WO2024027139A1 - 混合动力系统及作业机械 - Google Patents

混合动力系统及作业机械 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024027139A1
WO2024027139A1 PCT/CN2023/077900 CN2023077900W WO2024027139A1 WO 2024027139 A1 WO2024027139 A1 WO 2024027139A1 CN 2023077900 W CN2023077900 W CN 2023077900W WO 2024027139 A1 WO2024027139 A1 WO 2024027139A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
water
gearbox
engine
input shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/077900
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李载霄
黄贤辉
何华强
张勇
沈元科
李博识
Original Assignee
三一重型装备有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 三一重型装备有限公司 filed Critical 三一重型装备有限公司
Publication of WO2024027139A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024027139A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of power equipment, and in particular to a hybrid power system and working machinery.
  • Operating machinery such as cranes, excavators, pile drivers, mining dump trucks, mixer trucks, etc.
  • Mining dump trucks are mainly used for short-distance round-trip transportation of materials from the loading point to the unloading point.
  • the transportation route is fixed. Its operating conditions have the following characteristics: It is often used in outdoor open-pit mines. The road conditions are complex, with poor road conditions and steep slopes. Moreover, the working conditions of each mine are different. Some are uphill with heavy load and downhill without load, and some are downhill with heavy load and uphill without load. The slopes of each mining area are different, as are the altitudes. Mining dump trucks have short transportation distances, high load-to-weight ratio, and high operating costs (of which fuel costs account for more than 50% of the operating costs of mining dump trucks).
  • the motor and the engine are hybridized by adding a motor to increase the output power of the power system.
  • the existing hybrid system is limited by the layout structure of the motor and the engine. When applied to existing working machinery, , which requires major adjustments to the original structure of the operating machinery, and the installation cost is high and difficult to implement.
  • the present application provides a hybrid power system and a working machine to solve the problem that the hybrid power system in the prior art is inconvenient to be applied to the existing working machine.
  • This application provides a hybrid power system, including: an engine, a clutch, a first motor, a second motor, a motor housing and a gearbox;
  • the gearbox is provided with a first input shaft and a second input shaft;
  • the engine, the first motor and the second motor are coaxially arranged, the engine is connected to the first input shaft through the clutch, the first motor is connected to the first input shaft, and the a second motor connected to the second input shaft;
  • the first motor and the second motor are both arranged in the motor housing.
  • the first motor and the second motor are respectively provided with motor controllers.
  • a suspension bracket which is connected to the suspension point of the motor housing and the gearbox respectively.
  • the water cooling system includes a first water cooling channel provided in the motor housing, and the extension path of the first water cooling channel passes through the motor respectively. Positions on the housing corresponding to the first motor and the second motor.
  • the water-cooling system further includes a second water-cooling channel, and the second water-cooling channel is provided on the box of the gearbox.
  • the motor controllers of the first motor and the second motor are connected in series to the water cooling system.
  • the water-cooling system further includes a water-cooling unit, which is arranged on the rear side of the vehicle cab and located under the brim of the cargo box.
  • a hybrid power system provided by the present application, it further includes an oil cooling device, and the oil cooling device is connected to the inside of the gearbox through a pipeline.
  • a power take-off interface is provided at the rear end of the gearbox.
  • This application also provides a working machine, which includes a vehicle body and a hybrid power system as described above.
  • the vehicle body is provided with driving power and working power by the hybrid power system.
  • the engine, the first motor and the second motor can be hybridized, and the first motor and the second motor are both arranged in front of the gearbox, which can provide larger torque. It makes up for the lack of engine power and torque and meets the high torque requirements of working machinery; at the same time, the first motor and the second motor have the function of adjusting the engine working point to avoid or reduce the operating modes of the engine in the low-efficiency zone, such as high-speed and low-speed crawling. etc. to reduce fuel consumption.
  • energy recovery can be carried out through the first motor and the second motor. During energy recovery, the energy of the rear axle is transferred to the first motor and the second motor through the gearbox to meet the capacity characteristics of the motor and achieve better braking.
  • the engine, the first motor and the second motor are coaxially arranged, and the first motor and the second motor are arranged simultaneously in the motor housing, which can reduce the occupied space, facilitate installation, and be easily applied to existing working machinery. Reduce the difficulty and cost of modification, and reduce the risk of assembly and seal failure of the first motor and the second motor.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the hybrid power system provided by this application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the motor housing of the hybrid power system provided by this application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the water cooling system of the hybrid power system provided by this application.
  • Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram showing the installation position of the water-cooling unit of the hybrid power system provided by this application;
  • Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram showing the position of the suspension point of the hybrid power system provided by this application.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Or integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.
  • connection should be understood in specific situations.
  • the first feature "on” or “below” the second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in intermediate contact. Indirect media contact.
  • the terms “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature is above the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • "Below”, “below” and “beneath” the first feature to the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature has a smaller horizontal height than the second feature.
  • references to the terms “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “an example,” “specific examples,” or “some examples” or the like means that specific features are described in connection with the embodiment or example. , structures, materials or features are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of this application. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification unless they are inconsistent with each other.
  • the hybrid power system according to the embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to Figures 1 to 5, including: starting Machine 1, clutch 2, first motor 3, second motor 4, motor housing 10 and gearbox 7.
  • the gearbox 7 is provided with a first input shaft 5 and a second input shaft 6, and the second input shaft 6 is sleeved outside the first input shaft 5; the engine 1, the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 are coaxially arranged, and the engine 1
  • the clutch 2 is connected to the first input shaft 5, the first motor 3 is connected to the first input shaft 5, and the second motor 4 is connected to the second input shaft 6; both the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 are arranged in the motor housing 10 Inside.
  • the engine 1, the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 are hybridized, which can increase the power of the hybrid system, meet the operating requirements of different working conditions, and can also reduce fuel consumption. Since the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 are installed at the input end of the gearbox 7, the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 are decelerated by the gearbox 7 when running, which can increase the torque to meet the work requirements; during energy recovery At this time, the energy of the rear axle is transmitted to the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 through the gearbox 7, which can meet the capacity characteristics of the motor, achieve better braking effect, and improve fuel saving rate. In addition, when towing in neutral, the transmission 7 is in neutral to disconnect the mechanical connection between the power system and the rear axle without disconnecting the drive shaft 8.
  • the size can be reduced. It occupies a small space and can be installed without making too many adjustments to the layout of the vehicle, which can effectively reduce modification costs and improve applicability.
  • the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 are installed in the same casting (motor housing 10), which can also reduce the risk of assembly and sealing failure of the first motor 3 and the second motor 4.
  • the gearbox 7 adopts a dual-input shaft gearbox 7, and the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 are respectively connected to odd-numbered gears and even-numbered gears, which can realize independent work and collaborative work.
  • the dual-input shaft gearbox 7 shifts gears without power interruption and has a small layout space.
  • the rear end of the gearbox 7 is provided with a power take-off interface. It can be understood that since the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 are both provided at the input end (front end) of the gearbox 7, the power take-off interface can be It is arranged at the rear end of the gearbox 7 and meets the usage requirements of working machinery.
  • the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 are respectively provided with motor controllers 17 (MCUs), forming independent high-voltage circuits without affecting each other. When one motor is not working, it does not affect the work of the other motor.
  • both motor controllers 17 are arranged on the vehicle driving platform, which can reduce vibrations caused by the chassis and facilitate inspection, debugging, and maintenance.
  • clutch 2 is provided with a clutch control motor and is electrically connected to the clutch control motor.
  • the connected clutch controller (CCU) can control the operation of the clutch control motor to control the engagement and disconnection of clutch 2.
  • the motor controller 17 adjusts the number of revolutions of the corresponding first motor 3 or the second motor 4 according to the speed of the engine 1.
  • the clutch controller performs the engagement operation of the clutch 2, as long as Possibly reduce slipping and extend the life of the friction plate.
  • the gearbox 7 is connected to a gearbox controller (TCU).
  • the gearbox controller is electrically connected to the motor that controls gear shifting and power extraction of the gearbox 7 to realize automatic control of the gearbox 7 .
  • the engine controller (ECU), clutch controller, gearbox controller and motor controller 17 are all connected to the vehicle controller (VCU) through the CAN bus.
  • the vehicle controller coordinates the collaborative work of each control unit and switches Different hybrid modes to meet the different working conditions of working machinery.
  • the hybrid power system also includes a water cooling system.
  • the water cooling system includes a first water cooling channel provided in the motor housing 10. The extension path of the first water cooling channel passes through the motor housing 10 and the first water cooling channel respectively.
  • the second motor 4 is disposed on the front side of the first motor 3
  • the liquid inlet 11 of the first water-cooling channel is disposed on the rear of the first motor 3
  • the liquid outlet 12 is disposed on the front of the first motor 3 . Therefore, the water cooling requirements of the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 can be met at the same time, and the structure of the water cooling system can be simplified.
  • the water-cooling system also includes a second water-cooling channel.
  • the second water-cooling channel is provided on the box of the gearbox 7.
  • the cooling liquid of the water-cooling system passes through the second water-cooling channel, it can take away parts of the gearbox 7. heat to achieve water cooling of the gearbox 7.
  • the second water-cooling channel is connected in series with the first water-cooling channel through a water pipe. This arrangement can better adapt to the layout of the first motor 3, the second motor 4 and the gearbox 7, and is more convenient to install.
  • first water-cooling channel and the second water-cooling channel in the embodiment of the present application may adopt a linearly extending channel structure, or may adopt a non-linearly extending channel structure in a shape such as a spiral shape.
  • first water-cooling channel and the second water-cooling channel may be a tubular structure welded and fixed on the casing, or may be a cavity provided in the casing.
  • the liquid inlet 11 and the liquid outlet 12 of the first water cooling channel and the second water cooling channel are respectively provided with sealing joints to facilitate the installation of pipelines.
  • the motor controllers 17 of the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 are connected in series to the water cooling system to achieve cooling of the motor controllers 17 of the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 .
  • the power supply batteries 20 of the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 are connected in series to the water cooling system. to achieve cooling through a water cooling system.
  • the water cooling system also includes a water cooling unit 22.
  • the water cooling unit 22 includes a circulating water pump 14, a radiator 16 and an expansion water tank 15.
  • the first water-cooling channel and the second water-cooling channel are arranged in series.
  • the circulating water pump 14 When the circulating water pump 14 is running, it can drive the cooling water circulation in the expansion water tank 15 to connect the first motor 3, the second motor 4, the gearbox 7, the motor controller 17 and other equipment.
  • the heat inside is carried to the radiator 16 for dissipation.
  • the water-cooling unit 22 is arranged on the rear side of the vehicle cab and is located under the cargo box brim 23, which can facilitate maintenance and debugging, and can also avoid collision damage from foreign objects.
  • electrical components such as the power supply battery 20 of the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 , the high-voltage box 19 , and the electric air conditioner 21 can also be arranged on the rear side of the vehicle cab and located in the cargo area.
  • the hybrid system according to the embodiment of the present application also includes an oil cooling device 18.
  • the oil cooling device 18 adopts an oil cooler and is connected to the inside of the gearbox 7 through pipelines. It can cooperate with the water cooling system to realize water cooling of the gearbox 7. , oil cooling double cooling to maintain the normal operation of the gearbox 7.
  • the oil cooling device 18 is connected in series with the water cooling system, and the oil cooling device 18 can be cooled through the water cooling system.
  • the hybrid system also includes a suspension bracket (not shown in the figure).
  • the suspension brackets are respectively connected to the motor housing 10 and the suspension point 13 of the gearbox 7. Through the suspension The bracket simultaneously supports the first motor 3, the second motor 4 and the gearbox 7, which is conducive to simplifying the overall structure of the hybrid system and making installation more convenient. Further, the suspension bracket is connected to the vehicle frame through a shock-isolating pad to meet the requirement that the motor and the gearbox 7 are vibrated at the same frequency.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a working machine, which includes a vehicle body and a hybrid power system as described above.
  • the vehicle body is provided with driving power and working power by the hybrid power system.
  • the output end of the gearbox 7 in the hybrid system is connected to the axle 9 of the vehicle body through the transmission shaft 8, so as to be suitable for providing driving power to the vehicle body;
  • the power take-off interface of the gearbox 7 can be connected to the power take-off 24,
  • the power take-off 24 is used to provide power for operating equipment such as oil pumps.
  • the type of the working machine is not limited.
  • the working machine may be a crane, an excavator, a pile driver, a mining dump truck, a mixer truck, and other equipment. In other words That is, as long as the working machine can use the hybrid power system in this application.
  • the working machine of the embodiment of the present application uses the hybrid power system of the embodiment of the present application, it can switch to different working modes according to actual working conditions, including pure electric start mode, pure engine 1 drive mode, hybrid drive mode, regeneration mode, etc. Braking mode, parking power generation mode and parking operation mode, each working mode is introduced below:
  • Pure electric start mode When starting, before the preset speed (for example, 15 km/h), the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 are used for driving, the engine 1 is idle, and the clutch 2 is disengaged;
  • the hybrid driving mode includes: 1. The engine 1, the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 are driven simultaneously; 2. Either the first motor 3 or the second motor 4 works together with the engine 1, and the other does not work; 3. Either one of the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 works together with the engine 1, and the other one generates electricity;
  • Regenerative braking mode the clutch 2 is disengaged, the first motor 3 and the second motor 4 generate electricity at the same time, and the power is recovered to the power supply battery 20;
  • Parking power generation mode Clutch 2 is combined, engine 1 drives the first motor 3 to generate electricity, the second motor 4 does not work, and the gearbox 7 is in neutral;
  • the parking operation mode includes: 1. Engine 1 idles, clutch 2 is disengaged, and the first motor 3 or second motor 4 drives the power take-off 24; 2. The first motor 3 and the second motor 4 do not work, the clutch 2 is engaged, and the engine 1 drives the power take-off 24.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及动力设备技术领域，提供一种混合动力系统及作业机械，其中，混合动力系统包括：发动机、离合器、第一电机、第二电机、电机壳体和变速箱；变速箱设置有第一输入轴和第二输入轴；发动机、第一电机和第二电机同轴设置，发动机通过离合器与第一输入轴连接，第一电机连接第一输入轴，第二电机连接第二输入轴；第一电机和第二电机均设置在电机壳体内。本申请提供的混合动力系统及作业机械，能够提供较大扭矩，弥补发动机功率和扭矩的不足，满足大扭矩需求，避免或者减少发动机低效区工作的运行模式；可进行能量回收，实现较好的制动效果，提高节油率；减小占用空间，方便安装，易于应用至现有的作业机械上，减小改装难度和改装成本。

Description

混合动力系统及作业机械
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2022年08月1日提交的申请号为202221998059.0，发明名称为“混合动力系统及作业机械”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及动力设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种混合动力系统及作业机械。
背景技术
作业机械(例如起重机、挖掘机、桩机、矿用自卸车、搅拌车等)由于自身重量比较大，作业环境复杂，且需要进行施工作业或重物运输等操作，其对动力系统的要求较高。
以矿用自卸车为例，矿用自卸车主要用于将物料从装料点运输至卸料点的短距离往返运输，运输线路固定，其作业工况具有以下特点：常用于野外露天矿，路况复杂，道路条件差，坡度大。并且，每个矿山的工况都不一样，有些是重载上坡空载下坡，有些是重载下坡空载上坡。各矿区的坡度不一样，海拔高度同样存在差异。矿用自卸车的运距短，载重自重比高，运营成本高(其中燃油费用占矿用自卸车运营成本50％以上)。随着矿山运输设备的大型化发展，且矿山运输道路坡度较大，对动力系统的功率要求较大。同时，由于矿山坡度较大，车辆运行过程中上坡需要较大功率，下坡时，为避免超速，需要使用制动器限制车速，不仅造成摩擦片的加速损耗，且使下坡时的功率白白损失掉。
部分现有技术中，通过增加电机，将电机与发动机混动，以增加动力系统的输出功率，但现有的混动系统受电机与发动机布置结构的限制，应用至现有的作业机械中时，需要对作业机械的原有结构进行较大的调整，安装成本高，且不易实现。
发明内容
本申请提供一种混合动力系统及作业机械，用以解决现有技术中的混合动力系统不便于应用到现有的作业机械中的问题。
本申请提供一种混合动力系统，包括：发动机、离合器、第一电机、第二电机、电机壳体和变速箱；
所述变速箱设置有第一输入轴和第二输入轴；
所述发动机、所述第一电机和所述第二电机同轴设置，所述发动机通过所述离合器与所述第一输入轴连接，所述第一电机连接所述第一输入轴，所述第二电机连接所述第二输入轴；
所述第一电机和所述第二电机均设置在所述电机壳体内。
根据本申请提供的一种混合动力系统，所述第一电机和所述第二电机分别对应设置有电机控制器。
根据本申请提供的一种混合动力系统，还包括悬挂支架，所述悬挂支架分别连接所述电机壳体和所述变速箱的悬置点。
根据本申请提供的一种混合动力系统，还包括水冷系统，所述水冷系统包括设置在所述电机壳体内的第一水冷通道，所述第一水冷通道的延伸路径分别经过所述电机壳体上与所述第一电机和所述第二电机对应的位置。
根据本申请提供的一种混合动力系统，所述水冷系统还包括第二水冷通道，所述第二水冷通道设置在变速箱的箱体上。
根据本申请提供的一种混合动力系统，所述第一电机和所述第二电机的电机控制器串接在所述水冷系统上。
根据本申请提供的一种混合动力系统，所述水冷系统还包括水冷机组，所述水冷机组布置在车辆驾驶室的后侧，且位于货箱帽檐的下部。
根据本申请提供的一种混合动力系统，还包括油冷设备，所述油冷设备通过管路连通至所述变速箱的内部。
根据本申请提供的一种混合动力系统，所述变速箱的后端设置有取力接口。
本申请还提供一种作业机械，包括车体和如上所述的混合动力系统，所述车体由所述混合动力系统提供行驶动力和作业动力。
本申请提供的混合动力系统，发动机、第一电机和第二电机可以进行混动，并且第一电机和第二电机均布置在变速箱前，能够提供较大扭矩， 弥补发动机功率和扭矩的不足，满足作业机械的大扭矩需求；同时，第一电机、第二电机具备调整发动机工作点的作用，避免或者减少发动机低效区工作的运行模式，如高速、低速爬行等，以降低油耗。并且，通过第一电机和第二电机能够进行能量回收，能量回收时，后桥的能量均通过变速箱传递到第一电机和第二电机当中，满足电机的能力特性，实现较好的制动效果，提高节油率。另外，发动机、第一电机和第二电机同轴设置，第一电机和第二电机同时设置在电机壳体内，可以减小占用的空间，方便安装，易于应用至现有的作业机械上，减小改装难度和改装成本，减少第一电机与第二电机的装配和密封失效的风险。
进一步地，在本申请提供的作业机械中，由于具备如上所述的混合动力系统，因此同样具备如上所述的优势。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请提供的混合动力系统的整体结构示意图；
图2是本申请提供的混合动力系统的电机壳体的结构示意图；
图3是本申请提供的混合动力系统的水冷系统的结构示意图；
图4是本申请提供的混合动力系统表现水冷机组安装位置的结构示意图；
图5是本申请提供的混合动力系统表现悬置点位置的结构示意图；
附图标记：1、发动机；2、离合器；3、第一电机；4、第二电机；5、第一输入轴；6、第二输入轴；7、变速箱；8、传动轴；9、车桥；10、电机壳体；11、进液口；12、出液口；13、悬置点；14、水泵；15、膨胀水箱；16、散热器；17、电机控制器；18、油冷设备；19、高压盒；20、供电电池；21、电空调；22、水冷机组；23、货箱帽檐；24、取力器。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下 实施例用于说明本申请，但不能用来限制本申请的范围。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请实施例的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本申请实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本申请实施例中的具体含义。
在本申请实施例中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请实施例的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
下面结合图1至图5描述本申请实施例的混合动力系统，包括：发动 机1、离合器2、第一电机3、第二电机4、电机壳体10和变速箱7。变速箱7设置有第一输入轴5和第二输入轴6，第二输入轴6套设在第一输入轴5外侧；发动机1、第一电机3和第二电机4同轴设置，发动机1通过离合器2与第一输入轴5连接，第一电机3连接第一输入轴5，第二电机4连接第二输入轴6；第一电机3和第二电机4均设置在电机壳体10内。
根据本申请实施例的混合动力系统，将发动机1、第一电机3和第二电机4进行混动，可以提高混合动力系统的功率，满足不同工况的作业需求，并且还可以降低油耗。由于第一电机3和第二电机4安装在变速箱7的输入端，第一电机3和第二电机4运行时经过变速箱7的减速，可以增大扭矩，满足作业需求；在进行能量回收时，后桥的能量通过变速箱7传递至第一电机3和第二电机4，可以满足电机的能力特性，实现较好的制动效果，提高节油率。另外，空挡拖车时，变速箱7挂空挡，即可断开动力系统与后桥的机械连接，不需断开传动轴8。
根据本申请实施例的混合动力系统，由于发动机1、第一电机3和第二电机4同轴设置，且第一电机3和第二电机4同时设置在电机壳体10内，可以减小其占用的空间，无需对整车的布局做出过多的调整即可实现安装，能够有效降低改装成本，提高适用性。第一电机3和第二电机4安装在同一个铸件(电机壳体10)内，还能够减小第一电机3与第二电机4的装配和密封失效的风险。
本申请实施例中，变速箱7采用双输入轴的变速箱7，第一电机3和第二电机4分别对应连接至奇数档和偶数档，可以实现单独工作和协同工作。双输入轴的变速箱7换挡无动力中断，布置空间小，
可选地，变速箱7的后端设置有取力接口，可以理解的是，由于第一电机3和第二电机4均设置在变速箱7的输入端(前端)，因此可以将取力接口布置在变速箱7的后端，符合作业机械的使用需求。
在本申请一些实施例中，第一电机3和第二电机4分别对应设置有电机控制器17(MCU)，形成独立的高压回路，互不影响。当一个电机不工作时，不影响另一个电机的工作。可选地，两个电机控制器17均布置在整车驾驶平台上，可以减少底盘带来的震动，也方便检查、调试、维修。
可选地，离合器2对应设置有离合控制电机和与该离合控制电机电连 接的离合控制器(CCU)，离合控制器能够控制离合控制电机运行从而控制离合器2的接合和断开。当需要离合器2工作时，电机控制器17根据发动机1的转速调整对应的第一电机3或第二电机4的转数，在满足同速段时，离合控制器执行离合器2的接合操作，尽可能的减少滑磨，延长摩擦片寿命。
可选地，变速箱7连接有变速箱控制器(TCU)，变速箱控制器与控制变速箱7换挡和取力的电机电连接，实现变速箱7的自动控制。
进一步地，发动机控制器(ECU)、离合控制器、变速箱控制器和电机控制器17均通过CAN总线与整车控制器(VCU)连接，整车控制器协调各控制单元的协同工作，切换不同的混动模式，以满足作业机械的不同工况需求。
根据本申请实施例的混合动力系统，还包括水冷系统，水冷系统包括设置在电机壳体10内的第一水冷通道，第一水冷通道的延伸路径分别经过电机壳体10上与第一电机3和第二电机4对应的位置。例如，第二电机4设置在第一电机3的前侧，第一水冷通道的进液口11设置在第一电机3的后部，出液口12设置第一电机3的前部。由此，可以同时满足第一电机3和第二电机4的水冷需求，简化水冷系统的结构。
在本申请一些实施例中，水冷系统还包括第二水冷通道，第二水冷通道设置在变速箱7的箱体上，水冷系统的冷却液经过第二水冷通道时可以带走变速箱7的部分热量，实现变速箱7的水冷降温。在一些可选方式中，第二水冷通道通过水管与第一水冷通道串联，此种设置方式能够更好地适应第一电机3、第二电机4和变速箱7的布置形式，安装更加方便。
可以理解的是，本申请实施例中的第一水冷通道和第二水冷通道可以采用直线延伸的通道结构，也可以采用例如螺旋状等形状的非直线延伸的通道结构。并且第一水冷通道和第二水冷通道可以为在壳体上焊接固定的管状结构，也可以为设置在壳体内的空腔。第一水冷通道和第二水冷通道的进液口11和出液口12分别设置密封接头，以便于安装管路。
可选地，第一电机3和第二电机4的电机控制器17串接在水冷系统上，实现对第一电机3和第二电机4的电机控制器17冷却降温。
进一步地，第一电机3和第二电机4的供电电池20串接在水冷系统 上，以通过水冷系统实现降温。
如图3所示，根据本申请实施例的混合动力系统，水冷系统还包括水冷机组22，水冷机组22包括循环水泵14、散热器16和膨胀水箱15，循环水泵14与膨胀水箱15、散热器16、第一水冷通道和第二水冷通道串联设置，循环水泵14运行时可以驱动膨胀水箱15内的冷却水循环，将第一电机3、第二电机4、变速箱7、电机控制器17等设备内的热量携带至散热器16散出。
如图4所示，水冷机组22布置在车辆驾驶室的后侧，且位于货箱帽檐23的下部，可以方便检修与调试，还能够避免受到外物的碰撞损坏。
可以理解的是，在一些实施例中也可以将第一电机3和第二电机4的供电电池20、高压盒19以及电空调21等电气元件均布置在车辆驾驶室的后侧，且位于货箱帽檐23的下部。
根据本申请实施例的混合动力系统，还包括油冷设备18，油冷设备18采用油冷器，通过管路连通至变速箱7的内部，可以与水冷系统共同作用，实现变速箱7的水冷、油冷双重冷却，保持变速箱7的正常工作。在一些可选方式中，油冷设备18与水冷系统串联，可以通过水冷系统对油冷设备18进行降温。
如图5所示，在本申请一些实施例中，混合动力系统还包括悬挂支架(图中未示出)，悬挂支架分别连接电机壳体10和变速箱7的悬置点13，通过悬挂支架同时对第一电机3、第二电机4和变速箱7起到支撑作用，有利于简化混合动力系统的整体结构，安装更方便。进一步地，悬挂支架通过隔震垫将悬置支架与车架连接，满足使电机与变速箱7受到同频震动的要求。
本申请实施例还提供一种作业机械，包括车体和如上所述的混合动力系统，车体由混合动力系统提供行驶动力和作业动力。具体地，混合动力系统中的变速箱7的输出端通过传动轴8连接车体的车桥9，以适于为车体提供行驶动力；变速箱7的取力接口可以连接取力器24，通过取力器24为油泵等作业设备提供动力。
在本申请的实施例中，作业机械的种类并不构成限定，例如作业机械可以是起重机、挖掘机、桩机、矿用自卸车、搅拌车等设备中等。换句话 说，只要作业机械能够使用本申请中的混合动力系统即可。
本申请实施例的作业机械，由于使用了本申请实施例的混合动力系统，可以根据实际工况切换至不同的工作模式，其中包括纯电动启动模式、纯发动机1驱动模式、混合驱动模式、再生制动模式、驻车发电模式和驻车作业模式，以下对各工作模式分别进行介绍：
纯电动启动模式：起步时，在预设速度(例如15千米/小时)之前，使用第一电机3和第二电机4进行驱动，发动机1怠速，离合器2分离；
纯发动机1驱动模式：发动机1在高效区或第一电机3和第二电机4的高压系统故障时，离合器2接合，第一电机3和第二电机4不工作，发动机1通过变速箱7驱动整车行驶。
混合驱动模式包括：1、发动机1、第一电机3和第二电机4同时驱动；2、第一电机3和第二电机4中的任一者与发动机1共同工作，另一者不工作；3、第一电机3和第二电机4中的任一者与发动机1共同工作，另一者发电；
再生制动模式：离合器2分离，第一电机3和第二电机4同时发电，电量回收至供电电池20中；
驻车发电模式：离合器2结合，发动机1带动第一电机3发电，第二电机4不工作，变速箱7空挡；
驻车作业模式包括：1、发动机1怠速，离合器2分离，第一电机3或第二电机4驱动取力器24；2、第一电机3、第二电机4不工作，离合器2接合，发动机1驱动取力器24。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种混合动力系统，包括：发动机、离合器、第一电机、第二电机、电机壳体和变速箱；
    所述变速箱设置有第一输入轴和第二输入轴；
    所述发动机、所述第一电机和所述第二电机同轴设置，所述发动机通过所述离合器与所述第一输入轴连接，所述第一电机连接所述第一输入轴，所述第二电机连接所述第二输入轴；
    所述第一电机和所述第二电机均设置在所述电机壳体内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统，其中，所述第一电机和所述第二电机分别对应设置有电机控制器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统，其中，还包括悬挂支架，所述悬挂支架分别连接所述电机壳体和所述变速箱的悬置点。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统，其中，还包括水冷系统，所述水冷系统包括设置在所述电机壳体内的第一水冷通道，所述第一水冷通道的延伸路径分别经过所述电机壳体上与所述第一电机和所述第二电机对应的位置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的混合动力系统，其中，所述水冷系统还包括第二水冷通道，所述第二水冷通道设置在变速箱的箱体上。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的混合动力系统，其中，所述第一电机和所述第二电机的电机控制器串接在所述水冷系统上。
  7. 根据权利要求4至6任一项所述的混合动力系统，其中，所述水冷系统还包括水冷机组，所述水冷机组布置在车辆驾驶室的后侧，且位于货箱帽檐的下部。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统，其中，还包括油冷设备，所述油冷设备通过管路连通至所述变速箱的内部。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统，其中，所述变速箱的后端设置有取力接口。
  10. 一种作业机械，包括车体和如权利要求1至9任一项所述的混合动力系统，所述车体由所述混合动力系统提供行驶动力和作业动力。
PCT/CN2023/077900 2022-08-01 2023-02-23 混合动力系统及作业机械 WO2024027139A1 (zh)

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