WO2024093068A1 - 架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置、子导线间隔棒及系统 - Google Patents

架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置、子导线间隔棒及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024093068A1
WO2024093068A1 PCT/CN2023/078555 CN2023078555W WO2024093068A1 WO 2024093068 A1 WO2024093068 A1 WO 2024093068A1 CN 2023078555 W CN2023078555 W CN 2023078555W WO 2024093068 A1 WO2024093068 A1 WO 2024093068A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
icing
component
overhead line
clutch mechanism
frame
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2023/078555
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨宇
任春光
张佰富
王磊
赵震
冯杰
Original Assignee
李荷泉
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Application filed by 李荷泉 filed Critical 李荷泉
Publication of WO2024093068A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024093068A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02GINSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G7/00Overhead installations of electric lines or cables
    • H02G7/16Devices for removing snow or ice from lines or cables
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02GINSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G7/00Overhead installations of electric lines or cables
    • H02G7/02Devices for adjusting or maintaining mechanical tension, e.g. take-up device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02GINSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G7/00Overhead installations of electric lines or cables
    • H02G7/12Devices for maintaining distance between parallel conductors, e.g. spacer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02GINSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G7/00Overhead installations of electric lines or cables
    • H02G7/20Spatial arrangements or dispositions of lines or cables on poles, posts or towers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/14Extreme weather resilient electric power supply systems, e.g. strengthening power lines or underground power cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an overhead line split conductor anti-icing and de-icing device, a sub-conductor spacer and a system.
  • the icing phenomenon of overhead line conductors is caused by some specific meteorological reasons, which mainly include: temperature, humidity, cold and warm air convection, circulation and wind speed and other factors.
  • Supercooled water droplets in the atmosphere are extremely unstable in liquid form due to the lack of crystallization nuclei. When they fall on the conductors, the conductors will serve as crystallization nuclei.
  • the supercooled water droplets quickly condense and adhere to the conductors to form ice.
  • icing can be divided into the following types: 1 When the water vapor in the atmosphere is supersaturated, it adheres to the conductors, and after sublimation and condensation, it forms radial crystals called rime. During its formation process, the water droplets freeze before they are tightly combined with each other, and they contain many gaps or bubbles inside. The density of rime is small, relatively loose, and its adhesion to the conductors is relatively weak. 2 Supercooled water droplets in the atmosphere adhere to the conductors in front of them. The clear, smooth and transparent ice on the windward side is rime. During its formation, water droplets freeze after tightly combining with each other.
  • the resulting ice is smooth and tight, with high density and strong adhesion to the conductor.
  • 3 Supercooled water droplets form transparent and opaque layers overlapping alternately or similar to frosted glass on the windward side, which is mixed rime. This type of ice has a high density and relatively strong adhesion to the conductor.
  • the harm of icing to overhead lines mainly includes two aspects: first, if the thickness of icing exceeds the design standard by a large margin, it will cause the overhead line to be seriously overloaded, resulting in tower collapse and line breakage; second, during the deicing process, the line will be forced to shut down due to line deicing jumps, or the conductor hardware and other equipment will be damaged due to unbalanced deicing of the conductor.
  • the harm of icing is obvious to all, and people are also trying to find economical, environmentally friendly, operable and practical methods to prevent and control icing.
  • the main methods for deicing overhead lines are: thermal deicing, manual or mechanical deicing, hydrophobic and hydrophobic coatings, blasting deicing, and natural passive deicing.
  • methods such as electric pulse deicing, pulley scraping, electromagnetic impact deicing, robot deicing and laser deicing have also developed rapidly. Although these methods have their own characteristics, there is still a lack of an economical, practical, safe and effective deicing method. The research on this issue has always been one of the hot topics in the field of overhead transmission lines.
  • Overhead line icing requires two conditions: one is the conditions that cannot be changed or are difficult to change, such as meteorological conditions such as temperature, humidity and wind speed. Obviously, once the line path is determined, the meteorological conditions can hardly be changed unless the line path is reselected, but this will require a high price. The other is that after the corresponding meteorological conditions are met, the thickness of the ice layer needs to continue to grow and accumulate, that is, a development process of a certain time span under the joint action of multiple factors.
  • the icing caused by such factors can be used for anti-icing and de-icing to a certain extent, mainly including two aspects: 1 The necessary heat exchange process for supercooled water droplets or solid-liquid mixtures in the atmosphere to adhere to the conductor.
  • the supercooled water droplets or solid-liquid mixtures in the atmosphere cannot form a cumulative effect by freezing on the conductor; 2
  • the conditions for icing are obtained, and the corresponding anti-icing and de-icing work can consider two aspects: 1 Destroying the supercooled water droplets or solid-liquid mixtures in the atmosphere The heat exchange process required for the solid-liquid mixture to adhere to the conductor. Common methods include thermal anti-icing methods such as critical current method, photothermal, and electrothermal coatings. 2 Change the adhesion or adhesion between the ice layers on the conductor.
  • Common methods include various hydrophobic and hydrophobic coatings, various thermal ice melting methods, and various mechanical deicing methods. Based on the above-mentioned conditions for producing ice 2, it is an obvious conventional idea to develop a method that directly applies force to the ice on the conductor to destroy the ice.
  • Inventing a mechanical deicing device (or robot deicing device) that works in an equipotential field (or ground potential field) of the conductor (or overhead ground wire) is a conventional practice of this idea. Inventions in this area have always been a hot spot and difficulty in research.
  • Mechanical anti-icing and deicing devices can be divided into mobile deicing devices and fixed installation position (fixed) deicing devices according to whether the installation position relative to the conductor (or overhead ground wire) changes during operation.
  • the mobile deicing device uses a mechanical device to apply force to the ice on the conductor during the reciprocating movement of the deicing device on the conductor to destroy the ice layer, thereby realizing the deicing function. Because its working method is simple, direct and obvious, most of the currently disclosed mechanical deicing inventions are concentrated on mobile deicing devices.
  • a smaller vibration amplitude can achieve a larger range of anti-icing and de-icing, and with a relatively acceptable energy consumption level and number of devices, anti-icing and de-icing or reducing the severity of ice can be achieved.
  • Many inventions of fixed installation position de-icing devices such as: "A de-icing device for overhead lines" (CA2444216A1/CA2444216C/US7310948B2), etc., have all ignored this detail.
  • the mobile de-icing device focuses more on de-icing and is a post-event measure, while the fixed installation can be used for anti-icing, which can be an in-process and pre-event measure. This provides a feasible idea for the anti-icing and de-icing method using a fixed installation position.
  • the distributed installation of mechanical anti-icing and de-icing devices in fixed installation positions on overhead lines is similar to the principle of traditional manual de-icing, and is feasible. Moreover, compared with manual de-icing, it can also improve the degree of automation and work efficiency of anti-icing and de-icing to a certain extent.
  • the difficulty mainly focuses on how to invent an anti-icing and de-icing device with low energy consumption, high efficiency, high reliability, high intelligence, and full compatibility with the existing tower line system based on the actual situation of extremely harsh objective conditions.
  • the mechanical de-icing device is mobile or fixed, it must have a certain energy supply to complete its anti-icing and de-icing function.
  • the work of the present invention mainly includes the following 6 aspects: 1 Make full use of the time gap from supercooled water droplets to condensation into ice, focus on taking measures before and during the process, avoid the ice layer from being tightly adhered and frozen before removing the ice, and improve energy utilization efficiency; 2 Improve the efficiency of energy use, use less energy supply, and maximize the force of each vibration acting on the conductor, that is: slowly accumulate potential energy, quickly release potential energy, and increase the energy released by the device at one time; 3 Reasonably control the frequency of the anti-icing and de-icing device action according to different ice types to save energy consumption; 4 Reduce the mass of the device itself, improve the energy density and power density of the device, minimize the impact of the device on the existing tower line system, and fully compatible with the existing tower line system to avoid solving old problems but also bringing new problems.
  • the device is used in harsh outdoor environments for a long time, and it is extremely difficult to install and remove. Therefore, the average trouble-free working time requirement is It is extremely demanding, which requires the use of high-reliability devices as much as possible while minimizing the number of components. 6 Reduce the cost of the device and improve the economy of the device.
  • the mechanical fixed-mounted anti-icing and de-icing device also needs to solve the problem of rationally using the limited energy obtained, improving the efficiency of energy accumulation and energy release of the entire anti-icing and de-icing device, and improving the energy density and power density of the device.
  • the invention "Device and method for removing foreign matter such as snow and ice from overhead lines" (CN 1486525A) proposes a mechanical fixed installation position anti-icing and de-icing device.
  • the invention uses an operationally controllable electromagnetic vibrator, which is semi-fixedly installed on the overhead line, and shakes off the ice on the conductor through the vibration of the electromagnetic vibrator.
  • the vibrator selected is an existing mature product, such as the Wacker 400w ER model of the American WACKER company.
  • the invention did not fully consider the actual difficulties faced by energy extraction, but directly adopted existing mature products, which directly led to the invention being almost unable to meet actual needs, and more of a train of thought and concept was proposed.
  • the inventions “Mechanical vibration deicing device” (CN 201417921Y), “Elevated cable air explosion vibration deicing device” (CN 201549858U), and “A mechanical vibration deicing device for overhead ground wires” (CN 201247941Y) are all mechanical anti-icing and deicing devices that are manually installed. Their working principle is to achieve the purpose of deicing by driving the wire to vibrate through the device.
  • the notable features of this invention are sufficient energy supply, large wire vibration amplitude, and good deicing effect.
  • this invention also has some insurmountable shortcomings, such as: 1 Chemical energy is used for energy supply (or energy storage), that is: explosives are pre-loaded, and the explosives are detonated by remote control after the device is in place.
  • this method can generally only be used once or a few times. If the number exceeds the corresponding number, the explosives need to be reloaded, resulting in low efficiency; 2 When deicing, the device needs to manually launch a traction rope so that the device can be hung on the wire that needs to be deiced, which also leads to low work efficiency.
  • a deicing device uses a vibrator to vibrate the conductor.
  • the deicing principle of this invention is also to shake off the ice on the conductor through vibration. Because its vibrator needs to transmit the vibration force to the overhead line through an insulating connecting rod that meets the insulation distance, the principle of this invention is simple, but extremely difficult to implement, especially for ultra-high voltage overhead lines.
  • the insulating connecting rod may be almost impossible to hang on the overhead line that is tens of meters above the ground. In actual operation, this device can be regarded as an upgraded version of artificial deicing.
  • a power line gravity impact deicing device and its application proposes a line deicing device that mainly uses circuit devices to realize gravity impact.
  • the invention uses an electromagnetic driver to pull upward or release downward a weight indirectly hung on the wire, so as to generate an impact force on the overhead line, thereby shaking off the ice on the wire.
  • the invention first uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to obtain electrical energy from the wire through which current flows, and then stores the obtained electrical energy through a capacitor.
  • the energy density of capacitors is relatively small, requiring a larger volume and weight, which affects the energy density and economy of the entire device.
  • Circuit devices such as capacitors have relatively high requirements for the use environment. The outdoor operating environment of overhead transmission lines can easily cause capacitors to age prematurely and lose their functions.
  • 3 Once the current increases, the cost of circuit switches increases sharply, the weight of the device increases significantly, and the economy and reliability deteriorate. 4
  • the invention uses circuits to transmit and cut off the force, while the present invention adopts a mechanical mechanism, namely a clutch mechanism, which is relatively reliable and more practical.
  • the invention uses the sudden change in gravity of an additional object to produce a vibration effect, while the present invention uses energy storage devices to release energy to generate relative motion and acceleration between the two sub-conductors for anti-icing and de-icing, thereby improving the energy density and power density of the device.
  • invention Intelligent deicing device for four-split conductors
  • Intelligent deicing device for six-split transmission line uses the characteristic of memory alloy that changes in length with temperature to drive the cam to rotate, thereby causing the spacing between the split conductors to change suddenly. Change to achieve the de-icing effect.
  • invention CN 101414739B does not explain how the pawl and the rack can be disengaged when the elastic force of the memory alloy and the spring is balanced, which will directly affect the device's rapid return to the initial state.
  • the inherent characteristics of the memory alloy are limited by the ambient temperature.
  • invention CN102983537B does not explain how the entire device returns to the initial state, which means that the device can only operate once after installation, which also greatly limits the use of the device.
  • the invention “An Overhead Line Deicing Device” (CA2444216A1/CA2444216C/US7310948B2) discloses a deicing device fixedly installed on an overhead line.
  • the device applies a force perpendicular to the conductor in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the overhead line conductor, causing the conductor to produce a lateral displacement and then suddenly release, thereby causing the overhead line conductor to vibrate laterally, thereby achieving the purpose of removing ice from the overhead line conductor.
  • the device includes: an energy collection module, an energy storage module, a trigger mechanism, and an energy release module. Among them, the energy collection module is used to collect energy and convert the collected energy into mechanical energy or electrical energy for easy use.
  • the energy storage module is used to store energy such as mechanical energy or electrical energy collected and converted by the energy collection module.
  • the trigger module triggers the device to operate according to meteorological conditions and line conditions.
  • the energy transmission module converts the energy obtained by the energy collection module or the energy stored in the energy storage module into mechanical energy or kinetic energy, and then transmits it to the overhead line to make it vibrate, thereby achieving anti-icing and deicing of the overhead line.
  • the problem solved by the invention is still de-icing, which is a post-measure and basically has no anti-icing function. It is difficult to apply to ice covered by sleet or mixed rime. Even if the ice is rime, if the action cycle of the device cannot be set or is set unreasonably, the corresponding ice thickness may be thicker, which may easily cause the line to fall off and jump during the de-icing process, causing forced shutdown. Correspondingly, the working process of the device supporting the invention is also unreasonable.
  • the triggering action conditions rely on meteorological conditions, ambient temperature and humidity or line conditions, making it difficult to achieve repeated triggering, with a low degree of controllability and difficult to control the action frequency of the device.
  • the invention does not fully consider how to achieve the effect
  • 3 The device protected by the invention claims is more of a functional and conceptual explanation, the content is too broad, the disclosure is insufficient, the implementation is not specific, and it is difficult to be truly applied to the actual overhead line anti-icing and deicing. A lot of work is needed in the future to implement its concept and function to the device level.
  • the present invention discloses an anti-icing and de-icing device for fixed installation on the split conductor of an overhead transmission line.
  • the present invention adopts the idea of switching the two states of accumulating potential energy and releasing potential energy of the energy storage device by a mechanical contact clutch mechanism, and designs an anti-icing and de-icing device fixedly installed on the split conductor of the overhead transmission line.
  • the clutch mechanism is used to efficiently and controllably transmit or cut off the output of the force, torque or motion; by reasonably setting the duration of the separation state of the clutch mechanism, the controllability, reliability and scope of application of the device are improved; by adding an energy storage device between the base and the moving part, the energy density per unit mass of the device is improved.
  • the energy storage device arranged between the base and the moving part accumulates potential energy.
  • the separation state of the clutch mechanism the potential energy accumulated in the energy storage device is released to the sub-conductor of the split conductor, and the ice on the overhead transmission line is shaken off.
  • the present disclosure provides an overhead line split conductor anti-icing and deicing device, which is used for fixed installation on the split conductor of the overhead power transmission line, and includes a base, an electric drive assembly, a moving part and an energy storage device;
  • the electric drive assembly is arranged on the base, and the electric drive assembly comprises a motor and a clutch mechanism;
  • the clutch mechanism comprises an input end, an output end, an active component and a driven component; the input end is connected to the active component, and the driven component is connected to the output end; there are only two mutually exclusive and controllable working states between the active component and the driven component: engagement and separation;
  • the active component and the driven component When the active component and the driven component are in an engaged state, the active component transmits a force, torque or motion to the driven component; when the active component and the driven component are in a separated state, the active component is cut off from transmitting a force, torque or motion to the driven component;
  • the active component and the driven component have a set separation state duration
  • the output of the motor is connected to the input end, and the output end is connected to the moving part
  • the moving component is movably matched with the base, and the electric drive assembly drives the moving component to move relative to the base through the clutch mechanism;
  • the energy storage device is arranged between the base and the moving component, and the base and the moving component are respectively connected to different sub-conductors of the split conductor through connecting components;
  • the motor drives the moving component to move relative to the base through the clutch mechanism, so that the energy storage device arranged between the base and the moving component accumulates potential energy;
  • the clutch mechanism cuts off the driving of the motor on the moving component.
  • the moving component that loses the drive moves relative to the base under the action of the restoring force of the energy storage device, and the potential energy accumulated in the energy storage device is released.
  • the released potential energy acts on the sub-conductor of the split conductor through the connecting component, causing it to move and accelerate, thereby shaking off the ice on the overhead line.
  • a stopper is provided on the base, and the stopper is arranged on the moving part.
  • the component is on the path of movement relative to the base, and is used to form a stop or limit for the movement of the moving component when the energy storage device releases potential energy.
  • the stop or limit causes the movement of the moving component relative to the base to suddenly stop, thereby causing the sub-conductors of the split conductors to generate acceleration.
  • the base has a cavity, and the clutch mechanism, the energy storage device and the moving part are arranged in the cavity.
  • a motor controller is also included, which is electrically connected to the motor and is used to control the action of the motor, including rotation, stop and speed regulation.
  • the duration of the separation state between the active component and the driven component is set by the motor controller.
  • the energy storage device is a spring.
  • the spring is an air spring, a column spring, a leaf spring, a disc spring or a torsion spring.
  • the potential energy accumulated or released between the base and the moving component further includes tension potential energy between different sub-conductors and/or gravitational potential energy of the sub-conductors themselves.
  • the energy storage device is arranged between the base and the connecting component arranged on the moving component, or between different sub-conductors.
  • the clutch mechanism adopts an operating clutch mechanism, which also includes a clutch control unit and a position switch.
  • the clutch control unit is used to control the engagement and disengagement of the active component and the driven component.
  • the position switch is arranged on the base and is used to obtain the position of the moving component.
  • the clutch control unit manipulates the active component and the driven component into an engaged or disengaged state according to the output of the position switch.
  • the clutch mechanism adopts a self-controlled clutch mechanism
  • the self-controlled clutch mechanism automatically enters an engagement or disengagement state by utilizing the motion state of the active component or the driven component and/or the change of its own structure;
  • the active component is provided with a first engaging portion and a separating portion
  • the driven component is provided with a second engaging portion.
  • the active component is an incomplete gear, with tooth segments and optical segments arranged in sequence in the circumferential direction.
  • the first engaging portion is a tooth segment
  • the separating portion is a smooth segment
  • the driven component is a rack
  • the second engaging portion is a tooth segment on the rack.
  • the active component is an incomplete gear, and a tooth segment and a smooth segment are sequentially arranged in the circumferential direction, the first engaging portion is the tooth segment, and the separating portion is the smooth segment;
  • the driven component is a gear, and the second engaging portion is a tooth portion on the gear; or the driven component is a gear set, and the second engaging portion is a tooth portion of an input gear of the gear set.
  • the duration of the separation state between the active component and the driven component is set by the arc size of the smooth section of the incomplete gear.
  • the clutch mechanism is a first clutch mechanism including a first incomplete gear and a first rack; the active component is the first incomplete gear, and the driven component is the first rack; the first engaging portion on the active component is a tooth segment of the first incomplete gear, and the separating portion on the active component is a smooth segment of the first incomplete gear; the second engaging portion on the driven component is a tooth portion on the first rack; the input shaft of the first incomplete gear is the input end, and the first rack is the output end;
  • the moving component is arranged on the first rack;
  • the first incomplete gear input shaft is drivingly connected with the output shaft of the motor, the first incomplete gear has a tooth segment and a smooth segment, when the tooth segment of the first incomplete gear cooperates with the first rack, the active component is engaged with the driven component, and when the smooth segment of the first incomplete gear cooperates with the first rack, the active component is separated from the driven component;
  • the duration of the separation state of the active component and the driven component of the first clutch mechanism is set by the arc size of the smooth section of the first incomplete gear.
  • the first clutch mechanism further includes a first complete gear set, the first incomplete gear is transmission-connected to the input gear of the first complete gear set, and the output gear of the first complete gear set is transmission-connected to the first rack.
  • the clutch mechanism is a second clutch mechanism, and the second clutch mechanism includes a first operating clutch mechanism, a first full gear and a second rack;
  • the output shaft of the motor is in transmission connection with the input end of the first operating clutch mechanism, and the output end of the second clutch mechanism is arranged on the second rack; the output end of the first operating clutch mechanism is driven by the cooperation between the first full gear and the second rack.
  • the rotational motion of the second rack is converted into the linear motion of the second rack; the moving component is arranged on the second rack;
  • the duration of the separation state between the active component and the driven component is set by the clutch control unit of the first operating clutch mechanism.
  • the clutch mechanism is a third clutch mechanism including a second incomplete gear and a winding portion;
  • the active component is the second incomplete gear, and the driven component is a winding portion with a complete gear at one end;
  • the first engaging portion on the active component is a tooth segment of the second incomplete gear, and the separating portion on the active component is a smooth segment of the second incomplete gear;
  • the second engaging portion of the driven component is a tooth segment of the complete gear at one end of the winding portion;
  • the input shaft of the second incomplete gear is the input end, and one end of the winding portion is the output end;
  • the output of the motor is drivingly connected to the input shaft of the second incomplete gear, a complete gear is provided at one end of the winding portion and cooperates with the second incomplete gear, and the winding portion is driven by the second incomplete gear to wind the flexible traction rope to pull the moving component to generate movement;
  • the second incomplete gear has a tooth segment and a smooth segment, when the tooth segment of the second incomplete gear cooperates with the winding portion, the active component is engaged with the driven component, and when the smooth segment of the second incomplete gear cooperates with the winding portion, the active component is separated from the driven component;
  • the duration of the separation state between the active component and the driven component is set by the arc of the smooth section of the second incomplete gear.
  • the third clutch mechanism includes a second complete gear set, and the second complete gear set is transmission-connected between the second incomplete gear and the winding portion.
  • the clutch mechanism is a fourth clutch mechanism including a cam and a rocker rod cooperating with the cam;
  • the active component is the cam, and the driven component is the rocker rod; according to different rotation directions of the cam, the first engaging portion on the active component is the side where the protruding portion of the cam profile contacts the rocker rod, and the separating portion on the active component is the other portion of the cam profile along the surface;
  • the second engaging portion on the driven component is the surface portion where the rocker rod contacts the protruding portion of the cam;
  • the input shaft of the cam is the input end, and the end of the rocker rod connected to the moving component is the output end;
  • the input shaft of the cam is connected to the output shaft of the motor through transmission.
  • the rotating shaft is rotatably matched with the base, and the moving component is arranged on the rocker rod; when the cam is driven by the motor and its protruding part rotates to start contacting with the rocker rod, the active component and the driven component enter the engaged state, and the moving component starts to rotate around the rotating shaft under the action of the driving force, and the leaf spring of the energy storage device connected between the base and the moving component accumulates potential energy; when the cam rotates until its protruding part is out of contact with the rocker rod, the active component and the driven component enter the separated state, and the moving component returns around the rotating shaft under the action of the restoring force of the leaf spring of the energy storage device.
  • the multiple swing rods are arranged on the base at set intervals.
  • the duration of the separation state between the active component and the driven component is used to set the frequency of the operation of the overhead line split conductor anti-icing and de-icing device.
  • the connecting component includes a first frame and a second frame, each of the first frame and the second frame is provided with at least one wire clamp for connecting the sub-conductor, the first frame is connected to the base, and the moving component is connected to the second frame.
  • first frame and the second frame both have two ends; the first end of the first frame is rotatably connected to the first end of the second frame via a first rotating shaft, the second end of the first frame is rotatably connected to the base via a second rotating shaft, and the moving component and the second end of the second frame are rotatably connected via a third rotating shaft.
  • the first frame and the second frame both have two ends; the first end of the first frame and the first end of the second frame are rotatably connected via a first connecting plate, using a fourth rotating axis and a fifth rotating axis; the second end of the first frame and the second end of the second frame are rotatably connected via a second connecting plate, using a sixth rotating axis and a seventh rotating axis; the first end of the first frame and the base are rotatably connected via the fourth rotating axis, and the second end of the second frame and the moving component are rotatably connected via the seventh rotating axis.
  • the first frame and the second frame both have two ends; the first end of the first frame is rotatably connected to the first end of the second frame via a first rotating shaft, and the second end of the first frame is rotatably connected to the second end of the second frame via a third connecting plate and a fourth connecting plate, using an eighth rotating shaft, a ninth rotating shaft, and a tenth rotating shaft; the base is rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft connecting the first frame and the second frame Then, the moving component is rotationally connected to the ninth rotating shaft connecting the third connecting plate and the fourth connecting plate.
  • the first frame and the second frame both have two ends; the first end of the first frame is slidably connected to the first end of the second frame, and the second end of the first frame is slidably connected to the second end of the second frame; the base is connected to the first frame, the moving part is connected to the second frame, and the energy storage device is connected between the first frame and the second frame.
  • the connecting component includes three or more frames, two of which are respectively connected to different sub-wires, one of the two frames is connected to the base, and the other is connected to the moving component.
  • the corresponding multiple bases and multiple moving parts are respectively connected to multiple different frames.
  • control module is also included, and the control module is used to control the multiple electric drive components to operate at a set timing and/or frequency.
  • an energy acquisition module is further included, wherein the energy acquisition module includes one or more inductive power acquisition units installed on the conductor at the same potential, and the inductive power acquisition unit is used to collect magnetic field energy around the conductor and convert it into electrical energy, and then provide the electrical energy to the electric drive component;
  • the energy acquisition module includes a photovoltaic panel and an energy storage capacitor or an energy storage battery connected to the photovoltaic panel.
  • a plurality of the inductive power extraction units are connected in series and/or in parallel.
  • the wire clamp is a swivel wire clamp.
  • the inductive power extraction unit is arranged in a rotary clamp for connecting sub-conductors.
  • the electric drive assembly includes a speed change mechanism, and the speed change mechanism is transmission-connected between the motor and the clutch mechanism, or transmission-connected between the clutch mechanism and the moving part.
  • the speed change mechanism has a check structure.
  • the speed change mechanism is a mechanical speed change mechanism.
  • the mechanical speed change mechanism adopts a gear speed change mechanism, a worm speed change mechanism or a planetary gear speed change mechanism.
  • a communication module is also included for receiving a master station or manual command, or in different Communication between devices or relay communication.
  • an acceleration sensor is also included, and the acceleration sensor is used to detect the acceleration of the base or the moving part, and compare the detected acceleration with a set acceleration threshold to form status information.
  • the present disclosure also provides an overhead line split conductor anti-icing and de-icing sub-conductor spacer for fixing the split conductor installed on the overhead line, comprising a sub-conductor spacer body and at least one overhead line split conductor anti-icing and de-icing device as described above installed on the sub-conductor spacer body.
  • the present disclosure also provides an overhead line split conductor anti-icing and deicing system, which is used for fixedly installing the split conductor on the overhead line, and is characterized in that it includes multiple overhead line split conductor anti-icing and deicing devices as described above or multiple overhead line split conductor anti-icing and deicing sub-conductor spacers as described above, and multiple overhead line split conductor anti-icing and deicing devices or multiple overhead line split conductor anti-icing and deicing sub-conductor spacers are distributedly installed on the split conductor of the overhead line.
  • control system which is used to control multiple overhead line split conductor anti-icing and deicing devices or multiple overhead line split conductor anti-icing and deicing sub-conductor spacers to operate at a set timing and/or frequency.
  • FIG1 is an anti-icing and de-icing device between two sub-conductors based on a first clutch mechanism
  • FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first clutch mechanism
  • FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second clutch mechanism
  • FIG4 is a second example of an anti-icing and de-icing device between two sub-conductors based on the first clutch mechanism
  • FIG5 is an anti-icing and de-icing device between two sub-conductors based on the third clutch mechanism
  • FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a third clutch mechanism and its moving parts
  • Fig. 7 is a front view of the third clutch mechanism
  • FIG8 is a transmission schematic diagram of the third clutch mechanism
  • FIG9 is an anti-icing and de-icing device between two sub-conductors based on the fourth clutch mechanism
  • FIG10 is a diagram of a four-branch conductor spacer for anti-icing and de-icing based on a fourth clutch mechanism
  • FIG11 is a working principle diagram of the induction power extraction unit
  • FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the induction power supply unit
  • Figure 13 is a rotary clamp with a built-in induction power supply unit
  • FIG14 is a diagram of a four-branch conductor spacer that utilizes relative rotation of the frame for anti-icing and de-icing;
  • FIG15 is a diagram of a four-branch conductor spacer that utilizes relative twisting of the frame to prevent and remove ice;
  • FIG16 is a diagram of a four-branch conductor spacer that utilizes four rotating shafts to cooperate with a frame to rotate for anti-icing and de-icing;
  • FIG17 is a diagram of a four-branch conductor spacer for anti-icing and de-icing using relative telescopic frames
  • FIG18 is a three-branch conductor spacer bar for anti-icing and de-icing by relative rotation of the frame
  • FIG19 is a cross star four-branch conductor spacer with relative motion between frames for anti-icing and de-icing;
  • FIG20 is a diagram of a four-branch conductor spacer that utilizes multiple connecting plates and multiple rotating shafts to achieve anti-icing and de-icing;
  • FIG21 is an anti-icing and de-icing device between two sub-conductors realized by using a multi-connector plate
  • FIG. 22 is a working flow chart of a split-conductor anti-icing and de-icing device based on a clutch mechanism and an energy storage device.
  • first the terms “first”, “second”, etc. in the specification and claims of the present disclosure are It is used to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order of objects.
  • first camera and the second camera are used to distinguish different cameras rather than to describe a specific order of cameras.
  • the words “exemplary” or “for example” are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as “exemplary” or “for example” in the embodiments of the present disclosure should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as “exemplary” or “for example” is intended to present related concepts in a specific way. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "multiple” refers to two or more.
  • an overhead line split conductor anti-icing and deicing device based on a clutch mechanism and an energy storage device is used for fixed installation on the split conductor of the overhead transmission line, and includes a base 1, an electric drive assembly 2, a moving part 3, and an energy storage device 4.
  • the electric drive assembly 2 is arranged on the base 1, and the electric drive assembly 2 includes a motor 5 and a clutch mechanism.
  • the clutch mechanism includes an input end, an output end, an active component, and a driven component; the input end is connected to the active component, and the driven component is connected to the output end.
  • the active component and the driven component There are only two mutually exclusive and controllable working states between the active component and the driven component, namely, engagement and separation.
  • engagement and separation When the active component and the driven component are in an engaged state, the active component transmits a force, torque, or motion to the driven component; when the active component and the driven component are in a separated state, the active component is cut off from transmitting a force, torque, or motion to the driven component.
  • the active component and the driven component have a set separation state duration.
  • the motor 5 is connected to the input end, and the output end is connected to the moving part 3.
  • the moving part 3 is matched with the base 1 for movement, and the electric drive assembly 2 drives the moving part 3 to displace relative to the base 1 through the clutch mechanism.
  • the energy storage device 4 is arranged between the base 1 and the moving part 3, two parts that generate relative motion.
  • a connecting part is arranged on the base 1, and a connecting part is also arranged on the moving part 3.
  • the connecting part is used to connect the sub-conductors of the split conductors, and the connecting part can transfer the force generated by the relative motion between the base 1 and the moving part 3 to the split conductors.
  • the force output by the motor 5 drives the moving part 3 to displace relative to the base 1 through the clutch mechanism, so that the base 1 is arranged at the base 1.
  • the energy storage device 4 between the active component and the driven component accumulates potential energy.
  • the clutch mechanism cuts off the drive of the motor 5 to the moving component 3.
  • the moving component 3 that loses the drive moves rapidly relative to the base 1 under the action of the restoring force of the energy storage device 4, and the potential energy accumulated in the energy storage device 4 is rapidly released.
  • the released potential energy acts on the sub-conductor of the split conductor through the connecting component, causing it to move and accelerate, thereby shaking off the ice on the overhead line.
  • a stopper is provided on the base 1, and the stopper is arranged on the path of the movement of the moving part 3 relative to the base 1, and is used to form a stopper or limit on the movement of the moving part 3 when the energy storage device 4 releases potential energy.
  • the stopper or limit makes the movement of the moving part 3 relative to the base 1 suddenly stop, thereby causing the sub-conductor of the split conductor to generate acceleration.
  • the base 1 preferably has a cavity structure, and the clutch mechanism, the energy storage device 4 and the moving part 3 are arranged in the cavity to improve the reliability of the device in long-term outdoor harsh environment.
  • the action of the motor 5 can be conveniently controlled, that is, forward rotation, reverse rotation, stop, and adjustment of the motor speed.
  • the duration of the separation state of the active component and the driven component can also be set by the motor controller.
  • the frequency of the action of the overhead line split conductor anti-icing and deicing device can be set by using the duration of the separation state of the active component and the driven component. If there are multiple electric drive components 2, the control module can also be used to control multiple electric drive components 2 to act at a set timing and/or frequency to be suitable for different usage scenarios.
  • the energy storage device 4 is generally a spring, which can be one or more.
  • the spring is preferably one or more of an air spring, a column spring, a leaf spring, a disc spring or a torque spring.
  • the potential energy accumulated or released between the base 1 and the moving part 3 also includes the tension potential energy between the sub-conductors and/or the gravitational potential energy of the sub-conductors themselves. Accordingly, the energy storage device 4 can also be arranged between the base 1 and the connecting parts arranged on the moving part 3, or between different sub-conductors.
  • the electric drive assembly 2 includes a motor 5 and a clutch mechanism, wherein the clutch mechanism is a key component of the present invention.
  • the clutch mechanism in the present invention is a state-controllable force, torque or motion transmission mechanism.
  • the clutch mechanism includes an input end, an output end, an active component and a driven component. The input end is connected to the active component, and the driven component is connected to the output end.
  • the active component is connected to the There are only two mutually exclusive and controllable working states between the driven components: engagement and separation. When the active component and the driven component are in the engaged state, the active component and the driven component are mechanically connected to each other, which is used for the active component to transmit the force, torque or motion to the driven component.
  • a clutch mechanism may contain multiple active components and driven components, and the active components and the driven components can be one-to-many or many-to-one, the above-mentioned engagement or separation state refers specifically to a pair of active components and driven components.
  • the engagement or separation state of the active component and the driven component is the state of the clutch mechanism. Without causing confusion, the state of the clutch mechanism is equivalent to the state between a pair of active components and driven components.
  • controllable is relative to “random” or “occurring with a certain probability", that is, when the certain conditions are met, the state between the active component and the driven component is also determined.
  • the clutch mechanism is divided into a controlled clutch mechanism and a self-controlled clutch mechanism.
  • the controlled clutch mechanism manipulates the engagement element to make the clutch mechanism enter the engaged or disengaged state, wherein the engaged and disengaged states can generally be switched at any time as needed.
  • it can be divided into a mechanical clutch, an electromagnetic clutch, a hydraulic clutch, and a pneumatic clutch.
  • it can be divided into a normally open clutch and a normally engaged clutch.
  • a clutch with damping and a clutch without damping that is, an elastic clutch and a rigid clutch.
  • the clutch control unit is a control module that controls the engagement or disengagement of the clutch mechanism.
  • the engagement or disengagement of the active and driven components is completed by the clutch control unit and its related control mechanisms.
  • Controlled clutch mechanisms of different control mechanism types correspond to different clutch control units, such as the electromagnetic clutch.
  • the clutch control unit is a general term for the electromagnetic coil and its control circuit that control the engagement and disengagement of the clutch.
  • the clutch mechanical unit corresponds to the clutch control unit, that is, the mechanical component that transmits force, torque or motion in the clutch mechanism, including the active component, the driven component, the input end, the output end, etc. Obviously, the control flexibility of the clutch mechanism is very high and the scope of application is very wide, but the control cost is also very high.
  • the former has a fluid transmission connection between the active component and the driven component
  • the latter has a mechanical transmission connection between the active component and the driven component.
  • the second clutch mechanism 11 shown in FIG3 is a mechanism that realizes the clutch function by utilizing active control (position switch in coordination with clutch control unit).
  • the automatic clutch mechanism is a clutch mechanism in which the engagement element has the function of self-engagement or separation when certain performance parameters, state structure and motion state of the active component or the driven component change.
  • Common automatic clutches include overrunning clutches, centrifugal clutches, safety clutches, etc. These clutches realize the function of self-engagement or separation by utilizing the speed change or the change of the rotation direction of the active component or the driven component, or utilizing the centrifugal force of the centrifugal body, or limiting the transmitted torque or speed to not exceed the limit value.
  • the state control of the automatic clutch is determined by its own operating state or structural parameters, and the relative control device is also relatively simple.
  • the function of the above-mentioned clutch mechanism can be further simplified to improve the economy and reliability.
  • simplify the clutch mechanism control scheme For operating the clutch, a position switch can be set on the base 1 to obtain the position of the moving part 3.
  • the clutch control unit can obtain the position of the moving part 3 according to the input of the position switch.
  • the active component and the driven component are manipulated to enter the engaged or disengaged state.
  • the clutch mechanism adopts an automatic clutch mechanism; this type of clutch mechanism uses the motion state of the active component or the driven component and/or the change of its own structure to automatically enter the engaged or disengaged state; the active component is provided with a first engaging portion and a disengaging portion, and the driven component is provided with a second engaging portion.
  • the active component is an incomplete gear, and a tooth segment and a smooth segment are sequentially provided in the circumferential direction.
  • the first engaging portion is a tooth segment, and the disengaging portion is a smooth segment; the driven component is a rack, and the second engaging portion is a tooth segment on the rack.
  • the active component is an incomplete gear, with tooth segments and smooth segments arranged in sequence in the circumferential direction, the first engagement portion is the tooth segment, and the separation portion is the smooth segment; the driven component is a gear, and the second engagement portion is the tooth portion on the gear; or, the driven component is a gear set, and the second engagement portion is the tooth portion of the input gear of the gear set.
  • the rotation direction of the active component cam and the position of the protrusion are used to cooperate with the engagement portion of the swing rod of the driven component to enter the engagement or separation state.
  • the general clutch mechanism may have relative motion during the transmission process, and the relative motion may also have a cumulative effect. Therefore, when the active component and the driven component enter the engagement state, there needs to be an engagement buffer process, and a rigid connection between the two is generally not adopted. If, when the clutch mechanism enters the engagement state from the separation state, the speed difference between the active component and the driven component is small, and in the engagement state, the relative motion between the active component and the driven component is very small, in this case, the corresponding active component and the driven component can also be rigidly connected. When a rigid connection is used, the rigid connection has high energy transfer efficiency, good economy, few components and high reliability. Third, a periodic switching strategy is adopted for the switching control of the two states of engagement and disengagement.
  • the device performs energy storage and energy release operations repeatedly.
  • This state switching strategy also meets the working requirements of the device for anti-icing and de-icing, but the entire clutch mechanism and its control are simpler.
  • the setting or adjustment of the device action cycle can also be achieved by using the changes in the state and structural parameters of the automatic clutch mechanism.
  • the automatic clutch mechanism with simplified functions can be realized by using passive devices, and the corresponding mechanism can use an incomplete gear with a rack mechanism ( Figure 2), an incomplete gear with a gear mechanism ( Figures 6, 7, 8) or a cam.
  • the clutch mechanism of the present invention preferably adopts a self-controlled clutch scheme realized by passive devices, which reduces the number of equipment components used to realize the clutch mechanism, reduces the complexity of control, and improves the reliability and economy of system operation.
  • the clutch mechanism In actual use environment, when the clutch mechanism switches from the engaged state to the disengaged state, the clutch mechanism must be kept in the disengaged state for a sufficiently long time before it can enter the engaged state again. This is mainly because after the clutch mechanism switches from the engaged state to the disengaged state, the spring immediately releases the elastic potential energy accumulated in the engaged state quickly. If the spring is in the process of releasing the elastic potential energy, the clutch mechanism enters the engaged state. At this time, the clutch mechanism and the motor 5 connected thereto will be subjected to the impact force of the reverse movement of the moving part 3 during the release of the elastic potential energy, causing the clutch mechanism and the motor 5 to be overloaded and damaged.
  • the clutch mechanism also needs to be kept in the disengaged state for a certain length of time before it can enter the engaged state again to avoid overload damage to the clutch mechanism and the motor 5.
  • a clutch mechanism of a clutch control unit it is necessary to control the clutch to be kept in the disengaged state for a sufficiently long time, or the clutch mechanism needs to conveniently set the disengaged state duration. If an incomplete gear clutch mechanism is used, the smooth part of the incomplete gear needs to maintain a sufficient angle.
  • the duration of the separation state should be greater than 1 second. If the inherent minimum duration of the separation state of the clutch mechanism is T C , and the separation state duration set by the clutch mechanism is T 1 , then it should simultaneously satisfy: T 1 >T C and T 1 >1s. Obviously, the separation state duration can be set, which means that the separation state is a stable state that can be maintained, changed, and extended, rather than a transitional, instantaneous, and unmaintainable state.
  • the frequency of the action of the anti-icing and deicing device can be conveniently adjusted, and the types of anti-icing and deicing that are suitable for it can be increased, or different devices can be coordinated according to the set timing to improve the effect of anti-icing and deicing.
  • the frequency of the device action can also be adjusted by setting the duration of the engagement state, but the following three implementation methods of this idea all have difficulties to varying degrees. 1 If there is no check mechanism between the motor 5 and the active component transmission connection, in this case, the two remain stationary in the engagement state, which will cause the motor 5 to be blocked and other damage to the motor, reducing the device's reliability.
  • the clutch mechanism enters the engagement state, switches to the separation state, and then switches back to the engagement state at the initial moment.
  • the anti-icing and de-icing device of the present invention completes a process from slow energy accumulation to rapid energy release.
  • the moving part 3 completes a process of slowly moving from the initial position to the end position and then quickly returning to the initial position relative to the base 1.
  • the active part and the driven part can also have a set separation state duration.
  • the frequency of the action of the anti-icing and de-icing device can be set by using the separation state duration of the active part and the driven part.
  • the present invention by utilizing the engagement and separation states of the clutch mechanism in coordination with the energy storage and release states of the energy storage device 4, the energy density and power density of the device are significantly improved, and the anti-icing and de-icing effect is greatly improved.
  • a total of 4 implementation examples of the clutch mechanism are provided.
  • the clutch mechanism uses the first clutch mechanism 10 ( Figure 2).
  • the first clutch mechanism 10 is a self-controlled clutch mechanism.
  • the active component and the driven component are rigidly connected, and are implemented by an incomplete gear and a rack structure.
  • the input shaft of the first incomplete gear 101 is the input end of the clutch mechanism
  • the first rack 102 is the output end of the clutch mechanism.
  • the active component is the first incomplete gear 101
  • the driven component is the first rack 102.
  • the first engaging portion on the active component is the tooth segment of the first incomplete gear 101
  • the separation portion on the active component is the smooth segment of the first incomplete gear 101.
  • the second engaging portion on the driven component is the tooth portion on the first rack 102.
  • the moving part 3 is arranged on the first rack 102.
  • the first incomplete gear 101 is in driving connection with the output shaft of the motor 5.
  • the first clutch mechanism 10 is engaged; when the smooth segment of the first incomplete gear 101 cooperates with the first rack 102, the first clutch mechanism 10 is disengaged.
  • the duration of the separation state of the first clutch mechanism 10 is set by changing the angle of the smooth section of the first incomplete gear 101, or by changing the delay of the separation state using a motor controller that controls the motor 5, thereby setting or adjusting its action cycle.
  • the first clutch mechanism 10 also includes a first complete gear set, a first incomplete gear 101 is transmission-connected to the input end of the first complete gear set, and an output end of the first complete gear set is transmission-connected to the first rack 102.
  • the additional first complete gear set will replace the first rack 102, and the first incomplete gear 101 cooperates with the first incomplete gear 101 to realize the clutch function.
  • the corresponding driven components and the second engaging portion have also changed, but the method and mechanism of realizing the clutch mechanism have not changed.
  • By adding the first complete gear set not only the travel of the moving component 3 is increased, but also the integration and energy density of the device can be relatively improved.
  • FIG1 uses the moving part 3 to be driven by the motor 5 to slowly extend to accumulate potential energy and quickly retract to release potential energy.
  • FIG4 uses the moving part 3 to be driven by the motor 5 to slowly retract to accumulate potential energy and then quickly extend to release potential energy.
  • the clutch mechanism is the second clutch mechanism 11 ( Figure 3).
  • the second clutch mechanism 11 is an operating clutch mechanism, including a first operating clutch mechanism 15, a clutch control unit, a position switch, a first full gear 501 and a second rack 502.
  • the clutch control unit is used to control the first operating clutch mechanism 15 to enter an engaged or disengaged state, and the moving component 3 is arranged on the second rack 502.
  • the first operating clutch mechanism 15 is transmission-connected between the output shaft 51 of the motor 5 and the input shaft 5011 of the first full gear 501. By utilizing the cooperation of the first full gear 501 and the second rack 502, the rotational motion output by the second clutch mechanism 11 is converted into the linear motion of the second rack 502.
  • Two position switches corresponding to the starting position and the ending position of the stroke of the moving component 3 are arranged on the base 1 (the time controller cooperates with the motor speed to achieve the same effect as the position switch).
  • the two position switches are electrically connected to the clutch control unit, and the position signals output by the two position switches are used as the input of the clutch control unit to realize the control of the engagement and disengagement states of the second clutch mechanism 11; the disengagement state duration of the first operating clutch mechanism 15 is set by controlling the delay length of its disengagement state.
  • the clutch mechanism is the third clutch mechanism 12 ( Figures 6, 7, and 8).
  • the third clutch mechanism 12 is a self-controlled clutch mechanism.
  • the active component and the driven component are rigidly connected, and are realized by using an incomplete gear in conjunction with a complete gear mechanism.
  • the input shaft of the second incomplete gear 103 is the input end of the clutch mechanism, and one end of the winding portion 105 is the output end of the clutch mechanism.
  • the active component is the second incomplete gear 103
  • the driven component is the winding portion 105 with a complete gear at one end.
  • the first engaging portion on the active component is the tooth segment of the second incomplete gear 103
  • the separating portion on the active component is the smooth segment of the second incomplete gear 103.
  • the second engaging portion of the driven component is the tooth segment of the complete gear at one end of the winding portion 105.
  • the third clutch mechanism 12 includes a second incomplete gear 103 and a winding portion 105.
  • the second incomplete gear 103 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 5 in a transmission manner.
  • a complete gear is provided at one end of the winding portion 105 and cooperates with the second incomplete gear 103.
  • the winding portion 105 is driven by the second incomplete gear 103 to wind the flexible traction rope 8 to pull the moving part 3 to generate movement.
  • the second incomplete gear 103 has a tooth segment and a smooth segment. When the tooth segment of the second incomplete gear 103 cooperates with the winding portion 105, the third clutch mechanism 12 is engaged. When the smooth segment of the second incomplete gear 103 cooperates with the winding portion 105, the third clutch mechanism 12 is separated.
  • the duration of the separation state of the third clutch mechanism 12 is set by changing the angle of the smooth segment of the second incomplete gear 103, or by using the motor controller of the motor 5 to change the delay of the separation state.
  • the third clutch mechanism 12 also includes a second complete gear set 104, which is connected between the second incomplete gear 103 and the winding portion 105 in a transmission manner. By adding the second gear set 104, the stroke of the moving component 3 is increased, and the corresponding driven component and the second engaging portion are also changed, but the implementation method and mechanism of the clutch mechanism are not changed.
  • the clutch mechanism is the fourth clutch mechanism 13 ( Figures 9 and 10).
  • the fourth clutch mechanism 13 is an automatic clutch mechanism, which is realized by using a cam and a rocker mechanism.
  • the input shaft of the cam 106 is the input end of the clutch mechanism, and the end of the rocker 107 connected to the moving part 3 is the output end of the clutch mechanism.
  • the active component is the cam 106, and the driven component is the rocker 107.
  • the first joint part on the active component is the part of the cam 106 profile along the surface protruding part that contacts the rocker
  • the separation part on the active component is the other part of the cam 106 profile along the surface
  • the second joint part on the driven component is the part of the rocker 107 that contacts the protruding part of the cam 106.
  • the input shaft of the cam 106 is drivingly connected to the output shaft of the motor 5, the rocker 107 is rotationally matched with the base 1 through the rotating shaft, and the moving component 3 is arranged on the rocker 107.
  • the fourth clutch mechanism 13 When the cam 106 is driven by the motor 5 and its protruding part rotates to start contacting with the rocker 107, the fourth clutch mechanism 13 enters the engaged state, and the moving part 3 starts to rotate around the rotation axis under the action of the driving force, and the leaf spring 4 connected between the base 1 and the moving part 3 accumulates potential energy; when the cam 106 rotates to the point where its protruding part is out of contact with the rocker 107, the fourth clutch mechanism 13 is out of the engaged state and enters the separated state, and the moving part 3 quickly returns around the rotation axis under the action of the restoring force of the leaf spring.
  • the length of the separated state of the fourth clutch mechanism 13 is set by changing the delay of the separated state using the motor controller that controls the motor 5.
  • the clutch mechanism not only has the function of transmitting/cutting off the force, torque or motion, but also has the function of motion conversion.
  • the first clutch mechanism 10 by using the first incomplete gear 101 to cooperate with the first rack 102, in addition to realizing the function of the clutch mechanism, also converts the rotational motion of the active component into the linear motion required by the moving component 3.
  • the second clutch mechanism 11 by using the first complete gear 501 and the second rack 502 to cooperate, converts the rotational motion output by the first operating clutch mechanism 15 into the linear motion required by the moving component 3.
  • the third clutch mechanism 12 uses the second incomplete gear 103 to cooperate with the second complete gear set 104 to drive the winding part 105 to wind the flexible traction rope 8 to obtain the linear motion required by the moving component 3.
  • the electric drive assembly 2 also needs to cooperate with a corresponding position switch (or limit switch).
  • the position switch (or limit switch) is set at the starting position and the end position of the movement of the moving component 3, and the position switch is used to trigger the clutch control unit to operate the clutch mechanism to switch to the desired state, or trigger the motor to rotate in the desired direction.
  • a deicing work includes 6 sequentially executed work steps, namely: energy input, energy collection, energy storage, trigger mechanism release, and the actuator applies energy to the conductor to complete vibration deicing, among which energy storage is not a necessary work step.
  • the work of the device is more of an idea of deicing, which is an after-the-fact solution, and less consideration is given to anti-icing.
  • the device of the present application uses anti-icing and deicing working steps that are periodically repeated and cycled at a certain frequency.
  • Figure 22 shows the anti-icing and deicing working process of the present invention.
  • the energy acquisition module provides power supply to the entire device, and the device then decides whether to enter the anti-icing and deicing state based on the on-site meteorological conditions, the type and state of line icing, or manual instructions.
  • the motor 5 After power-on continues to output mechanical energy.
  • the clutch mechanism enters the engaged state, the motor 5 will drive the moving part 3 to slowly leave the initial point position relative to the base 1 through the clutch mechanism.
  • the energy storage device 4 begins to slowly accumulate the elastic potential energy of the spring as well as the tension potential energy and gravity potential energy.
  • the energy accumulated by the device reaches an extreme value.
  • the clutch mechanism enters the separation state, and the electric drive component 2 cuts off the driving force on the moving part 3.
  • the device instantly releases the accumulated potential energy to different sub-conductors through the relative movement of the moving part 3 and the base 1, causing at least one of the sub-conductors to move rapidly and generate acceleration.
  • the moving part Component 3 returns to the initial position again, completing a cycle of energy accumulation and release, and periodically repeating the above action process, so that the overhead line produces a vibration effect at a certain frequency according to different icing types, thereby realizing anti-icing and de-icing of the overhead transmission line.
  • the present invention optimizes, weighs and compromises various aspects such as the reliability of the device, the energy density and power density, the efficiency of energy use, and the effect of anti-icing and deicing.
  • the clutch mechanism and the energy storage device (4) By utilizing the clutch mechanism and the energy storage device (4), the energy density and power density of the device are improved when the energy supply is insufficient.
  • the state parameters such as the parameters of the motor, the reliability of the motor, the ratio of the speed change mechanism, the parameters of the incomplete gear, the parameters of the energy storage device, the moving distance of the moving parts, etc. can also be comprehensively optimized to improve the overall performance of the device.
  • the base 1 and the moving part 3 are both provided with connecting parts, which are respectively connected to different sub-conductors of the split conductor, and the connecting parts can transfer the force generated by the relative movement between the base 1 and the moving part 3 to the split conductor.
  • the energy storage device 4 is arranged between the two parts that generate relative displacement, the base 1 and the moving part 3, for accumulating or releasing potential energy.
  • the movement between the base 1 and the moving part 3 is relative. If the moving part 3 is taken as a reference and the electric drive assembly 2 is arranged on the moving part 3, the base 1 can be driven to move relative to the moving part 3.
  • the other part of the moving part 3 and its connecting parts can be used as the connecting parts of the base 1. That is to say, for two moving parts 3 that move relative to each other, one of them can be used as a reference, and it is considered to be relatively stationary, and it and the corresponding connecting part are regarded as the connecting parts of the base 1 and the sub-conductor.
  • the connecting component provides the following multiple implementation examples.
  • the base 1 and the moving part 3 are both provided with connecting parts, which are wire clamps or rotary wire clamps, and are respectively connected to different sub-conductors of the split conductor.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 there are two or more moving parts 3, and the base 1 is indirectly connected to the sub-conductor through one or a part of the moving parts 3, that is, one (or a
  • the moving part 3 of the part is used as a reference for other moving parts 3, and is regarded as a connecting part between the base 1 and the sub-conductor.
  • the connecting component includes a first frame and a second frame.
  • the first frame 701 and the second frame 702 are each provided with at least one wire clamp 703 for connecting sub-conductors.
  • the first frame 701 is connected to the base 1, and the moving component 3 is connected to the second frame 702.
  • the first frame 701 and the second frame 702 both have two ends; the first end of the first frame 701 is rotatably connected to the first end of the second frame 702 via a first rotating shaft 801, the second end of the first frame 701 is rotatably connected to the base 1 via a second rotating shaft 802, and the second end of the second frame 702 is rotatably connected via a third rotating shaft 803.
  • the first frame 701 and the second frame 702 both have two ends; the first end of the first frame 701 and the first end of the second frame 702 are rotatably connected by the first connecting plate 901 through the fourth rotating axis 804 and the fifth rotating axis 805; the second end of the first frame 701 and the second end of the second frame 702 are rotatably connected by the second connecting plate 902 through the sixth rotating axis 806 and the seventh rotating axis 807; the first end of the first frame 701 is rotatably connected to the base 1 through the fourth rotating axis 804, and the second end of the second frame 702 is rotatably connected to the moving component 3 through the seventh rotating axis 807.
  • the first frame 701 and the second frame 702 both have two ends; the first end of the first frame 701 is rotatably connected to the first end of the second frame 702 via the first rotating shaft 801, and the second end of the first frame 701 is rotatably connected to the second end of the second frame 702 via the third connecting plate 903 and the fourth connecting plate 904, through the eighth rotating shaft 808, the ninth rotating shaft 809, and the tenth rotating shaft 810; the base 1 is rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft 801 connecting the first frame 701 and the second frame 702, and the moving component 3 is rotatably connected to the ninth rotating shaft 809 connecting the third connecting plate 903 and the fourth connecting plate 904.
  • the first frame 701 and the second frame 702 both have two ends; the first end of the first frame 701 is slidably connected to the first end of the second frame 702, and the second end of the first frame 701 is slidably connected to the second end of the second frame 702; the base 1 is connected to the first frame 701, the moving part 3 is connected to the second frame 702, and the energy storage device 4 is connected between the first frame 701 and the second frame 702.
  • the three-split sub-conductor spacer rod frame is divided into three parts, namely: the third frame 704, the fourth frame 705, and the fifth frame 706.
  • the three frames are connected to the base 1 and the moving part 3 by four rotating shafts (the eleventh rotating shaft 811, the twelfth rotating shaft 812, the thirteenth rotating shaft 813, and the fourteenth rotating shaft 814).
  • the eleventh rotating shaft 811, the twelfth rotating shaft 812, the thirteenth rotating shaft 813, and the fourteenth rotating shaft 814 When the base 1 and the moving part 3 generate relative motion, the force is transmitted to the sub-conductor through the above three frames and four rotating shafts.
  • the sub-conductor spacer is divided into three frames (the sixth frame 707, the seventh frame 708, and the eighth frame 709), and the force generated between the base 1 and the moving part 3 is transmitted to the sub-conductor through four rotation axes (the fifteenth rotation axis 815, the sixteenth rotation axis 816, the seventeenth rotation axis 817, and the eighteenth rotation axis 818).
  • the first frame 701 and the second frame 702 are connected respectively through the fifth connecting plate 905 and the sixth connecting plate 906, the seventh connecting plate 907 and the eighth connecting plate 908, and six rotating shafts (the nineteenth rotating shaft 819, the twentieth rotating shaft 820, the twenty-first rotating shaft 821, the twenty-second rotating shaft 822, the twenty-third rotating shaft 823, and the twenty-fourth rotating shaft 824).
  • the base 1 is rotationally connected to the twentieth rotating shaft 820
  • the moving part 3 is rotationally connected to the rotating shaft 823.
  • the first frame 701 and the second frame 702 are connected with four rotating shafts (the 25th rotating shaft 825, the 26th rotating shaft 826, the 27th rotating shaft 827, and the 28th rotating shaft 828) through four connecting plates (the 9th connecting plate 909, the 10th connecting plate 910, the 11th connecting plate 911, and the 12th connecting plate 912).
  • the moving part 3 is connected to the rotating shaft 826, and the base 1 is connected to the rotating shaft 828.
  • the connecting component includes three or more frames, two of which are respectively connected to different sub-conductors, one of the two frames is connected to the base 1, and the other is connected to the base 1.
  • the number of corresponding electric drive components 2 can also be multiple, and the corresponding multiple bases 1 and multiple moving components 3 are respectively connected to multiple different frames. Accordingly, by adding a control module, multiple electric drive components 2 can be controlled to operate at a set timing and/or frequency.
  • connection components with different connection modes with the base 1 and the moving component 3 are all achieved by decomposing the corresponding sub-conductor spacer into two or more frames, and using the electric drive component 2 to drive/cut off the relative movement between the frames to accumulate or release potential energy, thereby transmitting the force to the sub-conductor for anti-icing and de-icing.
  • Making full use of the sub-conductor spacer in the existing tower-line system is conducive to improving the compatibility of the newly added anti-icing and de-icing device with the existing tower-line system.
  • the energy acquisition module is used to supply energy to the anti-icing and de-icing device and the motor 5.
  • the energy acquisition module can be wind energy, solar energy, magnetic field energy, etc.
  • the energy acquisition module includes one or more inductive power acquisition units 70 ( Figures 11 and 12) installed on the overhead power line conductor at the same potential.
  • the inductive power acquisition unit 70 includes a primary side coil (i.e., a sub-conductor) 73, an iron core 71 sleeved outside the sub-primary side coil 73, and a secondary coil 72 wound on the iron core 71.
  • a primary side current I 1 flows through the primary side coil 73, an induced current I 2 is generated on the secondary coil, and then an output voltage U o and an output current I o are generated through an AC/DC circuit or an AC/AC circuit.
  • the power supply is output to the electric drive component 2 or output to the electric drive component 2 through an energy storage battery or capacitor.
  • the inductive power acquisition unit 70 is used to convert the magnetic field energy around the conductor into electrical energy, and provide the electrical energy to the electric drive component 2 and other devices.
  • multiple inductive power acquisition units 70 can be connected in series and/or in parallel.
  • the wire clamp (703) connecting the sub-conductors is a rotary wire clamp (74), and the inductive power extraction unit (70) is arranged in the rotary wire clamp (74), thereby improving the integration of the device.
  • the electric drive assembly 2 in the device described in the present invention also includes a speed change mechanism, which is connected between the motor 5 and the clutch mechanism, or between the clutch mechanism and the moving part 3, and is responsible for the conversion and transmission of the force.
  • the speed change mechanism can also be integrated or fused with the motor 5, or can be fused with the clutch mechanism.
  • the speed change mechanism preferably has a check structure.
  • the speed change mechanism can also be selected from the speed change mechanism commonly used in the circuit breaker opening and closing operating mechanism, such as: a hydraulic operating mechanism based on a solenoid valve and a hydraulic pump, an air Air compressor and pneumatic motor or hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor, these mechanisms can also complete the conversion, transmission and accumulation of potential energy of the force very well.
  • active devices are required to cooperate with them to realize the clutch function, such as electromagnetic pressure relief valve, high-pressure gas electromagnetic valve, etc.
  • the mechanical speed change mechanism realized by passive devices is preferably a gear speed change mechanism, or a worm speed change mechanism, or a planetary gear speed change mechanism, which can improve the reliability and economy of the operation of the device, and the clutch mechanism used with it adopts passive control, which is simple and reliable in structure, and economical and practical in operation.
  • the anti-icing and de-icing device of the present invention further includes a communication module for receiving a master station or manual command, or for communicating or relaying communication between different devices.
  • a communication module for receiving a master station or manual command, or for communicating or relaying communication between different devices.
  • an acceleration sensor is further included, which is used to detect the acceleration of the base 1 or the moving part 3, and compare the detected acceleration with a set acceleration threshold to form status information.
  • the present invention also provides an overhead line split conductor anti-icing and de-icing sub-conductor spacer for use in the split conductor of the overhead line, the spacer comprising a sub-conductor spacer body and at least one overhead line split conductor anti-icing and de-icing device as described above installed on the sub-conductor spacer body.
  • a plurality of overhead line split conductor anti-icing and de-icing devices as described above or a plurality of overhead line split conductor anti-icing and de-icing sub-conductor spacers are distributedly installed at certain intervals in the ice-prone section of the overhead line split conductor, forming an overhead line split conductor anti-icing and de-icing system for use in the split conductor anti-icing and de-icing of the overhead line.
  • the anti-icing and deicing method is coordinated and controlled by a remote master station, or manual command, or autonomous control, and the intelligent control is timely operated in combination with the icing condition of the line and the operating environment, and the action strategy of the device and the anti-icing and deicing method of the line are reasonably selected, and the action is performed at the set timing and/or frequency, which will reduce the impact of unbalanced deicing on the overhead line.
  • the intelligent communication control system includes: a communication module, a motor controller, a clutch control unit, a control module, a control system, and an intelligent management unit.
  • the communication module communicates with the master station, manual operators, and other devices through a wireless network, and has the functions of routing, relaying, and forwarding information from other communication modules, and networking with the communication units of other devices to form a self-organizing network.
  • Different control modules communicate through communication
  • the communication units interact with each other to form a control system, which can control multiple overhead line split conductor anti-icing and deicing devices or multiple anti-icing and deicing sub-conductor spacers to operate at a set timing and/or frequency.
  • the communication module of the intelligent communication control system can also communicate with other inventions and anti-icing and deicing methods or devices of other principles, cooperate with each other, and jointly achieve better anti-icing and deicing effects.
  • the intelligent management unit has a self-checking function, which is responsible for collecting the status information of the environment and the device itself and reporting it to the main station or operator through the communication unit as needed. It is responsible for comprehensively judging whether to turn on or off the anti-icing and deicing function or select the required anti-icing and deicing strategy based on various types of information.
  • the typical self-checking function includes adding an acceleration sensor to the intelligent communication control system to detect the acceleration of the movement of the base 1 or the moving part 3, and comparing the detected acceleration with the set acceleration threshold, so as to judge whether the vibration anti-icing and deicing effect generated by the device itself meets the requirements.
  • Typical anti-icing and de-icing strategies include: for a tension section or a straight tower section, the device action sequence gradually transitions from both sides to the middle, or vice versa; for heavy ice areas, in addition to increasing the number of distributed installations of anti-icing and de-icing devices, the device action strength and frequency can also be increased.
  • the status information collected by the intelligent communication control system includes: operating environment information, meteorological conditions, ice coverage, acceleration, vibration, audio and video, geographic location, time, and conductor current status information.
  • the present disclosure provides an anti-icing and de-icing device for fixed installation on a split conductor of an overhead transmission line.
  • the device includes a base, an electric drive assembly, a moving part, and an energy storage device.
  • the electric drive assembly includes a motor and a clutch mechanism with a set separation state duration.
  • the electric drive assembly drives the moving part to displace relative to the base through the clutch mechanism, and the energy storage device is arranged between the base and the moving part to accumulate and release potential energy.
  • the clutch mechanism When the clutch mechanism is engaged, the force output by the motor drives the moving part to displace relative to the base through the clutch mechanism and accumulates potential energy for the energy storage device; when the clutch mechanism is disengaged, the clutch mechanism cuts off the driving force of the motor on the moving part, and the potential energy accumulated in the energy storage device is quickly released.
  • the released potential energy acts on the sub-conductor of the split conductor through the corresponding connecting component, causing it to accelerate and shake off the ice on the overhead transmission line, which has strong industrial practicality.

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Abstract

本发明涉及架空输电线路的防冰除冰技术领域,提供了一种用于固定安装在架空输电线路分裂导线上的防冰除冰装置。该装置包括基座、电驱动组件、运动部件和储能器件。其中,电驱动组件包括电机和具有设定的分离状态时长的离合机构,电驱动组件通过离合机构驱动运动部件相对于基座产生位移,储能器件设置在基座和运动部件之间蓄积和释放势能。在离合机构接合时,电机输出的作用力通过离合机构驱动运动部件相对于基座产生位移并对储能器件蓄积势能;在离合机构分离时,离合机构切断电机对运动部件的驱动力,蓄积在储能器件中的势能随之被快速释放,释放的势能通过相应地连接部件作用到分裂导线的子导线上,使之产生加速,振落架空输电线路上的覆冰。

Description

架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置、子导线间隔棒及系统
本公开要求于2022年10月31日提交中国专利局、申请号为202211352282.2、发明名称为“架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置、子导线间隔棒及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置、子导线间隔棒及系统。
背景技术
架空线路覆冰问题一直是国内外电力系统严重的自然灾害之一。线路重度覆冰会造成倒塔断线等影响电网安全运行的严重问题,覆冰脱落还会引起线路脱冰跳跃,造成导线灼伤、故障跳闸等。受气候条件和微地形、微气象以及电网大规模建设的影响,近年来覆冰灾害频繁发生,许多地区因雨雪覆冰引起输电线路的荷重增加,造成倒塔断线、故障跳闸等事件和巨大的经济损失。
一般来说,架空线路导线的覆冰现象是由于一些特定气象原因形成的,其中主要包括:温度、湿度、冷暖空气对流、环流和风速等因素。大气中的过冷水滴因没有结晶核而以液态形式存在极不稳定,当下落到导线上,导线将作为结晶核,同时伴随着热交换的作用,过冷水滴快速凝结并且粘附在导线上,形成覆冰。从形成机理来看,覆冰可以分为如下几种:①大气中的水汽在过饱和时附着在导线上,升华凝结后形成放射状的结晶为雾凇,在其形成的过程中,水滴在相互紧密结合前冻结,其内部包含了许多空隙或者气泡,雾凇密度较小,相对松散,与导线的附着力相对较弱。②大气中的过冷水滴在导线的迎 风面形成清澈光滑透明的覆冰为雨凇,在其形成过程中,水滴在相互紧密结合后冻结,形成的覆冰光滑而紧密,密度大,且与导线的附着力强。③过冷水滴在迎风面形成透明与不透明交替重叠或类似毛玻璃的冰层即混合淞,这类覆冰的密度较大,与导线的附着力相对较强。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
覆冰对架空线路的危害主要包括两个方面:一是覆冰厚度大幅超过设计标准,将会导致架空线路承载严重过载,造成倒塔断线;另一方面是在脱冰过程中,因线路脱冰跳跃造成线路强迫停运,或者因为导线不平衡脱冰造成的导线金具等设备损坏。覆冰的危害有目共睹,人们也努力寻找经济、环保、可操作性、实用性强的防治覆冰的方法。目前,架空线路除冰方法主要有:热力融冰、人工或机械除冰、疏水憎水涂层、爆破除冰以及自然被动除冰等方法。此外,电脉冲除冰、滑轮刮铲法、电磁力撞击除冰、机器人除冰和激光除冰等方法也得到了快速发展。这些方法虽各有特点,但目前尚缺乏一种既经济实用又安全有效的除冰方法,这一问题的研究也一直是架空输电线路领域备受关注的热点之一。
架空线路覆冰需要具备两方面的条件:一类属不可改变或难以改变的条件,如:温度、湿度以及风速等气象条件,显然一旦线路路径确定之后,气象条件几乎无法改变,除非重新选择线路路径,但这将需要付出高昂地代价。另一类则是满足了相应的气象条件后,还需要覆冰层厚度不断增长和累积,即多种因素共同作用下的一定时间跨度的发展过程。这类因素引起的覆冰一定程度可以被用来进行防冰除冰,主要包括2个方面:①大气中的过冷却水滴或者固液混合物附着在导线上必要的热交换过程,没有该过程大气中的过冷却水滴或者固液混合物就无法通过冻结在导线上形成累积效应;②导线上的覆冰层之间必须的附着力或粘附力。根据上述分析得出产生覆冰的条件,与之对应防冰除冰工作可以考虑2个方面:①破坏大气中的过冷却水滴或者 固液混合物附着在导线上所需的热交换过程。常见的方法有临界电流法、光热、电热涂层等热力防冰方法。②改变导线上的覆冰层之间必须附着力或粘附力。常见的方法有各类憎水、疏水涂层,各类热力融冰法,各类机械除冰法等。基于上述产生覆冰的条件②,研发一种直接在导线覆冰上施加作用力进而破坏覆冰是一种显而易见的常规思路,发明一种工作在导线(或架空地线)等电位场(或地电位场)的机械式除冰装置(或机器人除冰装置)是该思路的一种常规实践,这一方面的发明也一直是研究的一个热点和难点。机械式防冰除冰装置按照其工作时相对导线(或架空地线)的安装位置是否变化可分为移动式除冰装置与固定安装位置(固定式)除冰装置。移动式除冰装置,通过除冰装置在导线上往复移动的过程中对导线上的覆冰利用机械器件施加作用力破坏覆冰层,实现除冰功能。因为其工作方式简单直接显而易见,目前公开的机械式除冰发明大多数集中在移动式除冰装置。但是,该装置实现的困难也是显而易见的,主要包括2个方面:①能量供给困难,不论是采取就地取能方式,还是采取更换电池方式,都十分困难;②装置跨越架空线路固有障碍的困难以及由此其引起的可靠性问题。固定式除冰装置研究的相对较少,固定式除冰装置主要通过机械振动使得导线产生振动,以此抖落导线上的覆冰。但是,导线上一旦覆冰以后,特别是覆冰为雨凇或混合淞,因为其黏连的十分紧密,如果单纯通过振动导线来破坏覆冰,那么导线振动所需要的振幅(或作用于导线上的力)将会极难实现,加之其除冰的范围非常有限,如果沿架空线路采取分布式安装,所需装置的数量也将会十分巨大,造成经济成本高昂,因此有关采用机械式固定安装位置的防冰除冰装置相关文献数量十分有限。事实上,在覆冰不断累积形成的过程中,存在一个被已有文献忽略的细节,即:在覆冰形成的过程中,虽然过冷却水在导线(或架空地线)上凝结成的覆冰黏连紧密,但是滴落在导线(或架空地线)上的过冷却水在还没有从液体凝结成固体的过程中,较小的振动幅度就能实现较大范围的防冰除冰,用一个相对可以接受能耗水平和装置数量,就可以实现防冰除冰或减轻覆冰的严重程度。诸多固定安装位置除冰装置的发明,如:《一种架空线路除冰装置》 (CA2444216A1/CA2444216C/US7310948B2)等,都忽略了此细节。通过充分利用导线上覆冰层逐渐增长和累积必须的时间过程,干扰或者破坏覆冰积累的条件或过程,就能够实现防冰除冰或减轻覆冰的严重程度。通过上述对导线覆冰机理和过程的进一步分析可知,移动式除冰装置更多侧重于除冰,是一种事后措施,而固定式安装则可被用于防冰,则可以是一种事中和事前措施,这为采用固定安装位置的防冰除冰方法提供了一种可行的思路。
基于上述分析,在架空线路上分布式加装机械式固定安装位置的防冰除冰装置,与传统人工除冰原理类似,具有其可行性,而且相比人工除冰而言,还可以一定程度提高防冰除冰的自动化程度和工作效率。其难点主要聚焦在如何立足于客观条件极端苛刻的实际情况下,发明一种低能耗、高效能、高可靠性、高度智能化、且充分兼容现有塔线体系的防冰除冰装置。一般地,机械除冰装置不论是移动式,还是固定式,都必须具备一定的能量供给才能完成其防冰除冰功能,但是因为机械除冰装置与导线(或架空地线)本身都处于同一个等电位场(或地电位场),所以获取能量不但十分困难,且极其有限。发明一种满足现场实际的机械式固定安装位置的防冰除冰装置,必须立足于实际获取能量极其有限的客观约束,不仅需要深入分析覆冰形成的机理和过程,还要综合考虑影响防冰除冰效果的各种客观因素,只有如此才能充分发挥装置各种工况下的工作效能,综合各方面因素本发明的工作主要包括以下6个方面:①充分利用从过冷却水滴到凝结成覆冰的时间间隙,重点采取事前、事中措施,避免覆冰层紧密黏连冻结后再去除冰,提高能量利用效率;②提高能量使用的效率,利用较少的能量供给,尽可能提高每一次振动作用于导线的作用力,即:缓慢蓄积势能后,快速释放势能,提升装置一次释放的能量;③根据不同的覆冰类型合理控制防冰除冰装置动作的频率,以便节省能量的消耗;④减轻装置本身的质量,提高装置的能量密度和功率密度,尽可能减少装置对现有塔线体系的影响,充分兼容现有的塔线体系,避免虽然解决了老问题,但是也带来了新问题。⑤该装置长期在户外恶劣环境使用,而且安装拆除都极其困难,因此对其平均无故障工作时间要求 极为严苛,这就要求尽量使用高可靠性器件,同时尽量减少元器件的数量。⑥降低装置的成本,提升装置经济性。综上所述,机械式固定安装位置防冰除冰装置除了需要一个稳定可靠的能量供给来源之外,更需要解决的问题就是合理使用获得的有限能量,提升整个防冰除冰装置能量蓄积和能量释放的效率,提高装置的能量密度和功率密度。部分已有发明和文献对这方面的工作进行了有益的探索。
发明《用于从架空线上清除如积雪和冰之类的外来物质的装置和方法》(CN 1486525A)提出了一种机械式固定安装位置的防冰除冰装置。该发明通过选用一个可操作控制的电磁振动器,半固定地安装在架空线路上,通过电磁振动器的振动将导线上的覆冰抖落。其中,其选用的振动器为现有成熟产品,如美国WACKER公司Wacker 400w ER型。显然,该发明没有充分考虑取能面临的实际困难,而是直接采用现有的成熟产品,这直接导致该发明几乎无法满足实际需求,更多是提出了一种思路和理念。电磁振动器采用现有成熟产品主要问题有两个方面:①现有成熟产品中未考虑储能环节,所需能耗远大于实际能供给的能量;②现有的电磁振动器振动频率相对较高,过高的振动频率,除了造成能耗过大之外,还造成振动效应传导的衰减过快,除冰范围十分有限,特别是相与相之间,相与地之间,经过绝缘子或杆塔之后,这种高频振动将几乎完全衰减,无法达到需要的除冰效果。
发明《机械震动除冰装置》(CN 201417921Y)、《高架电缆空爆震动除冰装置》(CN 201549858U)、《一种架空地线机械震动式除冰装置》(CN 201247941Y)均是采取人工安装的机械式防冰除冰装置,其工作原理均是通过装置驱动导线振动实现除冰的目的。该发明的显著特点是能量供给充足,导线振动幅度很大,除冰效果良好。但是该发明也存在一些无法克服的缺点,如:①能量供给(或储能)使用了化学能,即:事先装填炸药,装置就位后遥控起爆炸药爆炸,显然,这种方法一般只能单次或较少几次使用,超过相应次数,需要重新装填炸药,导致效率低下;②除冰时装置都需要人工发射牵引绳,以便将装置挂接在需要除冰的导线上,同样导致工作效率低下。
发明《一种防止高压线结冰挂雪的方法及装置》(CN 101286628A) 提出了一种通过振动器振动使得导线产生振动的除冰装置,该发明除冰的原理也是通过振动抖落导线上的覆冰。因为其振动器需要通过满足绝缘距离的绝缘连杆将振动的作用力传导至架空线路上,所以该发明原理简单,但极其难于实现,特别是对于超特高压架空线路绝缘连杆可能几乎无法挂接到距离地面高达几十米高的架空线路上。在实际操作中,该装置可以看做是一种升级版的人工除冰。
发明《一种电力线重力冲击除冰装置及其应用》(CN102638021A)提出了一种以电路器件为主实现重力冲击的线路除冰装置。该发明采用电磁驱动器向上牵引或向下释放间接挂接在导线上的重物,以此对架空线路产生冲击力,从而抖落导线上面的覆冰。该发明首先利用电磁感应原理从流过电流的导线上获取电能,然后通过电容器储存获取的电能。当电容器完成充电后,通过控制电路开关的闭合和断开,驱动电磁驱动器向上提升重物后向下释放重物,实现将重物重力势能转换成对导线的冲击力,从而达到导线除冰的目的。该发明的优点十分突出。①使用了电容器储能,方便在能量供给不足时,通过将能量存储起来后快速释放,提高装置的功率密度和对线路的冲击力。②利用电路的开关等有源器件实现控制逻辑十分便捷,方便实现重物提升、释放等各种操作。但该发明的不足也比较明显。①电容器的能量密度相对较小,需要较大的体积和重量,影响整个装置的能量密度和经济性。②电容器等电路器件对使用环境要求相对较高,架空输电线路的户外运行环境,容易造成电容器过早老化,丧失功能。③一旦电流增大后,电路开关的成本急剧增加,装置重量显著增加,同时经济性、可靠性变差。④该发明通过电路实现作用力的传递与切断,而本发明采取了机械机构,即离合机构,可靠性相对较高,更为实用。⑤该发明利用额外物体的重力突变产生振动效应,而本发明则采用储能器件释放能量使得两根子导线之间产生相对运动和加速度进行防冰除冰,提升了装置的能量密度和功率密度。
发明《四分裂导线智能除冰装置》/《六分裂输电线智能除冰装置》(CN 101414739B/CN 102983537B),利用记忆合金随温度变化引起长度变化的特性,驱动凸轮转动,进而使得分裂导线之间的间距发生突 变,达到除冰的效果。但是,发明CN 101414739B未说明在记忆合金与弹簧的弹力保持平衡的情况下,棘爪和齿条如何实现脱扣,这将直接影响该装置快速返回初始状态。另一方面,记忆合金的固有特性受到环境温度的限制,在温度没有达到阈值时,装置则无法返回初始状态。一般情况下,一次因天气变化引起的架空线路覆冰过程,该装置只能动作一次,较低的动作频率将导致使用范围受到很大限制。此外,发明CN102983537B,并未没有说明整个装置如何返回初始状态,这将意味着该装置安装后仅仅可以动作一次,这也极大限制了该装置的使用。
发明《一种架空线路除冰装置》(CA2444216A1/CA2444216C/US7310948B2)公开了一种固定安装在架空线路上的除冰装置。该装置通过在垂直架空线路导线轴线方向上,施加一个垂直于导线的作用力,使导线产生横向位移后突然释放,进而引起架空线路导线横向的振动,从而实现去除架空线路导线上覆冰的目的。该装置包括:能量收集模块、能量存储模块、触发机构、能量释放模块。其中,能量收集模块用来收集能量,并将收集到的能量转换成为方便使用的机械能或者电能。能量存储模块用来存储能量收集模块收集和转换的机械能或电能等能量。触发模块根据气象条件和线路条件触发装置动作。能量传送模块将能量收集模块获取的能量,或者能量存储模块存储的能量转换成机械能或动能后,再传送至架空线路,使之振动,实现架空线路的防冰除冰。虽然,本发明与该发明的出发点基本一致,但是不论从权利要求,还是具体实现方式,本发明的装置能量密度和功率密度更高,工作状态更加可控,防冰除冰效率更高,能满足更多实际应用场景。①该发明所解决的问题仍然是除冰,属于一种事后措施,基本无防冰功能,对于覆冰为雨凇或混合淞很难适用。即使覆冰为雾凇,如果装置动作周期无法设置或者设置不合理,对应的覆冰厚度也就可能较厚,极易在除冰过程中,引起了线路脱冰跳跃,造成强迫停运。相应地,与该发明配套的装置工作流程同样存在不合理,触发动作条件依靠气象条件、环境温湿度或者线路条件,实现重复触发困难,可控程度较低,装置动作频率难以控制。②该发明中没有充分考虑如何实现作用 力的传递/切断、能量蓄积/释放及其这些状态之间的互相切换,相应的状态转换依靠气象条件、导线状态、记忆合金的自然冷却、以及装置动作后的振动效应实现,可控程度很低,部分情况下失去功能,影响整体除冰效率、效果。③该发明权利要求保护的装置,更多是从功能上和概念上的阐述,内容过于宽泛,公开不充分,实现不具体,难以真正应用于实际中的架空线路防冰除冰,后续还需要大量的工作,将其概念和功能具体落实到器件一级,这一点从目前架空线路防冰除冰的现状也一定程度得到印证。④该发明虽然列举出诸多实例应用,但其设计各自均存在明显缺陷,部分实例在一些情况下无法工作,各个实例均在工程实际中实现困难。⑤大多数实例没有采用储能器件,没有合理设计储能器件的连接和使用,虽然一定程度降低了能量供给的要求,但是大幅降低装置能量密度,导致防冰除冰效果极其有限。另外一些实例,虽然采用了储能器件,但是系统结构设计冗杂,储能器件连接和使用未充分公开,离合机构返回接合状态,容易卡涩,未充分考虑实际应用场景,实用性受到限制。⑥该发明的装置可靠性低,未考虑蓄积的能量释放后,主动部件与从动部件以及电机之间的机械冲击,装置容易损坏。
为了解决上述技术问题或者至少部分地解决上述技术问题,本发明公开了一种用于固定安装在架空输电线路分裂导线上的防冰除冰装置。本发明采用机械接触离合机构切换储能器件蓄积势能与释放势能的两种状态为思路,设计了一种固定安装在架空输电线路分裂导线上的防冰除冰装置。利用离合机构,高效可控传递或切断作用力、扭矩或运动的输出;通过合理设置离合机构分离状态的时长,提高了装置可控性、可靠性和适用范围;通过在基座和运动部件之间增设储能器件,提高了装置单位质量能量密度。利用离合机构的接合状态,对设置在基座和运动部件之间的储能器件蓄积势能。利用离合机构的分离状态,将蓄积在储能器件中的势能释放到分裂导线的子导线上,振落架空输电线路上的覆冰。通过重复、循环以上接合和分离两种状态,达到了架空输电线路防冰除冰的目的。
(二)技术方案
本公开提供的一种架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,用于固定安装在架空输电线路的分裂导线上,包括基座、电驱动组件、运动部件和储能器件;
所述电驱动组件设置在所述基座上,所述电驱动组件包括电机和离合机构;
所述离合机构包括输入端、输出端、主动部件和从动部件;所述输入端与所述主动部件连接,所述从动部件与所述输出端连接;所述主动部件与所述从动部件之间有且仅有接合、分离两种互斥、可控的工作状态;
当所述主动部件与所述从动部件处于接合状态时,所述主动部件向所述从动部件传递作用力、扭矩或运动;当所述主动部件与所述从动部件处于分离状态时,切断所述主动部件向所述从动部件传递作用力、扭矩或运动;
所述主动部件与所述从动部件具有设定的分离状态时长;
所述电机的输出与所述输入端连接,所述输出端与所述运动部件连接;
所述运动部件与所述基座移动配合,所述电驱动组件通过所述离合机构驱动所述运动部件相对于所述基座产生位移;
所述储能器件设置在所述基座和所述运动部件之间,所述基座和所述运动部件分别通过连接部件与分裂导线的不同子导线连接;
在所述主动部件与所述从动部件处于接合状态时,所述电机通过所述离合机构驱动所述运动部件相对于所述基座产生位移,以此使得设置在所述基座和所述运动部件之间的所述储能器件蓄积势能;
在所述主动部件与所述从动部件处于分离状态时,所述离合机构切断所述电机对所述运动部件的驱动,失去驱动的所述运动部件,在所述储能器件恢复力的作用下,相对于所述基座运动,蓄积在所述储能器件中的势能随之被释放,释放的势能通过所述连接部件作用到分裂导线的子导线上,使之运动并产生加速,进而抖落架空线路上的覆冰。
可选的,所述基座上设有止挡部,所述止挡部设置在所述运动部 件相对与所述基座运动的路径上,用于在所述储能器件释放势能时对所述运动部件的运动形成止挡或限位,止挡或限位使得所述运动部件相对于所述基座的运动突然停止,进而使得分裂导线的子导线产生加速度。
可选的,所述基座具有腔体,所述离合机构、所述储能器件和运动部件设置在所述腔体内。
可选的,还包括电机控制器,所述电机控制器与所述电机电连接,用于控制所述电机动作,所述动作包括转动、停止及调速。
可选的,所述主动部件与所述从动部件的分离状态时长通过所述电机控制器设置。
可选的,所述储能器件为多个。
可选的,所述储能器件选用弹簧。
可选的,所述弹簧为空气弹簧、柱弹簧、板簧、碟簧或扭矩弹簧。
可选的,所述基座与所述运动部件之间蓄积或释放的势能还包括不同子导线之间的张力势能和/或子导线本身的重力势能。
可选的,所述储能器件设置在所述基座和所述运动部件上设置的所述连接部件之间,或设置在不同子导线之间。
可选的,所述离合机构采用操纵离合机构,还包括离合控制单元和位置开关,所述离合控制单元用于控制所述主动部件与所述从动部件接合和分离,所述位置开关设置在所述基座上,用于获取所述运动部件的位置,所述离合控制单元根据位置开关的输出操纵所述主动部件与所述从动部件进入接合或分离状态。
可选的,所述离合机构采用自控离合机构;
所述自控离合机构利用所述主动部件或所述从动部件的运动状态和/或本身结构的变化,自行进入接合或分离状态;
所述主动部件上设有第一接合部和分离部,所述从动部件上设有第二接合部,当所述第一接合部与所述第二接合部配合时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件进入接合状态,当所述分离部与所述第二接合部配合时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件进入分离状态。
可选的,所述主动部件为不完全齿轮,周向依次设有齿牙段和光 滑段,所述第一接合部为齿牙段,所述分离部为光滑段;所述从动部件为齿条,所述第二接合部为所述齿条上的齿牙段。
可选的,所述主动部件为不完全齿轮,周向依次设有齿牙段和光滑段,所述第一接合部为齿牙段,所述分离部为光滑段;
所述从动部件为齿轮,所述第二接合部为所述齿轮上的齿牙部;或者,所述从动部件为齿轮组,所述第二接合部为所述齿轮组输入齿轮的齿牙部。
可选的,所述主动部件与所述从动部件分离状态时长通过所述不完全齿轮光滑段的弧度大小进行设置。
可选的,所述离合机构为第一离合机构包括第一不完全齿轮和第一齿条;所述主动部件为第一不完全齿轮,所述从动部件为第一齿条;所述主动部件上的第一接合部为第一不完全齿轮的齿牙段,所述主动部件上分离部为第一不完全齿轮的光滑段;所述从动部件上的第二接合部为所述第一齿条上的齿牙部;所述第一不完全齿轮的输入轴为所述输入端,所述第一齿条为所述输出端;
所述运动部件设置在所述第一齿条上;所述第一不完全齿轮输入轴与所述电机的输出轴传动连接,所述第一不完全齿轮具有齿牙段和光滑段,当所述第一不完全齿轮的齿牙段与所述第一齿条配合时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件接合,当所述第一不完全齿轮的光滑段与所述第一齿条配合时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件分离;
所述第一离合机构的所述主动部件与所述从动部件的分离状态时长通过第一不完全齿轮光滑段的弧度大小进行设置。
可选的,所述第一离合机构还包括第一完全齿轮组,所述第一不完全齿轮与所述第一完全齿轮组的输入齿轮传动连接,所述第一完全齿轮组的输出齿轮与所述第一齿条传动连接。
可选的,所述离合机构为第二离合机构,所述第二离合机构包括第一操纵离合机构,以及第一完全齿轮和第二齿条;
所述电机的输出轴与所述第一操纵离合机构的所述输入端传动连接,所述第二离合机构所述输出端设置在所述第二齿条上;利用所述第一完全齿轮与所述第二齿条的配合,将所述第一操纵离合机构输出 的旋转运动转换成所述第二齿条的直线运动;所述运动部件设置在所述第二齿条上;
所述主动部件与所述从动部件的分离状态时长通过所述第一操纵离合机构的所述离合控制单元设置。
可选的,所述离合机构为第三离合机构包括第二不完全齿轮和卷绕部;所述主动部件为第二不完全齿轮,所述从动部件为一端设有完全齿轮的卷绕部;所述主动部件上的第一接合部为第二不完全齿轮的齿牙段,所述主动部件上分离部为第二不完全齿轮的光滑段;所述从动部件的第二接合部为所述卷绕部一端完全齿轮的齿牙部;所述第二不完全齿轮的输入轴为所述输入端,所述卷绕部卷绕的一端为所述输出端;
所述电机的输出与所述第二不完全齿轮的输入轴传动连接,所述卷绕部一端设有完全齿轮并与第二不完全齿轮配合,通过所述第二不完全齿轮驱动卷绕部卷绕柔性牵引绳牵引运动部件产生运动;所述第二不完全齿轮具有齿牙段和光滑段,当所述第二不完全齿轮的齿牙段与所述卷绕部配合时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件接合,当所述第二不完全齿轮的光滑段与所述卷绕部配合时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件分离;
所述主动部件与所述从动部件分离状态时长通过第二不完全齿轮光滑段的弧度进行设置。
可选的,所述第三离合机构包括第二完全齿轮组,所述第二完全齿轮组传动连接在第二不完全齿轮和卷绕部之间。
可选的,所述离合机构为第四离合机构包括凸轮以及与所述凸轮配合的摆杆;所述主动部件为凸轮,所述从动部件为摆杆;根据所述凸轮的旋转方向不同,所述主动部件上的第一接合部为所述凸轮轮廓沿面凸出部位与摆杆接触一侧,所述主动部件上分离部为所述凸轮轮廓沿面其他部分;所述从动部件上的第二接合部为所述摆杆与所述凸轮凸起部位接触的沿面部分;所述凸轮的输入轴为所述输入端,所述摆杆连接运动部件的一端为所述输出端;
所述凸轮的输入轴与所述电机的输出轴传动连接,所述摆杆通过 转动轴与所述基座转动配合,所述运动部件设置在所述摆杆上;当所述凸轮在所述电机的驱动下,其凸出部位旋转至与所述摆杆开始接触时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件进入所述接合状态,所述运动部件在驱动力作用下围绕转动轴开始转动,连接在所述基座和所述运动部件之间的所述储能器件板簧蓄积势能;当所述凸轮旋转到其凸出部位与所述摆杆脱离接触时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件进入分离状态,所述运动部件在所述储能器件板簧恢复力的作用下围绕转动轴返回。
可选的,所述摆杆为多个,多个所述摆杆按照设定的间隔设置在所述基座上。
可选的,利用所述主动部件与所述从动部件分离状态的时长,设置所述架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置动作的频率。
可选的,所述连接部件包括第一架体和第二架体,所述第一架体和第二架体上各至少设有一个用于连接子导线的线夹,所述第一架体与所述基座连接,所述运动部件与所述第二架体连接。
可选的,所述第一架体和第二架体均有两个端部;所述第一架体的第一端部与所述第二架体的第一端部通过第一转动轴转动连接,所述第一架体的第二端部与所述基座通过第二转动轴转动连接,所述运动部件和所述第二架体的第二端部通过第三转动轴转动连接。
可选的,所述第一架体和第二架体均有两个端部;所述第一架体的第一端部与所述第二架体的第一端部通过第一连板,利用第四转动轴和第五转动轴转动连接;所述第一架体的第二端部与所述第二架体的第二端部通过第二连板,利用第六转动轴和第七转动轴转动连接;所述第一架体的第一端部与所述基座通过所述第四转动轴转动连接,所述第二架体的第二端部与所述运动部件通过所述第七转动轴转动连接。
可选的,所述第一架体和第二架体均有两个端部;所述第一架体的第一端部与所述第二架体的第一端部通过第一转动轴转动连接,所述第一架体的第二端部与所述第二架体的第二端部通过第三连板和第四连板,利用第八转动轴、第九转动轴、第十转动轴转动连接;所述基座与连接所述第一架体和所述第二架体的所述第一转动轴转动连 接,所述运动部件与连接第三连板和第四连板的所述第九转动轴转动连接。
可选的,所述第一架体和第二架体均有两个端部;所述第一架体的第一端部与所述第二架体的第一端部滑动连接,所述第一架体的第二端部与所述第二架体的第二端部滑动连接;所述基座与所述第一架体连接,所述运动部件与所述第二架体连接,所述储能器件连接在所述第一架体和所述第二架体之间。
可选的,所述连接部件包括三个及以上架体,其中的两个架体分别与不同的子导线连接,所述两个架体其中之一与所述基座连接,另一个与所述运动部件连接。
可选的,所述电驱动组件的数量为多个,与其对应的多个所述基座和多个所述运动部件分别连接多个不同所述架体。
可选的,还包括控制模块,所述控制模块用于控制多个所述电驱动组件以设定的时序和/或频率动作。
可选的,还包括能量获取模块,所述能量获取模块包括等电位安装在导线上的一个或多个感应取电单元,所述感应取电单元用于收集导线周围的磁场能并转换成电能,再将电能提供给所述电驱动组件;
或者,所述能量获取模块包括光伏电池板以及与所述光伏电池板连接的储能电容或储能电池。
可选的,多个所述感应取电单元串联和/或并联连接。
可选的,所述线夹采用回转线夹。
可选的,所述感应取电单元设置在用于连接子导线的回转线夹中。
可选的,所述电驱动组件包括变速机构,所述变速机构传动连接在所述电机与所述离合机构之间,或传动连接在所述离合机构与所述运动部件之间。
可选的,所述变速机构具有逆止结构。
可选的,所述变速机构为机械变速机构。
可选的,所述机械变速机构采用齿轮变速机构、蜗杆变速机构或行星齿轮变速机构。
可选的,还包括通信模块,用于接收主站或人工命令,或在不同 装置之间通信或中继通信。
可选的,还包括加速度传感器,所述加速度传感器用于检测所述基座或运动部件的加速度,并将检测到的加速度与设定加速度阈值进行比较以形成状态信息。
本公开还提供了一种架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰子导线间隔棒,用于固定安装在架空线路的分裂导线,包括子导线间隔棒本体和安装在所述子导线间隔棒本体上的至少一个如上所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置。
本公开还提供了一种架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰系统,用于固定安装在架空线路的分裂导线,其特征在于,包括多个如上所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置或多个如上所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰子导线间隔棒,多个所述架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置或多个所述架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰子导线间隔棒分布安装在架空线路分裂导线上。
可选的,还包括控制系统,所述控制系统用于控制多个所述架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置或多个所述架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰子导线间隔棒以设定的时序和/或频率动作。
为使本公开的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举可选实施例,并配合所附附图,作详细说明如下。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,对于本领域普通技术人员而言,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为基于第一离合机构的两根子导线之间防冰除冰装置;
图2为第一离合机构结构示意图;
图3为第二离合机构结构示意图;
图4为基于第一离合机构的两根子导线之间防冰除冰装置的第二实例;
图5为基于第三离合机构的两根子导线之间防冰除冰装置;
图6为第三离合机构及其运动部件示意图;
图7为第三离合机构主视图;
图8为第三离合机构传动示意图;
图9为基于第四离合机构的两根子导线之间防冰除冰装置;
图10为基于第四离合机构的防冰除冰四分裂子导线间隔棒;
图11为感应取电单元工作原理图;
图12为感应取电单元电路原理图;
图13为内置感应取电单元的回转线夹;
图14为利用架体相对转动防冰除冰的四分裂子导线间隔棒;
图15为利用架体相对扭动防冰除冰的四分裂子导线间隔棒;
图16为利用四转动轴配合架体转动防冰除冰的四分裂子导线间隔棒;
图17为利用架体相对伸缩防冰除冰的四分裂子导线间隔棒;
图18为利用架体相对转动防冰除冰的三分裂子导线间隔棒;
图19为具有架体之间相对运动防冰除冰的十字星四分裂子导线间隔棒;
图20为利用多连板配合多转动轴实现防冰除冰的四分裂子导线间隔棒;
图21为利用多连板实现的两根子导线之间防冰除冰装置;
图22为基于离合机构和储能器件的分裂导线防冰除冰装置工作流程图。
附图标记:
1、基座;2、电驱动组件;3、运动部件;4、储能器件;5、电机;8、柔性牵引绳;10、第一离合机构;11、第二离合机构;12、第三离合机构;13、第四离合机构;15、第一操纵离合机构;101、第一不完全齿轮;1011、第一不完全齿轮101输入轴;102、第一齿条;103、第二不完全齿轮;104、第二完全齿轮组;105、卷绕轴;106、凸轮; 107、摆杆;51、电机5输出轴;501、第一完全齿轮;5011、第一完全齿轮501输入轴;502、第二齿条;701、第一架体(与基座1连接);702、第二架体(与运动部件3连接);703、线夹(与子导线连接);704、第三架体;705、第四架体;706、第五架体;707、第六架体;708、第七架体;709、第八架体;70、感应取电单元;71、感应取电单元的铁芯;72感应取电单元的二次线圈;73、感应取电单元的一次线圈(即子导线);74、内置感应取电单元的回转线夹;801、第一转动轴;802、第二转动轴;803、第三转动轴;804、第四转动轴;805、第五转动轴;806、第六转动轴;807、第七转动轴;808、第八转动轴;809、第九转动轴;810、第十转动轴;811、第十一转动轴;812、第十二转动轴;813、第十三转动轴;814、第十四转动轴;815、第十五转动轴;816、第十六转动轴;817、第十七转动轴;818、第十八转动轴;819、第十九转动轴;820、第二十转动轴;821、第二十一转动轴;822、第二十二转动轴;823、第二十三转动轴;824、第二十四转动轴;825、第二十五转动轴;826、第二十六转动轴;827、第二十七转动轴;828、第二十八转动轴;901、第一连板;902、第二连板;903、第三连板;904、第四连板;905、第五连板;906、第六连板;907、第七连板;908、第八连板;909、第九连板;910、第十连板;911、第十一连板;912、第十二连板。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本公开的上述目的、特征和优点,下面将对本公开的方案进行进一步描述。需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本公开的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本公开,但本公开还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的方式来实施;显然,说明书中的实施例只是本公开的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
本公开的说明书和权利要求书中的术语“第一”和“第二”等是 用来区别不同的对象,而不是用来描述对象的特定顺序。例如,第一摄像头和第二摄像头是为了区别不同的摄像头,而不是为了描述摄像头的特定顺序。
在本公开实施例中,“示例性的”或者“例如”等词来表示作例子、例证或说明。本公开实施例中被描述为“示例性的”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其它实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言,使用“示例性的”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念,此外,在本公开实施例的描述中,除非另有说明,“多个”的含义是指两个或两个以上。
如图1、4、5、9、10、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21所示,本发明实施例提供的一种基于离合机构和储能器件的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,用于固定安装在架空输电线路的分裂导线上,包括基座1、电驱动组件2、运动部件3和储能器件4。电驱动组件2设置在基座1上,电驱动组件2包括电机5和离合机构。离合机构包括输入端、输出端、主动部件和从动部件;输入端与主动部件连接,从动部件与输出端连接。主动部件与从动部件之间有且仅有接合、分离两种互斥、可控的工作状态。当主动部件与从动部件处于接合状态时,主动部件向从动部件传递作用力、扭矩或运动;当主动部件与从动部件处于分离状态时,切断主动部件向从动部件传递作用力、扭矩或运动。主动部件与从动部件具有设定的分离状态时长。
电机5与输入端连接,输出端与运动部件3连接。运动部件3与基座1移动配合,电驱动组件2通过离合机构驱动运动部件3相对于基座1产生位移。储能器件4设置在基座1和运动部件3两个产生相对运动的部件之间。基座1上设置有连接部件,运动部件3上也设置有连接部件,连接部件用于连接分裂导线的子导线,连接部件可将基座1与运动部件3之间因相对运动产生的作用力传递至分裂导线。在主动部件与从动部件处于接合状态时,电机5输出的作用力通过离合机构驱动运动部件3相对于基座1产生位移,以此使得设置在基座1 和运动部件3之间的储能器件4蓄积势能。在主动部件与从动部件处于分离状态时,离合机构切断电机5对运动部件3的驱动,失去驱动的运动部件3,在储能器件4恢复力的作用下,相对于基座1快速运动,蓄积在储能器件4中的势能随之被快速释放,释放的势能通过连接部件作用到分裂导线的子导线上,使之运动并产生加速,进而抖落架空线路上的覆冰。
在一些实例中,基座1上设有止挡部,止挡部设置在运动部件3相对与基座1运动的路径上,用于在储能器件4释放势能时对运动部件3的运动形成止挡或限位,止挡或限位使得运动部件3相对于基座1的运动突然停止,进而使得分裂导线的子导线产生加速度。基座1优选具有腔体结构,离合机构、储能器件4和运动部件3设置在腔体内,提升装置长期户外恶劣环境工作的可靠性。在一些实例中,通过增加与电机5电连接的电机控制器,可以方便地控制电机5动作,即:正转、反转、停止,以及对电机转速的调节。进一步,还可以通过所述电机控制器设置主动部件与从动部件分离状态的时长。在一些实例中,利用主动部件与从动部件分离状态的时长,可以设置所述架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置动作的频率。如果电驱动组件2的数量为多个,还可利用控制模块控制多个电驱动组件2以设定的时序和/或频率动作,以适用于不同的使用场景。储能器件4一般选用弹簧,可为一个或多个,弹簧优选空气弹簧、柱弹簧、板簧、碟簧或扭矩弹簧的一种或多种。除了储能器件4的弹性势能,基座1与运动部件3之间蓄积或释放的势能还包含子导线之间的张力势能和/或子导线本身的重力势能。相应地,储能器件4还可以设置在基座1和运功部件3上设置的连接部件之间,或设置在不同子导线之间。
电驱动组件2包括电机5和离合机构,其中,离合机构是本发明的一个关键部件。本发明中离合机构是一种状态可控的作用力、扭矩或运动的传递机构。离合机构包括输入端、输出端、主动部件和从动部件。输入端与主动部件连接,从动部件与输出端连接。主动部件与 从动部件之间有且仅有接合、分离两种互斥、可控的工作状态。当主动部件与从动部件处于接合状态时,主动部件与从动部件机械传动连接,用于主动部件向从动部件传递作用力、扭矩或运动。当主动部件与从动部件处于分离状态时,切断主动部件与从动部件机械传动连接,即:切断主动部件向从动部件传递作用力、扭矩或运动。需要说明的是:①因为一个离合机构可能包含多个主动部件和从动部件,而且主动部件和从动部件可以一对多,也可以是多对一,所以上述的接合或分离状态是特指某一对主动部件和从动部件而言的。但当一个离合机构只有一对主动部件和从动部件时,那么主动部件与从动部件的接合或分离状态,也就是离合机构的状态。在不引起混淆的情况下,离合机构的状态等同于某一对主动部件与从动部件之间的状态。②上述的“可控”是相对“随机”或“以一定概率发生”而言的,即:当确定的条件满足后,主动部件与从动部件之间的状态也是确定的。③正常工作状态下,主动部件与从动部件接合时,作用力、扭矩或运动的传递方向是单向的,但当从动部件的阻力大于主动部件的驱动力时,传递的方向将会出现反向,以至于可能损坏装置,因此在设计阶段需要留足裕度,确保各种情况主动部件向从动部件的单向传递。
根据控制的方式不同,离合机构分为操纵离合机构和自控离合机构。操纵离合机构通过操纵接合元件使离合机构进入接合或分离状态,其中,接合、分离两种状态一般可以随时根据需要切换。根据操纵离合器控制机构的不同,可分为机械离合器、电磁离合器、液压离合器、气压离合器。根据除去操纵力后离合机构处于的状态不同,可分为常开离合器、常合离合器。根据主动部件和从动部件传递作用力或运动过程中是否存在阻尼,可分为有阻尼作用的离合器和无阻尼作用的离合器,即,弹性离合器和刚性离合器。在操纵离合机构中,离合控制单元为控制离合机构接合或分离的控制模块,主动部件和从动部件产生接合或分离动作由离合控制单元极其相关控制机构完成,不同控制机构类型的操纵离合机构对应不同的离合控制单元,如电磁离合器的 离合控制单元就是包括控制离合器接合与分离的电磁线圈及其控制电路的统称。与离合控制单元相对应的就是离合机械单元,即:离合机构中传递作用力、扭矩或运动的机械部件,包括主动部件、从动部件、输入端、输出端等。显然,操纵离合机构控制的灵活性很高,适用范围很广,但同时控制代价也很高,其接合、分离状态的控制,一般需选用有源控制,无源控制几乎无法实现。在汽车工程领域,常见的电磁离合器、摩擦离合器、液力离合器均采取了有源控制方案。这类离合机构主要通过操纵接合或分离两种状态,驱动或切断主动部件对从动部件在同轴线上传递转矩或运动。在电气工程领域,类似利用有源控制实现离合功能的常见机构包括:断路器液压操作机构中电磁阀和液压泵控制高低压油流储能释能、断路器弹簧操作机构中电磁机构控制锁扣脱扣储能释能,前者主动部件与从动部件之间为流体传动连接,后者主动部件与从动部件之间为机械传动连接。在本发明中通过引入离合机构,利用离合机构的接合或分离两种状态,驱动或切断主动部件对从动部件作用力的传递,实现运动部件3与基座1的移动配合。图3所示的第二离合机构11,就是通过利用有源控制(位置开关配合离合控制单元)实现离合功能的机构。相对于操纵离合机构而言,自控离合机构则是在主动部件或从动部件某些性能参数、状态结构以及运动状态发生变化时,接合元件具有自行接合或分离功能的离合机构。常见的自控离合器包括超越离合器、离心离合器、安全离合器等。这些离合器通过利用主动部件或从动部件的速度变化或旋转方向的变换,或利用离心体的离心力作用,或限制传递的转矩或转速不超过限定值,实现了自行接合或分离的功能。显然,自控离合器的状态控制由自身的运行状态或结构参数自行决定,相对的控制器件也比较简单。
在满足本发明装置防冰除冰实际工作需求的条件下,还可以对上述离合机构的功能采取进一步的简化,以提高经济性和可靠性。第一,简化离合机构控制方案。对操纵离合器,可通过在基座1上设置位置开关,用于获取运动部件3的位置,离合控制单元根据位置开关的输 出操纵主动部件与从动部件进入接合或分离状态。在一些实例中,离合机构采用自控离合机构;此类离合机构利用主动部件或从动部件的运动状态和/或本身结构的变化,自行进入接合或分离状态;主动部件上设有第一接合部和分离部,从动部件上设有第二接合部,当第一接合部与第二接合部配合时,主动部件与从动部件进入接合状态,当分离部与第二接合部配合时,主动部件与从动部件进入分离状态。在一些自控离合机构中,主动部件为不完全齿轮,周向依次设有齿牙段和光滑段,第一接合部为齿牙段,分离部为光滑段;从动部件为齿条,第二接合部为齿条上的齿牙段。在一些自控离合机构中,主动部件为不完全齿轮,周向依次设有齿牙段和光滑段,第一接合部为齿牙段,分离部为光滑段;从动部件为齿轮,第二接合部为齿轮上的齿牙部;或者,从动部件为齿轮组,第二接合部为齿轮组输入齿轮的齿牙部。在一些自控离合机构中,利用主动部件凸轮的转动方向和凸起的位置,与从动部件摆杆的接合部位配合,进入接合或分离状态。第二,一般的离合机构在传动过程中可能存在相对运动,而且相对运动还可能存在累积效应,因此,其主动部件与从动部件进入接合状态时,需要有一个接合缓冲的过程,二者之间一般不能采用刚性连接。如果,离合机构从分离状态进入接合状态时,主动部件和从动部件二者速度差较小,且在接合状态下,主动部件与从动部件之间相对运动很小,这样情况下,对应的主动部件与从动部件之间也就可以采用刚性连接。满足使用刚性连接的情况下,刚性连接,能量传递效率高,经济性好,元器件少,可靠性高。第三,针对接合、分离两种状态的切换控制采取周期性切换策略,装置周而复始地进行蓄能和释能操作,这种状态切换策略同样也满足了装置防冰除冰的工作要求,但整个离合机构及其控制更为简化。而且,对装置动作周期的设定或调整,还可利用自控离合机构状态、结构参数的变化来实现。这样简化功能后的自控离合机构,采用无源器件就能实现,对应地机构可以采用不完全齿轮配合齿条机构(图2)、不完全齿轮配合齿轮机构(图6、7、8)或凸轮 配合摆杆机构(图9、10)实现。本发明离合机构优选采用无源器件实现的自控离合方案,减少了实现离合机构所用设备元件的数量,降低了控制的复杂程度,提高了系统运行可靠性和经济性。
在实际使用环境中,当离合机构从接合状态转换到分离状态时,离合机构必须在分离状态保持足够长的时间,方可再次进入接合状态。这主要是因为在离合机构从接合状态切换进入分离状态后,弹簧随即快速释放在接合状态下蓄积的弹性势能,如果弹簧在释放弹性势能的过程中,离合机构就进入接合状态,这时,离合机构和与之传动连接的电机5将会受到弹性势能释放过程中运动部件3反向运动的冲击力,造成离合机构和电机5过载损坏。同理,在弹簧释放弹性势能过程中,运动部件撞击到止挡部件后,也会存在一个振荡衰减最终停止的过程,基于此原因,也需要离合机构在分离状态下保持一定时长,方可再次进入接合状态,避免离合机构和电机5过载损坏。在对应的实现方式中,如果采用离合控制单元的离合机构,需要控制离合在分离状态保持足够长时间,或者说离合机构需要方便地设定的分离状态时长。如果采用不完全齿轮的离合机构,则需要不完全齿轮的光滑部分保持足够的角度。根据本发明中实例的试验结果,推荐分离状态时长应大于1秒。若离合机构分离状态的固有最小时长为TC,离合机构设定的分离状态时长为T1,则应同时满足:T1>TC和T1>1s。显然,分离状态时长可设置,意味着分离状态是一个可保持、可改变、可延长的稳定状态,而不是一个过渡地、瞬时、不可保持的状态。通过设置离合机构分离状态的时长,不仅可以有效改善离合机构的可靠性,还可以方便地调整该防冰除冰装置动作的频率,增加其适用于防冰除冰的种类,或在不同的装置之间按照设定的时序配合动作,提升防冰除冰的效果。事实上,通过设置接合状态的时长同样也可以调整装置动作的频率,但是该思路以下三种实现方式都不同程度存在困难。①如果电机5与主动部件传动连接之间不存在逆止机构,这种情况下,接合状态下二者保持静止状态,将会导致电机5堵转等损坏电机的可能,降低装置可 靠性。②如果电机5与主动部件传动连接之间存在逆止机构,虽然不会导致电机5堵转等损坏电机的可能,但电机5重新启动将会需要较大的启动转矩和较大启动电流,同样容易引起电机5损坏,降低装置可靠性。③利用降低接合状态下电机5的转速改变接合状态的时长,这样也需要考虑转矩配合等引起的相对复杂的电机控制。
离合机构从开始进入接合状态,到切换分离状态,到再切换回接合状态的初始时刻,本发明的防冰除冰装置完成了一次从能量缓慢蓄积到能量快速释放的过程。相应地,运动部件3相对于基座1完成了一次从初始位置缓慢运动到终止位置又快速返回初始位置的过程。其中,主动部件与从动部件还可具有设定的分离状态时长,利用主动部件与从动部件分离状态的时长,就可以设置防冰除冰装置动作的频率。周而复始的重复以上过程,就在架空线路分裂导线上产生了一定频率的振动作用,从而有效抑制或干扰覆冰产生的过程,达到防冰除冰的目的。显然,只要运动部件3相对基座1非匀速直线运动,就能通过对应的连接部件在子导线上产生加速度,进而达到防冰除冰的效果。对应地,可以驱动运动部件3相对基座1产生非匀速直线运动的机构很多,常见的机械机构包括曲柄连杆机构、曲柄滑块机构、凸轮机构等。在本发明中,通过利用离合机构的接合、分离两个状态与储能器件4储能、释能两种状态配合,明显改善了装置的能量密度和功率密度,大幅提高了防冰除冰的效果。在本发明中离合机构共提供了4种实现的实例。
①离合机构选用第一离合机构10(图2),第一离合机构10为自控离合机构,主动部件与从动部件之间刚性连接,采用不完全齿轮配合齿条结构实现。其中,第一不完全齿轮101的输入轴为离合机构的输入端,第一齿条102为离合机构的输出端。主动部件为第一不完全齿轮101,从动部件为第一齿条102。主动部件上的第一接合部为第一不完全齿轮101的齿牙段,主动部件上分离部为第一不完全齿轮101的光滑段。从动部件上的第二接合部为第一齿条102上的齿牙部。
运动部件3设置在第一齿条102上。第一不完全齿轮101与电机5的输出轴传动连接,当第一不完全齿轮101的齿牙段与第一齿条102配合时,第一离合机构10接合;当第一不完全齿轮101的光滑段与第一齿条102配合时,第一离合机构10分离。
第一离合机构10分离状态时长通过改变第一不完全齿轮101光滑段的角度大小进行设置,或者利用控制电机5的电机控制器改变分离状态的延时进行设置,实现对其动作周期的设定或调整。
第一离合机构10还包括第一完全齿轮组,第一不完全齿轮101与第一完全齿轮组的输入端传动连接,第一完全齿轮组的输出端与第一齿条102传动连接。所增设的第一完全齿轮组,将取代第一齿条102,由其与第一不完全齿轮101配合实现离合功能。相应的从动部件以及第二接合部也发生了改变,但并没有改变离合机构实现的方式和机理。相对于通过增加不完全齿轮的半径增加运动部件3移动的行程,通过增设第一完全齿轮组,不仅增加运动部件3行程,还可以相对改善装置的集成度和能量密度。
图1和图4均采用了上述的离合机构10。其中,图1采用运动部件3通过电机5驱动缓慢伸出蓄积势能、快速缩回释放势能。图4则采用运动部件3通过电机5驱动缓慢缩回蓄积势能,然后快速伸出释放势能。
②离合机构为第二离合机构11(图3),第二离合机构11为操纵离合机构,包括第一操纵离合机构15、离合控制单元、位置开关、第一完全齿轮501和第二齿条502。离合控制单元用于控制第一操纵离合机构15进入接合或分离状态,运动部件3设置在第二齿条502上。第一操纵离合机构15传动连接在电机5输出轴51和第一完全齿轮501的输入轴5011之间,利用第一完全齿轮501与第二齿条502的配合,将第二离合机构11输出的旋转运动转换成第二齿条502的直线运动,基座1上设置有与运动部件3行程的起始位置和终止位置对应的两个位置开关(时间控制器与电机转速配合也可达到与位置开关同等的效 果),两个位置开关均与离合控制单元电连接,两个位置开关输出的位置信号作为离合控制单元的输入,实现对第二离合机构11接合、分离状态的控制;第一操纵离合机构15的分离状态时长通过控制其分离状态的延时长短设置。
③离合机构为第三离合机构12(图6、7、8),第三离合机构12为自控离合机构,主动部件与从动部件之间刚性连接,采用不完全齿轮配合完全齿轮机构实现。第二不完全齿轮103的输入轴为离合机构的输入端,卷绕部105卷绕的一端为离合机构的输出端。主动部件为第二不完全齿轮103,从动部件为一端设有完全齿轮的卷绕部105,所述主动部件上的第一接合部为第二不完全齿轮103的齿牙段,所述主动部件上分离部为第二不完全齿轮103的光滑段。从动部件的第二接合部为卷绕部105一端完全齿轮的齿牙部。
第三离合机构12包括第二不完全齿轮103和卷绕部105。第二不完全齿轮103与电机5的输出轴传动连接,卷绕部105一端设有完全齿轮并与第二不完全齿轮103配合,通过第二不完全齿轮103驱动卷绕部105卷绕柔性牵引绳8牵引运动部件3产生运动。第二不完全齿轮103具有齿牙段和光滑段,当第二不完全齿轮103的齿牙段与卷绕部105配合时,第三离合机构12接合,当第二不完全齿轮103的光滑段与卷绕部105配合时,第三离合机构12分离。第三离合机构12分离状态时长通过改变第二不完全齿轮103光滑段的角度大小进行设置,或者利用控制电机5的电机控制器改变分离状态的延时进行设置。在一些实例中,第三离合机构12还包括第二完全齿轮组104,第二完全齿轮组104传动连接在第二不完全齿轮103和卷绕部105之间。通过增加第二齿轮组104,增大了运动部件3的行程,相应的从动部件以及第二接合部也发生了改变,但并没有改变离合机构实现的方式和机理。
④离合机构为第四离合机构13(图9、10),第四离合机构13为自控离合机构,采用凸轮配合摆杆机构实现。凸轮106的输入轴为离合机构的输入端,摆杆107连接运动部件3的一端为离合机构的输出 端。主动部件为凸轮106,从动部件为摆杆107。根据凸轮106的旋转方向不同,主动部件上的第一接合部为凸轮106轮廓沿面凸出部位与摆杆接触一侧的部分,主动部件上分离部为凸轮106轮廓沿面其他部分,从动部件上的第二接合部为摆杆107与凸轮106凸起部位接触的部分。凸轮106的输入轴与电机5的输出轴传动连接,摆杆107通过转动轴与基座1转动配合,运动部件3设置在摆杆107上。当凸轮106在电机5的驱动下,其凸出部位旋转至与摆杆107开始接触时,第四离合机构13进入接合状态,运动部件3在驱动力作用下围绕转动轴开始转动,连接在基座1和运动部件3之间的板簧4蓄积势能;当凸轮106旋转到其凸出部位与摆杆107脱离接触时,第四离合机构13脱离接合状态,进入分离状态,运动部件3在板簧恢复力的作用下围绕转动轴快速返回。第四离合机构13分离状态时长,利用控制电机5的电机控制器改变分离状态的延时进行设置。一般地,摆杆107为多个,多个摆杆107按照设定的间隔设置在基座1上。
在一些实例中,离合机构不仅具备作用力、扭矩或运动的传递/切断,还具备运动转换功能。如图1所述,第一离合机构10,利用第一不完全齿轮101与第一齿条102配合,除了实现了离合机构功能外,还将主动部件的旋转运动转换成运动部件3所需的直线运动。如图3所述,第二离合机构11,利用第一完全齿轮501和第二齿条502配合,将第一操纵离合机构15输出的旋转运动转换成运动部件3所需的直线运动。如图7所述,第三离合机构12利用第二不完全齿轮103与第二完全齿轮组104配合,驱动卷绕部105缠绕柔性牵引绳8获得运动部件3所需的直线运动。在一些实例中,电驱动组件2除了包括电机5和离合机构外,还需要相应的位置开关(或者限位开关)配合,在运动部件3运动的起始位置和终止位置设置位置开关(或者限位开关),利用位置开关触发离合控制单元操纵离合机构切换至所需状态,或者触发电机旋转所需的方向。
在发明《一种架空线路除冰装置》(CA2444216A1/CA2444216C/US 7310948B2)的图10中给出了该发明除冰的一个流程,从该图中可知,一次除冰工作共包括6个顺序执行的工作步骤,分别是:能量输入、能量收集、能量存储、触发机构释能、执行机构将能量作用于导线完成振动除冰,其中能量存储不是必须的工作步骤。显然该装置的工作更多是一个除冰地思路,是一种事后的解决方案,较少考虑到防冰,对应地是一个顺序地、一次性地工作流程,依次进行收集输入的能量、存储收集的能量、触发释放收集的能量,然后再利用执行系统输出能量至架空线路。这样一个除冰工作流程存在的问题是显而易见的,因为导线一旦完成覆冰,冰层之间黏连紧密,仅仅通过使导线产生振动除冰效果极其有限。同时,考虑到在导线的等电位场获取的能量极其有限,在无法供给足够能量地情况,更进一步约束了除冰的手段。加之,产生覆冰的气象条件、环境状态和线路状态变化是相对缓慢地,与之对应地触发条件也就无法及时改变或调整,装置不能根据不同类型的覆冰,产生不同的振动频率,上述这些原因都将导致该发明除冰的效果受到很大限制。
与该发明不同,本申请的装置采用按照一定频率周期性地重复和循环防冰除冰的工作步骤。图22所示为本发明的防冰除冰工作流程。装置运行时,能量获取模块为整个装置提供电能供给,装置再根据现场气象条件、线路覆冰类型与状态,或人工指令决定是否进入防冰除冰状态。一旦装置进入防冰除冰状态,通电后的电机5持续输出机械能,在离合机构进入接合状态时,电机5将通过离合机构驱动运动部件3相对于基座1缓慢离开初始点位置,伴随着运动部件3产生位移,储能器件4开始缓慢蓄积弹簧的弹性势能以及张力势能、重力势能。当运动部件3运动到终止点临界位置,装置所蓄积的能量达到了极值。当运动部件3越过终止点临界位置后,离合机构随之进入分离状态,电驱动组件2切断了对运动部件3的驱动力,装置瞬间将所蓄积的势能,通过运动部件3和基座1的相对运动释放至不同的子导线,导致其中至少一根子导线快速运动产生加速度,伴随着能量释放,运动部 件3再次回到初始点位置,完成一次能量蓄积到释放的循环,周期性重复以上动作过程,使架空线路根据不同覆冰类型按照一定的频率产生振动效应,实现对架空输电线路的防冰除冰。
为了更好地满足现场实际,本发明在装置的可靠性、能量密度与功率密度、能量使用的效率以及防冰除冰的效果等方方面面进行了优化、权衡和折中。通过利用离合机构和储能器件(4),在能量供给不足的情况下,提升了装置的能量密度与功率密度。通过采用简单可靠的自控离合机构,不仅无源器件本身的可靠性相对要高,而且减少了元器件使用的数量,因此装置总体的可靠性大幅提升。除此之外,还可以对电机的参数、电机的可靠性、变速机构的变比、不完全齿轮的参数、储能器件参数、运动部件的移动距离等状态参数进行综合优化,以便获提升装置整体性能。
在本发明中,基座1与运动部件3上均设置有连接部件,该连接部件分别连接至分裂导线的不同子导线,连接部件可将基座1与运动部件3之间因相对运动产生的作用力传递至分裂导线。储能器件4设置在基座1和运动部件3两个产生相对位移的部件之间,用于蓄积或释放势能。基座1与运动部件3之间的运动是相对的,如果将运动部件3作为参照物,把电驱动组件2设置运动部件3上,就可实现驱动基座1相对于运动部件3运动。推而广之,对于存在多个运动部件3的实例(图9、10),对于相对于一部分运动部件3,另一部分运动部件3及其连接部件可做为基座1的连接部件。也就是说,对于两个相对运动的运动部件3,其中一个可作为参照物,认为其相对静止,将其与相应的连接部件视为基座1与子导线的连接部件。
在本发明中连接部件共提供了以下多种实现的实例。
①图1、4、5所示,基座1与运动部件3上均设置有连接部件,该连接部件采用线夹或回转线夹,分别连接至分裂导线的不同子导线。
②图9、10所示的情况存在两个或多个运动部件3,基座1通过一个或一部分运动部件3间接连接至子导线,即:选择其中一个(或一 部分)运动部件3作为其他运动部件3的参照物,将其视为基座1与子导线的连接部件。
③图14、15、16、17所示,连接部件包括第一架体和第二架体,第一架体701和第二架体702上各至少设有一个用于连接子导线的线夹703,第一架体701与基座1连接,运动部件3与第二架体702连接。
④图14所示,第一架体701和第二架体702均有两个端部;第一架体701的第一端部与第二架体702的第一端部通过第一转动轴801转动连接,第一架体701的第二端部与基座1通过第二转动轴802转动连接,第二架体702的第二端部通过第三转动轴803转动连接。
⑤如图15所示,第一架体701和第二架体702均有两个端部;第一架体701的第一端部与第二架体702的第一端部利用第一连板901,通过第四转动轴804和第五转动轴805转动连接;第一架体701的第二端部与第二架体702的第二端部通过第二连板902,利用第六转动轴806和第七转动轴807转动连接;第一架体701的第一端部与基座1通过第四转动轴804转动连接,第二架体702的第二端部与运动部件3通过第七转动轴807转动连接。
⑥图16所示,第一架体701和第二架体702均有两个端部;第一架体701的第一端部与第二架体702的第一端部通过第一转动轴801转动连接,第一架体701的第二端部与第二架体702的第二端部利用第三连板903和第四连板904,通过第八转动轴808、第九转动轴809、第十转动轴810转动连接;基座1与连接第一架体701和第二架体702的第一转动轴801转动连接,运动部件3与连接第三连板903和第四连板904的第九转动轴809转动连接。
⑦图17所示,第一架体701和第二架体702均有两个端部;第一架体701的第一端部与第二架体702的第一端部滑动连接,第一架体701的第二端部与第二架体702的第二端部滑动连接;基座1与第一架体701连接,运动部件3与第二架体702连接,储能器件4连接在第一架体701和第二架体702之间。
⑧图18所示,对于三分裂架空线路,将三分裂子导线间隔棒架体分为三个部分,即:第三架体704、第四架体705、第五架体706,利用4个转轴(第十一转动轴811、第十二转动轴812、第十三转动轴813、第十四转动轴814),将3个架体与基座1及运动部件3连接起来。当基座1与运动部件3产生相对运动后,通过上述3架体和4转动轴,将作用力传递至子导线。
⑨图19所示,对于四分裂导线的十字型子导线间隔棒,将子导线间隔棒分为3个架体(第六架体707、第七架体708、第八架体709),通过4个转动轴(第十五转动轴815、第十六转动轴816、第十七转动轴817、第十八转动轴818),将基座1与运动部件3之间产生的作用力传递至子导线。
⑩图20所示,第一架体701与第二架体702分别通过第五连板905和第六连板906、第七连板907和第八连板908,以及6个转动轴(第十九转动轴819、第二十转动轴820、第二十一转动轴821、第二十二转动轴822、第二十三转动轴823、第二十四转动轴824)连接。其中基座1与第二十转动轴820转动连接,运动部件3与转动轴823转动连接。当基座1与运动部件3产生相对运动后,通过上述2架体、4连板、6转动轴,将作用力传递至子导线。
图21所示,采用了连板、转动轴作为连接部件与基座1、运动部件3连接的结构。其中,第一架体701与第二架体702通过4个连板(第九连板909、第十连板910、第十一连板911、第十二连板912)与4个转动轴(第二十五转动轴825、第二十六转动轴826、第二十七转动轴827、第二十八转动轴828)连接。运动部件3与转动轴826连接,基座1与转动轴828连接。其运动效果与图1和图4类似,因为采用了连杆与转动轴结构,可以一定程度,放大伸缩的效果,或者降低运动时电机5需要输出的扭矩,起到类似杠杆或变速机构的效果。
在更多的实例中,连接部件包括三个及以上架体,其中的两个架体分别与不同的子导线连接,两个架体其中之一与基座1连接,另一 个与运动部件3连接。对应的电驱动组件2的数量也可以为多个,与其对应的多个基座1和多个运动部件3分别连接多个不同架体。相应地,增加控制模块,就可以控制多个电驱动组件2以设定的时序和/或频率动作。
上述与基座1和运动部件3不同连接方式的连接部件,都是通过将相应子导线间隔棒分解成两个或多个架体,利用电驱动组件2驱动/切断架体之间相对运动进行蓄积或释放势能,从而将作用力传递至子导线进行防冰除冰。充分利用现有塔线体系中的子导线间隔棒,有利于提高新增的防冰除冰装置与现有塔线体系的兼容性。
利用能量获取模块为防冰除冰装置和电机5供给能量,能量获取模块可以是获取风能、太阳能、磁场能等。在本实施例中,能量获取模块包括等电位安装在架空输电线路导线上的一个或多个感应取电单元70(图11、12),感应取电单元70包括一次侧线圈(即:子导线)73、套设在子一次侧线圈73外的铁芯71,以及铁芯71上缠绕的二次线圈72。示例性的,一次侧线圈73上流过一次侧电流I1,在二次线圈上产生感应电流I2,再通过AC/DC电路或AC/AC电路产生输出电压Uo和输出电流Io,该电源输出给电驱动组件2或通过储能电池或电容输出给电驱动组件2。感应取电单元70用于将导线周围的磁场能转换成电能,并将电能提供给电驱动组件2及其他器件。其中,多个感应取电单元70可以串联和/或并联连接。在一些实例中,连接子导线的线夹(703)采用回转式线夹(74),且将感应取电单元(70)设置在回转线夹(74)内,提高装置的集成度。
本发明所述装置中的电驱动组件2还包括变速机构,变速机构传动连接在电机5与离合机构之间,或者离合机构与运动部件3之间,负责作用力的转换及传递。变速机构还可以选择与电机5集成或融合在一起,也可选择与离合机构融合在一起。变速机构优选具有逆止结构。变速机构除了选择机械变速机构,还可选择断路器分合闸操作机构中常见的变速机构,如:基于电磁阀和液压泵的液压操作机构、空 气压缩机和气动马达或液压泵和液压马达,这些机构也可很好的完成作用力的转换、传递和势能的蓄积,这种情况下,与之配合实现离合功能就需要采用有源器件,如电磁泄压阀、高压气体电磁阀等。本发明中优选无源器件实现的机械变速机构,可采用齿轮变速机构、或蜗杆变速机构、或行星齿轮变速机构,这有利用提高装置运行的可靠性和经济性,且与之配合的离合机构采用无源控制,结构简单可靠,运行经济实用。
本发明的防冰除冰装置还包括通信模块,用于接收主站或人工命令,或在不同装置之间通信或中继通信。在一些实例中,还包括加速度传感器,加速度传感器用于检测基座1或运动部件3的加速度,并将检测到的加速度与设定加速度阈值进行比较以形成状态信息。
本发明还提供了一种架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰子导线间隔棒,用于架空线路的分裂导线,该间隔棒包括子导线间隔棒本体和安装在所述子导线间隔棒本体上的至少一个如上所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置。多个如上所述架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置或者多个架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰子导线间隔棒,按照一定的间距,分布式安装在架空线路分裂导线的易覆冰区段,构成一种架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰系统,用于架空线路的分裂导线防冰除冰工作。
通过在如上所述架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,或者防冰除冰子导线间隔棒,或者架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰系统内增加智能通信控制系统,利用远方主站、或人工命令、或自主控制对防冰除冰方式进行协调控制,结合线路的覆冰状况和运行环境智能控制适时动作,合理选择装置的动作策略和线路的防冰除冰方式,以设定的时序和/或频率动作,将会减轻不平衡脱冰对架空线路带来的影响。智能通信控制系统包括:通信模块、电机控制器、离合控制单元、控制模块、控制系统和智能管理单元。通信模块通过无线网络与主站、人工操作员以及其他装置通信,具有路由、中继、转发其他通信模块信息的功能,并与其他装置的通信单元组网,形成自组网。不同的控制模块通过通 信单元相互交互组成控制系统,就可以控制多个架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置或者多个防冰除冰子导线间隔棒以设定的时序和/或频率动作。智能通信控制系统的通信模块也可以与其他发明、其他原理的防冰除冰方法或装置进行通信,互相配合、互相协作,共同实现更好的防冰除冰效果。智能管理单元具有自检功能,负责采集环境和装置本身的状态信息并根据需要通过通信单元上报主站或操作员,负责综合各类信息判断是否开启或关闭防冰除冰功能、或选择需要的防冰除冰策略。其中,典型的自检功能包括,通过在智能通信控制系统中增加加速度传感器检测所述基座1或运动部件3运动的加速度,并将检测到的加速度与设定加速度阈值进行比较,以此判断装置本身产生的振动防冰除冰效果是否满足要求。典型的防冰除冰策略包括:对于在一个耐张段内或直线塔段内,装置动作次序从两侧逐步过渡到中间,或与之相反;对于重覆冰区,除了增加防冰除冰装置的分布安装数量,还可以提高装置的动作力度、频率。智能通信控制系统所采集的状态信息包括:运行环境信息、气象条件、覆冰情况、加速度、振动、音视频、地理位置、时间、导线电流状态信息。通过在增加智能协调控制,对已经覆冰的架空线路除冰脱冰过程进行有效干预,以保证架空线路安全为目标的除冰策略,协调控制处于不同位置的装置协调动作有序除冰,从而改善大范围同时除冰脱冰产生的线路脱冰跳跃问题,减轻“全档脱冰”、“集中脱冰”以及“不平衡脱冰”对架空输电线线路和电网影响的严重程度。
需要说明的是,在本文中,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括上述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上仅是本发明的具体实施方式,使本领域技术人员能够理解或实现本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
工业实用性
本公开提供的一种用于固定安装在架空输电线路分裂导线上的防冰除冰装置。该装置包括基座、电驱动组件、运动部件和储能器件。其中,电驱动组件包括电机和具有设定的分离状态时长的离合机构,电驱动组件通过离合机构驱动运动部件相对于基座产生位移,储能器件设置在基座和运动部件之间蓄积和释放势能。在离合机构接合时,电机输出的作用力通过离合机构驱动运动部件相对于基座产生位移并对储能器件蓄积势能;在离合机构分离时,离合机构切断电机对运动部件的驱动力,蓄积在储能器件中的势能随之被快速释放,释放的势能通过相应地连接部件作用到分裂导线的子导线上,使之产生加速,振落架空输电线路上的覆冰,具有很强的工业实用性。

Claims (44)

  1. 一种架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,用于固定安装在架空输电线路的分裂导线上,其特征在于,包括基座(1)、电驱动组件(2)、运动部件(3)和储能器件(4);
    所述电驱动组件(2)设置在所述基座(1)上,所述电驱动组件(2)包括电机(5)和离合机构;
    所述离合机构包括输入端、输出端、主动部件和从动部件;所述输入端与所述主动部件连接,所述从动部件与所述输出端连接;所述主动部件与所述从动部件之间有且仅有接合、分离两种互斥、可控的工作状态;
    当所述主动部件与所述从动部件处于接合状态时,所述主动部件向所述从动部件传递作用力、扭矩或运动;当所述主动部件与所述从动部件处于分离状态时,切断所述主动部件向所述从动部件传递作用力、扭矩或运动;
    所述主动部件与所述从动部件具有设定的分离状态时长;
    所述电机(5)的输出与所述输入端连接,所述输出端与所述运动部件(3)连接;
    所述运动部件(3)与所述基座(1)移动配合,所述电驱动组件(2)通过所述离合机构驱动所述运动部件(3)相对于所述基座(1)产生位移;
    所述储能器件(4)设置在所述基座(1)和所述运动部件(3)之间,所述基座(1)和所述运动部件(3)分别通过连接部件与分裂导线的不同子导线连接;
    在所述主动部件与所述从动部件处于接合状态时,所述电机(5)通过所述离合机构驱动所述运动部件(3)相对于所述基座(1)产生位移,以此使得设置在所述基座(1)和所述运动部件(3)之间的所述储能器件(4)蓄积势能;
    在所述主动部件与所述从动部件处于分离状态时,所述离合机构切断所述电机(5)对所述运动部件(3)的驱动,失去驱动的所述运动部件(3),在所述储能器件(4)恢复力的作用下,相对于所述基座(1)运动,蓄积在所述储能器件(4)中的势能随之被释放,释放的势能通过所述连接部件作用到分裂导线的子导线上,使之运动并产生加速,进而抖落架空线路上的覆冰。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述基座(1)上设有止挡部,所述止挡部设置在所述运动部件(3)相对与所述基座(1)运动的路径上,用于在所述储能器件(4)释放势能时对所述运动部件(3)的运动形成止挡或限位,止挡或限位使得所述运动部件(3)相对于所述基座(1)的运动突然停止,进而使得分裂导线的子导线产生加速度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述基座(1)具有腔体,所述离合机构、所述储能器件(4)和运动部件(3)设置在所述腔体内。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,还包括电机控制器,所述电机控制器与所述电机(5)电连接,用于控制所述电机(5)动作,所述动作包括转动、停止及调速。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述主动部件与所述从动部件的分离状态时长通过所述电机控制器设置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述储能器件(4)为多个。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述储能器件(4)选用弹簧。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述弹簧为空气弹簧、柱弹簧、板簧、碟簧或扭矩弹簧。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特 征在于,所述基座(1)与所述运动部件(3)之间蓄积或释放的势能还包括不同子导线之间的张力势能和/或子导线本身的重力势能。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述储能器件(4)设置在所述基座(1)和所述运动部件(3)上设置的所述连接部件之间,或设置在不同子导线之间。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述离合机构采用操纵离合机构,还包括离合控制单元和位置开关,所述离合控制单元用于控制所述主动部件与所述从动部件接合和分离,所述位置开关设置在所述基座(1)上,用于获取所述运动部件(3)的位置,所述离合控制单元根据位置开关的输出操纵所述主动部件与所述从动部件进入接合或分离状态。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述离合机构采用自控离合机构;
    所述自控离合机构利用所述主动部件或所述从动部件的运动状态和/或本身结构的变化,自行进入接合或分离状态;
    所述主动部件上设有第一接合部和分离部,所述从动部件上设有第二接合部,当所述第一接合部与所述第二接合部配合时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件进入接合状态,当所述分离部与所述第二接合部配合时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件进入分离状态。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述主动部件为不完全齿轮,周向依次设有齿牙段和光滑段,所述第一接合部为齿牙段,所述分离部为光滑段;所述从动部件为齿条,所述第二接合部为所述齿条上的齿牙段。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述主动部件为不完全齿轮,周向依次设有齿牙段和光滑段,所述第一接合部为齿牙段,所述分离部为光滑段;
    所述从动部件为齿轮,所述第二接合部为所述齿轮上的齿牙部;或者,所述从动部件为齿轮组,所述第二接合部为所述齿轮组输入齿 轮的齿牙部。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述主动部件与所述从动部件分离状态时长通过所述不完全齿轮光滑段的弧度大小进行设置。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述离合机构为第一离合机构(10)包括第一不完全齿轮(101)和第一齿条(102);所述主动部件为第一不完全齿轮(101),所述从动部件为第一齿条(102);所述主动部件上的第一接合部为第一不完全齿轮(101)的齿牙段,所述主动部件上分离部为第一不完全齿轮(101)的光滑段;所述从动部件上的第二接合部为所述第一齿条(102)上的齿牙部;所述第一不完全齿轮(101)的输入轴为所述输入端,所述第一齿条(102)为所述输出端;
    所述运动部件(3)设置在所述第一齿条(102)上;所述第一不完全齿轮(101)输入轴与所述电机(5)的输出轴传动连接,所述第一不完全齿轮(101)具有齿牙段和光滑段,当所述第一不完全齿轮(101)的齿牙段与所述第一齿条(102)配合时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件接合,当所述第一不完全齿轮(101)的光滑段与所述第一齿条(102)配合时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件分离;
    所述第一离合机构(10)的所述主动部件与所述从动部件的分离状态时长通过第一不完全齿轮(101)光滑段的弧度大小进行设置。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述第一离合机构(10)还包括第一完全齿轮组,所述第一不完全齿轮(101)与所述第一完全齿轮组的输入齿轮传动连接,所述第一完全齿轮组的输出齿轮与所述第一齿条(102)传动连接。
  18. 根据权利要求11所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述离合机构为第二离合机构(11),所述第二离合机构(11)包括第一操纵离合机构(15),以及第一完全齿轮(501)和第二齿条(502);
    所述电机(5)的输出轴(51)与所述第一操纵离合机构(15)的所述输入端传动连接,所述第二离合机构(11)所述输出端设置在所述第二齿条(502)上;利用所述第一完全齿轮(501)与所述第二齿条(502)的配合,将所述第一操纵离合机构(15)输出的旋转运动转换成所述第二齿条(502)的直线运动;所述运动部件(3)设置在所述第二齿条(502)上;
    所述主动部件与所述从动部件的分离状态时长通过所述第一操纵离合机构(15)的所述离合控制单元设置。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述离合机构为第三离合机构(12)包括第二不完全齿轮(103)和卷绕部(105);所述主动部件为第二不完全齿轮(103),所述从动部件为一端设有完全齿轮的卷绕部(105);所述主动部件上的第一接合部为第二不完全齿轮(103)的齿牙段,所述主动部件上分离部为第二不完全齿轮(103)的光滑段;所述从动部件的第二接合部为所述卷绕部(105)一端完全齿轮的齿牙部;所述第二不完全齿轮(103)的输入轴为所述输入端,所述卷绕部(105)卷绕的一端为所述输出端;
    所述电机(5)的输出与所述第二不完全齿轮(103)的输入轴传动连接,所述卷绕部(105)一端设有完全齿轮并与第二不完全齿轮(103)配合,通过所述第二不完全齿轮(103)驱动卷绕部(105)卷绕柔性牵引绳(8)牵引运动部件(3)产生运动;所述第二不完全齿轮(103)具有齿牙段和光滑段,当所述第二不完全齿轮(103)的齿牙段与所述卷绕部(105)配合时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件接合,当所述第二不完全齿轮(103)的光滑段与所述卷绕部(105)配合时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件分离;
    所述主动部件与所述从动部件分离状态时长通过第二不完全齿轮(103)光滑段的弧度进行设置。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述第三离合机构(12)包括第二完全齿轮组(104),所 述第二完全齿轮组(104)传动连接在第二不完全齿轮(103)和卷绕部(105)之间。
  21. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述离合机构为第四离合机构(13)包括凸轮(106)以及与所述凸轮(106)配合的摆杆(107);所述主动部件为凸轮(106),所述从动部件为摆杆(107);根据所述凸轮(106)的旋转方向不同,所述主动部件上的第一接合部为所述凸轮(106)轮廓沿面凸出部位与摆杆接触一侧,所述主动部件上分离部为所述凸轮(106)轮廓沿面其他部分;所述从动部件上的第二接合部为所述摆杆(107)与所述凸轮(106)凸起部位接触的沿面部分;所述凸轮(106)的输入轴为所述输入端,所述摆杆(107)连接运动部件(3)的一端为所述输出端;
    所述凸轮(106)的输入轴与所述电机(5)的输出轴传动连接,所述摆杆(107)通过转动轴与所述基座(1)转动配合,所述运动部件(3)设置在所述摆杆(107)上;当所述凸轮(106)在所述电机(5)的驱动下,其凸出部位旋转至与所述摆杆(107)开始接触时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件进入所述接合状态,所述运动部件(3)在驱动力作用下围绕转动轴开始转动,连接在所述基座(1)和所述运动部件(3)之间的所述储能器件(4)板簧蓄积势能;当所述凸轮(106)旋转到其凸出部位与所述摆杆(107)脱离接触时,所述主动部件与所述从动部件进入分离状态,所述运动部件(3)在所述储能器件(4)板簧恢复力的作用下围绕转动轴返回。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述摆杆(107)为多个,多个所述摆杆(107)按照设定的间隔设置在所述基座(1)上。
  23. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,利用所述主动部件与所述从动部件分离状态的时长,设置所述架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置动作的频率。
  24. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其 特征在于,所述连接部件包括第一架体和第二架体,所述第一架体(701)和第二架体(702)上各至少设有一个用于连接子导线的线夹(703),所述第一架体(701)与所述基座(1)连接,所述运动部件(3)与所述第二架体(702)连接。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述第一架体(701)和第二架体(702)均有两个端部;所述第一架体(701)的第一端部与所述第二架体(702)的第一端部通过第一转动轴(801)转动连接,所述第一架体(701)的第二端部与所述基座(1)通过第二转动轴(802)转动连接,所述运动部件(3)和所述第二架体(702)的第二端部通过第三转动轴(803)转动连接。
  26. 根据权利要求24所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述第一架体(701)和第二架体(702)均有两个端部;所述第一架体(701)的第一端部与所述第二架体(702)的第一端部通过第一连板(901),利用第四转动轴(804)和第五转动轴(805)转动连接;所述第一架体(701)的第二端部与所述第二架体(702)的第二端部通过第二连板(902),利用第六转动轴(806)和第七转动轴(807)转动连接;所述第一架体(701)的第一端部与所述基座(1)通过所述第四转动轴(804)转动连接,所述第二架体(702)的第二端部与所述运动部件(3)通过所述第七转动轴(807)转动连接。
  27. 根据权利要求24所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述第一架体(701)和第二架体(702)均有两个端部;所述第一架体(701)的第一端部与所述第二架体(702)的第一端部通过第一转动轴(801)转动连接,所述第一架体(701)的第二端部与所述第二架体(702)的第二端部通过第三连板(903)和第四连板(904),利用第八转动轴(808)、第九转动轴(809)、第十转动轴(810)转动连接;所述基座(1)与连接所述第一架体(701)和所述第二架体(702)的所述第一转动轴(801)转动连接,所述运动部件(3)与连接第三连板(903)和第四连板(904)的所述第九转动轴(809)转 动连接。
  28. 根据权利要求24所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述第一架体(701)和第二架体(702)均有两个端部;所述第一架体(701)的第一端部与所述第二架体(702)的第一端部滑动连接,所述第一架体(701)的第二端部与所述第二架体(702)的第二端部滑动连接;所述基座(1)与所述第一架体(701)连接,所述运动部件(3)与所述第二架体(702)连接,所述储能器件(4)连接在所述第一架体(701)和所述第二架体(702)之间。
  29. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述连接部件包括三个及以上架体,其中的两个架体分别与不同的子导线连接,所述两个架体其中之一与所述基座(1)连接,另一个与所述运动部件(3)连接。
  30. 根据权利要求29所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述电驱动组件(2)的数量为多个,与其对应的多个所述基座(1)和多个所述运动部件(3)分别连接多个不同所述架体。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,还包括控制模块,所述控制模块用于控制多个所述电驱动组件(2)以设定的时序和/或频率动作。
  32. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,还包括能量获取模块,所述能量获取模块包括等电位安装在导线上的一个或多个感应取电单元(70),所述感应取电单元(70)用于收集导线周围的磁场能并转换成电能,再将电能提供给所述电驱动组件(2);
    或者,所述能量获取模块包括光伏电池板以及与所述光伏电池板连接的储能电容或储能电池。
  33. 根据权利要求32所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,多个所述感应取电单元(70)串联和/或并联连接。
  34. 根据权利要求24所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其 特征在于,所述线夹(703)采用回转线夹(74)。
  35. 根据权利要求32所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述感应取电单元(70)设置在用于连接子导线的回转线夹中。
  36. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述电驱动组件(2)包括变速机构,所述变速机构传动连接在所述电机(5)与所述离合机构之间,或传动连接在所述离合机构与所述运动部件(3)之间。
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述变速机构具有逆止结构。
  38. 根据权利要求36所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述变速机构为机械变速机构。
  39. 根据权利要求38所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,所述机械变速机构采用齿轮变速机构、蜗杆变速机构或行星齿轮变速机构。
  40. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,还包括通信模块,用于接收主站或人工命令,或在不同装置之间通信或中继通信。
  41. 根据权利要求1所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置,其特征在于,还包括加速度传感器,所述加速度传感器用于检测所述基座(1)或运动部件(3)的加速度,并将检测到的加速度与设定加速度阈值进行比较以形成状态信息。
  42. 一种架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰子导线间隔棒,用于固定安装在架空线路的分裂导线,其特征在于,包括子导线间隔棒本体和安装在所述子导线间隔棒本体上的至少一个如权利要求1至41任一项所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置。
  43. 一种架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰系统,用于固定安装在架空线路的分裂导线,其特征在于,包括多个如权利要求1至41任一项所 述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置或多个如权利要求42所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰子导线间隔棒,多个所述架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置或多个所述架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰子导线间隔棒分布安装在架空线路分裂导线上。
  44. 根据权利要求43所述的架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰系统,其特征在于,还包括控制系统,所述控制系统用于控制多个所述架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置或多个所述架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰子导线间隔棒以设定的时序和/或频率动作。
PCT/CN2023/078555 2022-10-31 2023-02-27 架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置、子导线间隔棒及系统 WO2024093068A1 (zh)

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CN115632367A (zh) * 2022-10-31 2023-01-20 李荷泉 架空线路分裂导线防冰除冰装置、子导线间隔棒及系统

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