WO2024088095A1 - Wind turbine generator blade anti-icing system - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a wind turbine generator blade anti-icing system, comprising an icing monitoring apparatus and a gas-thermal deicing system. The icing monitoring apparatus and the gas-thermal deicing system are connected by means of a communication signal; a microwave icing monitoring sensor, an ultrasonic wind weather sensor and a communication assembly are all connected to a first control unit; a fan supplies air to a hot-air pipe by means of a heater, the hot-air pipe is communicated with a blade inner cavity, and the fan, the heater and a second communication assembly are all connected to a second control unit. The present invention has the following beneficial effects: the icing monitoring apparatus and the gas-thermal deicing system are provided in the present invention; the icing monitoring apparatus is used for monitoring an icing condition of fan blades and at the same time monitoring weather information at the position where the fan is located so as to obtain information such as whether icing will occur, and if the icing will occur, the information is fed back to the gas-thermal deicing system, the gas-thermal deicing system starts to work in advance to prevent the fan blades from icing, thereby achieving the purpose of anti-icing; and a super-hydrophobic coating is provided on the surfaces of the fan blades to improve the hydrophobic effect.

Description

Wind turbine blade anti-icing system Technical Field

The present invention relates to the technical field of wind turbine blade anti-icing, and in particular to a wind turbine blade anti-icing system.

Background technique

Wind power generation is an important component of modern clean energy. It meets the demand for clean energy under the background of climate change and is an indispensable source of energy for human development. my country's wind power generation has maintained a high growth rate with policy support, but the high-altitude temperature in winter is below zero, and obvious icing will occur on the surface of wind turbine blades. Ice on the surface of wind turbine blades will lead to many problems such as reduced power generation efficiency (ranging from 10%-50%), unit shutdown, affected automatic control, safety accidents caused by ice shedding, etc., which directly affect the operation of wind turbines. In response to the above problems, the prior art discloses several de-icing solutions:

Coating anti-icing (coating): Passive deicing method, by brushing (spraying) a hydrophobic coating on the blade surface to change the physical properties of the blade surface. Since the hydrophobic coating has anti-adhesion characteristics, it can prevent ice or water from adhering to the surface of the object to a certain extent. At present, more and more research is developing towards nano-composite coatings, which enhance the surface properties of polymers through nano-scale particles. The contact angle (hydrophobic angle) of such materials with water is very large, which can prevent or alleviate the icing of blades. This technical route consists of three technical solutions: 1) Incorporating anti-icing coating into the production process of new blades (specific environmental areas); 2) Brushing anti-icing coating on old blades under the tower or manually; 3) Spraying anti-icing coating on the integrated platform of the drone; The problem with this solution is that the adhesion and wear resistance of the coating are poor, the material performance deteriorates significantly, and frequent repairs are required, and the subsequent maintenance cost is high.

Spraying de-icing agent (de-icing agent): The operator or the automatic flight system will send a drone carrying a certain weight of de-icing agent or carrying a spraying pipeline to the vicinity of the iced blades, find the location of the ice on the blades through high-definition images, and manually or automatically trigger the agent spraying system to spray de-icing agent on the iced points. After de-icing, the drone will find the next iced location to operate until the ice on the three blades is cleared. There are three technical solutions for this technical route: 1) UAV integrated platform cruise spray de-icing agent; 2) Install a de-icer in the cabin to spray de-icing agent. 3) De-icing agent pipes are laid on the tower for fixed spray de-icing. The problems with this solution are: personnel must be near the wind turbine to operate, and it is difficult or impossible to go up the mountain in icy weather; the weight of the de-icing agent carried by the drone is limited, and the endurance is short under extreme weather conditions.

Surface heating layer (electric heating): embed electric heating elements (such as heating film, carbon fiber, etc.) into the blades. When the blades are frozen, the electric heating elements increase the temperature of the blade surface, forming a water film between the ice layer and the blade surface, and throwing the ice out through centrifugal force, or start the electric heating elements when the blades are about to freeze, to prevent or alleviate the ice formation of the blades, thereby achieving the effect of de-icing (anti-icing). This solution is suitable for new machine projects, not for technical transformation projects; it is easy to attract lightning, and the blades must be specially treated for lightning protection; the electric heating elements have great limitations on the coverage of the blade surface, and the later maintainability is poor.

Inner cavity hot air (gas heating): A hot air system consisting of a heater, a ventilator, and a heat pipe is installed in the blade cavity (hub). After the blade freezes, the ventilator sends the heated air to the inside of the blade through the heat pipe, and forms a heat flow cycle to heat the entire blade evenly. The hot air system heats the blade evenly to above zero degrees, and then throws out the accumulated ice through centrifugal force, or starts the hot air system when the blade is about to freeze to prevent or alleviate the freezing of the blade, thereby achieving the effect of de-icing (anti-icing). (Blade gas heating deicing, blower → heater-heat pipe. Blade airflow conductivity test, ice coverage monitoring). The problem with this solution is that the blade material itself has poor thermal conductivity, the heating coverage is incomplete, the effect is not obvious, and the hot air system is prone to aging of the internal components of the blade, requiring regular maintenance and replacement, and high later maintenance costs.

Microwave or electromagnetic induction deicing: Install a microwave or electromagnetic transmitting device near the blades to emit microwaves or use electromagnetic induction to de-ice. Due to the cost and the low de-icing effect, there are currently no examples.

1. For example, a Chinese patent discloses an internal circulation gas-heat deicing device (application number: CN202120914533.6), including at least one group of internal circulation gas-heat deicing mechanisms, and at least one group of internal circulation gas-heat deicing mechanisms is arranged in the chamber corresponding to the deicing part of the blade; the internal circulation gas-heat deicing mechanism includes a first baffle, a gas-heat output component and a return air duct, the first baffle is arranged in the chamber, and is used to separate the chamber into a first chamber near the root of the blade and a second chamber near the tip of the blade, the main body of the gas-heat output component is arranged in the first chamber, and its output end is inserted into the second chamber after passing through the first baffle, and one end of the return air duct is located in the second chamber, and the other end is inserted into the first chamber after passing through the first baffle. It can effectively prevent the problem of ice on the blade surface, and can achieve energy-saving and efficient deicing.

2. A gas-heat deicing device for a wind turbine blade (application number: CN202122078013.9), comprising a blade body, a gas drive component, a heater and a heat pipe; the blade body has an inner cavity, the gas drive component, the heater and the heat pipe are all arranged in the inner cavity, and the heater is connected between the gas drive component and the heat pipe; the gas drive component blows the hot air flow generated by the heater to circulate in the heat pipe, so that the overall structure of the blade body can maintain a high temperature, can remove ice on the blade, avoid blade breakage, and can also reduce the power generation loss of the wind farm.

Although the prior art discloses a solution for a fan blade deicing system, the deicing system is turned on for deicing after a period of time has passed since the ice formed. This affects the normal service life of the fan blades. At the same time, deicing is only performed after a period of time has passed since the ice formed, which increases the deicing workload and costs.

Therefore, it is necessary to propose a wind turbine blade anti-icing system to solve the above problems.

Summary of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine blade anti-icing system to solve the above-mentioned problems.

A wind turbine blade anti-icing system includes an icing monitoring device and an air-heat deicing system, wherein the icing monitoring device is connected to the air-heat deicing system via a communication signal, the icing monitoring device includes a microwave icing monitoring sensor, an ultrasonic wind meteorological sensor, a first communication component and a first control unit, the microwave icing monitoring sensor, the ultrasonic wind meteorological sensor and the communication component are all connected to the first control unit, the air-heat deicing system includes a fan, a heater, a hot air duct, a second control unit and a second communication component, the fan supplies air to the hot air duct via the heater, the hot air duct is connected to an inner cavity of the blade, the fan, the heater and the second communication component are all connected to the second control unit, the first communication component is connected to the second communication component, and the first communication component and the second communication component are both connected to a control platform.

A super hydrophobic coating is applied on the surface of the fan blades of the blade unit.

The water coating adopts hydrophobic and oleophobic nano-ceramic coating.

Preferably, the microwave ice monitoring sensor, the ultrasonic wind meteorological sensor and the first communication component are mounted on a mounting frame, and the mounting frame is mounted on a base of the blade unit.

Preferably, a control box is mounted on the mounting frame, the first control unit is mounted in the control box, a power supply battery is mounted in the control box, and the power supply battery is connected to an external power supply.

Preferably, the power supply includes a solar panel and a blade generator set power supply.

Preferably, the fan, heater and hot air duct are all installed in the hot air cavity of the blade inner cavity, the hot air duct is connected to the reflux cavity of the blade inner cavity, and the reflux cavity is separated from the hot air cavity by a partition.

Preferably, a temperature and humidity sensor is installed in the inner cavity of the blade, and the temperature and humidity sensor is connected to the second control unit.

Preferably, the second control unit is connected to a power control box, the power control box is installed at the root of the inner cavity of the blade, and the power control box is externally connected to a main control cabinet via a slip ring.

Preferably, the first communication component and the second communication component both include a 4G communication module, a 5G communication module, a Beidou communication module and a fiber optic communication module.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention is provided with an ice monitoring device and a gas-thermal deicing system, the ice monitoring device is used to monitor the ice condition of the fan blades, and at the same time monitors the meteorological information of the location where the fan is located to obtain information such as whether ice is going to form. If ice is going to form, the information is fed back to the gas-thermal deicing system, and the gas-thermal deicing system starts working in advance to prevent the fan blades from freezing, thereby achieving the purpose of anti-icing; a super-hydrophobic coating is coated on the surface of the fan blades of the blade unit, and the super-hydrophobic coating has a good hydrophobic effect on the fan blades, which can prevent ice water from covering the surface of the fan blades; the super-hydrophobic coating adopts a hydrophobic and oleophobic nano-ceramic coating, and the hydrophobic and oleophobic nano-ceramic coating has a good super-hydrophobic effect.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

FIG1 is a diagram of a wind turbine blade anti-icing system provided by the present invention;

FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wind turbine blade anti-icing system according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the internal structure of a fan blade according to the present invention.

The accompanying drawings are numerals in the figure: 1. ice monitoring device; 2. gas-heat deicing system; 3. control platform; 4. mounting frame; 5. blade unit; 6. base; 7. power supply battery; 8. power control box; 9. slip ring; 10. main control cabinet; 101. microwave ice monitoring sensor; 102. ultrasonic wind meteorological sensor; 103. first communication component; 104. first control unit; 201. fan; 202. heater; 203. hot air duct; 204. second control unit; 205. second communication component; 501. fan blade; 502. blade inner cavity; 503. hot air cavity; 504. reflux cavity; 505. temperature and humidity sensor; 506. partition; 507. super-hydrophobic coating.

Detailed ways

It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. These embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

As shown in FIG1 and in combination with FIG2 to FIG3, a wind turbine blade anti-icing system includes an icing monitoring device 1 and a gas-heat deicing system 2, wherein the icing monitoring device 1 is connected to the gas-heat deicing system 2 via a communication signal, and the icing monitoring device 1 includes a microwave icing monitoring sensor 101, an ultrasonic wind meteorological sensor 102, a first communication component 103 and a first control unit 104, wherein the microwave icing monitoring sensor 101, the ultrasonic wind meteorological sensor 102 and the first communication component 103 are all connected to the first control unit 104, and the gas The thermal deicing system 2 includes a fan 201, a heater 202, a hot air duct 203, a second control unit 204 and a second communication component 205. The fan 201 supplies air to the hot air duct 203 through the heater 202. The hot air duct 203 is connected to the inner cavity of the blade. The fan 201, the heater 202 and the second communication component 205 are all connected to the second control unit 204. The first communication component 103 is connected to the second communication component 205. The first communication component 103 and the second communication component 205 are both connected to the control platform 3.

The beneficial effect of adopting further technical solutions is as follows: the data monitored by the icing monitoring device 1 is fed back to the gas-thermal deicing system 2 and the control platform 3 through the first communication component 103. The gas-thermal deicing system 2 starts the deicing work after receiving the deicing command. The control platform 3 receives the icing monitoring data to prompt the remote staff. The control platform 3 can also issue work instructions to the gas-thermal deicing system 2.

A layer of super hydrophobic coating 507 is coated on the surface of the fan blade 501 of the blade unit 5. The super hydrophobic coating 507 has a good hydrophobic effect on the fan blade 501, and can prevent ice water from covering the surface of the fan blade 501. The super hydrophobic coating 507 uses a hydrophobic and oleophobic nano-ceramic coating, which has a good super hydrophobic effect.

Furthermore, the microwave ice monitoring sensor 101 , the ultrasonic wind meteorological sensor 102 and the first communication component 103 are mounted on a mounting frame 4 , and the mounting frame 4 is mounted on a base 6 of the blade unit 5 .

Furthermore, a control box is installed on the mounting frame 4, the first control unit 104 is installed in the control box, a power supply battery 7 is installed in the control box, and the power supply battery 7 is connected to an external power supply.

Furthermore, the power supply includes a solar panel and a blade generator set power supply.

Furthermore, the fan 201 , heater 202 and hot air duct 203 are all installed in the hot air cavity 503 of the blade inner cavity 502 , the hot air duct 203 is connected to the reflux cavity 504 of the blade inner cavity 502 , and the reflux cavity 504 and the hot air cavity 503 are separated by a partition 506 .

Furthermore, a temperature and humidity sensor 505 is installed in the blade inner cavity 502 , and the temperature and humidity sensor 505 is connected to the second control unit 204 .

Furthermore, the second control unit 204 is connected to a power control box 8 , and the power control box 8 is installed at the root of the blade inner cavity 502 . The power control box 8 is externally connected to a main control cabinet 10 via a slip ring 9 .

Furthermore, the first communication component 103 and the second communication component 205 both include a 4G communication module, a 5G communication module, a Beidou communication module and a fiber optic communication module.

A variety of communication methods are used for information transmission, so that there is no delay in information transmission and the information of blade icing can be fed back in time; the configuration is flexible to meet the data transmission of each station's working conditions, especially Beidou communication, which can solve the monitoring of most signal-free points.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention is provided with an ice monitoring device 1 and a gas-thermal deicing system 2, the ice monitoring device 1 is used to monitor the ice condition of the fan blades 501, and at the same time monitor the meteorological information of the location where the fan is located to obtain information such as whether ice is going to form, and if ice is going to form, the information is fed back to the gas-thermal deicing system 2, and the gas-thermal deicing system 2 starts working in advance to prevent the fan blades 501 from being frozen, thereby achieving the purpose of anti-icing.

Conditions for starting the gas-heat deicing system: 1. When the microwave ice monitoring sensor 101 of the ice monitoring device 1 detects that the fan blade 501 is frozen (different object media have different resonance frequencies, microwave receiving, reflection and absorption frequencies. The microwave ice detection sensor emits microwaves. If there is ice on the surface of the fan blade 501, the microwave ice detection sensor will detect that the wave shape of the fan blade 501 has changed, that is, the surface of the fan blade 501 is frozen), the ice signal is fed back to the gas-heat deicing system 2 to start working.

2. The ultrasonic wind meteorological sensor 102 monitors the temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, and air pressure of the fan blades 501, and comprehensively judges whether ice is about to form based on this data (for example, if the humidity is very high and the temperature is below zero, it means that ice is about to form). If it is determined that ice is about to form, the ice information is fed back to the gas-heat deicing system 2 to start the deicing work.

3. The staff can also remotely control the gas-heat deicing system 2 through the control platform 3 according to the situation and send work instructions to the gas-heat deicing system 2 to perform deicing work.

Working principle: Its working process includes ice monitoring process and de-icing process;

The icing monitoring process is to use the icing monitoring device 1 to monitor icing, wherein the icing monitoring device 1 includes a microwave icing monitoring sensor 101 and an ultrasonic wind meteorological sensor 102. The microwave icing monitoring sensor 101 uses a microwave icing detection sensor to monitor the icing of the fan blades 501. If there is icing, the data information will be fed back to the control platform 3 and the gas-heat deicing system 2. The ultrasonic wind meteorological sensor 102 can monitor the temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, and air pressure, and feed back the data to the control platform 3 and the gas-heat deicing system 2. The control platform 3 and the gas-heat deicing system 2 make work instructions according to the icing monitoring results.

The deicing process is as follows: the gas-heat deicing system 2 starts working when receiving the working instruction from the ice monitoring device 1 or the control platform 3. During operation, the fan 201 and the heater 202 are started, and hot air is sent to the blade cavity 502 through the hot air duct 203 to heat the fan blade 501, thereby playing an anti-icing role.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also Including other elements not explicitly listed, or including elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "including a..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

The logic and/or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, which can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, apparatus or device (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, apparatus or device and execute instructions), or used in combination with these instruction execution systems, apparatuses or devices.

It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiments, a plurality of steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

It should be noted that, in the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

Claims (9)

A wind turbine blade anti-icing system, characterized in that it comprises an icing monitoring device (1) and a gas-heat deicing system (2), wherein the icing monitoring device (1) and the gas-heat deicing system (2) are connected via a communication signal, the icing monitoring device (1) comprises a microwave icing monitoring sensor (101), an ultrasonic wind meteorological sensor (102), a first communication component (103) and a first control unit (104), the microwave icing monitoring sensor (101), the ultrasonic wind meteorological sensor (102) and the first communication component (103) are all connected to the first control unit (104), the gas-heat deicing system (2) comprises a fan (201), a heater (202), a heat exchanger (103), and a first control unit (104). The invention relates to a wind duct (203), a second control unit (204) and a second communication component (205), wherein the fan (201) supplies air to the hot air duct (203) via a heater (202), the hot air duct (203) is communicated with an inner cavity of a blade, the fan (201), the heater (202) and the second communication component (205) are all connected to the second control unit (204), the first communication component (103) is connected to the second communication component (205), the first communication component (103) and the second communication component (205) are both connected to a control platform (3), and a layer of super-hydrophobic coating (507) is applied on the surface of a fan blade (501) of a blade unit (5). The wind turbine blade anti-icing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the super-hydrophobic coating (507) adopts a hydrophobic and oleophobic nano-ceramic coating. A wind turbine blade anti-icing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the microwave ice monitoring sensor (101), the ultrasonic wind meteorological sensor (102) and the first communication component (103) are installed on a mounting frame (4), and the mounting frame (4) is installed on a base (6) of the blade unit (5). A wind turbine blade anti-icing system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: a control box is installed on the mounting frame (4), the first control unit (104) is installed in the control box, a power supply battery (7) is installed in the control box, and the power supply battery (7) is connected to an external power supply. The wind turbine blade anti-icing system as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that the power supply includes a solar panel and a blade generator power supply. A wind turbine blade anti-icing system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the fan (201), the heater (202) and the hot air duct (203) are all installed in the hot air cavity (503) of the blade inner cavity (502), the hot air duct (203) is connected to the return cavity (504) of the blade inner cavity (502), and the return cavity (504) and the hot air cavity (503) are separated by a partition (506). A wind turbine blade anti-icing system according to claim 6, characterized in that a temperature and humidity sensor (505) is installed in the blade inner cavity (502), and the temperature and humidity sensor (505) is connected to the second control unit (204). A wind turbine blade anti-icing system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: the second control unit (204) is connected to a power control box (8), the power control box (8) is installed at the root position of the blade inner cavity (502), and the power control box (8) is externally connected to a main control cabinet (10) through a slip ring (9). A wind turbine blade anti-icing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the first communication component (103) and the second communication component (205) both include a 4G communication module, a 5G communication module, a Beidou communication module and a fiber optic communication module.