WO2024079983A1 - メッシュ復号装置、メッシュ復号方法及びプログラム - Google Patents
メッシュ復号装置、メッシュ復号方法及びプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three-dimensional [3D] modelling for computer graphics
- G06T17/20—Finite element generation, e.g. wire-frame surface description, tesselation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T9/00—Image coding
- G06T9/001—Model-based coding, e.g. wire frame
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/44—Decoders specially adapted therefor, e.g. video decoders which are asymmetric with respect to the encoder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N19/513—Processing of motion vectors
- H04N19/517—Processing of motion vectors by encoding
- H04N19/52—Processing of motion vectors by encoding by predictive encoding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/503—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving temporal prediction
- H04N19/51—Motion estimation or motion compensation
- H04N19/537—Motion estimation other than block-based
- H04N19/54—Motion estimation other than block-based using feature points or meshes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
- H04N19/597—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
- H04N19/85—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression
- H04N19/88—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using pre-processing or post-processing specially adapted for video compression involving rearrangement of data among different coding units, e.g. shuffling, interleaving, scrambling or permutation of pixel data or permutation of transform coefficient data among different blocks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mesh decoding device, a mesh encoding device, a mesh decoding method, and a program.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for encoding meshes using Non-Patent Document 2.
- the conventional technology has a problem in that the efficiency of motion vector encoding is low due to overlapping vertices that exist in the decoded base mesh.
- the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a mesh decoding device, mesh encoding device, mesh decoding method, and program that can improve the efficiency of mesh encoding.
- the first feature of the present invention is that it is a mesh decoding device that includes an alignment unit that combines overlapping vertices, which are multiple vertices with the same coordinates in a decoded base mesh, into a single vertex and then rearranges them in a predetermined order.
- the second feature of the present invention is a mesh decoding method that includes a step of combining overlapping vertices, which are multiple vertices that have the same coordinates for the decoded base mesh, into a single vertex and then rearranging them in a predetermined order.
- the third feature of the present invention is a program that causes a computer to function as a mesh decoding device, the mesh decoding device being provided with an alignment unit that combines overlapping vertices, which are multiple vertices whose coordinates are the same for a decoded base mesh, into a single vertex and then rearranges them in a predetermined order.
- the present invention provides a mesh decoding device, a mesh encoding device, a mesh decoding method, and a program that can improve mesh encoding efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a mesh processing system 1 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of functional blocks of a mesh decoding device 200 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram showing an example of a base mesh and a subdivision mesh.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing an example of a base mesh and a subdivision mesh.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a syntax configuration of a basic mesh bit stream.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a syntax configuration of the BPH.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of functional blocks of the basic mesh decoding unit 202 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of functional blocks of the intra-decoding unit 202B of the basic mesh decoding unit 202 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the arrangement unit 202B2 of the intra-decoding unit 202B of the basic mesh decoding unit 202 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example of the operation of the arrangement unit 202B2 of the intra-decoding unit 202B of the basic mesh decoding unit 202 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the correspondence between the vertices of the basic mesh of a P frame and the vertices of the basic mesh of an I frame.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of functional blocks of the inter decoding unit 202E of the basic mesh decoding unit 202 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of functional blocks of the basic mesh decoding unit 202 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing vertices of a base mesh in a reference frame having multiple motion vectors.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for calculating the MVP of a vertex to be decoded by the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 of the inter decoding unit 202E of the basic mesh decoding unit 202 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 15 shows a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 of the inter decoding unit 202E of the basic mesh decoding unit 202 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of functional blocks of the subdivision unit 203 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of functional blocks of a basic mesh subdivision unit 203A of the subdivision unit 203 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for dividing a basic surface by the basic surface dividing unit 203A5 of the basic mesh subdivision unit 203A of the subdivision unit 203 in the mesh decoding device 200 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the basic mesh subdivision unit 203A of the subdivision unit 203 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of functional blocks of a subdivision mesh adjustment unit 203B of the subdivision unit 203 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of a case in which an edge division point on a basic surface ABC is moved by the edge division point moving unit 701 of the subdivision mesh adjustment unit 203B of the subdivision unit 203 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to one embodiment.
- Figure 22 is a diagram showing an example of a case in which subdivision surface X within a base surface is re-subdivided by the subdivision surface division unit 702 of the subdivision mesh adjustment unit 203B of the subdivision unit 203 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to one embodiment.
- Figure 23 is a diagram showing an example of a case in which all subdivision surfaces are re-subdivided by the subdivision surface division unit 702 of the subdivision mesh adjustment unit 203B of the subdivision unit 203 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of functional blocks of the displacement amount decoding unit 206 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to one embodiment (when inter prediction is performed in the spatial domain).
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a displacement amount bit stream.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of a syntax configuration of a DPS.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing an example of a syntax configuration of the DPH.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating an example of a correspondence relationship between subdivision vertices between a reference frame and a current frame to be decoded when inter prediction is performed in the spatial domain.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example of functional blocks of the displacement amount decoding unit 206 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to one embodiment (when inter prediction is performed in the frequency domain).
- FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an example of a frequency correspondence relationship between a reference frame and a current frame to be decoded when inter prediction is performed in the frequency domain.
- FIG. 31 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the displacement amount decoding unit 206 of the mesh decoding device 200 according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing an example of functional blocks of the displacement amount decoding unit 206 according to the first modification.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing an example of functional blocks of the displacement amount decoding unit 206 according to the second modification.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a mesh processing system 1 according to this embodiment.
- the mesh processing system 1 includes a mesh encoding device 100 and a mesh decoding device 200.
- the mesh decoding device 200 includes a demultiplexing unit 201, a basic mesh decoding unit 202, a subdivision unit 203, a mesh decoding unit 204, a patch integration unit 205, a displacement amount decoding unit 206, and an image decoding unit 207.
- the basic mesh decoding unit 202, the subdivision unit 203, the mesh decoding unit 204, and the displacement amount decoding unit 206 are configured to perform processing in units of patches into which the mesh is divided, and the results of this processing may then be integrated by the patch integration unit 205.
- the mesh is divided into patch 1, which is made up of base faces 1 and 2, and patch 2, which is made up of base faces 3 and 4.
- the demultiplexing unit 201 is configured to separate the multiplexed bit stream into a basic mesh bit stream, a displacement amount bit stream, and a texture bit stream.
- the base mesh decoding unit 202 is configured to decode the base mesh bitstream and generate and output base meshes.
- the base mesh is composed of multiple vertices in three-dimensional space and edges connecting these multiple vertices.
- the basic mesh is constructed by combining basic faces represented by three vertices.
- the base mesh decoding unit 202 may be configured to decode the base mesh bitstream using, for example, Draco as shown in Non-Patent Document 2.
- the base mesh decoding unit 202 may also be configured to generate "subdivision_method_id" (described below) as control information that controls the type of subdivision method.
- control information decoded by the basic mesh decoding unit 202 will be explained with reference to Figures 4 and 5.
- Figure 4 shows an example of the syntax configuration of a basic mesh bitstream.
- the base mesh bitstream may include a base patch header (BPH), which is a collection of control information corresponding to a base mesh patch.
- BPH base patch header
- the base mesh bitstream may include, following the BPH, base mesh patch data that encodes the base mesh patch.
- the basic mesh bitstream is configured so that one BPH corresponds to each patch data.
- the configuration in FIG. 4 is merely an example, and elements other than those described above may be added as components of the basic mesh bitstream, as long as each patch data corresponds to a BPH.
- the basic mesh bit stream may include an SPS (Sequence Parameter Set), an FH (Frame Header) which is a collection of control information corresponding to a frame, or an MH (Mesh Header) which is control information corresponding to a mesh.
- SPS Sequence Parameter Set
- FH Fram Header
- MH Mesh Header
- Figure 5 shows an example of the syntax configuration of a BPH.
- the syntax functions are similar, different syntax names may be used in addition to the syntax mates shown in Figure 5.
- the Description column indicates how each syntax is coded. Also, ue(v) indicates an unsigned zeroth-order exponential Golomb code, and u(n) indicates an n-bit flag.
- the BPH includes at least a control signal (mdu_face_count_minus1) that specifies the number of base faces contained in the base mesh patch.
- the BPH also includes at least a control signal (mdu_subdivision_method_id) that specifies the type of subdivision method for the base mesh for each base patch.
- the BPH may include a control signal (mdu_max_depth) for identifying an upper limit on the number of recursive subdivisions to be performed for each base mesh patch when recursively generating the number of subdivisions of the base surface.
- mdu_max_depth a control signal for identifying an upper limit on the number of recursive subdivisions to be performed for each base mesh patch when recursively generating the number of subdivisions of the base surface.
- the basic mesh decoding unit 202 includes a separation unit 202A, an intra decoding unit 202B, a mesh buffer unit 202C, a connection information decoding unit 202D, and an inter decoding unit 202E.
- the separation unit 202A is configured to classify the basic mesh bit stream into an I frame (reference frame) bit stream and a P frame bit stream.
- the intra decoder 202B is configured to decode the vertex coordinates and connection information of the I frame from the bit stream of the I frame using, for example, Draco described in Non-Patent Document 2.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of the functional blocks of the intra decoder 202B.
- the intra decoding unit 202B has an arbitrary intra decoding unit 202B1 and an alignment unit 202B2.
- the arbitrary intra-decoding unit 202B1 is configured to decode the coordinates and connection information of the unordered vertices of the I-frame from the bit stream of the I-frame using any method including Draco described in Non-Patent Document 2.
- the sorting unit 202B2 is configured to output vertices by sorting the unordered vertices into a predetermined order.
- the predetermined order may be, for example, the Morton code order or the raster scan order.
- the alignment unit 202B2 may also group together overlapping vertices, which are multiple vertices with the same coordinates in the decoded base mesh, into a single vertex and then rearrange them in a predetermined order.
- step S101 the sorting unit 202B2 determines the list of overlapping vertices described above. That is, the sorting unit 202B2 determines the list of overlapping vertices that exist in the decoded base mesh.
- the sorting unit 202B2 determines the list of overlapping vertices that exist in the decoded base mesh.
- at least two methods for determining such a list of overlapping vertices are assumed.
- Determination method 1 For example, in determination method 1, the organizing unit 202B2 is configured to decode the above-mentioned list of overlapping vertices from the bitstream of an I frame.
- the sorting unit 202B2 decodes a flag indicating whether or not there is a duplicate vertex from the bit stream of the I frame.
- the sorting unit 202B2 decodes the number D of duplicate vertices.
- the sorting unit 202B2 decodes pairs of vertex indexes A(k) and B(k) that exist as overlapping vertices one by one from the I frame bit stream and stores them in a specific buffer.
- the list of such pairs is stored in the above-mentioned specific buffer in the order of A(k) ⁇ B(k).
- the sorting unit 202B2 empties the above specific buffer.
- Determination method 1 is expected to have the effect of avoiding an increase in the amount of calculations because no calculations are performed.
- the organizing unit 202B2 is configured to calculate a list of overlapping vertices by searching for overlapping vertices in the decoded base mesh.
- the sorting unit 202B2 searches for the indexes of vertices with matching coordinates (duplicate vertices) from the geometric information of the decoded base mesh and stores them in a buffer.
- the input to the sorting unit 202B2 is the index (in decoding order) and position coordinates of each vertex of the decoded base mesh
- the output from the sorting unit 202B2 is a list of pairs of vertex indices A(k) and B(k) that exist as overlapping vertices.
- this list of pairs is saved in the above-mentioned specific buffer in the order A(k) ⁇ B(k).
- Decision method 2 is expected to have the effect of avoiding an increase in the bit rate because no data is taken from the bitstream.
- step S102 the sorting unit 202B2 updates the mesh based on the overlapping vertices.
- the sorting unit 202B2 merges all or part of the overlapping vertices and updates the Connectivity, as shown in FIG. 9.
- Method 1 For example, in the implementation method 1, the organizing unit 202B2 processes all overlapping vertices stored in the specific buffer in the above-mentioned step S101.
- the sorting unit 202B2 sequentially switches the index of the vertex A(k) to B(k) in the Connectivity. However, if there is an index of the UV coordinates in the Connectivity, the sorting unit 202B2 does not need to change that index.
- Method 2 the sorting unit 202B2 decodes from the bit stream information relating to duplicate vertices that are not to be processed (vertices that do not need to be processed) among the duplicate vertices stored in the specific buffer in the above-mentioned step S101, integrates the duplicate vertices other than the duplicate vertices that are not to be processed, and updates the Connectivity.
- the sorting unit 202B2 decodes a flag indicating the presence or absence of vertices that will not be processed (duplicate vertices) from the bit stream.
- the sorting unit 202B2 decodes the number N of vertices that do not need to be processed.
- the sorting unit 202B2 deletes the pair containing A(k) or the kth pair from among the pairs of overlapping vertices stored in the specific buffer in step S101 described above.
- the sorting unit 202B2 implements the above-mentioned implementation method 1 using the specific buffer that was last updated.
- the mesh buffer unit 202C is configured to accumulate the coordinates and connection information of the vertices of the I frame decoded by the intra-decoding unit 202B.
- a specific buffer may be provided to store pairs of vertex indexes A(k) and B(k) of overlapping vertices in a predetermined order.
- connection information decoding unit 202D is configured to convert the connection information of the I frame extracted from the mesh buffer unit 202C into connection information of the P frame.
- the inter-decoding unit 202E is configured to decode the coordinates of the vertices of the P frame by adding the coordinates of the vertices of the I frame extracted from the mesh buffer unit 202C to the motion vectors decoded from the bit stream of the P frame.
- the inter-decoding unit 202E can adjust the index of the vertex of the P frame using the pair of vertex indexes A(k) and B(k) that exist as overlapping vertices stored in the specific buffer.
- the motion vector decoded by the inter decoding unit 202E is a difference vector between the coordinates of the vertices of the base mesh of the P frame and the coordinates of the vertices of the base mesh of the I frame.
- the inter decoding unit 202E may be configured to calculate the index or coordinate of a vertex to be increased in the base mesh of the inter frame to be decoded, based on the vertices of the base mesh of a reference frame having multiple motion vectors.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of functional blocks of the inter decoding unit 202E.
- the inter-decoding unit 202E has a motion vector residual decoding unit 202E1, a motion vector buffer unit 202E2, a motion vector prediction unit 202E3, a motion vector calculation unit 202E4, and an adder 202E5.
- the base mesh decoding unit 202 may have an additional vertex calculation unit 202E10 before the inter decoding unit 202E, as shown in FIG. 12.
- the additional vertex calculation unit 202E10 is configured to calculate the index of a vertex to be increased in the basic mesh of the inter frame to be decoded, based on the vertices of the basic mesh of the reference frame having multiple motion vectors.
- FIG. 13 also shows the vertices of a base mesh in a reference frame with multiple motion vectors as described above.
- the additional vertex calculation unit 202E10 decodes from the bitstream the index of the vertex to be increased in the base mesh of the interframe to be decoded, based on the vertices of the base mesh of the reference frame having multiple motion vectors.
- the additional vertex calculation unit 202E10 decodes a flag from the bitstream that indicates whether or not there is a vertex of the base mesh of a reference frame that has multiple motion vectors that do not require processing.
- the additional vertex calculation unit 202E10 decodes the number N of vertices to be increased in the basic mesh of the interframe to be decoded, using the vertices of the basic mesh of the reference frame that has multiple motion vectors and does not require processing.
- the additional vertex calculation unit 202E10 adds one vertex to the basic mesh of the interframe to be decoded using a vertex of the basic mesh of the reference frame having two motion vectors, and adds two vertices to the basic mesh of the interframe to be decoded using a vertex of the basic mesh of the reference frame having three motion vectors.
- the additional vertex calculation unit 202E10 decodes pairs of the index A(k) of the vertex to be added in the base mesh of the interframe to be decoded and the corresponding index B(k) of the vertex of the base mesh of the reference frame that does not require processing or the order k of the index B(k) one by one, and stores them in the above-mentioned specific buffer.
- k 1, 2, ..., N.
- the additional vertex calculation unit 202E10 empties the specific buffer.
- the additional vertex calculation unit 202E10 deletes the pair including A(k) or the kth pair from among the pairs of overlapping vertices stored in the specific buffer in the above-mentioned step S101.
- the motion vector residual decoding unit 202E1 is configured to generate a motion vector residual (MVR) from the P frame bitstream.
- MVR motion vector residual
- MVR is the motion vector residual indicating the difference between MV (Motion Vector) and MVP (Motion Vector Prediction).
- MV is the difference vector (motion vector) between the coordinates of the corresponding vertex in the I frame and the coordinates of the vertex in the P frame.
- MVP is the predicted value of the MV of the target vertex using MV (motion vector prediction value).
- the motion vector buffer unit 202E2 is configured to sequentially store the MVs output by the motion vector calculation unit 202E4.
- the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 is configured to obtain the decoded MVs from the motion vector buffer unit 202E2 for the vertices connected to the vertex to be decoded, and output the MVP of the vertex to be decoded using all or part of the obtained decoded MVs, as shown in FIG. 14.
- the motion vector calculation unit 202E4 is configured to add the MVR generated by the motion vector residual decoding unit 202E1 and the MVP output from the motion vector prediction unit 202E3, and output the MV of the vertex to be decoded.
- the adder 202E5 is configured to add the coordinates of the vertex corresponding to the vertex to be decoded, which is obtained from the decoded base mesh of the corresponding I frame (reference frame), to the motion vector MV output from the motion vector calculation unit 202E3, and output the coordinates of the vertex to be decoded.
- FIG. 15 shows a flowchart illustrating an example of the operation of the motion vector prediction unit 202E3.
- step S1001 the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 sets MVP and N to 0.
- step S1002 the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 obtains a set of MVs of vertices around the vertex to be decoded from the motion vector buffer unit 202E2, identifies vertices for which subsequent processing has not been completed, and transitions to No. If subsequent processing has been completed for all vertices, transitions to Yes.
- step S1003 if the MV of the vertex to be processed has not been decoded, the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 transitions to No, and if the MV of the vertex to be processed has been decoded, the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 transitions to Yes.
- step S1004 the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 adds MV to MVP and adds 1 to N.
- step S1005 if N is greater than 0, the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 outputs the result of dividing MVP by N, and if N is 0, it outputs 0 and ends the process.
- the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 is configured to output the MVP to be decoded by averaging the decoded motion vectors of the vertices around the vertex to be decoded.
- the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 may be configured to set the MVP to 0 if the set of decoded motion vectors is an empty set.
- the motion vector calculation unit 202E4 may be configured to calculate the MV of the vertex to be decoded from the MVP output by the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 and the MVR generated by the motion vector residual decoding unit 202E1 using equation (1).
- MV(k) MVP(k)+MVR(k) ... (1) where k is the index of the vertex.
- MV, MVR and MVP are vectors with x, y and z components.
- MVP is used to encode only MVR instead of MV, which is expected to improve encoding efficiency.
- the adder 202E5 is configured to calculate the coordinates of a vertex by adding the MV of the vertex calculated by the motion vector calculation unit 202E4 to the coordinates of the vertex in the reference frame corresponding to the vertex, and to keep the connectivity information (Connectivity) in the reference frame.
- the adder 202E5 may be configured to calculate the coordinate v' i (k) of the k-th vertex using equation (2).
- v'i (k) v'j (k)+MV(k)... (2)
- v'i (k) is the coordinate of the kth vertex to be decoded in the frame to be decoded
- v'j (k) is the coordinate of the kth vertex decoded in the reference frame
- the adder 202E5 uses formula (2) for the first motion vector, but uses formula (3) instead of formula (2) for the second and subsequent u-th motion vectors.
- connection information of the frame to be decoded is made the same as the connection information of the reference frame.
- the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 calculates the MVP using decoded MVs, so the order of decoding affects the MVP.
- the order of such decoding is the order in which the vertices of the base mesh in the reference frame are decoded.
- the decoding method uses a fixed repeating pattern to increase the number of base faces one by one from the starting edge, the order of the vertices of the decoded base mesh is determined during the decoding process.
- the motion vector prediction unit 202E3 may use an edgebreaker to determine the order in which vertices are decoded in the base mesh of the reference frame.
- MVs from a reference frame are encoded instead of vertex coordinates, which is expected to improve encoding efficiency.
- the subdivision unit 203 is configured to generate and output added subdivision vertices and their connection information from the basic mesh decoded by the basic mesh decoding unit 202 using a subdivision method indicated by the control information.
- the base mesh the added subdivision vertices, and their connection information are collectively referred to as the "subdivision mesh.”
- the subdivision unit 202 is configured to identify the type of subdivision method from the subdivision_method_id, which is control information generated by decoding the basic mesh bitstream.
- the subdivision unit 202 will be described below with reference to Figures 3A and 3B.
- Figures 3A and 3B are diagrams for explaining an example of the operation of generating subdivision vertices from a base mesh.
- Figure 3A shows an example of a base mesh consisting of five vertices.
- the subdivision may be performed, for example, using the mid-edge division method, which connects the midpoints of each edge of each basic face. This results in a basic face being divided into four faces.
- Figure 3B shows an example of a subdivision mesh that is generated by dividing a base mesh consisting of five vertices.
- eight subdivision vertices (white circles) have been generated in addition to the original five vertices (black circles).
- a different subdivision method may be applied to each patch. This allows the displacement amount decoded by the displacement amount decoding unit 206 to be adaptively changed for each patch, which is expected to improve coding performance.
- Information on the divided patch is received as patch_id, which is control information.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of the functional blocks of the subdivision unit 203.
- the subdivision unit 203 has a basic mesh subdivision unit 203A and a subdivision mesh adjustment unit 203B.
- the basic mesh subdivision unit 203A is configured to calculate the number of divisions (number of subdivisions) for each basic surface and basic patch based on the input basic mesh and division information of the basic mesh, subdivide the basic mesh based on the number of divisions, and output the subdivision surface.
- the basic mesh subdivision unit 203A may be configured to be able to change the above-mentioned number of divisions on a basic surface and basic patch basis.
- a base face is a face that makes up a base mesh
- a base patch is a collection of several base faces.
- the base mesh subdivision unit 203A may also be configured to predict the number of fine subdivisions of the base surface and calculate the number of subdivisions of the base surface by adding the predicted subdivision number residual to the predicted number of subdivisions of the base surface.
- the base mesh subdivision unit 203A may also be configured to calculate the number of subdivisions of a base surface based on the number of subdivisions of adjacent base surfaces of the base surface.
- the base mesh subdivision unit 203A may also be configured to calculate the number of subdivisions of a base surface based on the number of subdivisions of the base surface that was previously accumulated.
- the basic mesh subdivision unit 203A may also be configured to generate vertices that divide the three sides that make up the basic surface, and to subdivide the basic surface by connecting the generated vertices.
- the basic mesh subdivision unit 203A is followed by 203B, which includes a subdivision mesh adjustment unit, as described below.
- FIG. 17 shows an example of the functional blocks of the basic mesh subdivision unit 203A
- FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the basic mesh subdivision unit 203A.
- the basic mesh subdivision unit 203A has a basic surface division number buffer unit 203A1, a basic surface division number reference unit 203A2, a basic surface division number prediction unit 203A3, an addition unit 203A4, and a basic surface division unit 203A5.
- the basic surface division number buffer unit 203A1 stores division information of basic surfaces, including the division number of the basic surface, and is configured to output the division information of the basic surface to the basic surface division number reference unit 203A2.
- the size of the basic surface division number buffer unit 203A1 may be set to 1, and the unit may be configured to output the most recently accumulated basic surface division number to the basic surface division number reference unit 203A2.
- the size of the basic surface division number buffer unit 203A1 may be configured to refer only to the last decoded fine division number (the subdivision number decoded immediately before).
- the basic surface division number reference unit 203A2 is configured to output a reference not possible to the basic surface division number prediction unit 203A3 if there is no adjacent basic surface to the basic surface to be decoded, or if there is an adjacent basic surface to the basic surface to be decoded but the division number has not been determined.
- the basic face division number reference unit 203A2 is configured to output the number of divisions to the basic face division number prediction unit 203A3.
- the basic surface division number prediction unit 203A3 is configured to predict the division number (number of subdivisions) of a basic surface based on one or more input division numbers, and output the predicted division number (predicted division number) to the addition unit 203A4.
- the basic surface division number prediction unit 203A3 is configured to output 0 to the addition unit 203A4 if only reference impossible is input from the basic surface division number reference unit 203A2.
- the basic surface division number prediction unit 203A3 may be configured to generate a predicted division number using any of the statistical values such as the average value, maximum value, minimum value, or mode of the input division numbers.
- the basic face division number prediction unit 203A3 may be configured to generate the division number of the most adjacent face as the predicted division number when one or more division numbers are input.
- the addition unit 203A4 is configured to output the division number obtained by adding the prediction division number residual decoded from the prediction residual bit stream and the prediction division number obtained from the basic surface division number prediction unit 203A3 to the basic surface division unit 203A5.
- the basic surface division unit 203A5 is configured to subdivide the basic surface based on the division number input from the addition unit 203A4.
- FIG. 18 shows an example of a case where a basic surface is divided into nine parts. The method of dividing a basic surface by the basic surface division unit 203A5 will be explained with reference to FIG. 18.
- the basic surface division unit 203A5 divides sides BC and CA into N equal parts, generating points B_1, ..., B_(N-1), C_1, ..., C_(N-1), respectively.
- step S2201 it is determined whether the subdivision process for the last base face is complete. If the process is complete, the process ends. If not, the process proceeds to step S2202.
- step S2202 the basic mesh subdivision unit 203A determines whether Depth ⁇ mdu_max_depth.
- Depth is a variable that represents the current depth, with an initial value of 0, and mdu_max_depth represents the maximum depth determined for each base surface.
- step S2202 If the condition in step S2202 is met, the process proceeds to step S2203; if the condition is not met, the process returns to step S2201.
- step S2203 the base mesh subdivision unit 203A determines whether mdu_subdivision_flag at the current depth is 1 or not.
- step S2204 the base mesh subdivision unit 203A further subdivides all subdivision surfaces within the base surface.
- the base mesh subdivision unit 203A subdivides the base surface.
- the subdivision method is the same as that described in step S2204.
- a basic face has never been subdivided, the basic face is subdivided as shown in Fig. 18. If the basic face has been subdivided at least once, the subdivision face is subdivided into N2 faces. Taking Fig. 18 as an example, a face consisting of vertices A_2, B, and B_1 is further divided in the same way as when dividing the basic face to generate N2 faces.
- step S2205 the base mesh subdivision unit 203A adds 1 to Depth, and the process returns to step S2202.
- Figure 20 shows an example of the functional blocks of the fine division mesh adjustment unit 203B.
- the subdivision mesh adjustment unit 203B has an edge division point moving unit 701 and a subdivision surface division unit 702.
- the edge division point moving unit 701 is configured to move an edge division point of a basic face to any of the edge division points of an adjacent basic face for an input initial subdivision face, and output a subdivision face.
- FIG. 21 shows an example of moving an edge division point on base face ABC.
- the edge division point moving unit 701 may be configured to move the edge division point of base face ABC to the edge division point of the nearest adjacent base face.
- the subdivision surface division unit 702 is configured to re-subdivide the input subdivision surface and output a composite subdivision surface.
- Figure 22 shows an example of a case where subdivision is performed again on subdivision surface X within a base surface.
- the subdivision surface division unit 702 may be configured to generate new subdivision surfaces within a base surface by connecting the vertices that make up the subdivision surface to the edge division points of an adjacent base surface.
- Figure 23 shows an example of a case where the above-mentioned subdivision process has been performed on all subdivision surfaces.
- the mesh decoding unit 204 is configured to generate and output a decoded mesh using the subdivision mesh generated by the subdivision unit 203 and the displacement amount decoded by the displacement amount decoding unit 206.
- the mesh decoding unit 204 is configured to generate a decoded mesh by adding the corresponding displacement amount to each subdivision vertex.
- information regarding which subdivision vertex each displacement amount corresponds to is indicated by control information.
- the patch integration unit 205 is configured to integrate and output the decoded mesh generated by the mesh decoding unit 206 for multiple patches.
- the method of dividing the patch is defined by the mesh encoding device 100.
- the method of dividing the patch may be configured to calculate a normal vector for each base face, select the base face with the most similar normal vector among the adjacent base faces, combine both base faces into the same patch, and repeat this procedure sequentially for the next base face.
- the video decoding unit 207 is configured to decode and output the texture by video encoding.
- the video decoding unit 207 may use HEVC in Non-Patent Document 1.
- the displacement amount decoding unit 206 is configured to decode the displacement amount bitstream to generate and output the displacement amount.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram showing an example of the displacement amount for a certain subdivision vertex.
- the displacement amount decoding unit 206 is configured to define eight displacement amounts expressed as scalars or vectors for each subdivision vertex.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of a functional block of the displacement amount decoding unit 206.
- the displacement amount decoding unit 206 has a decoding unit 206A, an inverse quantization unit 206B, an inverse wavelet transform unit 206C, an adder 206D, an inter prediction unit 206E, and a frame buffer 206F.
- the decoding unit 206A is configured to decode and output level values and control information by performing variable length decoding on the received displacement amount bit stream.
- the level values obtained by variable length decoding are output to the inverse quantization unit 206B, and the control information is output to the inter prediction unit 206E.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a displacement amount bit stream.
- the displacement bit stream may include a DPS (Displacement Parameter Set), which is a collection of control information related to the decoding of the displacement.
- DPS Displayment Parameter Set
- the displacement bitstream may include a DPH (Displacement Patch Header), which is a collection of control information corresponding to a patch.
- DPH Displayment Patch Header
- the displacement bitstream may contain, next to the DPH, the encoded displacements that make up the patch.
- the displacement bitstream is structured so that each encoded displacement corresponds to one DPH and one DPS.
- the displacement bit stream may include a sequence parameter set (SPS).
- SPS sequence parameter set
- Figure 26 shows an example of the syntax configuration of a DPS.
- ue(v) means an unsigned zeroth-order exponential Golomb code
- u(n) means an n-bit flag
- the DPS includes at least DPS id information (dps_displacement_parameter_set_id) for identifying each DPS.
- the DPS may also include a flag (interprediction_enabled_flag) that controls whether or not inter prediction is performed.
- interprediction_enabled_flag when interprediction_enabled_flag is 0, it may be defined that inter prediction is not performed, and when interprediction_enabled_flag is 1, it may be defined that inter prediction is performed. When interprediction_enabled_flag is not included, it may be defined that inter prediction is not performed.
- the DPS may include a flag (dct_enabled_flag) that controls whether or not to perform inverse DCT.
- dct_enabled_flag when dct_enabled_flag is 0, it may be defined that inverse DCT is not performed, and when dct_enabled_flag is 1, it may be defined that inverse DCT is performed. When dct_enabled_flag is not included, it may be defined that inverse DCT is not performed.
- Figure 27 shows an example of the syntax configuration of DPH.
- the DPH includes at least DPS id information for specifying the DPS corresponding to each DPH.
- the inverse quantization unit 206B is configured to generate and output transform coefficients by inverse quantizing the level values decoded by the decoding unit 206A.
- the inverse wavelet transform unit 206C is configured to generate and output a prediction residual by performing an inverse wavelet transform on the transform coefficients generated by the inverse quantization unit 206B.
- the inter prediction unit 206E is configured to perform inter prediction using the decoded displacement amount of the reference frame read out from the frame buffer 206F, thereby generating and outputting a predicted displacement amount.
- the inter prediction unit 206E is configured to perform such inter prediction only when interprediction_enabled_flag is 1.
- the inter prediction unit 206E may perform inter prediction in the spatial domain, or may perform inter prediction in the frequency domain. Inter prediction may be bidirectional prediction using a past reference frame and a future reference frame in time.
- FIG. 24 shows an example of a functional block of the inter prediction unit 206E when performing inter prediction in the spatial domain.
- the inter prediction unit 206E may determine the predicted displacement amount of a subdivision vertex in the target frame by directly referring to the decoded displacement amount of the corresponding subdivision vertex in the reference frame.
- the predicted displacement of a certain subdivision vertex in the target frame may be determined probabilistically according to a normal distribution with estimated mean and variance, using the decoded displacements of corresponding subdivision vertices in multiple reference frames.
- the variance may be set to zero and the predicted displacement may be determined uniquely using only the mean.
- the predicted displacement of a subdivision vertex in the target frame may be determined based on a regression curve estimated using the decoded displacements of corresponding subdivision vertices in multiple reference frames, with time as the explanatory variable and displacement as the objective variable.
- the order of the decoded displacement amounts may be rearranged to improve coding efficiency for each frame.
- the inter prediction unit 206E may be configured to perform inter prediction on the rearranged decoding displacement amounts.
- the correspondence between the subdivision vertices between the reference frame and the frame to be decoded is indicated by the control information.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating an example of the correspondence between subdivision vertices between a reference frame and a frame to be decoded when inter prediction is performed in the spatial domain.
- FIG. 29 shows an example of a functional block of the inter prediction unit 206E when performing inter prediction in the frequency domain.
- the inter prediction unit 206E may determine the predicted wavelet transform coefficients of a frequency in the frame to be decoded by directly referring to the decoded wavelet transform coefficients of the corresponding frequency in the reference frame.
- the inter prediction unit 206E may perform probabilistic inter prediction according to a normal distribution with estimated mean and variance, using the decoded displacement amounts or decoded wavelet transform coefficients of the subdivision vertices in multiple reference frames.
- the inter prediction unit 206E may perform inter prediction based on a regression curve estimated using the decoded displacement amounts or decoded wavelet transform coefficients of the subdivision vertices in multiple reference frames, with time as the explanatory variable and the displacement amount as the objective variable.
- the inter prediction unit 206E may be configured to perform bidirectional inter prediction using a past reference frame and a future reference frame in time.
- the order of the decoded wavelet transform coefficients may be rearranged to improve coding efficiency for each frame.
- the frequency correspondence between the reference frame and the frame to be decoded is indicated by control information.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating an example of the frequency correspondence between a reference frame and a frame to be decoded when inter prediction is performed in the frequency domain.
- the inter prediction unit 206E is also configured to perform inter prediction for each divided patch. This increases the time correlation between frames, and is expected to improve coding performance.
- the adder 206D receives the prediction residual from the inverse wavelet transform unit 206C and the predicted displacement from the inter prediction unit 206E.
- the adder 206D is configured to calculate and output the decoded displacement amount by adding the prediction residual and the predicted displacement amount.
- the decoded displacement calculated by the adder 206D is also output to the frame buffer 206F.
- the frame buffer 206F is configured to obtain and store the decoded displacement amount from the adder 206D.
- the frame buffer 206F outputs the decoded displacement amount at the corresponding vertex in the reference frame according to control information (not shown).
- FIG. 31 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the displacement amount decoding unit 206.
- step S3501 the displacement amount decoding unit 206 determines whether this process has been completed for all patches.
- step S3502 the displacement decoding unit 206 performs inverse DCT on the patch to be decoded, and then performs inverse quantization and inverse wavelet transform.
- step S3503 the displacement amount decoding unit 206 determines whether or not interpretation_enabled_flag is 1.
- step S3504 If the answer is Yes, the operation proceeds to step S3504; if the answer is No, the operation returns to step S3501.
- step S3504 the displacement decoding unit 206 performs the above-mentioned inter prediction and addition.
- FIG. 32 shows an example of a functional block of the displacement amount decoding unit 206 in this modification example 1.
- the displacement decoding unit 206 includes an inverse DCT unit 206G after the decoding unit 206A, that is, between the decoding unit 206A and the inverse quantization unit 206B.
- the inverse quantization unit 206B is configured to generate a prediction residual by performing an inverse wavelet transform on the level values output from the inverse DCT unit 202G.
- the displacement amount decoding unit 206 in this modification example 2 has a video decoding unit 2061, an image expansion unit 2062, an inverse quantization unit 2063, and an inverse wavelet transformation unit 2064.
- the video decoding unit 2061 is configured to output video by decoding the received displacement amount bit stream using video coding.
- the video decoding unit 2061 may use HEVC as described in Non-Patent Document 1.
- the video decoding unit 2061 may also use a video encoding method in which the motion vector is always set to zero.
- the video decoding unit 2061 may always set the motion vector of HEVC to zero and always use inter prediction at the same position.
- the video decoding unit 2061 may also use a video encoding method in which conversion is always skipped.
- the video decoding unit 2061 may always set HEVC conversion to conversion skip mode and use a video encoding method without conversion.
- the image expansion unit 2062 is configured to expand and output the video decoded by the video decoding unit 2061 as level values for each image (frame).
- the image expansion unit 2062 can determine the level by calculating backwards from the arrangement of the level values in the image indicated by the control information.
- the image expansion unit 2062 may arrange the level values in the image in the order of raster operations, for example, from high-frequency components to low-frequency components.
- the inverse quantization unit 2063 is configured to generate and output transformation coefficients by inverse quantizing the level values generated by the image expansion unit 2062.
- the inverse wavelet transform unit 2064 is configured to generate and output a decoded displacement amount by performing an inverse wavelet transform on the transform coefficients generated by the inverse quantization unit 2063.
- the above-mentioned mesh encoding device 100 and mesh decoding device 200 may be realized as a program that causes a computer to execute each function (each process).
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Abstract
Description
以下、図1~図31を参照して、本実施形態に係るメッシュ処理システムについて説明する。
基本メッシュ復号部202は、基本メッシュビットストリームを復号し、基本メッシュを生成して出力するように構成されている。
イントラ復号部202Bは、例えば、非特許文献2に示すDracoを用いて、Iフレームのビットストリームから、Iフレームの頂点の座標及び接続情報を復号するように構成されている。
例えば、整理部202B2は、決定方法1では、Iフレームのビットストリームから、上述の重複頂点のリストを復号するように構成されている。
整理部202B2は、決定方法2では、復号された基本メッシュにおいて重複頂点を探索することによって、重複頂点のリストを算出するように構成されている。
例えば、整理部202B2は、実現方法1では、上述のステップS101において特定バッファに保存した全ての重複頂点について処理する。
整理部202B2は、実現方法2では、ビットストリームから、上述のステップS101において特定バッファに保存した重複頂点のうち、処理しない重複頂点(処理不要な頂点)に係る情報を復号し、処理しない重複頂点以外の重複頂点を統合して、Connectivityを更新する。
図11は、インター復号部202Eの機能ブロックの一例を示す図である。
ここで、kは、頂点のインデックスである。MV、MVR及びMVPは、x成分、y成分及びz成分を有するベクターである。
ここで、v’i(k)は、復号対象のフレームで復号するk番目の頂点の座標であり、v’j(k)は、参照フレームの復号したk番目の頂点の座標であり、MV(k)は、復号対象のフレームのk番目のMVであり、k=1,2…,Kである。
また、復号対象のフレームの接続情報は、参照フレームの接続情報と同一にされる。
細分割部203は、制御情報によって示された細分割手法により、基本メッシュ復号部202によって復号された基本メッシュから、追加された細分割頂点及びそれらの接続情報を生成して出力するように構成されている。
基本メッシュ細分割部203Aは、入力された基本メッシュ及び基本メッシュの分割情報に基づき、基本面及び基本パッチごとの分割数(細分割数)を算出し、かかる分割数に基づいて基本メッシュを細分割し、細分割面を出力するように構成されている。
次に、細分割メッシュ調整部203Bによって行われる処理の具体例について説明する。以下、図20~図24を用いて細分割メッシュ調整部203Bよって行われる処理の一例について説明する。
辺分割点移動部701は、入力された初期細分割面に対して、基本面の辺分割点を隣接基本面の辺分割点のいずれかに移動し、細分割面を出力するように構成されている。
細分割面分割部702は、入力された細分割面を再度細分割し、復号細分割面を出力するように構成されている。
変位量復号部206は、変位量ビットストリームを復号して変位量を生成して出力するように構成されている。
インター予測部206Eは、フレームバッファ206Fから読み出された参照フレームの復号変位量を用いてインター予測を行うことによって、予測変位量を生成して出力するように構成されている。
以下、図32を参照して、上述の第1実施形態の変形例1について、上述の第1実施形態との相違点に着目して説明する。
以下、図33を参照して、上述の第1実施形態の変形例2について、上述の第1実施形態との相違点に着目して説明する。
100…メッシュ符号化装置
200…メッシュ復号部
201…多重分離部
202…基本メッシュ復号部
202A…分離部
202B…イントラ復号部
202B1…任意イントラ復号部
202B2…整列部
202C…メッシュバッファ部
202D…接続情報復号部
202E…インター復号部
202E1…動きベクトル復号部
202E2…動きベクトルバッファ部
202E3…動きベクトル予測部
202E4…動きベクトル算出部
202E5…加算器
202E10…増設頂点算出部
203…細分割部
203A…基本メッシュ細分割部
203A1…基本面分割数バッファ部
203A2…基本面分割数参照部
203A3…基本面分割数予測部
203A4…加算部
203A5…基本面分割部
203B…細分割メッシュ調整部
701…辺分割点移動部
702…細分割面分割部
204…メッシュ復号部
205…パッチ統合部
206…変位量復号部
206A…復号部
206B、2063…逆量子化部
206C、2064…逆ウェーブレット変換部
206D…加算器
206E…インター予測部
206F…フレームバッファ
206G…逆DCT部
2062…画像展開部
207、2061…映像復号部
Claims (10)
- メッシュ復号装置であって、
復号された基本メッシュにおいて座標が一致する複数の頂点である重複頂点をまとめて単一頂点としてから、所定の順序に並び替える整列部を備えることを特徴とするメッシュ復号装置。 - 複数の動きベクトルを持つ参照フレームの基本メッシュの頂点により、復号対象のインターフレームの基本メッシュにおいて増加させる頂点のインデックス又は座標を算出するインター復号部を備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のメッシュ復号装置。
- 前記整列部は、Iフレームのビットストリームから、前記重複頂点のリストを復号すること特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のメッシュ復号装置。
- 前記整列部は、前記基本メッシュから前記重複頂点を探索することによって、前記重複頂点のリストを算出することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のメッシュ復号装置。
- 前記整列部は、前記重複頂点のリストを決めた後、前記重複頂点の全部又は一部を統合して、Connectivityを更新することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のメッシュ復号装置。
- 前記整列部は、前記重複頂点のリストを決めた後、ビットストリームから、処理しない重複頂点の情報を復号し、前記処理しない重複頂点以外の重複頂点を統合して、Connectivityを更新することを特徴とする請求項5に記載のメッシュ復号装置。
- 前記インター復号部は、前記整列部で全部の重複頂点を統合した場合、複数の動きベクトルを持つ参照フレームの基本メッシュの頂点により復号対象のインターフレームの基本メッシュにおいて増加させる頂点のインデックスを、ビットストリームから復号することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のメッシュ復号装置。
- 前記インター復号部は、前記整列部で全部の重複頂点を統合した場合、復号された復号対象のインターフレームの基本メッシュの増設頂点に対して動きベクトルを復号することを特徴とする請求項2に記載のメッシュ復号装置。
- メッシュ復号方法であって、
復号された基本メッシュに対する座標が一致する複数の頂点である重複頂点をまとめて単一頂点としてから、所定の順序に並び替える工程を有することを特徴とするメッシュ復号方法。 - コンピュータを、メッシュ復号装置として機能させるプログラムであって、
前記メッシュ復号装置は、復号された基本メッシュに対する座標が一致する複数の頂点である重複頂点をまとめて単一頂点としてから、所定の順序に並び替える整列部を備えることを特徴とするプログラム。
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| JP2024058009A (ja) | 2024-04-25 |
| US20250193428A1 (en) | 2025-06-12 |
| JP7769597B2 (ja) | 2025-11-13 |
| CN119816867A (zh) | 2025-04-11 |
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