过程中是否产生多次波。

Description

一种超深层地震多次波确定方法、装置及计算机设备
本申请要求2022年11月08日递交的申请号为2022113889494、发明名称为“一种超深层地震多次波确定方法、装置及计算机设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本文涉及油气田勘探领域，尤其是一种超深层地震多次波确定方法、装置及计算机设备。
背景技术
传统地震勘探中，多次波的存在一直是难以有效解决的问题。当多次反射波的能量足够强时，多次波能够轻易地压制较弱的一次波信息。因此，多次波通常被视为干扰信息。
目前多次波压制方法主要有两类，分别是基于几何地震学差异的滤波方法和基于波动理论的预测相减法。滤波方法利用多次波和一次波之间的特征差异(周期性和可分离性)选择合理的滤波参数和滤波方式，在不同变换域里实现对多次波的滤除或压制。预测相减法通过波动方程模拟实际波场或反演地震数据来预测多次波，将预测出的多次波从原始地震数据中减去。对于8000-10000米的超深层，由于地震信号传播路径长，构造运动及岩性组合复杂，导致超深层地层地震波场极其复杂，对复杂波场分析和预测多次波难度极大，上述方法都无法有效的发挥作用，因此对多次波的压制效果往往不理想，造成地震剖面上出现“假地层反射”的波阻界面。
针对目前技术无法预测超深层多次波的问题，需要一种超深层地震多次波确定方法及装置。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术的问题，本文实施例提供了一种超深层地震多次波确定方法、装置及计算机设备。
本文实施例提供了一种超深层地震多次波确定方法，方法包括：根据目的工区的地震资料及速度场信息，确定包括实际地震剖面的地震解释格架及所述实际地震剖面中各套地层的速度；根据所述实际地震剖面中的地层、所述各套地层的速度，构建表征所述 目的工区地层结构的地震物理模型，所述实际地震剖面中的地层包括真实地层及待验证地层；对地震物理模型进行模拟地震信号采集，确定所述地震物理模型生成的地震成像剖面；将所述地震成像剖面中地震波反射界面的数量与所述实际地震剖面中真实地层的数量进行比较，得到比较结果；根据所述比较结果，确定所述地震物理模型在模型地震信号采集过程中是否产生多次波。
根据本文实施例的一个方面，根据所述比较结果，确定所述地震物理模型在模型地震信号采集过程中是否产生多次波包括：当所述地震物理模型由所述真实地层、各套地层速度构建时，若所述比较结果为相等，确定所述地震物理模型在模拟地震采集过程中未产生多次波；若所述地震成像剖面中的地震波反射界面的数量大于所述真实地层的数量，确定所述地震物理模型在模拟地震采集过程中产生多次波。
根据本文实施例的一个方面，在确定地震物理模型在模拟地震采集过程中产生多次波之后，所述方法进一步包括：确定所述多次波在所述地震成像剖面中的空间位置；在所述实际地震剖面中确定与所述多次波的空间位置小于预设距离阈值的地层；将所述多次波的形态与所述地层的形态的进行相似度计算，得到计算结果；根据所述计算结果，将与所述多次波具有最高相似度的地层，确定为生成所述多次波的真实地层。
根据本文实施例的一个方面，当所述实际地震剖面中包括待验证地层，且所述地震成像剖面中的地震波反射界面的数量大于所述真实地层的数量，确定所述地震物理模型在模拟地震采集过程中产生多次波，所述方法还包括：利用相似度计算，判断所述地震成像剖面中的地震波反射界面的形态是否与所述待验证地层的形态一致；若一致，则确定所述待验证地层为虚拟地层；若不一致，确定所述待验证地层为真实地层。
根据本文实施例的一个方面，所述构建表征所述目的工区地层结构的地震物理模型包括：根据从实际地震剖面中选择的地层数量，确定所述物理模型中的模拟地层数量；根据所述各套地层的速度，确定制作所述物理模型的模拟地层的材料及材料配比；根据所述目的工区的大小，确定所述物理模型的尺寸；根据所述模拟地层数量、模拟地层的材料及所述尺寸，确定地震物理模型。
根据本文实施例的一个方面，所述根据所述目的工区的大小，确定所述物理模型的尺寸包括：根据预设比例参数及目的工区大小，确定物理模型的尺寸，所述预设比例参数包括：尺度比例、速度比例、密度比例、采样率。
根据本文实施例的一个方面，所述方法进一步包括：当确定产生多次波，将所述多 次波从地震解释格架的实际地层剖面中压制，得到去除多次波后的地震剖面。
本文实施例还公开了一种超深层地震多次波确定装置，所述装置包括：地震解释格架及速度确定单元，用于根据目的工区的地震资料及速度场信息，确定包括实际地震剖面的地震解释格架及所述实际地震剖面中各套地层的速度；地震物理模型构建单元，用于根据所述实际地震剖面中的地层、所述各套地层的速度，构建表征所述目的工区地层结构的地震物理模型，所述实际地震剖面中的地层包括真实地层及待验证地层；地震成像剖面确定单元，用于对地震物理模型进行模拟地震信号采集，确定所述地震物理模型生成的地震成像剖面；比较单元，用于将所述地震成像剖面中地震波反射界面的数量与所述实际地震剖面中真实地层的数量进行比较，得到比较结果；多次波生成确定单元，用于根据所述比较结果，确定所述地震物理模型在模型地震信号采集过程中是否产生多次波。
本文实施例还提供了一种计算机设备，所述计算机设备包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现所述超深层地震多次波确定方法。
本文实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现所述超深层地震多次波确定方法。
本方案通过该技术方案论证了超深层地震多次波的形成机制，有效指导多次波的压制。通过消除超深层基底“地层假象”，提高深层地震的成像精度，为地质分析提供可靠的资料基础。本发明直接明确超深层多次波形成成因，以实际物理模型模拟地震采集正演的方式预测多次波，为超深层压制多次波提供新的技术方法。超深层勘探成本极高，在不增加其它采集成本的前提下最大限度的提升地震资料品质，对地质认识、井点部署无疑是效益最大化的选择。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本文实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本文的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1所示为本文实施例一种确定超深层地震多次波的方法流程图；
图2所示为本文实施例一种确定是否产生多次波的方法流程图；
图3所示为本文实施例一种确定生成多次波的地层的方法流程图；
图4所示为本文实施例另一种确定是否产生多次波的方法流程图；
图5所示为本文实施例一种确定地震物理模型的方法流程图；
图6所示为本文实施例一种超深层地震多次波确定装置的结构示意图；
图7所示为本文实施例超深层地震多次波确定装置的具体结构示意图；
图8所示为本文实施例一种计算机设备的结构示意图；
图9A所示为本文实施例一种地震物理模型的示意图；
图9B所示为本文实施例一种地震物理模型的三维示意图；
图10所示为本文实施例一种压制前的实际地震剖面的示意图；
图11所示为本文实施例一种地震物理模型的模拟地震成像剖面的示意图。
附图符号说明：
601、地震解释格架及速度确定单元；
602、地震物理模型构建单元；
6021、模拟地层数量确定模块；
6022、材料确定模块；
6023、尺寸确定模块；
603、地震成像剖面确定单元；
604、比较单元；
6041、位置确定模块；
6042、相似度确定模块；
6043、真实地层确定模块；
605、多次波生成确定单元；
802、计算机设备；
804、处理器；
806、存储器；
808、驱动机构；
810、输入/输出模块；
812、输入设备；
814、输出设备；
816、呈现设备；
818、图形用户接口；
820、网络接口；
822、通信链路；
824、通信总线。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本说明书中的技术方案，下面将结合本文实施例中的附图，对本文实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本文一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本文中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本文保护的范围。
需要说明的是，本文的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本文的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、装置、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
本说明书提供了如实施例或流程图所述的方法操作步骤，但基于常规或者无创造性的劳动可以包括更多或者更少的操作步骤。实施例中列举的步骤顺序仅仅为众多步骤执行顺序中的一种方式，不代表唯一的执行顺序。在实际中的系统或装置产品执行时，可以按照实施例或者附图所示的方法顺序执行或者并行执行。
需要说明的是，本文的超深层地震多次波确定方法可用于油气田勘探领域本文对超深层地震多次波确定方法及装置的应用领域不做限定。
在本说明书中，地震波由震源向地下传播遇到较强的波阻抗分界面时，除了产生常规的反射之外，还产生来往于界面之间的多次反射的波，这样的地震波为多次波。本发明目的通过地震资料和速度，搭建勘探目标区域的数字化的地层框架，以此为依据建立对应的真实地层物理模型，利用模拟地震采集激发信号对物理模型实施地震采集，对采集过程的波场实时跟踪，论证超深层多次波的形成机制，指导选择有效方法对多次波开 展压制，还原超深层真实的地层地震响应。
图1所示为本文实施例一种超深层地震多次波确定方法的流程图，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤101，根据目的工区的地震资料及速度场信息，确定包括实际地震剖面的地震解释格架及所述实际地震剖面中各套地层的速度。
在本步骤中，利用地震解释资料加载二维或三维地震资料，并通过钻井或VSP资料进行地层标定，并根据地层标定对应的地震反射轴进行地层构造解释，建立由浅层到深层的地层解释格架。与地震解释资料相对应的，地震格架包括二维或三维的地震格架。其中，对地震解释格架中选取某一剖面，得到地震格架中的某一个实际地震剖面，该实际地震剖面中包括多个地层，如图10所示，图10为本文一种压制前的实际地震剖面的示意图。
在本步骤中，还包括利用已钻井的速度信息或地震采集的速度场信息，确定目的工区地表以下的各套地层的速度，进一步也可以确定各套地层的波阻抗差异。地震波在传播时，具有一定的传播速度，在地层构造解释的基础上，通过已钻井的速度信息或地震才记得到的速度场信息，可以确定每套地层的速度资料。
步骤102，根据所述实际地震剖面中的地层、所述各套地层的速度，构建表征所述目的工区地层结构的地震物理模型，所述实际地震剖面中的地层包括真实地层及待验证地层。在本说明书中，通过从实际地震剖面中选择真实地层、待验证地层中的一种或全部，结合各套地层的速度，可以模拟地震物理模型，以进行后续的模拟地震采集，所述地震物理模型如图9A及图9B所示。
步骤103，对地震物理模型进行模拟地震信号采集，确定所述地震物理模型生成的地震成像剖面。在本步骤中，根据实际地震剖面中的地层数量、各套地层的速度，选择对应的物理材料制作等比例的物理模型。其中，物理模型中每一层地层的厚度根据地层解释格架确定。其中，物理材料可以是任意适合开展物理模拟的材料，包括但不限于：环氧树脂、硅橡胶、聚硫橡胶、滑石粉等复合材料。并可以根据各套地层的速度关系，确定物理材料的配比。关于根据速度确定物理材料配比的描述详见图5。
步骤104，将所述地震成像剖面中地震波反射界面的数量与所述实际地震剖面中真实地层的数量进行比较，得到比较结果。具体的，利用模拟地震采集设备获取地震成像剖面中地震波反射界面的数量及实际地震剖面中真实地层的数量，进一步比较二者的数量大小，得到比较结果。其中，地震成像剖面如图11所示。
步骤105，根据所述比较结果，确定所述地震物理模型在模型地震信号采集过程中是否产生多次波。关于本步骤的描述详见图2至图4。若确定产生多次波，将所述多次波从地震解释格架的实际地层剖面中压制，得到去除多次波后的地震剖面。
图2所示为本文实施例一种确定是否产生多次波的方法流程图，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤201，当所述地震物理模型由所述真实地层、各套地层速度构建时，若所述比较结果为相等，确定所述地震物理模型在模拟地震采集过程中未产生多次波。在本说明书中，从实际地震剖面中选取部分地层构建地震物理模型。本步骤中，根据实际地震剖面中的真实地层及各套地层的速度构建地震物理模型。则基于真实地层构建得到的地震物理模型中也只包含真实模拟地层。
例如，从根据地层解释格架确定的实际地震剖面中确定20条真实地层，并用于构建物理模型。而根据模拟地震采集系统对物理模型模拟得到的地层的数量为20层，则可以确定无多次波产生。
步骤202，若所述地震成像剖面中的地震波反射界面的数量大于所述真实地层的数量，确定所述地震物理模型在模拟地震采集过程中产生多次波。例如，从根据地层解释格架确定的实际地震剖面中确定20条真实地层，并用于构建物理模型。而根据模拟地震采集系统对物理模型模拟得到的地层的数量为22层，则可以确定该物理模型中生成了多次波。在本说明书的一些实施例中，当根据确定地层构建的物理模型模拟地震采集得到的地震波反射界面的数量大于真实地层的数量，则可以确定真实地层中的部分地层生成了多次波。
图3所示为本文实施例一种确定生成多次波的地层的方法流程图。在根据图2描述确定物理模型模拟采集过程中生成了多次波之后，进一步确定生成多次波的地层。在通常情况下，生成多次波的地层在地震剖面中的空间位置与地震成像剖面中多次波的空间位置较为相似。图3所示方法具体包括如下步骤：
步骤301，确定所述多次波在所述地震成像剖面中的空间位置。根据物理模型进行模拟地震采集得到的地震成像剖面中，首先确定地震成像剖面中的哪一条地震波反射界面为多次波。在本说明书中，可以利用图像识别技术对地震成像剖面与实际地震剖面中的各地层的空间位置进行比对。具体的，若实际剖面中包含20条真实地层，且每一真实地层的位置都由模拟地震采集设备记录。另外，模拟采集得到的地震成像剖面中包含22条地震波反射界面，且每一地震波反射界面所处的深度位置信息也由模拟地震采集设备记录。则由模拟地震采集设备判断20条真实地层的深度位置及22条地震波反射界面的 深度位置，选择与真实地层的深度位置无法对应的地震波反射界面，将其确定为多次波。
步骤302，在所述实际地震剖面中确定与所述地震成像剖面中多次波的位置小于预设距离阈值的地层。因为多次波是在部分波阻抗界面之间生成的，因此多次波产生的位置与产生多次波的地层的位置较为相近。因此，计算实际地震剖面中的地层与步骤301中确定的多次波的位置的距离，确定与多次波的位置小于预设距离阈值的地层为待确定地层。在本说明书中，预设距离阈值可以是根据历史对地层的分析经验确定的，也可以根据对物理模型进行实际地震模拟采集时的实际情况进行确定，本说明书对预设距离阈值的大小和形式不作限定。
步骤303，将所述多次波的形态与所述地层的形态的进行相似度计算，得到计算结果。根据步骤302中确定的与多次波的位置小于预设距离阈值的地层，计算这些地层的形态与多次波的形态的相似度。在本步骤中，可以将多次波所在的曲线与地层的曲线转换为向量表示，并进一步计算向量表示之间相似度。
步骤304，根据所述计算结果，将与所述多次波具有最高相似度的地层，确定为生成所述多次波的真实地层。在相似度计算结果中，相似度越高的地层与多次波的形态越接近，则可以将相似度最高的地层确定为生成多次波的真实地层。
在本说明书的一些实施例中，也可以对实际地震剖面和通过地震物理模型模拟采集得到的地震成像剖面进行归一化。例如，某真实地层在实际地震剖面中的空间位置为2000ms处，而根据其构建物理模型得到的地震成像剖面，该地层对应的地震波反射界面的空间位置为2100ms处，则对前后两类剖面进行归一化。进一步在两类剖面中进行振幅能量进行相减，根据相减得到的残差确定产生多次波的地层。
图4所示为本文实施例另一种确定是否产生多次波的方法流程图。该方法应用于实际地震剖面中包括待验证地层的情况，且地震成像剖面中的地震波反射界面的数量大于真实地层的数量时，根据前文描述已经能够确定地震物理模型在模拟地震采集过程中产生多次波。因此需要利用本方案进一步确定待验证地层是否为真实地层，或虚假地层。该方法具体包括如下步骤：
步骤401，利用相似度计算，判断所述地震成像剖面中的地震波的形态是否与所述待验证地层的形态一致。
在本说明书的一些实施例中，待验证地层为不确定是否为真实地层的地层，其在实际地震剖面图中的表征可能是模糊不明显、不连续、灰度较浅的线条，这些线条可能对应的是真实存在的地层，也可能是地震解释格架形成过程中的噪声信号，不是真实存在 的地层。因此，通过判断地震成像剖面中的地震波反射界面的形态与待验证地层的形态是否相似或一致，以进一步确定待验证地层是否为真实地层。相似度计算的方案与图3描述类似，本步骤在此不作赘述。
在本步骤中，确定实际地震剖面图中的真实地层及待验证地层的数量、确定地震成像剖面中的地震波反射界面的数量均可以由模拟地震采集设备或模拟地震采集系统进行处理、分析，进一步的，判断二者数量的大小关系也可以由模拟地震采集设备或模拟地震采集系统进行。判断地震成像剖面中的地震波反射界面的形态与待验证地层的形态是否相似或一致也可以由模拟地震采集设备或模拟地震采集系统中的图像分析软件或模型进行计算、对比或分析。
步骤402，若一致，则确定所述待验证地层为虚拟地层。例如，利用实际地震剖面中的18条真实地层构建物理模型，目的工区的实际地震剖面与这18条真实地层附近还包括2条待验证地层，但这2条待验证地层并没有参与构建地震物理模型。若物理模型模拟得到的地震成像剖面中的地震波反射界面的数量为20条，则可以确定有多次波的产生。在通常情况下，18条真实地层若未产生多次波，则地震物理模型模拟采集得到的地震剖面中地震波反射界面的数量为18。而当前地震波反射界面的数量为20，则根据地震物理模型的外观及地震成像剖面中地震波反射界面的形态及位置，可以确定这20条地震波反射界面中哪两条是多次波。
进一步分析这2条多次波反射界面在地震成像剖面中的形态与实际地震剖面中的2条待验证地层的形态一致。若这2条多次波反射界面在地震成像剖面中的形态与实际地震剖面中的待验证地层的形态一致，或相似度大于一定阈值，则可以确定本实施例中的地震成像剖面中的多次波即为实际地震剖面中的2条待验证地层。该待验证地层不存在，是虚拟地层。
步骤403，若不一致，确定所述待验证地层为真实地层。
以步骤402中的实施例为例，例如，利用实际地震剖面中的18条真实地层构建物理模型。目的工区的实际地震剖面中还包括2条待验证地层，该2条待验证地层没有参与构建地震物理模型。若根据模拟地震采集系统对物理模型模拟得到的地震成像剖面中的地震波反射界面的数量为20条，则可以确定有多次波的产生。根据前述步骤，进一步可以确定20条地震波反射界面中哪两条是多次波。进一步分析这2条多次波反射界面在地震成像剖面中的形态与实际地震剖面中的2条待验证地层的形态一致。若不一致，说明地震成像剖面中的2条多次波并不是由这2条不确定的待验证地层生成的，而是由实际 地震剖面中的真实地层生成的。则可以确定2条待验证地层生成了多次波，且待验证地层为真实地层。
图5所示为本文实施例一种确定地震物理模型的方法流程图，具体包括如下步骤：
步骤501，根据从实际地震剖面中选择的地层数量，确定所述物理模型中的模拟地层数量。是本步骤中，通过对实际地震剖面中各地层分布，对其中的真实地层或稳定地层进行解释，也可以确定实际地震剖面中的不确定地层作为待验证地层。将真实地层、待验证地层中的一种或组合，构建物理模型。根据从实际地震剖面中选择的地层的数量，确定物理模型中的模拟地层的数量。例如，从实际地震剖面中选择20条地层用于构建物理模型，则构建完成的物理模型中的模拟地层的数量为20条。
步骤502，根据所述各套地层的速度，确定制作所述物理模型的模拟地层的材料及材料配比。在本说明书中，地震波经过不同地层的传播速度可能是不同的、发生变化的，因此，根据步骤101中确定的各地层的速度，对物理模型中的每一模拟地层设计不同的材料及材料配比，模拟实际目的工区不同地层的波阻抗特性，以满足地震波在不同地层之间具体不同的传播速度的特征。进一步的，可以根据实际地震剖面中对应的各套地层的速度，计算各地层之间的速度对应关系，进而对物理模型中的材料及配比进行配置。例如，实际地震剖面中A地层的地层速度为2000米/秒，B地层的地层速度为2200米/秒。物理模型的可以设定模拟速度比例，确定物理模型中与A地层的第一地层为环氧树脂与滑石粉的组合，其中，环氧树脂与滑石粉的配比为3：7；确定与B地层对应的第二地层为聚硫橡胶及硅橡胶的组合，其中，聚硫橡胶与硅橡胶的配比为2:3。本申请对根据各套地层的速度确定模拟地层的材料及配比的形式不作限定。
步骤503，根据所述目的工区的大小，确定所述物理模型的尺寸。本步骤中，物理模型与目的工区的尺寸比例可以设定为1:10000，根据该比例，结合目的工区的实际面积或容积，确定物理模型的尺寸。在本说明书的一些实施例中，根据预设比例参数及目的工区大小，确定物理模型的尺寸，所述预设比例参数包括：尺度比例、速度比例、密度比例、采样率。用于确定物理模型的尺寸大小、各套地层的速度及物理模型的密度等，如表1所示。
表1

步骤504，根据所述模拟地层数量、模拟地层的材料及所述尺寸，确定地震物理模型。结合上述参数，最终确定地震物理模型。
图6所示为本文实施例一种超深层地震多次波确定装置的示意图，所述装置包括：
地震解释格架及速度确定单元601，用于根据目的工区的地震资料及速度场信息，确定包括实际地震剖面的地震解释格架及所述实际地震剖面中各套地层的速度；
地震物理模型构建单元602，用于根据所述实际地震剖面中的地层、所述各套地层的速度，构建表征所述目的工区地层结构的地震物理模型，所述实际地震剖面中的地层包括真实地层及待验证地层；
地震成像剖面确定单元603，用于对地震物理模型进行模拟地震信号采集，确定所述地震物理模型生成的地震成像剖面；
比较单元604，用于将所述地震成像剖面中地震波反射界面的数量与所述实际地震剖面中真实地层的数量进行比较，得到比较结果；
多次波生成确定单元605，用于根据所述比较结果，确定所述地震物理模型在模型地震信号采集过程中是否产生多次波。
本方案论证了超深层地震多次波的形成机制，有效的指导多次波的压制。通过消除超深层基底“地层假象”，提高深层地震的成像精度，为地质分析提供可靠的资料基础。本发明直接明确超深层多次波形成成因，以实际物理模型模拟地震采集正演的方式预测多次波，为超深层压制多次波提供新的技术方法。超深层勘探成本极高，在不增加其它采集成本的前提下最大限度的提升地震资料品质，对地质认识、井点部署无疑是效益最大化的选择。
作为本文的一个实施例，还可以参考如图7所示为本实施例超深层地震多次波确定装置的具体结构示意图。
作为本文的一个实施例，所述地震物理模型构建单元602，进一步包括：
模拟地层数量确定模块6021，用于根据从实际地震剖面中选择的地层数量，确定所述物理模型中的模拟地层数量；
材料确定模块6022，用于根据所述各套地层的速度，确定制作所述物理模型的模拟地层的材料及材料配比。
尺寸确定模块6023，用于根据所述目的工区的大小，确定所述物理模型的尺寸。
作为本文的一个实施例，所述比较单元604进一步包括：
位置确定模块6041，用于确定所述多次波在所述地震成像剖面中的位置；
相似度确定模块6042，用于将所述多次波的形态与所述地层的形态的进行相似度计算，得到计算结果；
真实地层确定模块6043，用于根据所述计算结果，将与所述多次波具有最高相似度的地层，确定为生成所述多次波的真实地层。
如图8所示，为本文实施例提供的一种计算机设备。本申请所述超深层地震多次波确定方法应用于所述计算机设备。所述计算机设备802可以包括一个或多个处理器804，诸如一个或多个中央处理单元(CPU)，每个处理单元可以实现一个或多个硬件线程。计算机设备802还可以包括任何存储器806，其用于存储诸如代码、设置、数据等之类的任何种类的信息。非限制性的，比如，存储器806可以包括以下任一项或多种组合：任何类型的RAM，任何类型的ROM，闪存设备，硬盘，光盘等。更一般地，任何存储器都可以使用任何技术来存储信息。进一步地，任何存储器可以提供信息的易失性或非易失性保留。进一步地，任何存储器可以表示计算机设备802的固定或可移除部件。在一种情况下，当处理器804执行被存储在任何存储器或存储器的组合中的相关联的指令时，计算机设备802可以执行相关联指令的任一操作。计算机设备802还包括用于与任何存储器交互的一个或多个驱动机构808，诸如硬盘驱动机构、光盘驱动机构等。
计算机设备802还可以包括输入/输出模块810(I/O)，其用于接收各种输入(经由输入设备812)和用于提供各种输出(经由输出设备814)。一个具体输出机构可以包括呈现设备816和相关联的图形用户接口(GUI)818。在其他实施例中，还可以不包括输入/输出模块810(I/O)、输入设备812以及输出设备814，仅作为网络中的一台计算机设备。计算机设备802还可以包括一个或多个网络接口820，其用于经由一个或多个通信链路822与其他设备交换数据。一个或多个通信总线824将上文所描述的部件耦合在一起。
通信链路822可以以任何方式实现，例如，通过局域网、广域网(例如，因特网)、 点对点连接等、或其任何组合。通信链路822可以包括由任何协议或协议组合支配的硬连线链路、无线链路、路由器、网关功能、名称服务器等的任何组合。
图9A所示为本文实施例一种地震物理模型的示意图，所述地震物理模型是根据所述实际地震剖面中的地层、所述各套地层的速度构建得到的。物理地震模型可以表征所述目的工区重点区域的地层结构。在地震物理模型上，可以划分东南西北四个方向，并可以确定地震物理模型在不同方向上的距离。例如，图9A中沿正北方向的距离为1米，沿正西方向的距离为1.2米，地震物理模型的高度也即深度为0.7米。图9B所示为本文实施例一种地震物理模型的三维示意图。其中，物理模型中不同灰度层表示不同的地层，每一地层具备不同的地层形态。
图10所示为本文实施例一种压制前的实际地震剖面的示意图，其中，实际地震剖面中包括真实地层及待验证的不确定地层。
图11所示为本文实施例一种地震物理模型的模拟地震成像剖面的示意图。其中，地震物理模型的模拟地震成像剖面中的地震波的波形及所处的位置可以与实际地震剖面中的地层进行比对，以判断实际地震剖面中是否存在多次波，进一步判断多次波的产生机制，并进一步可对多次波进行压制。
对应于图1至图5中的方法，本文实施例还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质。该计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器运行时执行上述方法的步骤。
本文实施例还提供一种计算机可读指令，其中当处理器执行所述指令时，其中的程序使得处理器执行如图1至图5所示的方法。
本文实施例还提供了一种计算机程序产品，计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如图1至图5所示的方法。
应理解，在本文的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本文实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
还应理解，在本文实施例中，术语“和/或”仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系。例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬 件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各示例的组成及步骤。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本文的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本文所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口、装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，也可以是电的，机械的或其它的形式连接。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本文实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本文各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以是两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本文的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分，或者该技术方案的全部或部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本文各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
本文中应用了具体实施例对本文的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本文的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本文的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容 不应理解为对本文的限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种超深层地震多次波确定方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    根据目的工区的地震资料及速度场信息，确定包括实际地震剖面的地震解释格架及所述实际地震剖面中各套地层的速度；
    根据所述实际地震剖面中的地层、所述各套地层的速度，构建表征所述目的工区地层结构的地震物理模型，所述实际地震剖面中的地层包括真实地层及待验证地层；
    对地震物理模型进行模拟地震信号采集，确定所述地震物理模型生成的地震成像剖面；
    将所述地震成像剖面中地震波反射界面的数量与所述实际地震剖面中真实地层的数量进行比较，得到比较结果；
    根据所述比较结果，确定所述地震物理模型在模型地震信号采集过程中是否产生多次波。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超深层地震多次波确定方法，其特征在于，根据所述比较结果，确定所述地震物理模型在模型地震信号采集过程中是否产生多次波包括：
    当所述地震物理模型由所述真实地层、各套地层速度构建时，若所述比较结果为相等，确定所述地震物理模型在模拟地震采集过程中未产生多次波；
    若所述地震成像剖面中的地震波反射界面的数量大于所述真实地层的数量，确定所述地震物理模型在模拟地震采集过程中产生多次波。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的超深层地震多次波确定方法，其特征在于，在确定地震物理模型在模拟地震采集过程中产生多次波之后，所述方法进一步包括：
    确定所述多次波在所述地震成像剖面中的空间位置；
    在所述实际地震剖面中确定与所述多次波的空间位置小于预设距离阈值的地层；
    将所述多次波的形态与所述真实地层的形态分别进行相似度计算，得到相似度计算结果；
    将所述相似度计算结果中最大相似度对应的地层，确定为生成所述多次波的真实地层。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的超深层地震多次波确定方法，其特征在于，当所述实际地 震剖面中包括待验证地层，且所述地震成像剖面中的地震波反射界面的数量大于所述真实地层的数量，确定所述地震物理模型在模拟地震采集过程中产生多次波还包括：
    利用相似度计算，判断所述地震成像剖面中的地震波反射界面的形态是否与所述待验证地层的形态一致；
    若一致，则确定所述待验证地层为虚拟地层；
    若不一致，确定所述待验证地层为真实地层。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的超深层地震多次波确定方法，其特征在于，所述构建表征所述目的工区地层结构的地震物理模型包括：
    根据从实际地震剖面中选择的地层数量，确定所述物理模型中的模拟地层数量；
    根据所述各套地层的速度，确定制作所述物理模型的模拟地层的材料及材料配比；
    根据所述目的工区的大小，确定所述物理模型的尺寸；
    根据所述模拟地层数量、模拟地层的材料及所述尺寸，确定地震物理模型。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的超深层地震多次波确定方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述目的工区的大小，确定所述物理模型的尺寸包括：
    根据预设比例参数及目的工区大小，确定物理模型的尺寸，所述预设比例参数包括：尺度比例、速度比例、密度比例、采样率。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的超深层地震多次波确定方法，其特征在于，所述方法进一步包括：
    当确定产生多次波，将所述多次波从地震解释格架的实际地层剖面中压制，得到去除多次波后的地震剖面。
  8. 一种超深层地震多次波确定装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    地震解释格架及速度确定单元，用于根据目的工区的地震资料及速度场信息，确定包括实际地震剖面的地震解释格架及所述实际地震剖面中各套地层的速度；
    地震物理模型构建单元，用于根据所述实际地震剖面中的地层、所述各套地层的速度，构建表征所述目的工区地层结构的地震物理模型，所述实际地震剖面中的地层包括真实地层及待验证地层；
    地震成像剖面确定单元，用于对地震物理模型进行模拟地震信号采集，确定所述地震物理模型生成的地震成像剖面；
    比较单元，用于将所述地震成像剖面中地震波反射界面的数量与所述实际地震剖面中真实地层的数量进行比较，得到比较结果；
    多次波生成确定单元，用于根据所述比较结果，确定所述地震物理模型在模型地震信号采集过程中是否产生多次波。
  9. 一种计算机设备，包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序，其特征在于，所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现权利要求1至7任意一项所述的方法。
  10. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现权利要求1至7任意一项所述的方法。
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