WO2024082034A1 - System for treating domestic sewage by biodigestion - Google Patents
System for treating domestic sewage by biodigestion Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024082034A1 WO2024082034A1 PCT/BR2022/050403 BR2022050403W WO2024082034A1 WO 2024082034 A1 WO2024082034 A1 WO 2024082034A1 BR 2022050403 W BR2022050403 W BR 2022050403W WO 2024082034 A1 WO2024082034 A1 WO 2024082034A1
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- biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
Definitions
- 1 - do not contaminate natural water sources, such as groundwater, cisterns, artesian wells and water spouts, and also sources of running water such as rivulets or streams, which serve other populations in their downstream and ebb areas.
- natural water sources such as groundwater, cisterns, artesian wells and water spouts, and also sources of running water such as rivulets or streams, which serve other populations in their downstream and ebb areas.
- the object of this Patent represents the results of financial investments in engineering and biodigestion research carried out by a specialized company, to develop a new, safer and more economical design of domestic sewage biodigesters, whose main characteristic is the dehydration of waste (sludge) produced in the pre-treatment stage, where the separated liquid is returned to the effluent treatment system and the dehydrated organic residue is removed and can be discarded.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view in partial section of the system of the present invention (1), in which the constitution of its parts is seen as well as the functional relationships of its various parts and which allows the understanding of the processes that occur in the several steps in the flow of liquids being treated within the system of the present invention (1).
- the domestic sewage pipe (7) before entering the system object of this patent, flows into the pre-treatment chamber (CPT), accessory to the system of the present invention (1), whose function is to remove sand, plastics, fragments of glass, metals and any other insoluble solid residues so that they do not accumulate at the bottom of the first chamber of the System, which would hinder its operation, and such solid residues, periodically removed from the bottom of the interior of the chamber, pre-treatment (CPT), are destined for solid urban waste (RUS) collection sites.
- CPT pre-treatment chamber
- RUS solid urban waste
- domestic effluents carried in an aqueous vehicle that enter the System are free from insoluble solid waste and also from fats, as these, if they enter the System, carry their own decomposing flora that competes with the decomposing biota, altering its operation and generating “scum” in all chambers of the In fact, scum, which is a supernatant phase in the form of semi-solid and permanent foam, which prevents the System from optimal behavior.
- the partition (11) therefore divides the first chamber (A) into two parts of the same volumes, which communicate through their lower parts; This causes the liquid effluents to be treated, released in the upper part of the first half of the first chamber (A), to be forced to descend until the end of the divider (11), when they then begin to move upwards through the interior of the second half ( B) from the first chamber (A), being that in these two paths — descending and ascending — percolate the surfaces of the biomass substrates (13), formed by bamboo stalks, Indian cane, cattails, corn stalks, etc., whose function is to support a biofilm of decomposing bacteria, whose colonies offer an immense area of contact with liquid effluents, which carry large amounts of organic matter.
- the first chamber (A), as well as the second chamber (C) and the third chamber (D) have diameters about 10 times larger than the diameter of the inlet tube (8), as well as the tubes (14), (17) and (20) which connect the four chambers of the system to each other;
- the basic notions of Hydraulics tell us that the speed of travel of the same volume of fluid inside two conductors of different diameters is inversely proportional to the square of the ratio between them.
- the first chamber (A) contains, inside, the tube (12) for suction, which runs from its upper and outer part to its base, ending at approximately 2% of its height and which serves for the forced aspiration of the first chamber (A), if it is invaded by insoluble solid materials in the event of their accidental invasion.
- suction tube (12) The presence of the suction tube (12) is essential for the recovery of the System in case of accidental invasion by insoluble solid waste, as the System works, most of the time, buried and would require a large amount of labor in its operation. recovery, which is prevented by the suction tube (12).
- (16) is intended to distribute incoming liquids in order to avoid clogging.
- the liquids being treated leave the third chamber (D) through the duct (20), placed in its upper part and are taken by this to the lower part of the fourth chamber, which constitutes the filter (24) and released inside the cone with holes (21), made of the same material as the filter (24) and slowly ascend inside the holes and channels formed by crushed stone (26), with a particle size of around 5 to 7 centimeters, with such crushed stone (26 ) can be made of granite or limestone, preferably dolomitic gravel and the function of its presence, in conjunction with the cone, is to destroy the flakes formed by dead microorganisms that begin to occur as the liquids being treated travel through the interior of the system, because while this occurs, there is a scarcity of organic matter in suspension, from which the biota is nourished and a large number of bacteria die.
- the treated liquids that leave the interior of the System through the duct (9), located in the upper part of the filter (24) are in accordance with CONAMA Class 2 and do not present turbidity, and can be routed through said duct (9 ) for the following destinations: - sewage network (R), springs (M) or sinks (S).
- the filter (24) has in its lower part the valve (22) through which, episodically, it can be washed, through injection, under pressure, of clean water from any source, which is collected — generally by suction carried out by cleaning teams' own equipment, and this Clean water injected there drags the sludge formed through the gravel (26) and filter walls (24) and takes them to the drying chamber (28).
- the drying chamber (28) basically consists of a cylinder placed vertically, with a volume that is about half the volume of the other chambers of the System and having an internal vertical division, made by a sieve plate (29) and is filled with dolomitic gravel number 3, and the water that leaves the lower part of this division of the drying chamber can go to the inlet tube (7) of the system, for reprocessing, and is therefore not released into the environment.
- the drying chamber (28) may have the characteristics of the drying chamber (100), which is composed of a container (101) comprising an inlet opening (102), an outlet opening (103) located at the end opposite the inlet and a mesh plate or screen (104) to allow the passage of liquid and retain solids.
- Figure 3 shows an example of an embodiment of the present invention, with a circular drying chamber (100).
- Figures 4 and 5 show views of an alternative embodiment, with a rectangular drying chamber (100), for larger volumes.
- Figure 6 shows a preferred position for coupling the drying chamber (100) to the system (1).
- the inlet opening (102) is preferably located close to the top of the container (101), while the outlet opening (103) is located close to the bottom of the container (101).
- the grid plate or screen (104) is preferably inclined to facilitate retention and dehydration of solids.
- the drying chamber (100) according to the present invention can be built into new pre-treatment equipment, being positioned in the last stage of the pre-treatment stage, and can also be adapted to pre-existing equipment, so that its installation and incorporation of the pretreatment process is easy.
- the drying chamber (28, 100) described above in its preferred embodiment is an independent and isolated element of the system (1), as it can be physically independent of it, such as, for example, being located in a position on the ground — since it is fed by clean water from an external source, injected into it under pressure, — or even belongs to periodic maintenance and cleaning vehicles and in this case, only one unit cleans the filters (24) of several installed Systems.
- the filter (24) is, preferably, constructed as a functional chamber and independent of the cylinder of which the System (1) consists, but being physically connected to it, although it can, just like the drying (28), be constructed independently and separately from it.
- the system (1) is constructed, preferably, in a single piece, in the form of a cylinder duly divided into chambers to operate horizontally, buried at level, as it internally has a difference in level of around 45 cm and is sealed by suitably removable lid, not shown in Figure 1.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
Description
SISTEMA DE TRATAMENTO DE ESGOTOS DOMÉSTICOS POR BIODIGESTÃO DOMESTIC SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEM BY BIODIGESTION
Campo da Invenção Field of Invention
[001 ] Higiene e Saúde Pública em tratamento de esgotos domésticos: economia de investimentos e custos operacionais em tratamentos de esgotos domésticos, e segurança ambiental em tratamento de esgotos domésticos.[001] Hygiene and Public Health in domestic sewage treatment: investment savings and operational costs in domestic sewage treatment, and environmental safety in domestic sewage treatment.
Estado da Técnica State of the Art
[002] Nos últimos anos, as pressões políticas e ambientais se tomaram mais agudas e se refletiram na necessidade de desenvolvimento de biodigestores de esgotos domésticos mais seguros, de menores custos e independentes de manutenção frequente, para atender pequenos grupos de populações não conectadas por redes de esgoto e água tratada, como as populações rurais e aquelas que se fixam nas periferias das cidades, em ocupação tão caótica do solo, que o sistema de fornecimento de água potável e coleta de esgotos domésticos são difíceis de ser implantados. [002] In recent years, political and environmental pressures have become more acute and have been reflected in the need to develop safer domestic sewage biodigesters, with lower costs and independent of frequent maintenance, to serve small groups of populations not connected by networks of sewage and treated water, such as rural populations and those who settle on the outskirts of cities, in such chaotic land occupation that the system for supplying drinking water and collecting domestic sewage is difficult to implement.
[003] O lançamento de esgotos domésticos diretamente à flor da terra é o último recurso de que dispõem as populações mais desassistidas e se constitui numa fonte de outros males, como propagação direta de doenças de transmissão hídrica ou como criadouro de helmintos e insetos vetores de doenças, o que em pouco tempo, vem onerar gravemente o sistema de saúde pública. [003] The release of domestic sewage directly into the earth is the last resort available to the most underserved populations and constitutes a source of other evils, such as the direct spread of waterborne diseases or as a breeding ground for helminths and insect vectors of diseases, which in a short time seriously burden the public health system.
[004] Administradores públicos de cidades buscadas por migrantes em busca de melhores condições de vida nas cidades têm estudado a idéia de equipamentos biodigestores de esgotos domésticos de mínimos portes, para atendimento de uma ou duas residências vizinhas, a operarem enterrados em mínimas frações das áreas ocupadas, sem gerar conflitos de vizinhos por mau uso de instalações comuns a muitas residências. [005] A solução que se avizinha é o poder municipal fornecer, instalar e fazer manutenção, por suas próprias custas, de biodigestores de mínimos portes, capazes de atender os moradores de tais áreas. [004] Public administrators of cities sought by migrants in search of better living conditions in the cities have studied the idea of minimal-sized domestic sewage biodigestion equipment, to serve one or two neighboring residences, to operate buried in minimum fractions of the areas occupied, without generating conflicts between neighbors due to misuse of facilities common to many residences. [005] The solution that lies ahead is for the municipal authorities to supply, install and maintain, at their own expense, minimum-sized biodigesters, capable of serving the residents of such areas.
[006] Os biodigestores aplicados nestas condições têm responsabilidades de: [006] Biodigesters applied under these conditions are responsible for:
1 - não contaminar as fontes naturais de água, tais como lençóis freáticos, cisternas, poços artesianos e bicas de água e, também, fontes de água corrente como regatos ou córregos, que atendem outras populações em suas jusantes e vazantes. 1 - do not contaminate natural water sources, such as groundwater, cisterns, artesian wells and water spouts, and also sources of running water such as rivulets or streams, which serve other populations in their downstream and ebb areas.
2 - devolver a água ao sistema hídrico natural em condições devidamente estabelecidas pelos diversos departamentos de governo que, no Brasil, concordam com o parâmetro técnico denominado de Classe 2, pelo CONAMA. 2 - return water to the natural water system under conditions duly established by the various government departments that, in Brazil, agree with the technical parameter called Class 2, by CONAMA.
[007] A disputa de tal mercado, pelos fabricantes de equipamentos com tais características, se faz pela constante introdução de inovações ligadas à eficiência dos biodigestores e à redução de custos de fabricação e instalação dos mesmos e pela concepção de sistemas que só necessitam de mínimos e raros custos de manutenção. [007] The competition for such a market, by manufacturers of equipment with such characteristics, is done by the constant introduction of innovations linked to the efficiency of biodigesters and the reduction of manufacturing and installation costs thereof and by the design of systems that only require minimum and rare maintenance costs.
[008] Pode-se dizer, então, que o Estado da Técnica se baseia em práticas e tecnologias muito antigas e de domínio público, aplicadas em condições que colecionam uma série de inovações feitas por pesquisadores e fabricantes, como é o caso do objeto desta Patente. [008] It can be said, then, that the State of the Art is based on very old practices and technologies in the public domain, applied in conditions that collect a series of innovations made by researchers and manufacturers, as is the case with the object of this Patent.
Avanços ao Estado da Técnica Advances in the State of the Art
[009] O objeto desta Patente representa os resultados dos investimentos financeiros em pesquisas de engenharia e biodigestão efetuados por uma empresa especializada, para desenvolver uma nova, mais segura e mais econômica concepção de biodigestores de esgotos domésticos, cujas principal característica é a desidratação do resíduo (lodo) produzido na etapa de pré- tratamento, onde o líquido separado é devolvido ao sistema de tratamento de efluentes e o resíduo orgânico desidratado é retirado, podendo ser descartado. Descrição, ilustrações e funcionamento [009] The object of this Patent represents the results of financial investments in engineering and biodigestion research carried out by a specialized company, to develop a new, safer and more economical design of domestic sewage biodigesters, whose main characteristic is the dehydration of waste (sludge) produced in the pre-treatment stage, where the separated liquid is returned to the effluent treatment system and the dehydrated organic residue is removed and can be discarded. Description, illustrations and operation
[0010] A Figura 1 é uma vista esquemática em corte parcial do sistema da presente invenção (1 ), no qual se vê a constituição de suas partes bem como as relações funcionais de suas diversas peças e que permite a compreensão dos processos que ocorrem nos diversos passos da marcha dos líquidos que estão sendo tratados no interior do sistema da presente invenção (1). [0010] Figure 1 is a schematic view in partial section of the system of the present invention (1), in which the constitution of its parts is seen as well as the functional relationships of its various parts and which allows the understanding of the processes that occur in the several steps in the flow of liquids being treated within the system of the present invention (1).
[0011 ] Nela vemos as diversas fontes geradoras de esgotos domésticos a serem tratadas, como pia de cozinha (2), pias de higiene corporal e tanque de lavagem de roupas (3), chuveiro (4) e vaso sanitário (5) que confluem para a tubulação do esgoto doméstico (7), com exceção dos efluentes oriundos da pia de cozinha (2) que antes de serem lançados na tubulação do esgoto doméstico (7) passam pela caixa de gordura (6), cujos resíduos sobrenadantes são periodicamente retirados pelos usuários e colocados nos locais de coleta de resíduos urbanos sólidos (RUS). [0011] In it we see the various sources that generate domestic sewage to be treated, such as the kitchen sink (2), body hygiene sinks and clothes washing tank (3), shower (4) and toilet (5) that converge to the domestic sewage pipe (7), with the exception of effluents from the kitchen sink (2) which, before being released into the domestic sewage pipe (7), pass through the grease trap (6), whose supernatant residues are periodically removed by users and placed in solid urban waste (RUS) collection sites.
[0012] A tubulação do esgoto doméstico (7), antes de entrar no sistema objeto desta patente deságua na câmara de pré-tratamento (CPT), acessória do sistema da presente invenção (1 ), cuja função é retirar areias, plásticos, fragmentos de vidro, metais e quaisquer outros resíduos sólidos insolúveis para que os mesmos não venham a se acumular no fundo da primeira câmara do Sistema, o que viria a dificultar seu funcionamento, sendo que tais resíduos sólidos, periodicamente retirados do fundo do interior da câmara de pré- tratamento (CPT), são destinados aos locais de coleta de resíduos urbanos sólidos (RUS). [0012] The domestic sewage pipe (7), before entering the system object of this patent, flows into the pre-treatment chamber (CPT), accessory to the system of the present invention (1), whose function is to remove sand, plastics, fragments of glass, metals and any other insoluble solid residues so that they do not accumulate at the bottom of the first chamber of the System, which would hinder its operation, and such solid residues, periodically removed from the bottom of the interior of the chamber, pre-treatment (CPT), are destined for solid urban waste (RUS) collection sites.
[0013] Assim, os efluentes domésticos carreados em veículo aquoso que entram no interior do Sistema são isentos de resíduos sólidos insolúveis e, também de gorduras, pois estas, se ingressarem no Sistema, carregam flora decompositora própria que compete com o biota decompositor, alterando o funcionamento do mesmo e gerando “escumas” em todas as câmaras do mesmo, escumas estas que são uma fase sobrenadante em forma de espuma semissólida e permanente, que afasta o Sistema de um comportamento ótimo. [0013] Thus, domestic effluents carried in an aqueous vehicle that enter the System are free from insoluble solid waste and also from fats, as these, if they enter the System, carry their own decomposing flora that competes with the decomposing biota, altering its operation and generating “scum” in all chambers of the In fact, scum, which is a supernatant phase in the form of semi-solid and permanent foam, which prevents the System from optimal behavior.
[0014] Os esgotos domésticos, isentos de gorduras e de sólidos insolúveis, penetram na parte superior da primeira câmara (A) do sistema (1 ), através do tubo de entrada (8), na primeira câmara (A) que é dividida ao meio, pela divisória (11) a qual, é fixada na cobertura desta primeira câmara (A) cuja altura de sua base fica a cerca de um décimo da altura total da câmara e é construída no mesmo material de construção do sistema (1 ) que pode ser fibra de vidro e/ou polímeros tais como PVC, PP e ou outros. [0014] Domestic sewage, free of fats and insoluble solids, penetrates the upper part of the first chamber (A) of the system (1), through the inlet tube (8), into the first chamber (A) which is divided into middle, by the divider (11) which is fixed to the cover of this first chamber (A) whose base height is approximately one tenth of the total height of the chamber and is built in the same construction material as the system (1) that it can be fiberglass and/or polymers such as PVC, PP and others.
[0015] A divisória (11 ) divide, portanto, a primeira câmara (A) em duas partes de mesmos volumes, que se comunicam por suas partes inferiores; isto faz com que os efluentes líquidos a serem tratados, lançados na parte superior da primeira metade da primeira câmara (A) sejam forçados a descer até o término da divisória (11), quando então passam a executar movimento ascendente pelo interior da segunda metade (B) da primeira câmara (A), sendo, que nestes dois trajetos — descendente e ascendente — percolam as superfícies dos substratos de biomassa (13), formados por colmos de bambus, canas-da-índia, taboas, caules de milho etc, cuja função é sustentar um biofilme de bactérias decompositoras, cujas colônias oferecem uma imensa área de contato com os efluentes líquidos, que carregam grandes quantidades de matérias orgânicas. [0015] The partition (11) therefore divides the first chamber (A) into two parts of the same volumes, which communicate through their lower parts; This causes the liquid effluents to be treated, released in the upper part of the first half of the first chamber (A), to be forced to descend until the end of the divider (11), when they then begin to move upwards through the interior of the second half ( B) from the first chamber (A), being that in these two paths — descending and ascending — percolate the surfaces of the biomass substrates (13), formed by bamboo stalks, Indian cane, cattails, corn stalks, etc., whose function is to support a biofilm of decomposing bacteria, whose colonies offer an immense area of contact with liquid effluents, which carry large amounts of organic matter.
[0016] Constituindo-se, assim, num dispositivo que, embora tão compacto, tenha uma área de atividade bioquímica muito extensa, portanto de grande atividade do biota decompositor o que, como veremos a seguir, de forma conjugada com a baixa velocidade de trânsito dos efluentes líquidos no interior do sistema da presente invenção, em função das inovações de sua construção, leva a uma redução de 12 horas de TDH-Tempo de Detenção Hidráulica dos biodigestores convencionais de mesmo volume, para um TDH de apenas 6 horas. [0017] A primeira câmara (A), bem como a segunda câmara (C) e a terceira câmara (D) têm diâmetros cerca de 10 vezes maiores que o diâmetro do tubo de entrada (8), bem como, também, dos tubos (14), (17) e (20) que ligam as quatro câmaras do sistema entre si; ora, as noções basilares de Hidráulica nos dizem que a velocidade de marcha de um mesmo volume de fluido no interior de dois condutores de diâmetros diferentes é inversamente proporcional ao quadrado da razão entre eles. [0016] Constituting, therefore, a device that, although so compact, has a very extensive area of biochemical activity, therefore of great activity of the decomposing biota which, as we will see below, in conjunction with the low transit speed of liquid effluents inside the system of the present invention, due to the innovations in its construction, leads to a reduction of 12 hours in TDH-Hydraulic Detention Time of conventional biodigesters of the same volume, to a TDH of just 6 hours. [0017] The first chamber (A), as well as the second chamber (C) and the third chamber (D) have diameters about 10 times larger than the diameter of the inlet tube (8), as well as the tubes (14), (17) and (20) which connect the four chambers of the system to each other; Now, the basic notions of Hydraulics tell us that the speed of travel of the same volume of fluid inside two conductors of different diameters is inversely proportional to the square of the ratio between them.
[0018] Assim, o lento trânsito dos efluentes no interior do sistema (1 ), em função de sua construção, realizado de forma ascendente e expondo os líquidos em tratamento a uma grande área de contato com os biofilmes de decompositoras, de forma levemente turbilhonante é que permite a redução de 50% do TDH do equipamento e leva às vantagens da presente invenção. [0018] Thus, the slow transit of effluents within the system (1), due to its construction, carried out in an ascending manner and exposing the liquids being treated to a large area of contact with decomposer biofilms, in a slightly swirling manner. is that it allows a 50% reduction in the TDH of the equipment and leads to the advantages of the present invention.
[0019] A primeira câmara (A) contém, em seu interior, o tubo (12) para aspiração, que vai de sua parte superior e externa até a sua base, terminando a cerca de 2% de sua altura e que serve para a aspiração forçada da primeira câmara (A), caso esta seja invadida por materiais sólidos insolúveis em caso de invasão acidental dos mesmos. [0019] The first chamber (A) contains, inside, the tube (12) for suction, which runs from its upper and outer part to its base, ending at approximately 2% of its height and which serves for the forced aspiration of the first chamber (A), if it is invaded by insoluble solid materials in the event of their accidental invasion.
[0020] A presença do tubo para aspiração (12) é fundamental para a recuperação do Sistema em caso de invasão acidental por resíduos sólidos insolúveis, pois o Sistema trabalha, na maioria das vezes, enterrado e demandaria grande quantidade de mão de obra em sua recuperação, o que é evitado pelo tubo de aspiração (12). [0020] The presence of the suction tube (12) is essential for the recovery of the System in case of accidental invasion by insoluble solid waste, as the System works, most of the time, buried and would require a large amount of labor in its operation. recovery, which is prevented by the suction tube (12).
[0021 ] Os líquidos em tratamento, já de composição diferente da dos líquidos que ingressaram no Sistema, saem da primeira câmara (A) pelo duto[0021] The liquids being treated, already with a different composition than the liquids that entered the System, leave the first chamber (A) through the duct
(14) colocado na parte superior da mesma e são levados por este até o aspersor (16) colocado na parte inferior do interior da segunda câmara (C), de onde iniciam o lento movimento ascensional em contato com substratos de biomassa(14) placed in the upper part of it and are taken by it to the sprinkler (16) placed in the lower part of the interior of the second chamber (C), from where they begin the slow upward movement in contact with biomass substrates
(15) colocados até cerca de 90% da altura da segunda câmara (C); o aspersor(15) placed up to approximately 90% of the height of the second chamber (C); the sprinkler
(16) destina-se a distribuir os líquidos que entram de forma a evitar entupimentos. [0022] Os líquidos em tratamento, já de composição diferente da dos líquidos que saíram da primeira câmara (A) pelo duto (14), saem desta segunda câmara (C) pelo duto (17), colocado na parte superior da mesma e são levados por este até o aspersor (18), colocado na parte inferior do interior da terceira câmara (D), de onde iniciam o lento movimento ascensional em contato com substratos de biomassa (19) colocados até cerca de 90% da altura da terceira câmara (D); o aspersor (18) destina-se a distribuir os líquidos que entram de forma a evitar entupimentos, sendo que o que se passa nesta terceira câmara é semelhante ao que se passou na anterior. (16) is intended to distribute incoming liquids in order to avoid clogging. [0022] The liquids being treated, already of a different composition than the liquids that left the first chamber (A) through the duct (14), leave this second chamber (C) through the duct (17), placed in the upper part thereof and are taken by this to the sprinkler (18), placed in the lower part of the interior of the third chamber (D), from where they begin the slow upward movement in contact with biomass substrates (19) placed up to approximately 90% of the height of the third chamber (D); the sprinkler (18) is intended to distribute the liquids that enter in order to avoid clogging, and what happens in this third chamber is similar to what happened in the previous one.
[0023] Os líquidos em tratamento deixam a terceira câmara (D) pelo duto (20), colocado em sua parte superior e são levados por este até a parte inferior da quarta câmara, que constitui o filtro (24) e lançados no interior do cone com orifícios (21 ), construído no mesmo material do filtro (24) e ascendem, lentamente, por dentro dos orifícios e canais formados por brita (26), de granulometria de cerca de 5 a 7 centímetros, sendo que tal brita (26) pode ser de granito ou calcário, preferencialmente brita dolomítica e a função da presença da mesma, conjugadamente com o cone, é destruir os flocos formados por microrganismos mortos que passam a ocorrer na medida em que os líquidos em tratamento percorrem o interior do sistema, pois enquanto isto ocorre escasseia a presenta de matéria orgânica em suspensão, dos quais o biota se nutre e grande quantidade de bactérias morre. [0023] The liquids being treated leave the third chamber (D) through the duct (20), placed in its upper part and are taken by this to the lower part of the fourth chamber, which constitutes the filter (24) and released inside the cone with holes (21), made of the same material as the filter (24) and slowly ascend inside the holes and channels formed by crushed stone (26), with a particle size of around 5 to 7 centimeters, with such crushed stone (26 ) can be made of granite or limestone, preferably dolomitic gravel and the function of its presence, in conjunction with the cone, is to destroy the flakes formed by dead microorganisms that begin to occur as the liquids being treated travel through the interior of the system, because while this occurs, there is a scarcity of organic matter in suspension, from which the biota is nourished and a large number of bacteria die.
[0024] Assim, os líquidos tratados que deixam o interior do Sistema pelo duto (9), localizado na parte superior do filtro (24) estão de acordo com a Classe 2 CONAMA e não apresentam turbidez, podendo ser encaminhados pelo referido duto (9) para as seguintes destinações: - rede de esgoto (R), mananciais (M) ou sumidouros (S). [0024] Thus, the treated liquids that leave the interior of the System through the duct (9), located in the upper part of the filter (24) are in accordance with CONAMA Class 2 and do not present turbidity, and can be routed through said duct (9 ) for the following destinations: - sewage network (R), springs (M) or sinks (S).
[0025] O filtro (24) tem em sua parte inferior a válvula (22) pela qual, episodicamente pode ser lavada, através de injeção, sobre pressão, de água limpa de qualquer fonte, a qual é recolhida — geralmente por aspiração executada por equipamento próprio das equipes de limpeza, sendo que esta agua limpa aí injetada, arrasta os Iodos formados por dentre a brita (26) e paredes do filtro (24) e os leva à câmara de secagem (28). [0025] The filter (24) has in its lower part the valve (22) through which, episodically, it can be washed, through injection, under pressure, of clean water from any source, which is collected — generally by suction carried out by cleaning teams' own equipment, and this Clean water injected there drags the sludge formed through the gravel (26) and filter walls (24) and takes them to the drying chamber (28).
[0026] A câmara de secagem (28), consiste basicamente em um cilindro colocado verticalmente, com volume que é cerca da metade do volume das outras câmaras do Sistema e possuindo uma divisão vertical interna, feita por uma placa crivosa (29) e é preenchida com brita dolomítica número 3, sendo que as águas que saem pela parte inferior desta divisão da câmara de secagem podem ir ou para o tubo de entrada (7), do sistema, para reprocessamento, não sendo, portanto lançadas ao meio ambiente. [0026] The drying chamber (28) basically consists of a cylinder placed vertically, with a volume that is about half the volume of the other chambers of the System and having an internal vertical division, made by a sieve plate (29) and is filled with dolomitic gravel number 3, and the water that leaves the lower part of this division of the drying chamber can go to the inlet tube (7) of the system, for reprocessing, and is therefore not released into the environment.
[0027] Em uma realização preferencial, a câmara de secagem (28) pode ter as características da câmara de secagem (100), que é composta de um recipiente (101 ) que compreende uma abertura de entrada (102), uma abertura de saída (103) localizada na extremidade oposta à entrada e uma placa gradeada ou tela (104) para permitir a passagem de líquido e reter sólidos. [0027] In a preferred embodiment, the drying chamber (28) may have the characteristics of the drying chamber (100), which is composed of a container (101) comprising an inlet opening (102), an outlet opening (103) located at the end opposite the inlet and a mesh plate or screen (104) to allow the passage of liquid and retain solids.
[0028] A Figura 3 mostra um exemplo de uma forma de realização da presente invenção, com uma câmara de secagem (100) circular. As Figuras 4 e 5 mostram vistas de uma realização alternativa, com uma câmara de secagem (100) retangular, para volumes maiores. A Figura 6 mostra uma posição preferida de acoplamento da câmara de secagem (100) ao sistema (1 ). [0028] Figure 3 shows an example of an embodiment of the present invention, with a circular drying chamber (100). Figures 4 and 5 show views of an alternative embodiment, with a rectangular drying chamber (100), for larger volumes. Figure 6 shows a preferred position for coupling the drying chamber (100) to the system (1).
[0029] A abertura de entrada (102) está preferencialmente localizada próxima ao topo do recipiente (101 ), enquanto a abertura de saída (103) está localizada próxima ao fundo do recipiente (101 ). A placa gradeada ou tela (104) está preferencialmente inclinada para facilitar a retenção e desidratação dos sólidos. [0029] The inlet opening (102) is preferably located close to the top of the container (101), while the outlet opening (103) is located close to the bottom of the container (101). The grid plate or screen (104) is preferably inclined to facilitate retention and dehydration of solids.
[0030] A câmara de secagem (100) de acordo com a presente invenção pode ser construída em novos equipamentos de pré-tratamento, sendo posicionada no último estágio da etapa de pré-tratamento, como pode também ser adaptada para equipamentos pré-existentes, de modo que sua instalação e incorporação do processo de pré-tratamento é fácil. [0031 ] A câmara de secagem (28, 100) acima descrita em sua realização preferida, é um elemento independente e isolado do sistema (1 ), pois pode ser fisicamente independente deste, como, por exemplo, ser situada em posição sobre o solo — uma vez que é alimentada por água limpa de fonte externa, nela injetada sob pressão, — ou mesmo pertencer aos veículos de manutenção e limpeza periódica e no caso, apenas uma unidade fazer as limpezas de filtros (24) de vários Sistemas instalados. [0030] The drying chamber (100) according to the present invention can be built into new pre-treatment equipment, being positioned in the last stage of the pre-treatment stage, and can also be adapted to pre-existing equipment, so that its installation and incorporation of the pretreatment process is easy. [0031] The drying chamber (28, 100) described above in its preferred embodiment, is an independent and isolated element of the system (1), as it can be physically independent of it, such as, for example, being located in a position on the ground — since it is fed by clean water from an external source, injected into it under pressure, — or even belongs to periodic maintenance and cleaning vehicles and in this case, only one unit cleans the filters (24) of several installed Systems.
[0032] Da mesma forma, o filtro (24) é, preferencialmente, construído como câmara funcional e independente do cilindro em que se consiste no Sistema (1 ), mas sendo a este ligada fisicamente, embora possa, também tal como a câmara de secagem (28), ser construída independentemente e à parte do mesmo. [0032] Likewise, the filter (24) is, preferably, constructed as a functional chamber and independent of the cylinder of which the System (1) consists, but being physically connected to it, although it can, just like the drying (28), be constructed independently and separately from it.
[0033] O sistema (1 ) é construído, preferencialmente, em peça única, em forma de cilindro devidamente dividido em câmaras para operar horizontalmente, enterrado em nível, pois, o mesmo possui internamente um desnível de cerca de 45 cm e é lacrado por tampa removível, de forma adequada, não mostrada na Figura 1 . [0033] The system (1) is constructed, preferably, in a single piece, in the form of a cylinder duly divided into chambers to operate horizontally, buried at level, as it internally has a difference in level of around 45 cm and is sealed by suitably removable lid, not shown in Figure 1.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BR2022/050403 WO2024082034A1 (en) | 2022-10-19 | 2022-10-19 | System for treating domestic sewage by biodigestion |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BR2022/050403 WO2024082034A1 (en) | 2022-10-19 | 2022-10-19 | System for treating domestic sewage by biodigestion |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2024082034A1 true WO2024082034A1 (en) | 2024-04-25 |
Family
ID=90736465
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/BR2022/050403 Ceased WO2024082034A1 (en) | 2022-10-19 | 2022-10-19 | System for treating domestic sewage by biodigestion |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2024082034A1 (en) |
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