WO2024060578A1 - 轮毂电机及助力电动自行车 - Google Patents

轮毂电机及助力电动自行车 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2024060578A1
WO2024060578A1 PCT/CN2023/086322 CN2023086322W WO2024060578A1 WO 2024060578 A1 WO2024060578 A1 WO 2024060578A1 CN 2023086322 W CN2023086322 W CN 2023086322W WO 2024060578 A1 WO2024060578 A1 WO 2024060578A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gear
level
main shaft
ring gear
sun gear
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2023/086322
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周佳林
王彬
罗绍俊
苏怡雪
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guangdong Welling Motor Manufacturing Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Guangdong Welling Motor Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202211150654.3A external-priority patent/CN115459514A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202211150686.3A external-priority patent/CN115459520A/zh
Application filed by Guangdong Welling Motor Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical Guangdong Welling Motor Manufacturing Co Ltd
Publication of WO2024060578A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024060578A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
    • B62M7/00—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine
    • B62M7/12—Motorcycles characterised by position of motor or engine with the engine beside or within the driven wheel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of electric bicycles, and in particular to a hub motor and a power-assisted electric bicycle.
  • the hub motor of the power-assisted electric bicycle is composed of a motor, a motor shaft, and a housing to drive the electric bicycle forward.
  • the hub motor is often installed on the front wheel or rear wheel of the electric bicycle.
  • Most hub motors use the motor rotor to directly drive the wheel forward.
  • the motor needs to provide a large torque.
  • a large torque means a large volume, heavy weight, and high cost.
  • the hub motor also has a reducer placed inside the hub motor, such as an outer rotor gear hub motor and an inner rotor gear hub motor with a main shaft broken shaft solution.
  • the outer rotor gear hub motor in the related art needs to significantly increase the size of the reducer to increase the reduction ratio, which runs counter to the miniaturization of the hub motor.
  • the inner rotor gear hub motor with a main shaft broken shaft solution has many structural parts and a complex assembly process. The total product cost plus the production cost does not have much advantage, and the structural strength is weak.
  • the motor does not work, and the wheel is moving forward, which will cause the wheel to drive the motor to rotate. Since the motor has a cogging torque, the cogging torque increases the torque after the speed change of the reducer, and the wheel resistance increases. Also, the back EMF of the motor affects the controller.
  • This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a wheel hub motor.
  • the present application further provides an electric power-assisted bicycle having the above-mentioned hub motor.
  • the in-wheel motor includes a main shaft, a casing, a motor, a multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism and a clutch.
  • the casing is rotatably mounted on the spindle;
  • the motor is disposed in the casing, the motor includes a stator and a rotor, the stator is fixed on the spindle, and the rotor is rotatably mounted on the spindle;
  • the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism is arranged in the casing, the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism has an input end and an output end, and the input end is fixedly connected to the rotor;
  • the clutch includes a driving part and a driven part, The active part is fixedly connected to the output end, and the driven part is fixedly connected to the casing. Rotating the output end in a first direction relative to the casing enables the active part to engage the driven part, and rotating the output end in a second direction relative to the casing enables the active part to disengage from the driven part. Driven part.
  • the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism includes a connected primary planetary reduction system and a secondary planetary reduction system, the input end is provided in the primary planetary reduction system, and the output end is provided in in the two-stage planetary deceleration system.
  • the first-level planetary deceleration system includes a first-level planet gear, a first-level sun gear, a first-level planet carrier and a first-level ring gear.
  • the first-level sun gear constitutes the input end and is fixedly connected.
  • the primary planet carrier is rotatably mounted on the main shaft, and the primary planet gear is rotatably mounted on the primary planet carrier and engages the primary sun gear and the primary ring gear at the same time, so
  • the secondary planetary deceleration system includes a secondary planet gear, a secondary sun gear, a secondary planet carrier and a secondary ring gear.
  • the secondary sun gear is fixed to the primary planet carrier, and the secondary planet carrier is fixed to the primary planet carrier.
  • the main shaft, the secondary planet gear are rotatably installed on the secondary planet carrier and simultaneously engage the secondary sun gear and the secondary ring gear.
  • the secondary ring gear constitutes the output end and one end thereof It is fixedly connected to the primary ring gear, and the other end is fixedly connected to the active part.
  • a plurality of the first-stage planetary gears are provided, and the first-stage planet carrier is provided with a rotating shaft corresponding one-to-one to the first-stage planetary gears, and the first-stage planetary gears are rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft.
  • the secondary sun gear and the primary planet carrier are an integral structure, or the secondary sun gear and the primary planet carrier are bonded, interference-connected, or connected by screws.
  • the clutch is a sprag one-way clutch or a roller one-way clutch or a ratchet one-way clutch.
  • the active part, the primary ring gear and the secondary ring gear have an integrated structure.
  • the housing includes an outer shell and an end cover, the outer shell and the end cover are surrounded by an installation cavity, and the motor, the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism and the clutch are arranged in the installation cavity.
  • the housing is rotatably mounted on the main shaft through a first bearing
  • the end cover is rotatably mounted on the main shaft through a second bearing
  • the motor is an inner rotor motor, an outer rotor motor, or a disk motor.
  • the motor further includes a bracket, the stator is installed on the bracket, and the bracket is fixedly connected to the main shaft.
  • the bracket is provided with a connecting plate, the connecting plate is provided with a connecting hole, the main shaft is provided with a mounting plate, and the mounting plate is provided with a mounting hole that matches the connecting hole; or
  • the bracket is interference-connected, key-connected, bonded or welded to the spindle.
  • An in-wheel motor includes a casing, a main shaft, a motor, a multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism and a one-way clutch.
  • the main shaft penetrates the casing and can rotate relatively with the casing;
  • the motor is installed on the main shaft and includes a stator and a rotor.
  • the stator is fixedly connected to the main shaft.
  • the rotor is coaxially arranged with the main shaft and can rotate relatively;
  • the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism includes a first-stage planet A deceleration system and a second-level planetary deceleration system.
  • the first-level planetary deceleration system includes a first-level sun gear, a first-level ring gear, a first-level planet gear, and a first-level planet carrier.
  • the first-level sun gear is connected to the rotor.
  • the primary ring gear is fixed to the casing, and the primary planet gear meshes with the primary sun gear and the primary ring gear respectively;
  • the secondary planetary deceleration system includes a secondary sun gear, a secondary gear ring, a secondary planet gear, and a secondary planet carrier.
  • the secondary sun gear is fixedly connected to the primary planet carrier, the secondary ring gear is fixed to the casing, and the secondary planet wheels are respectively connected to the primary planet carrier.
  • the secondary sun gear and the secondary ring gear are meshed; the secondary planet carrier and the main shaft are connected through the one-way clutch.
  • the one-way clutch includes a fixed part and a movable part, the fixed part is fixedly connected to the main shaft, the movable part is integrated with the secondary planet carrier, or the movable part
  • the components are bonded, interference-connected, or screwed to the secondary planet carrier.
  • the first-stage sun gear and the rotor are integrated, or the first-stage sun gear and the rotor are overmolded, bonded, interference-connected, or connected through screws.
  • the secondary sun gear and the primary planet carrier are integrated, or the secondary sun gear and the primary planet carrier are bonded, interference-connected, or connected by screws.
  • the primary ring gear and the secondary ring gear are an integral structure or connected by splines.
  • At least one of the primary ring gear and the secondary ring gear is bonded, interference-connected, splined or screwed to the casing.
  • a power-assisted electric bicycle including the hub motors of the first and second embodiments of the present application
  • FIG1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hub motor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic exploded view of the hub motor shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the motor and the main shaft shown in FIG1 ;
  • Figure 4 is an exploded structural schematic diagram of the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism shown in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded structural diagram of the clutch shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of an in-wheel motor according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 7 is an exploded structural diagram of the in-wheel motor shown in Figure 6;
  • FIG. 8 is an exploded structural diagram from another direction of the in-wheel motor shown in FIG. 6 .
  • Housing 200 housing 210; first bearing 211; end cover 220; second bearing 221;
  • Motor 300 rotor 310; stator 320; bracket 330; connecting plate 331; connecting hole 332;
  • Multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 primary sun gear 410; primary planet gear 420; primary planet carrier 430; rotating shaft 431; secondary sun gear 440; secondary planet gear 450; secondary planet carrier 460; primary ring gear 470; secondary ring gear 480;
  • One-way clutch 600 fixed part 610; movable part 620.
  • the power-assisted electric bicycle wheel hub motor drive system occupies a certain market in the electric bicycle industry due to its price advantage and easy modification. Because of its simple structure, easy maintenance, and low noise, most of the earliest power-assisted electric bicycle wheel hub motors used direct drive solutions.
  • the hub motor with speed reduction is slightly noisier than the direct drive hub motor, it has the advantages of small size, light weight, and high torque of the hub motor. Especially with the sharp increase in the price of magnetic materials, the hub motor with speed reduction due to the magnetic material The dosage is small and the cost is a great advantage. Improving the reduction ratio and making the motor and hub motor smaller and lighter are the main ideas and directions to help the development of electric bicycle hub motors.
  • the stator of the external rotor gear hub motor on the market is fixed on the main shaft, the sun gear is installed on the rotor, and the planet carrier is fixed on the main shaft.
  • the power is decelerated by the planetary gear reduction system and output to the hub shell by the internal ring gear.
  • the reduction ratio is the ratio of the number of teeth of the internal ring gear to the sun gear. The number of sun gear teeth as the denominator has a greater impact on the reduction ratio.
  • the reduction ratio of 250W motors is usually 4.42.
  • the reduction ratio does not exceed 8.
  • the sun gear is made smaller in order to increase the reduction ratio.
  • the main shaft adopts a shaft-breaking scheme.
  • the fixed parts of the assembly are the left end shaft, motor casing, planet carrier, and right end shaft.
  • the stator and rotor of the motor are both inside the motor casing, and the power is driven by the rotor to the sun gear, decelerated by the planetary gear reduction system, and output from the inner ring gear to the hub shell.
  • the reduction ratio is greatly improved.
  • the reduction ratio of 250W motors on the market is usually about 12, and the theoretical maximum can be achieved. to 15.
  • the material cost of the inner rotor solution is lower than that of the outer rotor, the inner rotor solution has many structural parts and a complicated assembly process. The total product cost plus the production cost does not have many advantages.
  • the inner rotor solution uses a broken shaft structure, resulting in a weaker structural strength than the outer rotor solution, and the assembly accuracy of the assembly is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, the product reliability has not been as good as the outer rotor solution. Therefore, the use of inner rotor gear hub motors on the market The quantity has always been lower than that of external rotor geared hub motors.
  • this application proposes a wheel hub motor, which can obtain a larger reduction ratio and has a simpler assembly process.
  • a hub motor provided by an embodiment of the first aspect of the present application includes a main shaft 100, a housing 200, a motor 300, a multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 and a clutch 500.
  • the main shaft 100 is fixedly arranged, and the housing 200 is mounted on the main shaft 100 and can rotate relative to the main shaft 100.
  • the motor 300 is arranged inside the housing 200, and the motor 300 includes a stator 320 and a rotor 310, the stator 320 is fixedly mounted on the main shaft 100, and the rotor 310 is mounted on the main shaft 100 and can rotate relative to the main shaft 100.
  • the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 is arranged in the housing 200, and the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 can be a two-stage planetary reduction mechanism, or a three-stage or more-stage planetary reduction mechanism, and the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 has a larger reduction ratio, so that it can provide a larger output torque to assist the vehicle in driving.
  • the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 has an input end and an output end, wherein the input end is fixedly connected to the rotor 310.
  • the clutch 500 is a one-way clutch, which is arranged inside the housing 200.
  • the clutch 500 includes an active part 510 and a driven part 520.
  • the active part 510 is fixedly connected to the output end of the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400, and the driven part 520 is fixedly connected to the housing 200.
  • the hub motor is running and the output end rotates in the first direction relative to the housing 200
  • the active part 510 can engage the driven part 520, so that the output end drives the housing 200 to rotate, realizing the power-assisting function.
  • the speed of the housing 200 is greater than the speed of the output end.
  • the output end rotates in the second direction relative to the housing 200, and the active part 510 is separated from the driven part 520, thereby avoiding the motor 300 and the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 from blocking the housing 200 from rotating, reducing the resistance to the rotation of the housing 200.
  • One of the first direction and the second direction is clockwise, and the other is counterclockwise, that is, the first direction and the second direction are opposite.
  • the rotor 310 drives the input end of the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 to rotate.
  • the output end of the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 drives the active part 510 of the clutch 500 along the first axis. direction of rotation.
  • the active part 510 is engaged with the driven part 520 to drive the casing 200 to rotate, so that the casing 200 can drive the wheels mounted on it to rotate.
  • the output end rotates in the second direction relative to the casing 200 so that the active part 510 is separated from the driven part 520, thereby reducing the rotation resistance of the casing 200.
  • the hub motor is decelerated through the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400, thereby achieving a larger reduction ratio.
  • the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 is a two-stage planetary reduction mechanism, its reduction ratio can reach 25. Compared with the existing hub motor The reduction ratio of the motor is greatly improved.
  • the motor 300 is an external rotor motor, compared with the existing external rotor gear hub motor on the market, the reduction ratio of the hub motor is greatly improved, and the volume and material of the motor 300 are smaller. The cost has dropped significantly, and the assembly process only repeats the assembly of the planet carrier, so the complexity of the assembly has not increased.
  • the motor 300 is an inner-rotor motor, the assembly process of the hub motor is simpler than the existing inner-rotor geared hub motor on the market, and since the main shaft 100 is a whole-shaft structure, the structural strength and assembly accuracy are also improved. Improvement; and the hub motor can realize automatic clutching of the casing 200 and the output end of the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 through the clutch 500.
  • the active part 510 can combine with the driven part 520 to drive the casing 200 to rotate.
  • the active part 510 can be separated from the driven part 520 to reduce the rotation resistance of the casing 200, thereby improving the smoothness of vehicle driving.
  • the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 is a two-stage planetary reduction mechanism, which includes a first-stage planetary reduction system and a second-stage planetary reduction system, wherein the first-stage planetary reduction system includes a first-stage planetary gear 420, a first-stage sun gear 410, a first-stage planetary carrier 430 and a first-stage ring gear 470, the first-stage sun gear 410 is fixed to the rotor 310, the first-stage planetary carrier 430 is rotatably mounted on the main shaft 100, the first-stage planetary gear 420 is rotatably mounted on the first-stage planetary carrier 430 and meshes with the first-stage sun gear 410, and the first-stage ring gear 470 is arranged on the outer periphery of the first-stage planetary gear 420 and meshes with the first-stage planetary gear 420.
  • the first-stage planetary reduction system includes a first-stage planetary gear 420, a first-stage sun gear 410, a first
  • the secondary planetary reduction system includes a secondary planetary gear 450, a secondary sun gear 440, a secondary planetary carrier 460 and a secondary ring gear 480.
  • the secondary sun gear 440 is fixed to the primary planetary carrier 430
  • the secondary planetary carrier 460 is fixed to the main shaft 100
  • the secondary planetary gear 450 is rotatably mounted on the secondary planetary carrier 460 and meshes with the secondary sun gear 440
  • the secondary ring gear 480 is arranged on the outer periphery of the secondary planetary gear 450 and meshes with the secondary planetary gear 450
  • one end of the secondary ring gear 480 is fixedly connected to the primary ring gear 470
  • the other end is fixedly connected to the active part 510.
  • the primary sun gear 410 serves as the input end of the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400
  • the secondary ring gear 480 serves as the output end of the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400.
  • the rotor 310 drives the primary sun gear 410 to rotate
  • the primary sun gear 410 drives the primary planetary gear 420 to rotate
  • the primary planetary gear 420 rotates along the inner side of the primary ring gear 470, thereby driving the primary planetary carrier 430 to rotate around the main shaft 100, so that the secondary sun gear 440 rotates, and the secondary sun gear 440 drives the secondary planetary gear 450 to rotate.
  • the secondary planetary gear 450 drives the secondary ring gear 480 to rotate, thereby driving the active part 510 of the clutch 500 to rotate in the first direction, so that the active part 510 engages with the driven part 520 and drives the driven part 520 to rotate, thereby rotating the casing 200 fixedly connected to the driven part 520, thereby rotating the wheel mounted on the casing 200.
  • first-level planetary gears 420 are provided, and the first-level planetary carrier 430 is provided with one
  • the first-stage planetary gears 420 correspond to the rotating shaft 431 one-to-one, and the first-stage planetary gears 420 are rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft 431 .
  • one end of the primary planet carrier 430 is provided with three rotating shafts 431 evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and one primary planet gear 420 is rotatably mounted on each rotating shaft 431.
  • the first level planet gear 420 is provided with three rotating shafts 431.
  • the planet gear 420 can be rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft 431 through bearings, so that the first-level planet gear 420 rotates more smoothly on the first-level planet carrier 430 .
  • multiple secondary planet gears 450 can also be provided.
  • the secondary planet carrier 460 is also provided with a rotating shaft corresponding to the secondary planet gears 450 .
  • the secondary planet gear 450 is rotatably installed on the rotating shaft of the secondary planet carrier 460 . superior.
  • the secondary sun gear 440 and the primary planet carrier 430 are integrated structures.
  • the primary planet carrier 430 and the secondary sun gear 440 can be processed on one workpiece, or the primary planet carrier 430 and the secondary sun gear 440 can be integrally formed by injection molding, etc., thereby making the connection between the two more reliable. , thereby effectively preventing the deceleration effect from being affected by loosening between the primary planet carrier 430 and the secondary sun gear 440 during the operation of the multi-stage planetary deceleration mechanism 400 .
  • the secondary sun gear 440 can also be fixedly connected to the primary planet carrier 430 through bolt connection, glue bonding or interference connection.
  • the primary sun gear 410 and the rotor 310 can also be an integral structure, and the primary sun gear 410 can also be fixed to the rotor 310 through bolt connection, glue connection, or interference connection.
  • the clutch 500 can be a sprag one-way clutch, a roller one-way clutch, or a ratchet one-way clutch, which can be selected according to actual needs. Properly constructed one-way clutch.
  • the clutch 500 is a roller one-way clutch.
  • the roller one-way clutch is provided with an inner ring, an outer ring and rollers 530.
  • the outer ring is The driving part 510
  • the inner ring is the driven part 520
  • the outer ring is located around the outer circumference of the inner ring
  • the roller 530 is movably installed between the inner ring and the outer ring.
  • the active part 510, the primary ring gear 470, the second The stage ring gear 480 is set as an integrated structure, thereby making the connection between the three more reliable and making the power transmission smoother and more reliable.
  • the primary ring gear 470 and the secondary ring gear 480 can be processed on one workpiece, and at the same time, the active part 510 of the clutch 500 is formed on an end of the secondary ring gear 480 away from the primary ring gear 470 .
  • the structures of the teeth of the primary ring gear 470 and the secondary ring gear 480 can be the same.
  • the functions of the two ring gears can be realized, thereby further improving the convenience of processing.
  • the primary ring gear 470, the secondary ring gear 480 and the active part 510 can also be integrally molded by injection molding.
  • the primary ring gear 470, the secondary ring gear 480 and the active part 510 can also be made independently, and then fixed to each other through bolting, welding or bonding.
  • the casing 200 includes a casing 210 and an end cover 220.
  • the casing 210 and the end cover 220 are surrounded by an installation cavity, and the motor 300, multi-stage The planetary reduction mechanism 400 and the clutch 500 are arranged in the installation cavity.
  • the shell 210 and the end cover 220 can be connected by bolts, interference fit, or bonding.
  • the housing 210 is rotatably mounted on the main shaft 100 through the first bearing 211
  • the end cover 220 is rotatably mounted on the main shaft 100 through the second bearing 221 , so that the casing 200 It can rotate smoothly relative to the spindle 100.
  • the motor 300 may be an inner rotor motor, an outer rotor motor, or a disk motor.
  • the motor 300 with an appropriate structure may be selected according to actual needs.
  • the motor 300 is an external rotor motor, compared with the existing external rotor geared hub motor on the market, the reduction ratio of the hub motor is greatly improved, and the volume and material cost of the motor 300 are greatly reduced, and the assembly process is only repeated.
  • the planet carrier is assembled once, so the complexity of the assembly is not increased.
  • the assembly process of the hub motor is simpler than the existing inner-rotor geared hub motor on the market, and since the main shaft 100 is a whole-shaft structure, the structural strength and assembly accuracy are also improved. Improved, higher reliability.
  • the motor 300 also includes a bracket 330, and the stator 320 is installed on the bracket 330.
  • the bracket 330 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 100, so that the stator 320 can be fixed relative to the main shaft 100.
  • the stator 320 is sleeved and fixed on the outside of the bracket 330.
  • the bracket 330 is provided with a connecting plate 331 connected to the main shaft 100.
  • the connecting plate 331 is provided with a connecting hole 332.
  • the outer wall of the main shaft 100 is provided with a mounting plate that cooperates with the connecting plate 331.
  • the mounting plate 110 is provided with a mounting hole 111, and bolts are passed through the connecting hole 332 and the mounting hole 111, so that the bracket 330 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 100, and the stator 320 is fixed to the main shaft 100.
  • the installation operation is very convenient.
  • the bracket 330 can also be fixed to the spindle 100 through interference connection, key connection, bonding or welding, etc., and a suitable installation method can be selected according to actual needs.
  • the present application also provides an electric bicycle, including a frame, wheels and a hub motor according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • the wheel can be a rear wheel or a front wheel, which is installed on the casing 200 of the wheel hub motor.
  • the wheel hub motor is installed on the frame. The wheel hub motor can drive the wheel to rotate and thereby promote the electric bicycle to travel.
  • the rotor 310 drives the input end of the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 to rotate. After being decelerated by the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400, it is driven by the output end of the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400.
  • the active part 510 of the clutch 500 rotates in the first direction. At this time, the active part 510 engages with the driven part 520 to drive the casing 200 to rotate, so that the casing 200 can drive the wheels mounted on it to rotate.
  • the output end rotates in the second direction relative to the casing 200 so that the active part 510 is separated from the driven part 520, thereby reducing the resistance to rotation of the casing 200.
  • the hub motor is decelerated through the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400, thereby achieving a larger reduction ratio.
  • the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 is a two-stage planetary reduction mechanism, its reduction ratio can reach 25.
  • the reduction ratio of the motor has been greatly improved, and the hub motor can realize automatic clutching of the casing 200 and the output end of the multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 through the clutch 500.
  • the active part 510 can be combined with the driven part. 520 drives the casing 200 to rotate, and when the motor 300 does not need assistance, the active part 510 can be separated from the driven part 520 to reduce the resistance to the rotation of the casing 200, thereby improving the smoothness of vehicle driving.
  • the in-wheel motor also includes a main shaft 100 , a casing 200 , a motor 300 , a multi-stage planetary reduction mechanism 400 and a one-way clutch 600 .
  • the composite planetary gear unit includes a primary planetary deceleration system and a secondary planetary deceleration system.
  • the primary planetary deceleration system includes a primary sun gear 410, a primary ring gear 470, a primary planetary gear 420, and a primary planetary carrier 430.
  • the primary sun gear 410 is connected to the rotor 310
  • the primary ring gear 470 is fixed to the casing 200
  • the primary planet gear 420 meshes with the primary sun gear 410 and the primary ring gear 470 respectively.
  • the primary sun gear 410 is coaxially arranged with the main shaft 100 and fixedly installed on the rotor 310 .
  • the primary planet carrier 430 is coaxially arranged with the main shaft 100 and can rotate freely.
  • the primary planet gear 420 is installed on the first planet gear shaft of the primary planet carrier 430 and meshes with the primary sun gear 410 and the primary ring gear 470 at the same time.
  • the primary ring gear 470 is an internal ring gear and is coaxial with the main shaft 100 and fixedly connected with the casing 200 .
  • the secondary planetary deceleration system includes a secondary sun gear 440, a secondary ring gear 480, a secondary planet gear 450, and a secondary planet carrier 460.
  • the secondary sun gear 440 is fixedly connected to the primary planet carrier 430, and the secondary ring gear 480 is fixed.
  • the secondary planet gear 450 is meshed with the secondary sun gear 440 and the secondary ring gear 480 respectively;
  • the secondary planet carrier 460 is connected to the main shaft 100 through the one-way clutch 600 .
  • the secondary sun gear 440 is coaxial with the main shaft 100 and is fixedly installed on the primary planet carrier 430 to rotate with the primary planet carrier 430 .
  • the secondary planet carrier 460 is coaxial with the main shaft 100 .
  • the secondary planet gear 450 is installed on the second planet wheel shaft of the secondary planet carrier 460 and meshes with the secondary sun gear 440 and the secondary ring gear 480 .
  • the secondary ring gear 480 is an internal ring gear and is coaxial with the main shaft 100 and fixedly connected with the casing 200 .
  • the one-way clutch 600 is installed between the secondary planet carrier 460 and the main shaft 100 .
  • the main shaft 100 is installed coaxially so that the motor 300 can only perform one-way transmission relative to the main shaft 100 .
  • the one-way clutch 600 is in a combined state, providing support for the secondary planet carrier 460, so that the motor 300 drives the casing 200 to rotate, thereby allowing the power-assisted electric bicycle to move forward.
  • the one-way clutch 600 is in a disengaged state, and the power of the motor 300 cannot be transmitted to the casing 200 through the secondary planet carrier 460, thus preventing the motor 300 from interfering with the casing 200.
  • the one-way clutch 600 includes a movable part 620, and a clutch structure is provided between the fixed part 610 and the movable part 620, so that the movable part 620 rotates separately from the fixed part 610 when it rotates forward, and when the movable part 620 has a tendency to reverse, it rotates separately from the fixed part 610.
  • Combined fixation As the inner ring of the one-way clutch 600, it is fixedly connected to the main shaft 100.
  • the movable member 620 serves as the outer ring of the one-way clutch 600 and is integrated with the secondary planet carrier 460, or the movable member 620 is bonded to the secondary planet carrier 460. Interference connection or screw connection.
  • the one-way clutch 600 in this example adopts a roller clutch structure.
  • the fixed part 610 of the one-way clutch 600 is fixed on the main shaft 100 through splines.
  • the movable part 620 and the fixed part 610 of the clutch can only rotate in one direction. In this way, The movable member 620 can only rotate in one direction relative to the main shaft 100 .
  • the one-way clutch 600 may also adopt a ratchet one-way clutch or a sprag one-way clutch structure.
  • the motor 300 rotates forward to drive the primary sun gear 410 to rotate.
  • the one-way clutch 600 is in a combined state, and the power transmission state of the compound planetary gear unit is that the primary sun gear 410 is input, the secondary planet carrier 460 is fixed, the primary ring gear 470 and the secondary ring gear 480 are integrated output,
  • the stage ring gear 480 drives the casing 200 to rotate and output power.
  • the casing 200 drives the first gear.
  • the ring 470 and the secondary ring gear 480 rotate synchronously, which is equivalent to the reverse rotation of the motor 300, and the one-way clutch 600 is disengaged.
  • the motor 300 When the bicycle is coasting, the motor 300 is not running and the wheels are moving forward. If there is no one-way clutch 600, the wheels will drive the rotor 310 to rotate, which will have two results. One is that the motor 300 has cogging torque. If there is no one-way clutch 600, the cogging torque will occur after the compound planetary gear unit changes speed. As torque increases, wheel resistance increases. Another is that if there is no one-way clutch 600, the rotor 310 will be driven to rotate when the bicycle is coasting, and the back electromotive force of the motor 300 itself will affect the controller.
  • the reduction ratio is the product of the first-stage and second-stage reduction ratios.
  • the theoretical reduction ratio can reach up to 25, which is greatly improved. Reduction ratio.
  • the reduction ratio is greatly improved, the volume and material cost of the motor 300 are greatly reduced, and the assembly process only repeats the planetary carrier once. Assembly complexity has not increased.
  • the assembly process is simple compared to existing inner rotor gear hub motors on the market, because the main shaft 100 is a whole shaft, and the structural strength and assembly accuracy are also improved.
  • the power-assisted electric bicycle includes a frame, a front wheel, a rear wheel and a hub motor according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the hub motor is arranged on the rear wheel.
  • the hub motor can directly drive the rear wheel to rotate, thereby driving the entire electric bicycle forward. That is, electric bicycles are purely electric vehicles.
  • the hub motor may also be arranged on the front wheel.
  • the power-assisted electric bicycle in the embodiment of the present application also includes components such as pedals, a pedal crankshaft, and a transmission chain.
  • the pedal crank is connected to the pedals, and is connected through transmission connections such as chains. Connected to the wheels to transmit power assist to the wheels.
  • the power of the pedals is transmitted to the wheels, which ultimately drives the wheels to rotate. That is, cyclists can achieve the purpose of riding by stepping on the pedals, and the wheel hub motor plays the role of auxiliary drive. That is, the power-assisted electric bicycle can also be used as a bicycle or a power-assisted electric vehicle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了轮毂电机及助力电动自行车，其中轮毂电机包括主轴（100）、机壳（200）、电机（300）、多级行星减速机构（400）和离合器（500）。机壳（200）转动安装于主轴（100），电机（300）设置于机壳（200）内，多级行星减速机构（400）具有输入端和输出端，输入端与转子（310）固定连接。离合器（500）包括主动部（510）和从动部（520），主动部（510）与输出端固定连接，从动部（5210）与机壳（200）固定连接，其中，输出端相对机壳（200）沿第一方向转动能够使主动部（510）接合从动部（520），输出端相对机壳（200）沿第二方向转动能够使主动部（510）脱离从动部（520）。

Description

轮毂电机及助力电动自行车
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年09月21日提交的申请号为202211150686.3、名称为“轮毂电机及助力电动自行车”的中国专利申请和于2022年09月21日提交的申请号为202211150654.3、名称为“轮毂电机及电动自行车”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电动自行车技术领域，特别涉及一种轮毂电机及助力电动自行车。
 背景技术
相关技术中，助力电动自行车的轮毂电机是由电机、电机轴、外壳组成用于驱动电动自行车前进。轮毂电机常装设于电动自行车的前轮或后轮。轮毂电机大多由电机转子直接驱动车轮前进，在自行车启动、大负载时电机均需要提供很大的扭矩，对电机而言扭矩大意味着体积大、重量重、成本高。为了增大减速比，轮毂电机也有将减速机置于轮毂电机内部，例如外转子带齿轮毂电机和采用了主轴为断轴方案的内转子带齿轮毂电机。但相关技术中的外转子带齿轮毂电机提高减速比需要大幅加大减速机的体积，这与轮毂电机小型化背道而驰。而主轴为断轴方案的内转子带齿轮毂电机结构零件多，装配工艺复杂，产品总成本加上生产成本后并没有太多优势，且结构强度较弱。另外，自行车在滑行的时候，电机不工作，车轮在往前走，会使得车轮带动电机转动。由于电机有齿槽转矩，齿槽转矩经过减速机变速后扭力增加，车轮阻力加大。并且，电机的反电动势会影响控制器。
发明内容
本申请旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本申请提出一种轮毂电机。
本申请另外还提供一种具有上述轮毂电机的助力电动自行车。
根据本申请第一方面实施例的轮毂电机，包括主轴、机壳、电机、多级行星减速机构和离合器。所述机壳转动安装于所述主轴；所述电机设置于所述机壳内，所述电机包括定子和转子，所述定子固定于所述主轴，所述转子转动安装于所述主轴；所述多级行星减速机构设置于所述机壳内，所述多级行星减速机构具有输入端和输出端，所述输入端与所述转子固定连接；所述离合器包括主动部和从动部，所述主动部与所述输出端固定连接，所述从动部与所述机壳固定连接。所述输出端相对所述机壳沿第一方向转动能够使所述主动部接合所述从动部，所述输出端相对所述机壳沿第二方向转动能够使所述主动部脱离所述从动部。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述多级行星减速机构包括相连接的一级行星减速系统和二级行星减速系统，所述输入端设置于所述一级行星减速系统，所述输出端设置于所述二级行星减速系统。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述一级行星减速系统包括一级行星轮、一级太阳轮、一级行星架和一级齿圈，所述一级太阳轮构成所述输入端并固定连接所述转子，所述一级行星架转动安装于所述主轴，所述一级行星轮转动安装于所述一级行星架并同时啮合所述一级太阳轮和所述一级齿圈，所述二级行星减速系统包括二级行星轮、二级太阳轮、二级行星架和二级齿圈，所述二级太阳轮固定于所述一级行星架，所述二级行星架固定于所述主轴，所述二级行星轮转动安装于所述二级行星架并同时啮合所述二级太阳轮和所述二级齿圈，所述二级齿圈构成所述输出端且其一端与所述一级齿圈固定连接，另一端与所述主动部固定连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述一级行星轮设置有多个，所述一级行星架设置有与所述一级行星轮一一对应的转轴，所述一级行星轮转动安装于所述转轴。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述二级太阳轮与所述一级行星架为一体结构，或者所述二级太阳轮与所述一级行星架粘接、过盈连接或通过螺钉连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述离合器为楔块式单向离合器或滚柱式单向离合器或棘轮式单向离合器。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述主动部与所述一级齿圈、所述二级齿圈为一体结构。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述机壳包括外壳和端盖，所述外壳和所述端盖围设形成有安装腔，所述电机、所述多级行星减速机构和所述离合器设置于所述安装腔。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述外壳通过第一轴承转动安装于所述主轴，所述端盖通过第二轴承转动安装于所述主轴。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电机为内转子电机或外转子电机或盘式电机。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述电机还包括支架，所述定子安装于所述支架，所述支架固定连接所述主轴。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述支架设置有连接板，所述连接板开设有连接孔，所述主轴设置有安装板，所述安装板开设有与所述连接孔配合的安装孔；或者所述支架与所述主轴过盈连接、键连接、粘接或焊接。
根据本申请的第二方面实施例的轮毂电机，包括机壳、主轴、电机、多级行星减速机构和单向离合器，所述主轴贯穿所述机壳，且能够与所述机壳相对转动；所述电机安装于所述主轴，包括定子和转子，所述定子与所述主轴固定连接，所述转子与所述主轴同轴设置并能够相对转动；所述多级行星减速机构包括一级行星减速系统和二级行星减速系统，所述一级行星减速系统包括一级太阳轮、一级齿圈、一级行星轮、一级行星架，所述一级太阳轮连接所述转子，所述一级齿圈固定于所述机壳，所述一级行星轮分别与所述一级太阳轮、所述一级齿圈啮合；所述二级行星减速系统包括二级太阳轮、二级齿圈、二级行星轮、二级行星架，所述二级太阳轮固定连接于所述一级行星架，所述二级齿圈固定于所述机壳，所述二级行星轮分别与所述二级太阳轮、所述二级齿圈啮合；所述二级行星架与所述主轴通过所述单向离合器连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述单向离合器包括固定件和活动件，所述固定件固定连接于所述主轴，所述活动件与所述二级行星架为一体件，或所述活动件与所述二级行星架粘接、过盈连接或通过螺钉连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述一级太阳轮与所述转子为一体件，或所述一级太阳轮与所述转子包塑成型、粘接、过盈连接或通过螺钉连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述二级太阳轮与所述一级行星架为一体件，或所述二级太阳轮与所述一级行星架粘接、过盈连接或通过螺钉连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述一级齿圈和所述二级齿圈为一体结构或通过花键连接。
根据本申请的一些实施例，所述一级齿圈和所述二级齿圈中的至少一个，与所述机壳粘接、过盈连接、通过花键连接或通过螺钉连接。
根据本申请的第三方面实施例的助力电动自行车，包括本申请的第一和第二方面实施例的轮毂电机
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
 附图说明
图1是本申请一实施例的轮毂电机的剖视结构示意图；
图2为图1示出的轮毂电机的分解结构示意图；
图3为图1示出的电机与主轴的分解结构示意图；
图4为图1示出的的多级行星减速机构的分解结构示意图；
图5为图1示出的的离合器的分解结构示意图；
图6为本申请另一实施例的轮毂电机的剖视结构示意图；
图7为图6示出的轮毂电机的分解结构示意图；以及
图8为图6示出的轮毂电机的另一个方向的分解结构示意图。
附图标记：
主轴100；安装板110；安装孔111；
机壳200；外壳210；第一轴承211；端盖220；第二轴承221；
电机300；转子310；定子320；支架330；连接板331；连接孔332；
多级行星减速机构400；一级太阳轮410；一级行星轮420；一级行星架430；转轴431；二级太阳轮440；二级行星轮450；二级行星架460；一级齿圈470；二级齿圈480；
离合器500；主动部510；从动部520；滚柱530；
单向离合器600；固定件610；活动件620。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，涉及到方位描述，例如上、下、前、后、左、右等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，若干的含义是一个或者多个，多个的含义是两个以上，大于、小于、超过等理解为不包括本数，以上、以下、以内等理解为包括本数。如果有描述到第一、第二只是用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的限定，设置、安装、连接、装配、配合等词语应做广义理解，所属技术领域技术人员可以接合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本申请中的具体含义。
相关技术中，相关技术中，助力电动自行车轮毂电机驱动系统因价格优势及改装简便在电动自行车行业占有一定的市场。因为结构简单，维护方便，噪音低等优势，最早的助力电动自行车轮毂电机采用的大多是直驱方案。
随着技术和材料的发展，采用塑料齿轮大幅降低了传动系统的噪音。虽然带减速的轮毂电机相比直驱轮毂电机噪音略大，但是有体积小、重量轻、轮毂电机扭力大等优势，特别是随着磁性材料的价格大幅上涨，带减速的轮毂电机因为磁性材料用量少，成本有了极大优势。提高减速比，将电机及轮毂电机做到更小、更轻是助力电动自行车轮毂电机发展的主要思路和方向。
目前，有齿轮毂电机的电机分有内转子和外转子两种。市场上的外转子带齿轮毂电机定子固定在主轴上，转子上安装太阳轮，行星架固定在主轴上，动力经过行星齿轮减速系统减速，由内齿圈输出到轮毂外壳。在太阳轮输入，行星架固定，内齿圈输出的行星轮系统中，减速比是内齿圈与太阳轮齿数之比，太阳轮齿数作为分母对减速比值的影响较大。由于外转子带齿轮毂电机结构上主轴要穿过太阳轮中心，导致太阳轮直径较大，想要提高减速比需要大幅加大内齿圈直径，这与轮毂电机小型化背道而驰。市场上现有的产品，250W电机减速比通常是4.42。部分采用双联行星齿轮结构的产品，减速比也不超过8。
市场上的内转子带齿轮毂电机，为了提升减速比将太阳轮做小，同时因为结构上允许，主轴采用了断轴方案。总成的固定件依次为左端轴、电机机壳、行星架、右端轴。电机的定子和转子都在电机机壳内，动力由转子带动太阳轮，经过行星齿轮减速系统减速，由内齿圈输出到轮毂外壳。相比外转子带齿轮毂电机，由于太阳轮直径小，再加上行星轮采用双联结构，减速比相比有大幅提高，市场上250W电机的减速比通常做到12左右，理论最高能做到15。虽然内转子方案的材料成本低于外转子，但是内转子方案结构零件多，装配工艺复杂，产品总成本加上生产成本后并没有太多优势。同时内转子方案采用的是断轴结构，导致结构强度弱于外转子方案，总成的装配精度也难以保证，因此产品可靠性一直不如外转子方案，因此市场上内转子带齿轮毂电机的使用数量一直都低于外转子带齿轮毂电机。
为了解决上述的至少一个技术问题，本申请提出一种轮毂电机，其能够获得较大的减速比，同时装配工艺更简单。
参照图1至图2，本申请第一方面实施例提供的一种轮毂电机，包括主轴100、机壳200、电机300、多级行星减速机构400和离合器500。主轴100固定设置，机壳200安装于主轴100上并能够相对主轴100转动。电机300设置于机壳200的内部，电机300包括定子320和转子310，定子320固定安装于主轴100上，转子310安装于主轴100上并能够相对主轴100转动。多级行星减速机构400设置于机壳200内，多级行星减速机构400可以是二级行星减速机构，也可以是三级或更多级的行星减速机构，多级行星减速机构400具有较大的减速比，从而能够提供更大的输出扭矩以助力车辆行驶。多级行星减速机构400具有输入端和输出端，其中输入端与转子310固定连接。离合器500为单向离合器，其设置于机壳200的内部，离合器500包括主动部510和从动部520，主动部510与多级行星减速机构400的输出端固定连接，从动部520与机壳200固定连接。当轮毂电机运行，输出端相对机壳200沿第一方向转动的时候，主动部510能够接合从动部520，从而使得输出端带动机壳200转动，实现助力的功能。当车辆处于滑行或者人力骑行等不需要电机300助力的状态，机壳200的转速大于输出端的转速，此时输出端相对机壳200沿第二方向转动，主动部510脱离从动部520，从而避免电机300和多级行星减速机构400阻挡机壳200转动，减少机壳200转动的阻力。第一方向和第二方向中的其中一者为顺时针方向，另一者为逆时针方向，即第一方向和第二方向相反。
轮毂电机运行时，转子310带动多级行星减速机构400的输入端转动，经过多级行星减速机构400减速后，再由多级行星减速机构400的输出端带动离合器500的主动部510沿第一方向转动，此时主动部510与从动部520接合从而带动机壳200转动，使得机壳200能够带动安装在其上的车轮转动，当车辆处于滑行或人力骑行等不需要电机300助力的状态时，输出端相对机壳200沿第二方向转动使得主动部510脱离从动部520，从而可以减少机壳200转动的阻力。该轮毂电机通过多级行星减速机构400进行减速，从而能够获得较大的减速比，例如多级行星减速机构400为二级行星减速机构时，其减速比能达到25，相比现有的轮毂电机的减速比具有大幅度的提高，当电机300为外转子电机时，相比市场上现有的外转子带齿轮毂电机，该轮毂电机的减速比有大幅提高，而且电机300的体积、材料成本大幅下降，组装工艺仅为重复了行星架的组装，因此装配的复杂度并未提升。当电机300为内转子电机时，相比市场上现有的内转子带齿轮毂电机，该轮毂电机的装配工艺更为简单，而且由于主轴100为整轴结构，因此结构强度和装配精度也得到提高；而且该轮毂电机能够通过离合器500实现机壳200和多级行星减速机构400的输出端的自动离合，在需要通过电机300助力时主动部510能够结合从动部520带动机壳200转动，在不需要电机300助力时能够使主动部510脱离从动部520以降低机壳200转动的阻力，从而有利于提高车辆行驶的顺畅性。
参照图2和图4，在本申请的一些实施例中，多级行星减速机构400为二级行星减速机构，其包括一级行星减速系统和二级行星减速系统，其中一级行星减速系统包括一级行星轮420、一级太阳轮410、一级行星架430和一级齿圈470，一级太阳轮410固定于转子310，一级行星架430转动安装于主轴100，一级行星轮420转动安装于一级行星架430并啮合一级太阳轮410，一级齿圈470设于一级行星轮420的外周并与一级行星轮420啮合。二级行星减速系统包括二级行星轮450、二级太阳轮440、二级行星架460和二级齿圈480，二级太阳轮440固定于一级行星架430，二级行星架460固定于主轴100，二级行星轮450转动安装于二级行星架460并啮合二级太阳轮440，二级齿圈480设于二级行星轮450的外周并与二级行星轮450啮合，二级齿圈480的一端与一级齿圈470固定连接，另一端与主动部510固定连接。一级太阳轮410作为多级行星减速机构400的输入端，二级齿圈480作为多级行星减速机构400的输出端。轮毂电机运行时，转子310带动一级太阳轮410转动，一级太阳轮410带动一级行星轮420转动，一级行星轮420沿一级齿圈470的内侧转动从而带动一级行星架430绕主轴100转动，使得二级太阳轮440转动，二级太阳轮440带动二级行星轮450转动，由于二级行星架460固定连接于主轴100，因此二级行星轮450带动二级齿圈480转动，从而带动离合器500的主动部510沿第一方向转动，使得主动部510与从动部520接合并带动从动部520转动，从而使得与从动部520固定连接的机壳200转动，从而使安装在机壳200上的车轮转动。
参照图4，可以理解的是，为了使得一级行星减速系统的运行更为可靠，在本申请的一些实施例中，一级行星轮420设置有多个，一级行星架430设置有与一级行星轮420一一对应的转轴431，一级行星轮420转动安装于转轴431。例如，一级行星轮420设置有三个，相应的，一级行星架430的一端设置有沿周向均布的三个转轴431，每个转轴431上转动安装一个一级行星轮420，当然，一级行星轮420可以通过轴承转动安装于转轴431上，从而使得一级行星轮420在一级行星架430上的转动更为顺畅。类似的，二级行星轮450也可以设置有多个，二级行星架460也设置有与二级行星轮450一一对应的转轴，二级行星轮450转动安装于二级行星架460的转轴上。
可以理解的是，为了使得一级行星架430与二级太阳轮440的连接更为可靠，参照图4，在本申请的一些实施例，二级太阳轮440与一级行星架430为一体结构，例如，可以在一个工件上加工出一级行星架430和二级太阳轮440，或者通过注塑等方式一体成型一级行星架430和二级太阳轮440，从而使得两者的连接更为可靠，从而可以有效防止多级行星减速机构400运行过程中，一级行星架430与二级太阳轮440之间发生松动而影响减速效果。当然，二级太阳轮440也可以通过螺栓连接或胶水粘接或过盈连接等方式固定连接于一级行星架430。类似的，一级太阳轮410与转子310也可以为一体结构，一级太阳轮410也可以通过螺栓连接或胶水连接或过盈连接等方式固定于转子310。
需要说明的是，在本申请的一些实施例中，离合器500可以是楔块式单向离合器，也可以是滚柱式单向离合器，还可以是棘轮式单向离合器，可以根据实际需要而选择合适结构的单向离合器。
参照图5，可以理解的是，在本申请的一些实施例中，离合器500为滚柱式单向离合器，滚柱式单向离合器设置有内圈、外圈和滚柱530，外圈即为主动部510，内圈即为从动部520，外圈围设于内圈的外周，滚柱530活动安装于内圈和外圈之间，外圈相对内圈沿第一方向转动时，外圈能够推动滚柱530卡紧内圈从而带动内圈转动，外圈相对内圈沿第二方向转动时，滚柱530从卡紧的位置松脱，使得外圈不能带动内圈转动。
可以理解的是，在本申请的一些实施例中，为了使得一级齿圈470、二级齿圈480和主动部510的连接更为可靠，可以将主动部510、一级齿圈470、二级齿圈480设置为一体结构，从而使得三者的连接更为可靠，使得动力的传递更为平稳、可靠。制作时，可以在一个工件上加工出一级齿圈470和二级齿圈480，同时在二级齿圈480远离一级齿圈470的一端延伸形成离合器500的主动部510。当然，一级齿圈470和二级齿圈480的齿的结构可以相同，通过在工件上加工一个齿圈，即可实现两个齿圈的功能，从而可以进一步提高加工的便利性。当然，也可以通过注塑成型的方式，将一级齿圈470、二级齿圈480和主动部510一体成型。当然，一级齿圈470、二级齿圈480和主动部510也可以分别独立制作，然后再通过螺栓连接、焊接或粘接等方式相固定。
参照图1和图2，可以理解的是，在本申请的一些实施例中，机壳200包括外壳210和端盖220，外壳210和端盖220围设形成有安装腔，电机300、多级行星减速机构400和离合器500设置于安装腔内。具体的，外壳210和端盖220之间可以通过螺栓连接，或者过盈配合连接，或者是粘接等方式进行连接。
参照图1，可以理解的是，在本申请的一些实施例中，外壳210通过第一轴承211转动安装于主轴100，端盖220通过第二轴承221转动安装于主轴100，从而使得机壳200能够相对主轴100顺畅地转动。
需要说明的是，在本申请的一些实施例中，电机300可以是内转子电机，也可以是外转子电机，或者是盘式电机，可以根据实际需要选择合适结构的电机300。当电机300为外转子电机时，相比市场上现有的外转子带齿轮毂电机，该轮毂电机的减速比有大幅提高，而且电机300的体积、材料成本大幅下降，组装工艺仅为重复了一次行星架的组装，因此装配的复杂度并未提升。当电机300为内转子电机时，相比市场上现有的内转子带齿轮毂电机，该轮毂电机的装配工艺更为简单，而且由于主轴100为整轴结构，因此结构强度和装配精度也得到提高，可靠性更高。
参照图3，可以理解的是，定子320的体积比较大，为了便于将定子320固定在主轴100上，在本申请的一些实施例中，电机300还包括支架330，定子320安装于支架330上，支架330固定连接主轴100，从而使得定子320能够相对主轴100固定。具体的，定子320套接固定于支架330的外侧，支架330设置有与主轴100连接的连接板331，连接板331开设有连接孔332，主轴100的外壁设置有与连接板331配合的安装板110，安装板110上设置有安装孔111，通过螺栓穿设于连接孔332和安装孔111，从而将支架330固定连接于主轴100上，进而使得定子320固定于主轴100，安装操作非常方便。当然，支架330还可以通过过盈连接或键连接或粘接或焊接等方式固定于主轴100，可以根据实际需要选择合适的安装方式。
本申请还提供一种电动自行车，包括车架、车轮以及本申请第一方面实施例的轮毂电机。车轮可以是后车轮或前车轮，其安装于轮毂电机的机壳200上，轮毂电机安装于车架上，轮毂电机能够带动车轮转动从而推动电动自行车行驶。
电动自行车由于采用上述的轮毂电机，轮毂电机运行时，转子310带动多级行星减速机构400的输入端转动，经过多级行星减速机构400减速后，再由多级行星减速机构400的输出端带动离合器500的主动部510沿第一方向转动，此时主动部510与从动部520接合从而带动机壳200转动，使得机壳200能够带动安装在其上的车轮转动，当车辆处于滑行或人力骑行等不需要电机300助力的状态时，输出端相对机壳200沿第二方向转动使得主动部510脱离从动部520，从而可以减少机壳200转动的阻力。该轮毂电机通过多级行星减速机构400进行减速，从而能够获得较大的减速比，例如多级行星减速机构400为二级行星减速机构时，其减速比能达到25，相比现有的轮毂电机的减速比具有大幅度的提高，而且该轮毂电机能够通过离合器500实现机壳200和多级行星减速机构400的输出端的自动离合，在需要通过电机300助力时主动部510能够结合从动部520带动机壳200转动，在不需要电机300助力时能够使主动部510脱离从动部520以降低机壳200转动的阻力，从而有利于提高车辆行驶的顺畅性。
参照图6至8所示，根据本申请第二方面实施例的轮毂电机同样包括主轴100、机壳200、电机300、多级行星减速机构400和单向离合器600。
具体地，复合行星轮单元包括一级行星减速系统和二级行星减速系统，一级行星减速系统包括一级太阳轮410、一级齿圈470、一级行星轮420、一级行星架430，一级太阳轮410连接转子310，一级齿圈470固定于机壳200，一级行星轮420分别与一级太阳轮410、一级齿圈470啮合。换而言之，一级太阳轮410与主轴100同轴设置，并固定安装在转子310上。一级行星架430与主轴100同轴设置并且能够自由旋转。一级行星轮420安装在一级行星架430的第一行星轮轴上，同时与一级太阳轮410及一级齿圈470啮合。一级齿圈470为内齿圈，并且与主轴100同轴，以及与机壳200固定连接。
二级行星减速系统包括二级太阳轮440、二级齿圈480、二级行星轮450、二级行星架460，二级太阳轮440固定连接于一级行星架430，二级齿圈480固定于机壳200，二级行星轮450分别与二级太阳轮440、二级齿圈480啮合；二级行星架460与主轴100通过单向离合器600连接。二级太阳轮440与主轴100同轴，固定安装在一级行星架430上，从而跟随一级行星架430转动。二级行星架460与主轴100同轴，二级行星轮450安装在二级行星架460的第二行星轮轴上，同时与二级太阳轮440及二级齿圈480啮合。二级齿圈480为内齿圈，并且与主轴100同轴，以及与机壳200固定连接。
继续参照图6至图8所示，可以理解的是，与本申请第一方面的轮毂电机不同的是，单向离合器600安装在二级行星架460与主轴100之间，单向离合器600与主轴100同轴安装并且使得电机300相对主轴100只能进行单向传动。例如，当电机300正向传动时，单向离合器600处于结合状态，为二级行星架460提供支撑，使得电机300带动机壳200转动，进而让助力电动自行车实现前进的动作。当电机300反向传动时，单向离合器600处于脱开状态，电机300的动力无法通过二级行星架460传递到机壳200，避免电机300对机壳200的干扰。
单向离合器600包括和活动件620，固定件610和活动件620之间设置有离合结构，使活动件620正转时与固定件610分离转动，活动件620有反转趋势时与固定件610结合固定。作为单向离合器600的内环，固定连接于主轴100，活动件620作为单向离合器600的外环，与二级行星架460为一体件，或活动件620与二级行星架460粘接、过盈连接或通过螺钉连接。
本实例单向离合器600采用的是滚柱离合器结构，单向离合器600的固定件610通过花键固定在主轴100上，离合器的活动件620与固定件610仅能实现单向转动，以此实现活动件620相对主轴100只能单向转动。可以理解的是，单向离合器600也可采用棘齿单向离合器、楔块单向离合器结构。
本申请实施例的轮毂电机工作时，电机300正转带动一级太阳轮410旋转。此时单向离合器600为结合状态，复合行星轮单元动力传递状态为一级太阳轮410输入，二级行星架460固定，一级齿圈470和二级齿圈480组成的一体件输出，二级齿圈480带动机壳200转动，将动力输出。
机壳200正转转速大于电机300经过复合行星轮单元减速后的转速时，例如自行车滑行、无电骑行、人力骑行速度超过电机300的输出速度等情况时，机壳200带动一级齿圈470和二级齿圈480同步旋转，相当于电机300反转的情况，单向离合器600脱开。
转子310和定子320间存在齿槽转矩，当复合行星轮单元内阻小于齿槽转矩时，可视作一级太阳轮410固定，复合行星轮单元仅克服单向离合器600脱开后的旋转阻力空载转动。当复合行星轮单元内阻大于齿槽转矩时，复合行星轮单元带动太阳轮整体同步旋转，可视作二级齿圈480直接克服齿槽转矩和单向离合器600脱开后的旋转阻力运转。机壳200到转子310的动力不会有变速变扭矩的过程。
自行车在滑行的时候，电机300不运转，车轮在往前走。如果没有单向离合器600，车轮会带动转子310转动，这样会有两个结果，一个是由于电机300有齿槽转矩，没有单向离合器600的话，齿槽转矩经过复合行星轮单元变速后扭力增加，车轮阻力加大。另一个是如果没有单向离合器600，自行车滑行的时候会带动转子310转动，电机300本身的反电动势会影响控制器。
复合行星轮单元因为采用了二级减速，减速比是第一级和第二级减速比的乘积，总成体积与市场上现有的250W相同时，理论减速比最高可达25，大大提高了减速比。
在电机300做成外转子结构时，相比于市场上现有的外转子带齿轮毂电机，减速比有大幅提高，电机300体积、材料成本大幅下降，组装工艺仅为重复了一次行星架的组装，复杂度并未提升。
在电机300做成内转子结构时，相比市场上现有的内转子带齿轮毂电机，装配工艺简单，因为主轴100为整轴，结构强度和装配精度也得到提高。
本申请实施例的助力电动自行车包括车架、前轮、后轮和本申请实施例的轮毂电机，轮毂电机设置在后轮上。轮毂电机可以直接驱动后轮转动，从而带动整个电动自行车前进。即电动自行车为纯电动的车辆。
需要说明的是，在另外一些实施例中，轮毂电机还可以设置在前轮上。
需要说明的是，在另外一些实施例中，本申请实施例的助力电动自行车还包括脚踏板、脚踏曲轴和传动链等部件，脚踏曲柄连接脚踏板，并通过链条等传动连接件连接于车轮，以将助力作用传递至车轮。骑行人员在脚踩脚踏板时，将脚踏的动力传递至车轮，最终带动车轮转动。即骑行人员可以通过踏动脚踏板，达到骑行的目的，而轮毂电机起到辅助驱动的作用。即助力电动自行车还可以作为自行车、助力电动车使用。
上面接合附图对本申请实施例作了详细说明，但是本申请不限于上述实施例，在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本申请宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。

Claims (18)

  1. 轮毂电机，包括：
    主轴；
    机壳，转动安装于所述主轴；
    电机，设置于所述机壳内，所述电机包括定子和转子，所述定子固定于所述主轴，所述转子转动安装于所述主轴；
    多级行星减速机构，设置于所述机壳内，所述多级行星减速机构具有输入端和输出端，所述输入端与所述转子固定连接；以及
    离合器，包括主动部和从动部，所述主动部与所述输出端固定连接，所述从动部与所述机壳固定连接；
    其中，所述输出端相对所述机壳沿第一方向转动能够使所述主动部接合所述从动部，所述输出端相对所述机壳沿第二方向转动能够使所述主动部脱离所述从动部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述多级行星减速机构包括相连接的一级行星减速系统和二级行星减速系统，所述输入端设置于所述一级行星减速系统，所述输出端设置于所述二级行星减速系统。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述一级行星减速系统包括一级行星轮、一级太阳轮、一级行星架和一级齿圈，所述一级太阳轮构成所述输入端并固定连接所述转子，所述一级行星架转动安装于所述主轴，所述一级行星轮转动安装于所述一级行星架并同时啮合所述一级太阳轮和所述一级齿圈，所述二级行星减速系统包括二级行星轮、二级太阳轮、二级行星架和二级齿圈，所述二级太阳轮固定于所述一级行星架，所述二级行星架固定于所述主轴，所述二级行星轮转动安装于所述二级行星架并同时啮合所述二级太阳轮和所述二级齿圈，所述二级齿圈构成所述输出端且其一端与所述一级齿圈固定连接，另一端与所述主动部固定连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述一级行星轮设置有多个，所述一级行星架设置有与所述一级行星轮一一对应的转轴，所述一级行星轮转动安装于所述转轴。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述二级太阳轮与所述一级行星架为一体结构，或者所述二级太阳轮与所述一级行星架粘接、过盈连接或通过螺钉连接。
  6. 根据权利要求3至5任一项所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述离合器为楔块式单向离合器或滚柱式单向离合器或棘轮式单向离合器。
  7. 根据权利要求3至6任一项所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述主动部与所述一级齿圈、所述二级齿圈为一体结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述机壳包括外壳和端盖，所述外壳和所述端盖围设形成有安装腔，所述电机、所述多级行星减速机构和所述离合器设置于所述安装腔。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述外壳通过第一轴承转动安装于所述主轴，所述端盖通过第二轴承转动安装于所述主轴。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9任一项所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述电机为内转子电机或外转子电机或盘式电机。
  11. 根据权利要求1至10任一项所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述电机还包括支架，所述定子安装于所述支架，所述支架固定连接所述主轴。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述支架设置有连接板，所述连接板开设有连接孔，所述主轴设置有安装板，所述安装板开设有与所述连接孔配合的安装孔；或者所述支架与所述主轴过盈连接、键连接、粘接或焊接。
  13. 轮毂电机，包括：
    机壳；
    主轴，贯穿所述机壳，且能够与所述机壳相对转动；
    电机，安装于所述主轴，包括定子和转子，所述定子与所述主轴固定连接，所述转子与所述主轴同轴设置并能够相对转动；
    多级行星减速机构，包括一级行星减速系统和二级行星减速系统，所述一级行星减速系统包括一级太阳轮、一级齿圈、一级行星轮、一级行星架，所述一级太阳轮连接所述转子，所述一级齿圈固定于所述机壳，所述一级行星轮分别与所述一级太阳轮、所述一级齿圈啮合；所述二级行星减速系统包括二级太阳轮、二级齿圈、二级行星轮、二级行星架，所述二级太阳轮固定连接于所述一级行星架，所述二级齿圈固定于所述机壳，所述二级行星轮分别与所述二级太阳轮、所述二级齿圈啮合；以及
    单向离合器，所述二级行星架与所述主轴通过所述单向离合器连接。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述单向离合器包括固定件和活动件，所述固定件固定连接于所述主轴，所述活动件与所述二级行星架为一体件，或所述活动件与所述二级行星架粘接、过盈连接或通过螺钉连接。
  15. 根据权利要求13或14所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述一级太阳轮与所述转子为一体件，或所述一级太阳轮与所述转子包塑成型、粘接、过盈连接或通过螺钉连接。
  16. 根据权利要求13至15任一项所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述一级齿圈和所述二级齿圈为一体结构或通过花键连接。
  17. 根据权利要求13至16任一项所述的轮毂电机，其中，所述一级齿圈和所述二级齿圈中的至少一个，与所述机壳粘接、过盈连接、通过花键连接或通过螺钉连接。
  18. 助力电动自行车，包括权利要求1至17任一项所述的轮毂电机。
PCT/CN2023/086322 2022-09-21 2023-04-04 轮毂电机及助力电动自行车 Ceased WO2024060578A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211150654.3A CN115459514A (zh) 2022-09-21 2022-09-21 轮毂电机及电动自行车
CN202211150654.3 2022-09-21
CN202211150686.3A CN115459520A (zh) 2022-09-21 2022-09-21 轮毂电机及助力电动自行车
CN202211150686.3 2022-09-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2024060578A1 true WO2024060578A1 (zh) 2024-03-28

Family

ID=90453818

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2023/086322 Ceased WO2024060578A1 (zh) 2022-09-21 2023-04-04 轮毂电机及助力电动自行车

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2024060578A1 (zh)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118948143A (zh) * 2024-09-30 2024-11-15 深圳市八达威科技有限公司 驱动机构、控制方法、控制器、装置及马桶盖
CN120007778A (zh) * 2025-04-17 2025-05-16 华东交通大学 四挡单排两级行星轮系的汽车轮毂电机减速器及调速方法

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013039865A (ja) * 2011-08-12 2013-02-28 Ntn Corp 自転車用ハブユニット、並びにそれを用いた電動補助自転車及び電動二輪車
CN103661762A (zh) * 2013-11-18 2014-03-26 新安乃达驱动技术(上海)有限公司 电动助力自行车及其中置电机驱动系统
CN103944306A (zh) * 2014-04-11 2014-07-23 苏州八方电机科技有限公司 电动自行车轮毂电机
CN107878664A (zh) * 2017-12-13 2018-04-06 天津迪思科博科技发展有限公司 电动自行车的通轴式微型轮毂电机
CN114408084A (zh) * 2021-12-16 2022-04-29 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 中置电机及电动自行车
CN115459514A (zh) * 2022-09-21 2022-12-09 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 轮毂电机及电动自行车
CN115459520A (zh) * 2022-09-21 2022-12-09 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 轮毂电机及助力电动自行车
CN218124495U (zh) * 2022-09-21 2022-12-23 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 轮毂电机及助力电动自行车

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013039865A (ja) * 2011-08-12 2013-02-28 Ntn Corp 自転車用ハブユニット、並びにそれを用いた電動補助自転車及び電動二輪車
CN103661762A (zh) * 2013-11-18 2014-03-26 新安乃达驱动技术(上海)有限公司 电动助力自行车及其中置电机驱动系统
CN103944306A (zh) * 2014-04-11 2014-07-23 苏州八方电机科技有限公司 电动自行车轮毂电机
CN107878664A (zh) * 2017-12-13 2018-04-06 天津迪思科博科技发展有限公司 电动自行车的通轴式微型轮毂电机
CN114408084A (zh) * 2021-12-16 2022-04-29 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 中置电机及电动自行车
CN115459514A (zh) * 2022-09-21 2022-12-09 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 轮毂电机及电动自行车
CN115459520A (zh) * 2022-09-21 2022-12-09 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 轮毂电机及助力电动自行车
CN218124495U (zh) * 2022-09-21 2022-12-23 广东威灵电机制造有限公司 轮毂电机及助力电动自行车

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN118948143A (zh) * 2024-09-30 2024-11-15 深圳市八达威科技有限公司 驱动机构、控制方法、控制器、装置及马桶盖
CN120007778A (zh) * 2025-04-17 2025-05-16 华东交通大学 四挡单排两级行星轮系的汽车轮毂电机减速器及调速方法

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8590655B2 (en) Pedal driven apparatus having a motor
CN115459520A (zh) 轮毂电机及助力电动自行车
CN110203317B (zh) 助力车同轴中置电机及助力自行车
JP3383133B2 (ja) 動力付き自転車の駆動装置
WO2024060578A1 (zh) 轮毂电机及助力电动自行车
CN114379695B (zh) 一种中置电机
CN218124495U (zh) 轮毂电机及助力电动自行车
CN114394191A (zh) 助力装置、中置电机及电动自行车
TWI813246B (zh) 電動助力自行車的動力模組
CN217496448U (zh) 基于双行星轮系传动的助力自行车中置电机
EP4048580B1 (en) A drive system for a side mounted cycle wheel
CN115459514A (zh) 轮毂电机及电动自行车
CN222005283U (zh) 电驱动系统和电动自行车
CN216834139U (zh) 一种电动助力自行车无级变速器
CN216546550U (zh) 助力装置、中置电机及电动自行车
CN106515987A (zh) 电动自行车复合增速驱动装置
CN2251526Y (zh) 自行车电力辅助驱动装置
CN117842257A (zh) 一种快捷安装式大减速比电助力中置电机总成
EP4060203B1 (en) An electric drive for a bycicle
CN213414146U (zh) 一种直驱后置轮毂电机集成自动内变速花鼓结构
CN106043590A (zh) 加速与减速装置以及电动助力自行车
JP3249913U (ja) ホイールハブ駆動構造
CN221498338U (zh) 一种快捷安装式大减速比电助力中置电机总成
CN217778889U (zh) 一种行星轮组中置电机及助力自行车
CN223934897U (zh) 一种体积小中置助力电机以及自行车

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 23866875

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 23866875

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205A DATED 05.08.2025)