WO2024002193A1 - 间接蒸发冷却系统和控制方法 - Google Patents

间接蒸发冷却系统和控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024002193A1
WO2024002193A1 PCT/CN2023/103406 CN2023103406W WO2024002193A1 WO 2024002193 A1 WO2024002193 A1 WO 2024002193A1 CN 2023103406 W CN2023103406 W CN 2023103406W WO 2024002193 A1 WO2024002193 A1 WO 2024002193A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
water
cooling system
storage tank
evaporative cooling
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PCT/CN2023/103406
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐小谦
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/20709—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for server racks or cabinets; for data centers, e.g. 19-inch computer racks
    • H05K7/208—Liquid cooling with phase change
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/20709—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating for server racks or cabinets; for data centers, e.g. 19-inch computer racks
    • H05K7/208—Liquid cooling with phase change
    • H05K7/20827—Liquid cooling with phase change within rooms for removing heat from cabinets, e.g. air conditioning devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the technical field of refrigeration equipment, and in particular, to an indirect evaporative cooling system and a control method.
  • indirect evaporative cooling technology focuses on using air cooling sources and water evaporation to absorb heat and take away heat. It uses the heat and moisture exchange of air and water to achieve cooling and exchanges heat with the hot air in the data center computer room through the air-to-air heat exchange core. There is no direct contact, which avoids contamination of the air in the data center computer room and affects the humidity.
  • indirect evaporative cooling air conditioners have the disadvantage of insufficient cooling capacity in high temperature and high humidity environments, so further supplementary cooling is required.
  • Traditional indirect evaporative cooling air conditioners mostly use compressor supplementary cooling solutions, which have high energy consumption and high operating costs. And there is a lack of reasonable utilization of heat exported from the data center room.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure aim to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • the present disclosure proposes an indirect evaporative cooling system.
  • the indirect evaporative cooling system can use underground water resources to supplement cooling water for the first surface cooler. Since the groundwater has a lower temperature than surface water, it can improve the refrigeration efficiency of the indirect evaporative cooling system.
  • An indirect evaporative cooling system includes an air-to-air heat exchanger.
  • the air-to-air heat exchanger includes: a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a second air inlet, a second air outlet, and an air-to-air heat exchange core.
  • the heat exchange core includes a first air flow channel and a second air flow channel. The first air flow channel communicates with the first air inlet and the first air outlet. The second air flow channel communicates with the second air inlet and the second air outlet.
  • the first air flow channel and The second airflow channels are spaced apart and independent of each other; an internal circulation fan coil assembly is provided on one side of the first air outlet, and the internal circulation fan coil assembly includes a first surface cooler and a first fan; Circulation fan coil assembly, the external circulation fan coil assembly is located on the side of the second air outlet; water supply assembly, the water supply assembly is connected to the input end of the first surface cooler, and the water supply assembly is configured to extract groundwater and input the groundwater into the first surface cooler used as cooling water in the cooler.
  • a control method used in the above-mentioned indirect evaporative cooling system, includes: detecting the ambient dry-bulb temperature when the air-to-air heat exchanger is running; and turning on the spray when the ambient dry-bulb temperature is greater than the first preset temperature. component; after the spray component runs for the first preset time, the ambient wet bulb temperature is detected; when the ambient wet bulb temperature is greater than the second preset temperature, the water supply component is turned on to supply groundwater to the air-to-air heat exchanger.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an indirect evaporative cooling system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of an air-to-air heat exchanger of an indirect evaporative cooling system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the communication between the air-to-air heat exchanger and the spray assembly of the indirect evaporative cooling system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an indirect evaporative cooling system according to further embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of waste heat recovery of an indirect evaporative cooling system according to some embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of waste heat recovery of an indirect evaporative cooling system according to further embodiments of the present disclosure
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of waste heat recovery of an indirect evaporative cooling system according to further embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of steps of a control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the heating core 32 has an indoor air inlet direction 33, an indoor air outlet direction 34, an outdoor air inlet direction 35, an outdoor air outlet direction 36, a heat output direction 37, and a water return direction 38.
  • an indirect evaporative cooling system includes an air-to-air heat exchanger.
  • the air-to-air heat exchanger includes a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a second air inlet, a second air outlet, and an air-to-air heat exchanger.
  • the air-to-air heat exchange core 32 includes a first air flow channel and a second air flow channel.
  • the first air flow channel communicates with the first air inlet and the first air outlet
  • the second air flow channel communicates with the second air inlet.
  • the second air outlet, the first air flow channel and the second air flow channel are spaced apart and independent of each other;
  • the internal circulation fan coil assembly is located on one side of the first air outlet, and the internal circulation fan coil assembly includes the first surface cooler 13 and The first fan 14;
  • the external circulation fan coil assembly is located on the side of the second air outlet.
  • the external circulation fan coil assembly includes a second surface cooler 12 and a second fan 11; the input of the water supply component and the first surface cooler 13
  • the water supply assembly is configured to extract groundwater and input the groundwater into the first surface cooler 13 for use as cooling water.
  • the air-to-air heat exchanger includes an air-to-air heat exchange core 32.
  • the air-to-air heat exchange core 32 includes a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a second air inlet and a second air outlet.
  • An air flow channel and a second air flow channel the first air inlet takes in air from the indoor side, as shown by the direction marked 33 in Figure 1, and the first air outlet discharges air toward the indoor side, as shown by the direction marked 34 in Figure 1,
  • the second air inlet takes in air from the outdoor side, in the direction indicated by the number 35 in Figure 1.
  • the second air outlet discharges air from the outdoor side, in the direction indicated by the number 36 in Figure 1.
  • the first air flow channel connects the first air inlet and the second air inlet.
  • An air outlet, a second air flow channel connected to the second air inlet and the second air outlet, the first air flow channel and the second air flow channel are spaced apart and independent of each other, and the internal circulation fan
  • the coil assembly is disposed on one side of the first air outlet and is configured to drive the indoor airflow into the first airflow channel through the first air inlet and then flow into the room through the first air outlet.
  • the external circulation fan coil assembly is disposed on one side of the second air outlet. , is configured to drive the outdoor air flow into the second air flow channel through the second air inlet and then flow into the outdoors through the second air outlet.
  • the indoor air flow and the outdoor air flow perform heat exchange in the first air flow channel and the second air flow channel respectively, so that the indoor air flow To cool down, the outdoor air flow takes away part of the heat of the indoor air flow.
  • the first air flow channel and the second air flow channel are spaced apart and independent of each other, so that the indoor air flow and the outdoor air flow only exchange heat, but do not mix, ensuring the cleanliness of the indoor air flow. and humidity.
  • the internal circulation fan coil assembly includes a first surface cooler 13 and a first fan 14; the external circulation fan coil assembly includes a second surface cooler 12 and a second fan 11; the water supply assembly and the input end of the first surface cooler 13 connected, the water supply component is configured to extract groundwater and input the groundwater into the first surface cooler 13 for use as cooling water, wherein the cooling water in the first surface cooler 13 and the airflow flowing out of the first air outlet perform another heat exchange, Since the underground water temperature is relatively stable and lower than the surface water temperature, the air flow can be fully cooled to meet the set indoor air supply temperature requirements without increasing the energy consumption of the air-to-air heat exchanger. The heat-exchanged cooling water is eventually discharged underground to prevent geological damage to the groundwater layer.
  • the air-to-air heat exchange core 32 can be made of metal or polymer material.
  • the indirect evaporative cooling system is usually used in a data center computer room.
  • a filter cotton 2 is provided at the first air inlet.
  • the filter cotton 2 has a higher filtration accuracy.
  • the data center The computer room is a highly clean space.
  • Filter cotton 2 can purify the air in the data center computer room.
  • Filter 1 is provided at the second air inlet. Filter 1 is set for coarse dust filtration to remove dust, catkins and other impurities contained in the air. Filtered.
  • the filter screen 1 includes a metal filter screen 1 .
  • the water supply component is also connected to the input end of the second surface cooler 12.
  • the water supply component inputs groundwater into the second surface cooler 12 for use as cooling water, which can simplify the overall structural arrangement of the indirect evaporative cooling system.
  • the cooling water supply of the first surface cooler 13 and the second surface cooler 12 is completed by utilizing the existing water source, and there is no need to set up other additional water source supply components.
  • the groundwater temperature is relatively stable and lower than the surface water temperature.
  • the groundwater is extracted through the water supply component and input into the first surface cooler 13 for use as cooling water, which can flow out from the first air outlet.
  • the air flow is further cooled, which can improve the cooling capacity of the indirect evaporative cooling system and reduce the energy consumption of the air-to-air heat exchanger.
  • the water supply assembly includes a submersible pump 24, a water purification structure and a water storage tank 23 that are connected in sequence.
  • the input end of a surface cooler 13 is connected, in which a submersible pump 24 is configured to pump underground water to the ground, and a water storage tank 23 plays a role in storing water.
  • the water purification structure is configured to purify groundwater, as shown in Figures 1 and 4.
  • the water purification structure includes a cyclone desander 29 and a water softener 28 connected to the output end of the cyclone desander 29.
  • the cyclone desander 29 The input end of 29 is connected to the submersible pump 24, and the output end of the water softener 28 is connected to the water storage tank 23.
  • the cyclone desander 29 can remove large particle impurities, and then through water softening, it can reduce the metal in the groundwater.
  • the ion concentration prevents water from scaling in the air-to-air heat exchange core 32, the first surface cooler 13 and the second surface cooler 12, and prevents water from increasing in the air-to-air heat exchange core 32, the first surface cooler 13 and the second surface cooler 12.
  • the thermal resistance of the second surface cooler 12 reduces the heat exchange capacity.
  • the water storage tank 23 is connected to the first surface cooler 13 through the main pipeline and the first pipeline for water supply, and the water storage tank 23 is connected to the second surface cooler 12 for water supply through the main pipeline and the second pipeline.
  • a first on-off valve 19 is provided on the pipeline to control the opening of the main pipeline.
  • a second on-off valve 16 is provided on the first pipeline to control the opening of the first pipeline.
  • a third on-off valve is provided on the second pipeline.
  • first switching valve 19 is set to control the opening of the second pipeline.
  • the first switching valve 19 , the second switching valve 16 and the third switching valve 15 each include electric valves.
  • a first water pump 27 is also provided in the main pipeline to provide power for supplying water to the first surface cooler 13 and the second surface cooler 12 .
  • the first switching valve 19 only controls the switching of the main pipeline, the second switching valve 16 and the third switching valve 15 Opening control is used to control the flow in the corresponding pipeline to achieve precise control of water temperature.
  • the indirect evaporative cooling system further includes a spray component.
  • the spray component is disposed on one side of the second air inlet, and the spray component is configured to pass through the second air inlet.
  • the airflow entering the air-to-air heat exchanger is cooled.
  • the spray assembly includes a spray head 3, a check valve 4, a second water pump 5, a filter 6, a manual ball valve 7, a water storage tank 8, a liquid level gauge 9, a drainage switch valve 10 and a water replenishment switch valve 17.
  • the shower heads 3 are arranged close to the air-to-air heat exchange core 32.
  • the number of sprinkler heads 3 is generally multiple and arranged in multiple rows and columns.
  • the water mist sprayed by the sprinkler heads 3 is brought into the air-to-air heat exchange core by the outdoor air flow. 32, a water film is formed on the inner wall of the second air flow channel for evaporation and heat exchange.
  • a water receiving tray is provided below the sprinkler head 3, and the water received by the water receiving tray is finally guided back to the water tank through the pipeline.
  • the water in the water storage tank 8 passes through the manual ball valve 7, the filter 6 and the second water pump 5 in sequence and enters the sprinkler head 3, where the manual ball valve 7 is set to be controlled to spray The flow rate of the pipeline supplying water to the shower head 3.
  • the filter 6 is set to filter out impurities in the water to prevent the shower head 3 from clogging.
  • the water pump is set to provide power to transport the water in the water storage tank 8 to the shower head 3. It can be set Two second water pumps 5 are connected in parallel, one for backup and one for use.
  • the liquid level gauge 9 is set to monitor the liquid level in the water storage tank 8.
  • the check valve 4 is set on the pipeline between the second water pump 5 and the sprinkler head 3. In order to prevent the water in the pipeline from flowing back into the water pump due to gravity, the drainage switch valve 10 and the water replenishment switch valve 17 are configured to control the water replenishment and drainage of the water storage tank 8 .
  • the input end of the spray assembly is connected to the second output end of the water storage tank 23.
  • the second output end of the water storage tank 23 is connected to the input end of the water storage tank 8.
  • the water storage tank 23 can supply water to the water storage tank 8.
  • the water mist sprayed by the sprinkler head 3 comes from Groundwater, thus making the water mist ejected by the sprinkler head 3 have a lower temperature and improving the heat exchange capacity of the air-to-air heat exchanger.
  • a water replenishment switch valve 17 is provided on the pipeline connecting the water storage tank 23 and the water storage tank 8 .
  • the indirect evaporative cooling system also includes a chiller 30.
  • the chiller 30 is connected with the water storage tank 23 to form a loop and is configured to introduce the groundwater in the water storage tank 23 into the chiller 30. After cooling down, it is transported back to the water storage tank 23.
  • the third output end of the water storage tank 23 is connected to the input end of the chiller 30, and the second input end of the water storage tank 23 is connected to the return end of the chiller 30.
  • the groundwater in the water storage tank 23 is at a temperature that cannot When the requirements are met, it is transported to the chiller 30 for further cooling and then returned to the water storage tank 23, so that the groundwater temperature provided by the water storage tank 23 for other components in the indirect evaporative cooling system can meet the requirements and reduce air-to-air heat exchange. device energy consumption.
  • a fourth on-off valve 1818 is provided on the pipeline connecting the second input end of the water storage tank 23 and the return end of the chiller 30 , and a pipeline connecting the third output end of the water storage tank 23 and the input end of the chiller 30 is provided on the pipeline.
  • a cooling water loop is formed between the chiller 30 and the cooling tower 31 , a third water pump 22 is provided on the pipeline between the chiller 30 and the cooling tower 31 , and the cooling water is in the condenser in the chiller 30 The heat is removed by heat exchange and the cooling water is sent to the cooling tower 31 for natural cooling through the third water pump 22.
  • the water storage tank 23 inputs the groundwater in the chiller 30 to obtain the cooling capacity in the evaporator in the chiller 30, as shown in the table
  • the coolers (the first surface cooler 13 and the second surface cooler 12) and the water storage tank 8 provide cold water.
  • the indirect evaporative cooling system also includes a waste heat recovery component.
  • the output end of the first surface cooler 13 is connected to the second input end of the heating side of the waste heat recovery component.
  • the first surface cooler 13 The cooling water in the device 13 obtains heat and then heats up and flows into the waste heat recovery component, thereby realizing waste heat recovery and utilization.
  • the second output end of the water storage tank 23 is connected to the input end of the second surface cooler 12, and the output end of the second surface cooler 12 is connected to the heat supply side of the waste heat recovery component.
  • the first input end of the second surface cooler 12 is connected, and the cooling water in the second surface cooler 12 obtains heat and then heats up and flows into the waste heat recovery component. In this way, waste heat recovery and utilization can be realized, and low-grade heat can be recovered.
  • the collected water is then transported to the end of each air conditioner through the heating system pipeline or used as domestic hot water, which can save energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions.
  • the waste heat recovery component includes a water source heat pump unit and a heating heat exchanger.
  • the output end of the first surface cooler 13 is connected to the second input end of the heating heat exchanger.
  • the output end of the surface cooler 12 is connected with the first input end of the heating heat exchanger.
  • the heating heat exchanger is used as the heat source on the evaporation side of the water source heat pump unit, thereby effectively increasing the evaporation temperature of the water source heat pump unit, improving the heating efficiency, and achieving Waste heat recovery and utilization.
  • the heating heat exchanger includes a plate heat exchanger.
  • the flow direction indicated by reference numeral 37 in Figure 1 is the waste heat recovery component providing hot water for domestic water, etc.
  • the flow direction indicated by reference numeral 38 is the return water direction.
  • the indirect evaporative cooling system in the embodiment of the present disclosure is mainly used for cooling the data center computer room. Since the data center generates a large amount of heat, the indirect evaporative cooling system in the embodiment of the present disclosure collects the exported heat to achieve comfortable air conditioning and heating of the building. and domestic hot water supply. Specifically, it is divided into two stages of waste heat recovery device: in summer, the first surface cooler 13 is heated by hot air, the temperature of the water in the pipe rises, the hot water enters the heating exchanger, and provides heat with the chilled water loop of the water source heat pump system to achieve this Recycling and utilization of low-grade heat energy; in winter, due to the low outdoor temperature, the first surface cooler 13 can achieve cooling without supplying groundwater.
  • the groundwater enters the second surface cooler 12 and comes out of the air-to-air heat exchange core 32
  • the hot air exchanges heat, and the temperature of the water in the tube rises and enters the heating heat exchanger to realize waste heat recovery.
  • the CLF calculation results shown above do not include the energy saving effect brought by the waste heat recovery component. Overall, the energy consumption will become lower.
  • control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is used in the above-mentioned indirect evaporative cooling system, including:
  • Step S 1 While the air-to-air heat exchanger is running, detect the ambient dry bulb temperature
  • Step S2 When the ambient dry bulb temperature is greater than the first preset temperature, turn on the spray component;
  • Step S3 After the sprinkler component runs for the first preset time, detect the ambient wet bulb temperature
  • Step S4 When the ambient wet bulb temperature is greater than the second preset temperature, turn on the water supply component to supply groundwater to the air-to-air heat exchanger.
  • Dry Bulb Temperature refers to the temperature measured by a thermometer in ordinary air, which is the temperature often mentioned in general weather forecasts.
  • Wet Bulb Temperature refers to the temperature that the current environment can reach by evaporating water only. The minimum temperature can be determined based on the dry bulb temperature and the relative humidity of the air.
  • the indirect evaporative cooling system is equipped with a thermometer and a humidity detection unit indoors. The dry bulb temperature is detected through the thermometer, and the air temperature is used to detect the dry bulb temperature. The wet bulb temperature is calculated by converting the data from the meter and the humidity detection unit. The greater the relative humidity of the air, the closer the dry bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature will be until they are consistent.
  • first preset temperature and the second preset temperature can be set as needed.
  • first preset temperature is 15°C and the second preset temperature is 18°C.
  • step S2 when it is detected that the ambient dry bulb temperature is less than or equal to the first preset temperature, the operation of the air-to-air heat exchanger is continued and the spray component is not turned on.
  • step S4 when the ambient wet bulb temperature is less than or equal to the second preset temperature, continue to run the sprinkler component for the second preset time, and then detect the ambient wet bulb temperature until the ambient wet bulb temperature is less than or equal to the first preset temperature. , control the spray component to close and maintain the operation of the air-to-air heat exchanger.
  • the second preset time may be the same as or different from the first preset time, and is not limited in this embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the first preset time is set to 10 minutes
  • the second preset time is set to 5 minutes.
  • the control method also includes step S5 of detecting the ambient wet bulb temperature after the water supply component has been running for a third preset time, and continuing to run the spray when the ambient wet bulb temperature is less than or equal to the second preset temperature and greater than the first preset temperature. component and turn off the water supply component.
  • air cooling, evaporative cooling, and underground water cooling are fully utilized, and multiple natural cold sources are fully utilized, which greatly reduces the operating power consumption of the indirect evaporative cooling system.
  • Step S6 detect the liquid level and water temperature in the water storage tank 23; when it is detected that the liquid level and water temperature in the water storage tank 23 meet the requirements, turn on the water supply component.
  • a liquid level gauge and a water temperature gauge are provided in the water storage tank 23 to respectively detect the liquid level and water temperature.
  • the liquid level and water temperature in the water storage tank 23 meet the requirements. Specifically, it means that the liquid level in the water storage tank 23 needs to be higher than the lowest scale line, and the water temperature needs to be lower than the third preset temperature.
  • the third preset temperature is 20°C.
  • step S7 when it is detected that the liquid level in the water storage tank 23 meets the requirements and the water temperature does not meet the requirements, start the chiller 30 to cool the groundwater in the water storage tank 23.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a fixed connection.
  • Detachable connection, or integral connection it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.
  • connection should be understood in a broad sense.
  • it can be a fixed connection or a fixed connection.
  • Detachable connection, or integral connection it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be an internal connection between two components.

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Abstract

本公开实施例涉及一种间接蒸发冷却系统和控制方法，属于制冷设备技术领域，所述间接蒸发冷却系统，包括空空换热器，空空换热器包括：空空换热芯体，空空换热芯体包括第一气流通道以及第二气流通道，第一气流通道连通第一进风口和第一出风口，第二气流通道连通第二进风口和第二出风口，第一气流通道和第二气流通道间隔设置且彼此独立；内循环风机盘管组件，内循环风机盘管组件设于第一出风口一侧，内循环风机盘管组件包括第一表冷器和第一风机；外循环风机盘管组件，外循环风机盘管组件设于第二出风口一侧；供水组件，供水组件与第一表冷器的输入端连通，供水组件设置为抽取地下水并将地下水输入第一表冷器中。

Description

间接蒸发冷却系统和控制方法 技术领域
本公开实施例涉及制冷设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种间接蒸发冷却系统和控制方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着“碳达峰”“碳中和”战略目标的提出，“东数西算”工程的启动，数据中心节能优化成为一个重要的研究课题，一系列相关政策对新建超大型、大型数据中心的PUE限制也越来越严格。制冷能耗在数据中心总能耗中占比可达30％以上，在IT能耗不可避免的情况下，节能减排工作自然围绕怎么减少制冷能耗展开。目前间接蒸发冷却技术、余热利用、自然冷源利用是有效的节能手段，能有效降低数据中心整体PUE，受到广泛的关注。
一般情况下，间接蒸发冷却技术专注于使用空气冷源以及水蒸发吸热带走热量，利用空气和水的热湿交换实现制冷并通过空空换热芯体与数据中心机房热空气进行换热，并不发生直接接触，避免了对数据中心机房空气产生污染对湿度产生影响。但间接蒸发冷却空调存在在高温高湿的环境中制冷能力不足的缺陷，所以需要进行进一步的补冷，传统间接蒸发空调大多采用压缩机补冷的方案，能耗较高，运行成本高。而且缺少对从数据数据中心机房导出热量的合理利用。
发明内容
本公开实施例旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本公开提出一种间接蒸发冷却系统，所述间接蒸发冷却系统能够利用地下水资源对第一表冷器补充冷却水，由于地下水比地表水温度更低，能够提升间接蒸发冷却系统的制冷能力，降低间接蒸发冷却系统的运行能耗。
根据本公开实施例的间接蒸发冷却系统，包括空空换热器，空空换热器包括：第一进风口、第一出风口、第二进风口、第二出风口以及空空换热芯体，空空换热芯体包括第一气流通道以及第二气流通道，第一气流通道连通第一进风口和第一出风口，第二气流通道连通第二进风口和第二出风口，第一气流通道和第二气流通道间隔设置且彼此独立；内循环风机盘管组件，内循环风机盘管组件设于第一出风口一侧，内循环风机盘管组件包括第一表冷器和第一风机；外循环风机盘管组件，外循环风机盘管组件设于第二出风口一侧；供水组件，供水组件与第一表冷器的输入端连通，供水组件设置为抽取地下水并将地下水输入第一表冷器中作为冷却水使用。
根据本公开实施例的控制方法，用于上述的间接蒸发冷却系统，包括：在空空换热器运行时，检测环境干球温度；在环境干球温度大于第一预设温度时，开启喷淋组件；在喷淋组件运行第一预设时间后，检测环境湿球温度；在环境湿球温度大于第二预设温度时，开启供水组件为空空换热器供应地下水。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本公开的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本公开实施例的原理。
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，对于本领域普通技术人员而言，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为根据本公开一些实施例的间接蒸发冷却系统的示意图；
图2为根据本公开实施例的间接蒸发冷却系统的空空换热器的部分结构示意图；
图3为根据本公开实施例的间接蒸发冷却系统的空空换热器与喷淋组件连通的示意图；
图4为根据本公开再一些实施例的间接蒸发冷却系统的示意图；
图5为根据本公开一些实施例的间接蒸发冷却系统的余热回收的示意图；
图6为根据本公开再一些实施例的间接蒸发冷却系统的余热回收的示意图；
图7为根据本公开又一些实施例的间接蒸发冷却系统的余热回收的示意图；
图8为根据本公开实施例的控制方法的步骤示意图。
附图标记：
滤网1，滤棉2，喷淋头3，逆止阀4，第二水泵5，过滤器6，手动球阀7，储水箱8，液位
计9，排水开关阀10，第二风机11，第二表冷器12，第一表冷器13，第一风机14，第三开关阀15，第二开关阀16，补水开关阀17，第四开关阀18，第一开关阀19，第五开关阀20，第四水泵21，第三水泵22，蓄水箱23，潜水泵24，第一水泵27，水软化器28，旋流除砂器29，冷水机组30，冷却塔31，空空换热芯体32，室内侧进风方向33，室内侧出风方向34，室外侧进风方向35，室外侧出风方向36，供热输出方向37，回水方向38。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
如图1所示，根据本公开实施例的间接蒸发冷却系统，包括空空换热器、空空换热器包括第一进风口、第一出风口、第二进风口、第二出风口、空空换热芯体32、内循环风机盘管组件、外循环风机盘管组件以及供水组件。
具体地，如图1所示，空空换热芯体32包括第一气流通道以及第二气流通道，第一气流通道连通第一进风口和第一出风口，第二气流通道连通第二进风口和第二出风口，第一气流通道和第二气流通道间隔设置且彼此独立；内循环风机盘管组件设于第一出风口一侧，内循环风机盘管组件包括第一表冷器13和第一风机14；外循环风机盘管组件设于第二出风口一侧，外循环风机盘管组件包括第二表冷器12和第二风机11；供水组件与第一表冷器13的输入端连通，供水组件设置为抽取地下水并将地下水输入第一表冷器13中作为冷却水使用。
如图1所示，展开来说，空空换热器包括空空换热芯体32，空空换热芯体32包括第一进风口、第一出风口、第二进风口以及第二出风口、第一气流通道以及第二气流通道，第一进风口从室内侧进风，如图1中标号33所示方向，第一出风口朝向室内侧出风，如图1中标号34所示方向，第二进风口从室外侧进风，如图1中标号35所示方向，第二出风口从室外侧出风，如图1中标号36所示方向，第一气流通道连通第一进风口和第一出风口，第二气流通道连通第二进风口和第二出风口，第一气流通道和第二气流通道间隔设置且彼此独立，内循环风机 盘管组件设于第一出风口一侧，设置为驱动室内气流经由第一进风口进入第一气流通道再经由第一出风口流入室内，外循环风机盘管组件设于第二出风口一侧，设置为驱动室外气流经由第二进风口进入第二气流通道再经由第二出风口流入室外，室内气流与室外气流分别在第一气流通道和第二气流通道中进行换热，从而使得室内气流降温，室外气流将室内气流的一部分热量带走，第一气流通道和第二气流通道间隔设置且彼此独立，使得室内气流和室外气流仅仅进行换热，但并不混合，保障室内气流的洁净度和湿度。
内循环风机盘管组件包括第一表冷器13和第一风机14；外循环风机盘管组件包括第二表冷器12和第二风机11；供水组件与第一表冷器13的输入端连通，供水组件设置为抽取地下水并将地下水输入第一表冷器13中作为冷却水使用，其中，第一表冷器13内的冷却水与第一出风口流出的气流再进行一次换热，由于地下水温度较为稳定比地表水温度低，能够在不增加空空换热器能耗的前提下，将气流充分降温至满足设定的室内送风温度的要求。经过换热的冷却水最终排入地下，防止对地下水层的地质破坏。
其中，空空换热芯体32可以是金属制成，也可以是高分子材料制成。
根据本公开实施例的间接蒸发冷却系统，如图1和图2所示，通常用于数据中心机房内，第一进风口处设有滤棉2，滤棉2的过滤精度更高，数据中心机房属于高洁净空间，滤棉2能够起到净化数据中心机房空气的作用，第二进风口处设有滤网1，滤网1设置为粗尘过滤，将空气中含有的灰尘、柳絮等杂质过滤掉。在一些实施例中，滤网1包括金属滤网1。
在一些实施例中，供水组件还同时与第二表冷器12的输入端连通，供水组件将地下水输入第二表冷器12中作为冷却水使用，能够简化间接蒸发冷却系统的整体结构设置，利用现成的水源完成第一表冷器13和第二表冷器12的冷却水供应，无需额外设置其他水源供应组件。
根据本公开实施例的间接蒸发冷却系统，利用地下水温度较为稳定比地表水温度低的特点，通过供水组件抽取地下水输入第一表冷器13中作为冷却水使用，能够对第一出风口处流出的气流进行进一步冷却，能够提升间接蒸发冷却系统的制冷能力，降低空空换热器的能耗。
根据本公开实施例的间接蒸发冷却系统，如图1和图4所示，供水组件包括依次连通的潜水泵24、水净化结构以及蓄水箱23，蓄水箱23的第一输出端与第一表冷器13的输入端连通，其中潜水泵24设置为将地下水泵至地面，蓄水箱23起到蓄水的作用。
水净化结构设置为净化地下水，如图1和图4所示，水净化结构包括旋流除砂器29和与旋流除砂器29的输出端连通的水软化器28，旋流除砂器29的输入端与潜水泵24连通，水软化器28的输出端与蓄水箱23连通，其中，旋流除砂器29能够去除掉大颗粒杂质，再经过水软化其能够降低地下水中的金属离子浓度，防止水在空空换热芯体32内、第一表冷器13以及第二表冷器12中结垢，防止增大空空换热芯体32内、第一表冷器13以及第二表冷器12的热阻，降低换热能力。其中，蓄水箱23通过总管路以及第一管路与第一表冷器13连通供水，蓄水箱23通过总、管路以及第二管路与第二表冷器12连通供水，总、管路上设有第一开关阀19设置为控制总管路的开度，第一管路上设有第二开关阀16设置为控制第一管路的开度，第二管路上设有第三开关阀15设置为控制第二管路的开度。在一些实施例中，第一开关阀19、第二开关阀16以及第三开关阀15均包括电动阀门。另外，总管路中还设有第一水泵27，设置为为第一表冷器13以及第二表冷器12供水提供动力。
在一些实施例中，第一开关阀19仅控制总管路的开关，第二开关阀16以及第三开关阀15 采用开度控制，从而控制对应管路中的流量达到精准控制水温的目的。
在一些实施例中，间接蒸发冷却系统还包括喷淋组件，如图3和图4所示，喷淋组件设于第二进风口的一侧，喷淋组件设置为为经由第二进风口处进入空空换热器的气流降温。喷淋组件包括喷淋头3、逆止阀4、第二水泵5、过滤器6、手动球阀7、储水箱8、液位计9、排水开关阀10以及补水开关阀17组成，其中，喷淋头3贴近空空换热芯体32设置，喷淋头3的数量一般为多个，按照多排多列的方式设置，喷淋头3喷出水雾由室外气流带入空空换热芯体32中，依附在第二气流通道内壁上形成水膜，进行蒸发换热，喷淋头3的下方设置有接水盘，并最终通过管路将接水盘承接的水导回水箱中。
如图1、图3和图4所示，储水箱8中的水依次经过手动球阀7、过滤器6以及第二水泵5并进入喷淋头3中，其中，手动球阀7设置为控制为喷淋头3供水的管路流量，过滤器6设置为过滤掉水中的杂质，防止喷淋头3堵塞，水泵设置为为将储水箱8中的水输送到喷淋头3中提供动力，可以设置两个第二水泵5并联，一备一用，液位计9设置为监测储水箱8中的液位，逆止阀4设于第二水泵5与喷淋头3之间的管路上，设置为防止管路中的水因重力作用流回到水泵中，排水开关阀10以及补水开关阀17设置为控制储水箱8的补水和排水。
如图1和图4所示，在一些实施例中，喷淋组件的输入端与蓄水箱23的第二输出端连通。具体地，蓄水箱23的第二输出端与储水箱8的输入端连通，蓄水箱23可以为储水箱8供水，当间接蒸发冷却系统需要时，喷淋头3喷出的水雾来自地下水，由此使得喷淋头3喷出的水雾温度更低，提升空空换热器的换热能力，其中，蓄水箱23与储水箱8连通的管路上设有补水开关阀17。
如图1所示，在一些实施例中，间接蒸发冷却系统还包括冷水机组30，冷水机组30与蓄水箱23连通形成回路，设置为将蓄水箱23中的地下水导入到冷水机组30中降温之后输送回到蓄水箱23。具体地，蓄水箱23的第三输出端与冷水机组30的输入端连通，蓄水箱23的第二输入端与冷水机组30的回水端连通，蓄水箱23中的地下水在温度不能满足要求时，被输送到冷水机组30中进一步降温之后再输回蓄水箱23中，从而使得蓄水箱23为间接蒸发冷却系统中的其他部件提供的地下水温能够满足要求，降低空空换热器的能耗。蓄水箱23的第二输入端与冷水机组30的回水端连通的管路上设有第四开关阀1818，蓄水箱23的第三输出端与冷水机组30的输入端连通的管路上设有第五开关阀2020和第四水泵2121，
在一些实施例中，冷水机组30与冷却塔31之间形成冷却水回路，冷水机组30和冷却塔31之间的管路上设有第三水泵22，冷却水在冷水机组30中的冷凝器中进行换热带走热量并通过第三水泵22将冷却水送入冷却塔31中自然冷却，蓄水箱23输入冷水机组30中的地下水在冷水机组30中的蒸发器中获取冷量，为表冷器(第一表冷器13和第二表冷器12)以及储水箱8提供冷水。
在一些实施例中，如图5所示，间接蒸发冷却系统还包括余热回收组件，第一表冷器13的输出端与余热回收组件的供热侧的第二输入端连通，第一表冷器13中的冷却水获得热量之后升温汇入到余热回收组件中，如此实现余热回收利用。
在一些实施例中，如图6所示，蓄水箱23的第二输出端与第二表冷器12的输入端连通，第二表冷器12的输出端与余热回收组件的供热侧的第一输入端连通，第二表冷器12中的冷却水获得热量之后升温汇入到余热回收组件中，如此能够实现余热回收利用，将低品位热量回 收再通过供热系统管路运送到各个空调器末端或者作为生活用热水使用，能够节约能耗，降低碳排放。
在一些实施例中，如图7所示，余热回收组件包括水源热泵机组和供热换热器，第一表冷器13的输出端与供热换热器的第二输入端连通，第二表冷器12的输出端与供热换热器的第一输入端连通，供热换热器用作水源热泵机组的蒸发侧的热源，从而有效提高水源热泵机组的蒸发温度，提高制热效率，实现余热回收利用。其中，优选地，供热换热器包括板式换热器。
如图1中标号37所示出的流动方向为余热回收组件为生活用水等提供热水，标号38中所示出的流动方向为回水方向。
以深圳地区为例，结合当地气候条件，使用现有的空空换热器的情况下，各个模式的运行时间，单机满载运行的CLF(制冷负载系数)如下表所示。制冷负载系数计算方法：CLF＝制冷设备耗电/IT设备耗电，可以发现在IT设备的功耗不变的情况下，采用本公开的间接蒸发冷却系统，运行CLF将降为0.129，全年综合CLF将降为0.120。
其次本公开实施例的间接蒸发冷却系统主要用于数据中心机房降温，由于数据中心产生大量的热量，本公开实施例中的间接蒸发冷却系统将导出的热量收集起来，实现建筑的舒适性空调供暖以及生活热水供应。具体分为两级余热回收装置：在夏季时，第一表冷器13经过热风加热，管内水温度升高，热水进入供热换热器，与水源热泵系统冷冻水回路提供热量，实现该低品位热能的回收利用；在冬季时，由于室外温度较低，第一表冷器13无需供入地下水即可实现降温，地下水进入第二表冷器12与从空空换热芯体32出来的热空气进行换热，管内水温度升高，进入供热换热器，实现余热回收。上述所示CLF计算结果还未包括余热回收组件所带来的节能效果，综合起来能耗将会变得更低。
如图8所示，根据本公开实施例的控制方法，用于上述的间接蒸发冷却系统，包括：
步骤S 1：在空空换热器运行时，检测环境干球温度；
步骤S2：在环境干球温度大于第一预设温度时，开启喷淋组件；
步骤S3：在喷淋组件运行第一预设时间后，检测环境湿球温度；
步骤S4：在环境湿球温度大于第二预设温度时，开启供水组件为空空换热器供应地下水。
其中，干球温度(Dry Bulb Temperature)是指温度计在普通空气中所测出的温度，即一般天气预报中常说的气温，湿球温度(WetBulb Temperature)是指当前环境仅通过蒸发水分所能达到的最低温度，可以根据干球温度以及空气的相对湿度确定湿球温度，在实际使用过程中，间接蒸发冷却系统在室内设有气温计和湿度检测单元，通过气温计检测干球温度，通过气温计和湿度检测单元的数据换算得出湿球温度，空气的相对湿度越大，干球温度和湿球温度越接近，直至趋于一致。
另外第一预设温度和第二预设温度可以根据需要设置，例如，第一预设温度为15℃，第二预设温度为18℃。
在步骤S2中，当检测到环境干球温度小于等于第一预设温度时，则继续维持空空换热器的运行，不开启喷淋组件。
在步骤S4中，在环境湿球温度小于等于第二预设温度时，继续运行喷淋组件第二预设时间，再检测环境湿球温度，直至环境湿球温度小于等于第一预设温度时，控制喷淋组件关闭，维持空空换热器的运行。
其中，第二预设时间可以与第一预设时间的时长相同也可以不同，本公开实施例不作限制，例如设置第一预设时间为10min，第二预设时间为5min。
控制方法还包括步骤S5，在供水组件运行第三预设时间后，检测环境湿球温度，在环境湿球温度小于等于第二预设温度时且大于第一预设温度时，继续运行喷淋组件且关闭供水组件。
根据本公开实施例的控制方法，充分利用了风冷、蒸发冷以及地下水冷，充分利用多重自然冷源，大大降低了间接蒸发冷却系统的运行功耗。
在一些实施例中，在开启供水组件之前包括：步骤S6：检测蓄水箱23中的液位以及水温；在检测到蓄水箱23中的液位以及水温满足要求时，开启供水组件。蓄水箱23中设置液位计和水温计来分别检测液位和水温。蓄水箱23中的液位以及水温满足要求具体是指蓄水箱23中的液位需要高于最低刻度线，水温需要小于第三预设温度，例如，第三预设温度为20℃。
在一些实施例中，步骤S7：在检测到蓄水箱23中的液位满足要求且水温不满足要求时，开启冷水机组30对蓄水箱23中的地下水进行冷却。
在本公开实施例的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。此外，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本公开实施例的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本公开实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本公开实施例中的具体含义。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本公开的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种间接蒸发冷却系统，包括空空换热器，所述空空换热器包括：
    第一进风口、第一出风口、第二进风口、第二出风口以及空空换热芯体，所述空空换热芯体包括第一气流通道以及第二气流通道，所述第一气流通道连通所述第一进风口和所述第一出风口，所述第二气流通道连通所述第二进风口和所述第二出风口，所述第一气流通道和所述第二气流通道间隔设置且彼此独立；
    内循环风机盘管组件，所述内循环风机盘管组件设于所述第一出风口一侧，所述内循环风机盘管组件包括第一表冷器和第一风机；
    外循环风机盘管组件，所述外循环风机盘管组件设于所述第二出风口一侧；
    供水组件，所述供水组件与所述第一表冷器的输入端连通，所述供水组件设置为抽取地下水并将地下水输入所述第一表冷器中作为冷却水使用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的间接蒸发冷却系统，其中，所述供水组件包括依次连通的潜水泵、水净化结构以及蓄水箱，所述蓄水箱的第一输出端与所述第一表冷器的输入端连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的间接蒸发冷却系统，其中，所述水净化结构包括旋流除砂器和与所述旋流除砂器的输出端连通的水软化器，所述旋流除砂器的输入端与所述潜水泵连通，所述水软化器的输出端与所述蓄水箱连通。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的间接蒸发冷却系统，其中，还包括：
    喷淋组件，所述喷淋组件设于所述所述第二进风口的一侧，所述喷淋组件设置为为经由所述第二进风口处进入所述空空换热器的气流降温。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的间接蒸发冷却系统，其中，所述喷淋组件的输入端与所述蓄水箱的第二输出端连通。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的间接蒸发冷却系统，其中，还包括：
    冷水机组，所述冷水机组与所述蓄水箱连通形成回路，设置为将蓄水箱中的地下水导入到所述冷水机组中降温之后输送回到所述蓄水箱。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的间接蒸发冷却系统，其中，所述间接蒸发冷却系统还包括余热回收组件，所述第一表冷器的输出端与所述余热回收组件的供热侧的第二输入端连通。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的间接蒸发冷却系统，其中，所述外循环风机盘管组件包括第二表冷器和第二风机，所述蓄水箱的第二输出端与所述第二表冷器的输入端连通，所述第二表冷器的输出端与所述余热回收组件的供热侧的第一输入端连通。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的间接蒸发冷却系统，其中，所述余热回收组件包括水源热泵机组。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的间接蒸发冷却系统，其中，所述第一进风口处设有滤棉，所述第二进风口处设有滤网。
  11. 一种控制方法，用于如权利要求1-10任一项所述的间接蒸发冷却系统，其特征在于，包括：
    在空空换热器运行时，检测环境干球温度；
    在所述环境干球温度大于第一预设温度时，开启喷淋组件；
    在所述喷淋组件运行第一预设时间后，检测环境湿球温度；
    在所述环境湿球温度大于第二预设温度时，开启供水组件为所述空空换热器供应地下水。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的控制方法，其中，在所述开启供水组件之前包括：检测蓄水箱中的液位以及水温；
    在检测到所述蓄水箱中的液位以及水温满足要求时，开启所述供水组件。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的控制方法，其中，在检测到所述蓄水箱中的液位满足要求且水温不满足要求时，开启冷水机组对所述蓄水箱中的地下水进行冷却。
PCT/CN2023/103406 2022-06-29 2023-06-28 间接蒸发冷却系统和控制方法 Ceased WO2024002193A1 (zh)

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