WO2024040947A1 - 一种基于深度学习的服务器负载预测方法 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
- H04L67/1004—Server selection for load balancing
- H04L67/1008—Server selection for load balancing based on parameters of servers, e.g. available memory or workload
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
- H04L43/0805—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
- H04L43/0817—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking functioning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/04—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
- G06N3/044—Recurrent networks, e.g. Hopfield networks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/04—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
- G06N3/044—Recurrent networks, e.g. Hopfield networks
- G06N3/0442—Recurrent networks, e.g. Hopfield networks characterised by memory or gating, e.g. long short-term memory [LSTM] or gated recurrent units [GRU]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/04—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
- G06N3/045—Combinations of networks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/04—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
- G06N3/049—Temporal neural networks, e.g. delay elements, oscillating neurons or pulsed inputs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/08—Learning methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/08—Learning methods
- G06N3/084—Backpropagation, e.g. using gradient descent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/16—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
- H04L67/1004—Server selection for load balancing
- H04L67/1012—Server selection for load balancing based on compliance of requirements or conditions with available server resources
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of cloud computing, and specifically relates to a server load prediction method based on deep learning.
- Cloud service providers provide scalable on-demand services to most ordinary application developers, facilitate application development, and reduce server operation and maintenance costs for ordinary developers. Therefore, cloud computing has boomed with the development of the Internet in recent years, and a large number of cloud service providers have emerged. Among them, Amazon and Facebook Cloud can provide cloud services with reliability as high as 99.65%.
- the average CPU utilization of Google clusters is less than 35%, and the CPU utilization of 60% of virtual machines in Microsoft clusters is less than 20%.
- the present invention provides a server load prediction method based on deep learning.
- a deep neural network prediction model is established to optimize peak load prediction.
- a server load prediction method based on deep learning including the following steps:
- the load of the server is targeted at the CPU or memory resources of the server.
- step (1) divide the load utilization sequence of the server in the past period of time into two segments, use the load utilization sequence of the previous period as the sample sequence, and use the load utilization sequence of the later period as the sample sequence.
- the proportion of data in the previous period is greater than that in the later period.
- step (2) for the load utilization sequence of the server in the past period of time, first calculate the autocorrelation coefficient signal of the sequence, and take the abscissa corresponding to the second peak of the correlation coefficient signal. The value is taken as the period length T, and the abscissa value represents the time interval length; then the load utilization sequence of the T time length before the tag sequence is taken as the periodic information.
- the periodic information adaptive model is composed of an encoder module and a decoder module.
- the encoder module includes a downsampling layer, a multi-head self-attention mechanism layer and an LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory, long short-term memory network) layer L1.
- the decoder The module includes LSTM layer L2 and three attention mechanism layers A1 to A3.
- step (4) first divide the sample sequence into two segments and the front sequence is longer than the back sequence, input the front sequence into the downsampling layer for downsampling, and input the downsampled result into the multi-head sequence.
- the self-attention mechanism layer input the back sequence into the LSTM layer L1, input the hidden state of the LSTM layer L1 into the attention mechanism layer A1 as a query, and at the same time input the multi-head self-attention mechanism layer
- the output is used as the key-value pair of the attention mechanism layer A1, the output result of the attention mechanism layer A1 is used as the initial hidden state of the LSTM layer L2, and the output of the LSTM layer L1 is used as the input of the LSTM layer L2; the decoder module needs to The hidden state of the last LSTM layer L2 is input to the attention mechanism layer A2 as a query, and the output of the multi-head self-attention mechanism layer is used as the key-value pair of the attention mechanism layer A2.
- the output of the LSTM layer L2 and the periodic information are jointly used as The key-value pair of the attention mechanism layer A3, and the subsequent sequence of the sample sequence is used as a query for the attention mechanism layer A3.
- the output of the attention mechanism layer A3 is the final prediction result of the model; finally, the relationship between the prediction result and the label sequence is calculated.
- the loss function uses the subgradient descent method to perform backpropagation updates on the model parameters based on the loss function, and continues iterative updates until the loss function minimizes convergence or reaches the maximum number of iterations, that is, the training is completed.
- the present invention provides a method that combines period information, long-term trend information and short-term time series information to improve the accuracy of neural network prediction, and shows superiority over traditional methods in the load peak part.
- the method of the present invention can effectively improve the prediction accuracy and provide cloud service providers with more accurate scheduling and evacuation decision-making basis, thereby reducing the redundant equipment required to ensure high reliability, reducing the operating costs of cloud service providers, and reducing the cost of cloud service tenants. Lease expenses.
- Figure 1 is a schematic waveform diagram of the autocorrelation coefficient signal of the server load utilization sequence.
- Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the neural network used in the present invention.
- the server load prediction method based on deep learning of the present invention includes the following steps:
- the server load value is Xi .
- the length of a period is the k value when the autocorrelation coefficient rises to the highest point again, that is, find a j satisfying ac[j] in the interval of 2 ⁇ k ⁇ n >ac[j+1] and ac[j]>ac[j-1], at this time j is the required period length T.
- step (5) Use the period length T to intercept the substring of length T at the beginning of the load sequence, that is, the first period, denoted as X Term , as the input of step (5).
- the present invention proposes a method for capturing long sequence trend information based on down sampling.
- the present invention uses an equal difference step size to downsample the historical load information starting from the current load, that is, assuming the current time is t, Note down the sampling data as
- the processed downsampled data is obtained As one of the inputs to the decoder in step (4).
- step (2) and step (3) Use the part described in step (2) and step (3) as the encoder, and the decoder is based on the LSTM model; as shown in Figure 2, use the output r obtained in step (3) as the first input i 0 of the decoder LSTM, and then The input of each decoding (Decode) is the last output of the decoder LSTM.
- step (3) Use the hidden states h and c obtained in step (3) as the two queries of the attention mechanism, and use the processed downsampled data obtained in step (2)
- As the key and value of the attention mechanism use the attention mechanism formula to obtain the results of query h and c respectively. make Where [] represents line splicing. Bundle As the initial hidden state of decoder LSTM, let The length of is l, and the hidden state input of each subsequent step of the decoding process is calculated as follows:
- the output obtained by decoding at each step in the above process is used as a sequence of predicted values.
- plen is a hyperparameter, indicating the prediction length, Represents the predicted load at the i-th moment.
- Periodic information X pred how much to trust the prediction information decoded by the decoder
- this invention uses X in as the query (Query), X pred , As the key and value, use the attention mechanism formula (2) to get the final prediction result
- peak data Due to the uneven distribution of peak data and non-peak data in the training data, peak data accounts for about 36% and non-peak data accounts for about 64%. Peak data is the main factor causing service defaults by cloud service providers and has a higher Value Sensitivity. Therefore, the present invention designs a new loss function to correct the peak data prediction error.
- the prediction target value is X target and the model prediction is The time interval for predicting the target value is T, then the loss function is:
- the present invention uses a subgradient descent method for back propagation.
- the sub-gradient of the loss function is: in
- tools such as strace or vtune are used to detect and collect the CPU and memory usage information of each server in the current cluster in real time.
- the model first calculates the cycle length of the server load sequence, and intercepts the first cycle of the load sequence.
- period information starting from the second period, the sliding window mechanism is used, and tlen loads are intercepted each time as the input data of the model, and plen loads are used as the prediction target value X target .
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Abstract
Description
result=softmax(QTK)V#(2)
Claims (8)
- 一种基于深度学习的服务器负载预测方法,包括如下步骤:(1)采集服务器过去一段时间内的负载利用率序列,并将其划分成样本序列和标签序列;(2)提取所述负载利用率序列的周期性信息;(3)建立基于encoder-decoder架构的周期信息自适应模型;(4)将所述样本序列、标签序列以及周期性信息输入至模型中对其进行训练;(5)将服务器当前时间段的负载利用率序列输入至训练好的模型中,即可预测输出服务器未来一段时间的负载利用率序列。
- 根据权利要求1所述的服务器负载预测方法,其特征在于:所述服务器的负载针对的是服务器的CPU或内存资源。
- 根据权利要求1所述的服务器负载预测方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)的具体实现方式为:将服务器过去一段时间内的负载利用率序列分成两段,使前段时间的负载利用率序列作为样本序列,后段时间的负载利用率序列作为标签序列,且前段时间的数据比重大于后段时间。
- 根据权利要求1所述的服务器负载预测方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)的具体实现方式为:对于过去一段时间内服务器的负载利用率序列,首先计算该序列的自相关系数信号,取自相关系数信号第二个峰值对应的横坐标值作为周期长度T,所述横坐标值表示时间间隔长度;然后取标签序列之前T时间长度的负载利用率序列作为周期性信息。
- 根据权利要求1所述的服务器负载预测方法,其特征在于:所述周期信息自适应模型由encoder模块和decoder模块连接组成,encoder模块包括下采样层、多头自注意力机制层以及LSTM层L1,decoder模块包括LSTM层L2以及三个注意力机制层A1~A3。
- 根据权利要求5所述的服务器负载预测方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)的具体实现方式为:首先将样本序列分成两段且前段序列长于后段序列,将前段序列输入下采样层进行下采样,并将下采样后的结果输入多头自注意力机制 层中;将后段序列输入LSTM层L1,将LSTM层L1的隐藏状态输入注意力机制层A1作为查询,同时将多头自注意力机制层的输出作为注意力机制层A1的键值对,注意力机制层A1的输出结果作为LSTM层L2的初始隐藏状态,LSTM层L1的输出作为LSTM层L2的输入;decoder模块在一次解码过程中需将上一次LSTM层L2的隐藏状态输入注意力机制层A2作为查询,将多头自注意力机制层的输出作为注意力机制层A2的键值对,此外将LSTM层L2的输出与周期性信息共同作为注意力机制层A3的键值对,同时将样本序列的后段序列作为注意力机制层A3的查询,注意力机制层A3的输出即为模型最终预测结果;最后计算预测结果与标签序列之间的损失函数,根据损失函数采用次梯度下降法对模型参数进行反向传播更新,依此不断进行迭代更新,直至损失函数最小化收敛或达到最大迭代次数,即训练完成。
- 根据权利要求6所述的服务器负载预测方法,其特征在于:所述损失函数的表达式如下:
其中:表示Xtarget与之间的损失函数,Xtarget为标签序列,为模型预测结果,t为时刻,Xtarget[t]为标签序列中t时刻服务器的负载利用率,为模型预测结果中t时刻服务器的负载利用率。 - 根据权利要求1所述的服务器负载预测方法,其特征在于:该方法结合周期信息、长期趋势信息和短期时间序列信息以提升神经网络预测准确度,并在负载峰值的部分表现出较传统方法的优越性,可以有效提升预测准确度,为云服务提供商提供更准确的调度和疏散决策依据,从而降低保证高可靠性所需的冗余设备,降低云服务提供商运营成本,降低云服务租户租赁开销。
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| CN119363601A (zh) * | 2024-10-18 | 2025-01-24 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | 一种基于预测模型的电力系统触发通信方法及装置 |
| CN119854813A (zh) * | 2024-12-31 | 2025-04-18 | 华中科技大学 | 一种结合深度学习和统计学方法的基站负载预测方法、装置及电子设备 |
| CN120264333A (zh) * | 2025-04-14 | 2025-07-04 | 中国长江电力股份有限公司 | 一种短报文通信系统的动态负载测试方法及系统 |
| CN120523608A (zh) * | 2025-07-24 | 2025-08-22 | 吉林省有云数智科技有限公司 | 一种异构算力平台负载预测方法 |
| CN120929274A (zh) * | 2025-10-11 | 2025-11-11 | 福建理工大学 | 一种自监督多尺度云工作负载预测方法及系统 |
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| CN115378948A (zh) | 2022-11-22 |
| US12542719B2 (en) | 2026-02-03 |
| CN115378948B (zh) | 2024-07-19 |
| US20250030610A1 (en) | 2025-01-23 |
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