WO2023284215A1 - 一种轨道车辆及其底架 - Google Patents

一种轨道车辆及其底架 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023284215A1
WO2023284215A1 PCT/CN2021/131671 CN2021131671W WO2023284215A1 WO 2023284215 A1 WO2023284215 A1 WO 2023284215A1 CN 2021131671 W CN2021131671 W CN 2021131671W WO 2023284215 A1 WO2023284215 A1 WO 2023284215A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
corbel
hollow
shock absorber
plate
underframe
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PCT/CN2021/131671
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王怀东
于秀洁
刘洋
吕起越
Original Assignee
中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司 filed Critical 中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司
Publication of WO2023284215A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023284215A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F1/00—Underframes
    • B61F1/08—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F1/00—Underframes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/22—Guiding of the vehicle underframes with respect to the bogies
    • B61F5/24—Means for damping or minimising the canting, skewing, pitching, or plunging movements of the underframes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of vehicle structures, in particular to a rail vehicle and its underframe.
  • the comfort of rail vehicles is mainly achieved by installing different types of shock absorbers on the vehicles to achieve vehicle running stability and stability, and the installation of various types of shock absorbers is very difficult for the subway car body with very limited installation space. seriously test.
  • the invention provides an underframe of a rail vehicle, comprising a corbel and two side beams arranged in parallel, the corbel is transversely fixed between the two side beams, and each of the corbels is connected at an end position Both are provided with a vertical shock absorber mounting seat and an anti-serpentine shock absorber mounting seat, which are arranged longitudinally and located on both sides of the corbel.
  • the vertical shock absorber mounting seat and the anti-serpentine shock absorber Each vibrator mounting seat is simultaneously fixedly connected to the corbel and the side beam at the corresponding end.
  • Both ends of the bolster in the underframe in the present invention are provided with a vertical shock absorber mounting seat and an anti-snake shock absorber mounting seat, and the vertical shock absorber mounting seat and the anti-snake shock absorber at each end are Both the corbel and the side beam are connected to the mounting base of the shock absorber at the same time, so that while realizing the installation of the vertical shock absorber and the anti-snake shock absorber, it can greatly alleviate the stress on the connection position of the corbel and the side beam and avoid stress concentration. , so that on the premise of increasing the connection strength of the corbel, it is beneficial to reduce the weight of the corbel and meet the requirements of vehicle lightweight settings.
  • the side beam is an L-shaped hollow beam, comprising a vertical section and a horizontal section bent inward from the bottom wall of the vertical section, and the bottom wall of the end section of the corbel is supported on the In the horizontal section, the end face is welded to the side wall opposite to the vertical section, and the corbel is a hollow structure.
  • the bolster includes a first hollow section and a second hollow section extending transversely, and the two top walls and the two bottom walls of the first hollow section and the second hollow section are fixedly connected respectively
  • an air spring intake pipe welded and fixed to the corbel, including a connecting pipe and an inflation head, the inflation head is installed between the first hollow profile and the second hollow profile, and the interface Vertically upwards, an opening is provided at the position where the bolster is opposite to the interface of the inflatable head, the connecting pipe extends longitudinally, one end of which is connected to the lower end interface of the inflatable head, and the other end extends to the first hollow profile or the exterior of the second hollow profile.
  • the anti-serpentine shock absorber mounting seat includes a fixed upper support and a lower connecting piece, both of which are arranged up and down and are both hollow structures, and the upper support is simultaneously supported on the vertical section, The upper surfaces of the bolster and the lower connecting piece, the lower connecting piece is fixedly supported on the horizontal section, and the side wall of the lower connecting piece close to the bolster is welded to the bolster .
  • the lower connecting member includes a hollow body, the partial outer contour of the hollow body is in shape fit with the cornering position of the edge beam, and the top wall of the hollow body is formed by extending inwardly from a part close to the corbel.
  • a transition arc-shaped plate protruding from the hollow body the bottom wall of the hollow body extends inward to form a connecting rib protruding from the hollow body, the bottom of the connecting rib is supported on the horizontal section, and the transition arc
  • the end faces of both the plate and the end of the connecting rib facing the side wall of the corbel are welded and fixed to the corresponding side wall of the corbel.
  • the vertical shock absorber includes a hollow structure with a mouth-shaped cross section, the bottom wall of the hollow structure is supported on the horizontal section, and one side wall of the hollow structure is connected to the vertical section.
  • the inner side wall of the hollow structure abuts against the inner side wall of the corbel, and the hollow structure is adapted to be installed with the bent part of the side sill, and the end surface of the hollow structure away from the corbel also has a first wing plate and a second wing plate extending in the longitudinal direction , the first wing plate fits against the side beam, and the second wing plate is suspended in the air.
  • the end beam is transversely fixed to the ends of the two side beams
  • the draw beam includes a lower cover plate, a web and a coupler mounting seat, the lower cover plate and the Both of the webs are of T-shaped structure, the lower cover plate and the vertical plate of the web are relatively welded to form an I-shaped structure, and the coupler mounting seat is fixedly installed on the front end of the I-shaped structure, and The front end of the coupler mounting seat is fixedly connected to the end beam, and the rear end of the I-shaped structure is fixed to the corbel;
  • it also includes a base plate, the base plate is supported by the side beam, and the corbel is located under the base plate.
  • the corbel is a hollow structure, and the hollow interior of the corbel is also provided with at least two longitudinally extending reinforcing vertical plates, and a cable passage is formed between the two longitudinally extending reinforcing vertical plates.
  • the present invention also provides a rail vehicle, including a car body, and also includes the underframe of the rail vehicle described in any one of the above, and the car body is installed on the the chassis.
  • the rail vehicle in the present invention includes the underframe described in any of the above embodiments, so the rail vehicle also has the above technical effects of the underframe.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a part of an underframe in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of an assembly formed by the assembly of a traction beam and a corbel in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of an assembly formed by the assembly of the traction beam and the corbel in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4a is a schematic front view of a draw beam in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4b is a schematic top view of Figure 4a
  • Fig. 4c is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of Fig. 4a;
  • Fig. 5a is a schematic structural view of the relative installation of the corbel and the bottom plate in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5b is a partial schematic diagram of the position of the reinforcing vertical board for the corbel in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6a is a schematic cross-sectional view of the position of the air spring intake pipe in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6b is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an air spring intake pipe in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7a is a partial enlarged view of the installation position of the anti-serpentine shock absorber mounting seat in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7b is a cross-sectional view of a partial position in Fig. 7a;
  • Fig. 7c is a partial schematic diagram of a cross-section of a side beam in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 a is a schematic cross-sectional view at the mounting position of the vertical shock absorber mounting seat in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 8b is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the mounting seat of the vertical shock absorber in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of the underframe in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the local structure of an assembly formed by the assembly of the traction beam and the corbel in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a top view schematic diagram of an assembly of the traction beam and the corbel in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4a is a front view schematic diagram of the traction beam in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4b is a top view schematic diagram of Fig. 4a
  • Fig. 4c is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of Fig. 4a
  • FIG. 5a is a structural schematic diagram of the relative installation of the corbel and the bottom plate in an embodiment of the present invention; A partial schematic diagram of the position; Fig. 6a is a schematic cross-sectional view of the position of the air spring intake pipe in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 6b is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the air spring intake pipe in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 7a is a schematic diagram of the air spring intake pipe in an embodiment of the present invention A partial enlarged view of the installation position of the anti-serpentine shock absorber mounting seat in the embodiment; FIG. 7b is a cross-sectional view of the partial position in FIG. 7a; FIG.
  • FIG. 7c is a partial schematic diagram of the cross-section of the side beam in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 8a is a schematic cross-sectional view of the installation position of the vertical shock absorber mounting seat in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 8b is a three-dimensional schematic view of the vertical shock absorber mounting seat in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention provides an underframe of a rail vehicle.
  • the underframe includes a corbel 2 and two side beams 3 arranged in parallel.
  • the corbel 2 is transversely fixed between the two side beams 3 .
  • the vertical shock absorber mounting seat 4 and the anti-serpentine shock absorber mounting seat 7 are all arranged at the upper position, and both the vertical shock absorber mounting seat 4 and the anti-snake shock absorber mounting seat 7 are arranged longitudinally, and Located on both sides of corbel 2.
  • the longitudinal direction herein refers to the lengthwise direction of the vehicle body, and the transverse direction refers to the widthwise direction of the vehicle body.
  • both ends of the corbel 2 are provided with vertical shock absorber mounts 4 and anti-serpentine shock absorber mounts 7, and the two vertical shock absorber mounts are arranged on the same side of the corbel 2, and can Arranged symmetrically with respect to the central longitudinal plane of the bogie, similarly the number of anti-serpentine shock absorber mounting seats 7 is also two, both of which are located on the same side of the corbel 2 and arranged symmetrically with respect to the central longitudinal plane of the bogie .
  • the installed vertical shock absorbers and anti-serpentine shock absorbers are also arranged symmetrically with respect to the central longitudinal plane, which is beneficial to the overall force balance.
  • Each of the vertical shock absorber mount 4 and the anti-serpentine shock absorber mount 7 in the present invention is simultaneously fixedly connected to the corbel 2 and the side beam 3 at the corresponding end. That is to say, the vertical shock absorber mounting seat 4 is fixedly connected to the side beam 3 and the corbel 2 connected with the side beam 3 at the same time, and the anti-serpentine shock absorber mounting seat 7 is also fixedly connected to the side beam 3 and to the side beam 3 at the same time. Beam 3 is connected to corbel 2.
  • Both ends of the bolster 2 in the underframe in the present invention are provided with a vertical shock absorber mounting seat 4 and an anti-serpentine shock absorber mounting seat 7, and the vertical shock absorber mounting seat 4 and the anti-serpentine shock absorber mounting seat 7 at each end
  • the serpentine shock absorber mounting base 7 is connected to the corbel 2 and the side beam 3 at the same time, so that while realizing the installation of the vertical shock absorber and the anti-snake shock absorber, the connection between the corbel 2 and the side beam 3 can be greatly eased. Stress concentration can be avoided under the condition of the location of the force. In this way, under the premise of increasing the connection strength of the corbel 2, it is beneficial to reduce the weight of the corbel 2 and meet the requirements for vehicle lightweight configuration.
  • the side beam 3 can be an L-shaped hollow beam, including a vertical section and a horizontal section bent inward from the bottom wall of the vertical section, and the inner section mentioned here refers to a longitudinal section near the center of the vehicle. side of the face.
  • the vertical section and the horizontal section of the side beam 3 can be both hollow beam structures, and the figure shows that the side beam 3 has a concave cavity 3a.
  • the bottom wall of the end section of the corbel 2 is supported on the horizontal section, the end face is welded to the side wall opposite to the vertical section, and the corbel 2 is a hollow structure.
  • the end of the corbel 2 is supported on the horizontal section, which is conducive to increasing the contact area between the corbel 2 and the chassis, improving the stability of the corbel 2, and both the side beam 3 and the corbel 2 are hollow structures to further reduce the The weight of the vehicle is realized to realize the lightweight design of the vehicle.
  • the corbel 2 After the corbel 2 is fixed, its upper surface and the upper surface of the vertical section can be flush, and certainly the upper surface of the corbel 2 can also be slightly lower than the upper surface of the vertical section.
  • corbel 2 there can be various structures of the corbel 2 with a hollow structure, and a specific embodiment of the corbel 2 is given below.
  • the corbel 2 may include a first hollow profile and a second hollow profile extending transversely, and the two profiles are arranged at intervals.
  • the first hollow profile and the second hollow profile can be profiles 21 of the same structure, so that the force is relatively uniform.
  • the structures of the first hollow profile and the second hollow profile can also be different.
  • the first hollow profile and the second hollow profile The structure of the profile is the same as an example to continue to introduce the technical solution.
  • the first connecting plate 22 and the second connecting plate 22 ′ are respectively fixed between the two top walls and the two bottom walls of the first hollow profile and the second hollow profile, and the first connecting plate 22 and the second connecting plate 22 At least one reinforcing rib is also arranged between ', and at least part of the reinforcing ribs are arranged along the longitudinal direction. That is, the first hollow profile, the second hollow profile, the first connecting plate 22 and the second connecting plate 22' are further enclosed to form an intermediate cavity structure, and reinforcing ribs are added inside the intermediate cavity structure to improve the rigidity of the intermediate cavity structure. Use intensity.
  • the reinforcing rib can be a vertical plate, that is, the reinforcing rib is a reinforcing vertical plate 24 to increase the longitudinal force performance of the corbel 2 .
  • the underframe can also include an air spring air intake pipe 23 welded and fixed with the corbel 2, and the air air spring air intake pipe 23 includes a connecting pipe 231 and an inflatable head 232, both of which can be integrally formed, or of course Individually processed components formed by welding or other process means.
  • the inflation head 232 can be welded and fixed with the corbel 2 .
  • the inflatable head 232 is installed between the first hollow profile and the second hollow profile, and the upper end interface is vertically upward, and the corbel 2 is provided with an opening at the position opposite to the upper end interface of the inflatable head 232, so that the external connecting pipe 231 and the The upper end of the inflation head 232 is connected to the interface.
  • the connecting pipe 231 extends longitudinally, one end of which is connected to the lower end interface of the inflatable head 232, and the other end extends to the outside of the first hollow profile or the second hollow profile to improve the convenience of connecting the connecting pipe 231 to external pipelines.
  • the corbel 2 is provided with an air spring installation surface.
  • the anti-serpentine shock absorber mounting base 7 specifically includes a fixed upper support 71 and a lower connecting piece 72, both of which are arranged up and down and are both hollow structures.
  • the upper support 71 can be arranged on the anti-
  • the installation structure of the serpentine shock absorber is matched and connected, for example, the installation structure is a longitudinal sliding groove 71a with the opening facing upward.
  • the upper support 71 is simultaneously supported on the upper surfaces of the vertical section, the corbel 2 and the lower connecting piece 72, that is to say, the upper support 71 is not supported on a single component, but is supported on the side beam 3 and the corbel at the same time. 2 and the lower connector 72. In this way, excessive local stress on a single component can be avoided, and the overall mechanical performance of the structure can be improved.
  • the lower connecting piece 72 in the above embodiment is fixedly supported on the horizontal section of the side beam 3 , and the side wall of the lower connecting piece 72 close to the corbel 2 is welded to the corbel 2 .
  • the welding connection between the lower connecting piece 72 and the corbel 2 can improve the connection strength of the corbel 2 and further reduce the width of the corbel 2 .
  • the lower connecting piece 72 in the above embodiment includes a hollow body, the local outer contour of the hollow body is adapted to the shape of the corner of the side beam 3, that is, the shape of the connection position between the vertical section and the horizontal section is adapted to the outer contour of the hollow body, The two can be installed together.
  • the part of the top wall of the hollow body close to the corbel 2 extends inward to form a transition arc-shaped plate protruding from the hollow body, and the bottom wall of the hollow body extends inward to form a connecting rib 72b protruding from the hollow body, and the bottom of the connecting rib 72b supports In the horizontal section, the ends of the transition arc plate 72a and the end of the connecting rib plate 72b facing the side wall of the corbel 2 are welded and fixed to the corresponding side wall of the corbel 2 .
  • the transition arc-shaped plate 72a and the connecting rib plate 72b can increase the fixed area with the corbel 2 and improve the installation strength and stability of the corbel 2 and other components.
  • the connecting ribs 72b also increase the supporting area between the lower connecting piece 72 and the horizontal section, improving the supporting stability.
  • the vertical shock absorber may include a hollow structure with a mouth-shaped cross section, the bottom wall of the hollow structure is supported on the horizontal section, one side wall of the hollow structure is in contact with the inner side wall of the vertical section, and
  • the outer contour of the hollow structure part is fit and installed with the bending part of the side beam 3, and the end surface of the hollow structure away from the corbel 2 also has a first wing plate 4b and a second wing plate 4a extending in the longitudinal direction, and the first wing plate 4b and the edge The beam 3 is fitted against, and the second wing plate 4a is suspended in the air.
  • the vertical shock absorber is provided with a first wing plate 4b and a second wing plate 4a on both sides, which can slow down the impact of sudden changes in stiffness.
  • the vertical shock absorber connecting seat 6 can be fixed on the upper surface of the vertical shock absorber mounting seat 4 by a rivet 5 .
  • the protruding lengths of the first wing plate 4b and the second wing plate 4a can be determined according to specific usage conditions, and are not limited herein.
  • the underframe may further include a draw beam 1 and an end beam 9, the end beam 9 is laterally fixed to the ends of the beams 3 on both sides, and the draw beam 1 includes a lower cover plate 12, a web and a coupler mounting seat 13 , both the lower cover plate 12 and the web are T-shaped structures, the lower cover plate 12 and the vertical plate 11 of the web are relatively welded to form an I-shaped structure, and the coupler mounting seat 13 is fixedly installed on the front end of the I-shaped structure, and The front end of the coupler mount 13 is fixedly connected with the end beam 9, and the rear end of the I-shaped structure is fixed with the corbel 2.
  • the lower cover plate 12 and the web in the above embodiment can be processed by "I"-shaped profiles, and can be in an up-and-down rotationally symmetrical structure during processing, and one raw material can process two workpiece structures.
  • the traction beam 1 of this structure adopts a single-layer structure, which can carry a huge longitudinal load, effectively reduces the weight of the vehicle body, and is more energy-saving and environment-friendly.
  • the end beam 9 may also be a hollow structure, which is not limited herein.
  • the underframe may further include a bottom plate 8 , the bottom plate 8 is supported by the side beam 3 , and the corbel 2 is located below the bottom plate 8 .
  • the corbel 2 of the underframe of the rail vehicle is a hollow structure, and the hollow interior of the corbel 2 is also provided with at least two longitudinally extending reinforcing vertical plates 24, and the two longitudinally extending reinforcing vertical plates 24 A passageway is formed between them.
  • the present invention also provides a rail vehicle, comprising a car body and the underframe of the rail vehicle in any one of the above embodiments, and the car body is installed on the underframe through a vertical shock absorber and an anti-serpentine shock absorber.
  • Each bogie is provided with two vertical shock absorber mounts 4 and two anti-serpentine shock absorber mounts 7, and the two vertical shock absorber mounts 4 are symmetrical about the central longitudinal plane of the bogie, The two anti-serpentine damper mounts 7 are also symmetrical about the central longitudinal plane of the bogie.
  • the car body is supported on the bogie via two vertical dampers and two anti-serpentine dampers.
  • the specific structure of the vertical shock absorber mounting seat 4 and the anti-snake shock absorber mounting seat 7 can be determined according to the specific structures of the vertical shock absorber and the anti-snake shock absorber, and the vertical shock absorber is not given in this paper.
  • the matching structure of the mounting seat 4 and the vertical shock absorber, and the matching structure of the anti-serpentine shock absorber mounting seat 7 and the anti-serpentine shock absorber do not prevent those skilled in the art from understanding the technical solution herein.
  • the rail vehicle in the present invention includes the underframe described in any of the above embodiments, so the rail vehicle also has the above technical effects of the underframe.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种轨道车辆及其底架，该底架包括枕梁和两个平行设置的边梁，所述枕梁横向固连于两个所述边梁之间，所述枕梁每一个连接端部位置均设置有垂向减振器安装座和抗蛇形减振器安装座，二者沿纵向布置，且位于所述枕梁的两侧，所述垂向减振器安装座和抗蛇形减振器安装座每一者均同时固连所述枕梁和相应端部的所述边梁；这样在实现垂向减震器和抗蛇形减振器安装的同时，能够大大缓解了枕梁和边梁连接位置受力情况，避免应力集中现象，这样在增加枕梁连接强度的前提下，有利于降低枕梁的重量，满足车辆轻量化设置需求。

Description

一种轨道车辆及其底架
本申请要求：2021年07月12日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110786602.4、发明名称为“一种轨道车辆及其底架”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆结构技术领域，特别涉及一种轨道车辆及其底架。
背景技术
城市轨道交通具有安全舒适、快速环保、运能大和能源消耗少的特点，已经成为城市公共交通的重要组成部分。随着技术的发展，对车体的轻量化和舒适性需求越来越高。
当前轨道车辆实现舒适性主要通过在车辆上安装不同类型的减振器实现车辆运行稳定性和平稳性，而各类减振器的安装对于安装空间非常有限的地铁车体而言，提出了十分严峻的考验。
如何布置减振器兼顾车体轻量化和舒适性，是本领域内技术人员一直关注的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种轨道车辆的底架，包括枕梁和两个平行设置的边梁，所述枕梁横向固连于两个所述边梁之间，所述枕梁每一个连接端部位置均设置有垂向减振器安装座和抗蛇形减振器安装座，二者沿纵向布置，且位于所述枕梁的两侧，所述垂向减振器安装座和抗蛇形减振器安装座每一者均同时固连所述枕梁和相应端部的所述边梁。
本发明中的底架中枕梁两端部均设置有垂向减振器安装座和抗蛇形减振器安装座，并且每一端部的垂向减振器安装座和抗蛇形减振器安装座均同时连接枕梁和边梁，这样在实现垂向减震器和抗蛇形减振器安装的同时，能够大大缓解了枕梁和边梁连接位置受力情况，避免应力集中现象，这样在增加枕梁连接强度的前提下，有利于降低枕梁的重量，满足车辆轻量化设置需求。
可选的，所述边梁为L型中空梁，包括竖直段和自所述竖直段的底壁向内弯折的水平段，所述枕梁的端部段底壁支撑于所述水平段，端面与所述竖直段相对的侧壁焊接连接，并且所述枕梁为中空结构。
可选的，所述枕梁包括横向延伸的第一中空型材和第二中空型材，所述第一中空型材和所述第二中空型材的两顶壁之间、两底壁之间分别固连有第一连接板、第二连接板，并且所述第一连接板和所述第二连接板之间还设置有至少一个加强筋，至少部分所述加强筋沿纵向布置。
可选的，还包括与所述枕梁焊接固定的空簧进气管，包括连接管和充气头，所述充气头安装于所述第一中空型材和所述第二中空型材之间，且接口竖直向上，所述枕梁与所述充气头的接口相对的位置设置有开口，所述连接管纵向延伸，其一端连接所述充气头的下端接口，另一端延伸至所述第一中空型材或第二中空型材的外部。
可选的，所述抗蛇形减振器安装座包括固连的上部支座和下部连接件，二者上下布置且均为中空结构，所述上部支座同时支撑于所述竖直段、所述枕梁和所述下部连接件三者上表面，所述下部连接件固定支撑于所述水平段，并且所述下部连接件靠近所述枕梁的一侧壁与所述枕梁焊接连接。
可选的，所述下部连接件包括中空体，所述中空体的局部外轮廓与所述边梁拐弯位置形状适配，所述中空体的顶壁靠近所述枕梁的部分向内延伸形成突出于所述中空体的过渡弧形板，所述中空体的底壁向内延伸形成突出于所述中空体的连接筋板，连接筋板底部支撑于所述水平段，所述过渡弧形板和所述连接筋板端部二者朝向所述枕梁侧壁的端面与所述枕梁相应侧壁焊接固定。
可选的，所述垂向减振器包括横截面为口型的中空结构，所述中空结构的底壁支撑于所述水平段，所述中空结构的其中一侧壁与所述竖直段的内侧壁抵靠，并且所述中空结构与所述边梁弯折部适配安装，所述中空结构远离所述枕梁的端面局部还具有沿纵向延伸的第一翼板和第二翼板，所述第一翼板与所述边梁适配抵靠，所述第二翼板悬空。
可选的，还包括牵引梁和端梁，所述端梁横向固连于两所述边梁的端部，所述牵引梁包括下盖板、腹板和车钩安装座，所述下盖板和所述腹板二者均为T型结构，所述下盖板和所述腹板的立板相对焊接形成工字型结 构，所述车钩安装座固定安装于所述工字型结构的前端，并且所述车钩安装座的前端与所述端梁固定连接，所述工字型结构的后端与所述枕梁固定；
或者/和，还包括底板，所述底板支撑于所述边梁，所述枕梁位于所述底板下方。
可选的，所述枕梁为中空结构，枕梁的中空内部也设置有至少两个纵向延伸的加强立板，两纵向延伸的加强立板之间形成过线通道。
此外，本发明还提供了一种轨道车辆，包括车体，还包括上述任一项所述的轨道车辆的底架，所述车体通过垂向减振器和抗蛇形减振器安装于所述底架。
本发明中的轨道车辆包括上述任一实施例所述的底架，故轨道车辆也具有底架的上述技术效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种实施例中底架局部的结构示意图；
图2为本发明一种实施例中牵引梁和枕梁二者组装形成的组件的局部结构示意图；
图3为本发明一种实施例中牵引梁和枕梁二者组装形成的组件的俯视示意图；
图4a为本发明一种实施例中牵引梁的正视示意图；
图4b为图4a的俯视示意图；
图4c为图4a的局部横截面示意图；
图5a为本发明一种实施例中枕梁和底板二者相对安装的结构示意图；
图5b为本发明一种实施例中枕梁设置加强立板位置的局部示意图；
图6a为本发明一种实施例中设置空气簧进气管位置的截面示意图；
图6b为本发明一种实施例中空气簧进气管的三维示意图；
图7a为本发明一种实施例中抗蛇形减振器安装座安装位置处的局部放大图；
图7b为图7a局部位置的横截面剖视图；
图7c为本发明一种实施例中边梁的横截面的局部示意图；
图8a为本发明一种实施例中垂向减振器安装座安装位置处的横截面 示意图；
图8b为本发明一种实施例中垂向减振器安装座的三维示意图。
其中，图1至图8b中各附图标记与部件名称之间的一一对应关系如下所示：
1牵引梁，11立板，12下盖板,13车钩安装座，2枕梁，21型材，22第一连接板，22’第二连接板，23空簧进气管，231连接管，232充气头，2a枕梁中心过线孔，24加强立板，3边梁，3a凹腔，4垂向减振器安装座，4a第二翼板，4b第一翼板，5铆钉，6垂向减振器连接座，7抗蛇形减振器安装座，71上部支座，71a滑槽，72下部连接件，72a过渡弧形板，72b连接筋板，8底板，9端梁。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”、“顶/底端”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图1至图8b，图1为本发明一种实施例中底架局部的结构示意图；图2为本发明一种实施例中牵引梁和枕梁二者组装形成的组件的局部结构示意图；图3为本发明一种实施例中牵引梁和枕梁二者组装形成的组件的俯视示意图；图4a为本发明一种实施例中牵引梁的正视示意图；图4b为图4a的俯视示意图；图4c为图4a的局部横截面示意图；图5a为本 发明一种实施例中枕梁和底板二者相对安装的结构示意图；图5b为本发明一种实施例中枕梁设置加强立板位置的局部示意图；图6a为本发明一种实施例中设置空气簧进气管位置的截面示意图；图6b为本发明一种实施例中空气簧进气管的三维示意图；图7a为本发明一种实施例中抗蛇形减振器安装座安装位置处的局部放大图；图7b为图7a局部位置的横截面剖视图；图7c为本发明一种实施例中边梁的横截面的局部示意图；图8a为本发明一种实施例中垂向减振器安装座安装位置处的横截面示意图；图8b为本发明一种实施例中垂向减振器安装座的三维示意图。
本发明提供了一种轨道车辆的底架，底架包括枕梁2和两个平行设置的边梁3，枕梁2横向固连于两个边梁3之间，枕梁2每一个连接端部位置均设置有垂向减振器安装座4和抗蛇形减振器安装座7，垂向减振器安装座4和抗蛇形减振器安装座7二者均沿纵向布置，并且位于枕梁2的两侧。需要说明的是，本文中的纵向是指沿车体的长度方向，横向是指沿车体的宽度方向。
即枕梁2的两端部均设置有垂向减振器安装座4和抗蛇形减振器安装座7，两个垂向减震器安装座设置于枕梁2的同一侧，并且可以关于转向架的中心纵向面对称布置，同理抗蛇形减振器安装座7的数量也为两个，二者位于枕梁2的同一侧，并且关于转向架的中心纵向面对称布置。这样安装后的垂向减振器、抗蛇形减振器也关于中心纵向面对称布置，有利于整体受力平衡。
本发明中的垂向减振器安装座4和抗蛇形减振器安装座7每一者均同时固连枕梁2和相应端部的边梁3。也就是说，垂向减振器安装座4同时固定连接边梁3和与该边梁3连接的枕梁2，抗蛇形减振器安装座7也同时固定连接边梁3和与该边梁3连接的枕梁2。
本发明中的底架中枕梁2两端部均设置有垂向减振器安装座4和抗蛇形减振器安装座7，并且每一端部的垂向减振器安装座4和抗蛇形减振器安装座7均同时连接枕梁2和边梁3，这样在实现垂向减震器和抗蛇形减振器安装的同时，能够大大缓解了枕梁2和边梁3连接位置受力情况，避免应力集中现象，这样在增加枕梁2连接强度的前提下，有利于降低枕梁2的重量，满足车辆轻量化设置需求。
在一种具体实施例中，边梁3可以为L型中空梁，包括竖直段和自竖直段的底壁向内弯折的水平段，此处所述的内是指靠近车辆中心纵向面的一侧。边梁3的竖直段和水平段可以均为中空梁结构，图中示出了边梁3具有凹腔3a。枕梁2的端部段底壁支撑于水平段，端面与竖直段相对的侧壁焊接连接，并且枕梁2为中空结构。
枕梁2的端部支撑于水平段，有利于增大枕梁2与底架接触面积，提高枕梁2固定的稳定性，并且边梁3和枕梁2均为中空结构进一步降低了二者的重量，实现车辆轻量化设计。
枕梁2固定后其上表面和竖直段的上表面可以平齐，当然枕梁2的上表面也可以略低于竖直段的上表面。
中空结构的枕梁2结构可以有多种，以下给出了枕梁2的一种具体实施方式。
在一种具体的实施例中，枕梁2可以包括横向延伸的第一中空型材和第二中空型材，两型材间隔布置。第一中空型材和第二中空型材可以为相同结构的型材21，这样受力比较均匀，当然第一中空型材和第二中空型材的结构也可以不相同，本文以第一中空型材和第二中空型材的结构相同为例继续介绍技术方案。
第一中空型材和第二中空型材的两顶壁之间、两底壁之间分别固连有第一连接板22、第二连接板22’，并且第一连接板22和第二连接板22’之间还设置有至少一个加强筋，至少部分加强筋沿纵向布置。即第一中空型材、第二中空型材、第一连接板22和第二连接板22’进一步围合形成中间空腔结构，并且在中间空腔结构的内部增加加强筋，提高中间空腔结构的使用强度。
加强筋可以为立板，即加强筋为加强立板24，增加枕梁2纵向的受力性能。
上述各实施例中，底架还可以包括与枕梁2焊接固定的空簧进气管23，空气空簧进气管23包括连接管231和充气头232，二者可以为一体成型结构，当然也可以单独加工成型通过焊接或者其他工艺手段形成的组件。充气头232可以与枕梁2焊接固定。
本发明中充气头232安装于第一中空型材和第二中空型材之间，且上 端接口竖直向上，枕梁2与充气头232上端接口相对的位置设置有开口，以便外部连接管231路与充气头232上端接口连接。连接管231纵向延伸，其一端连接充气头232的下端接口，另一端延伸至第一中空型材或第二中空型材的外部，以提高连接管231与外部管路连接的便利性。
相应地，枕梁2上设置有空气簧安装面。
在一种具体实施方式中，抗蛇形减振器安装座7具体包括固连的上部支座71和下部连接件72，二者上下布置且均为中空结构，上部支座71可以设置于抗蛇形减振器配合连接的安装结构，例如安装结构为开口朝上的纵向滑槽71a。上部支座71同时支撑于竖直段、枕梁2和下部连接件72三者上表面，也就是说，上部支座71并非单一支撑于一个部件上，其同时支撑于边梁3、枕梁2和下部连接件72。这样可以避免单一部件局部受力过大，提供结构整体受力性能。
并且，上述实施例中的下部连接件72固定支撑于边梁3的水平段，下部连接件72靠近枕梁2的一侧壁与枕梁2焊接连接。下部连接件72与枕梁2焊接连接能够提高枕梁2的连接强度，进一步降低枕梁2的宽度。
进一步地，上述实施例中的下部连接件72包括中空体，中空体的局部外轮廓与边梁3拐弯位置形状适配，即竖直段和水平段连接位置的形状与中空体外轮廓适配，二者能够贴合安装。中空体的顶壁靠近枕梁2的部分向内延伸形成突出于中空体的过渡弧形板，中空体的底壁向内延伸形成突出于中空体的连接筋板72b，连接筋板72b底部支撑于水平段，过渡弧形板72a和连接筋板72b端部二者朝向枕梁2侧壁的端面与枕梁2相应侧壁焊接固定。
过渡弧形板72a和连接筋板72b能够起到增大与枕梁2固定面积的作用，提高枕梁2等部件的安装强度和稳定性。连接筋板72b同时也增大了下部连接件72与水平段的支撑面积，提高支撑稳定性。
上述各实施例中，垂向减振器可以包括横截面为口型的中空结构，中空结构的底壁支撑于水平段，中空结构的其中一侧壁与竖直段的内侧壁抵靠，并且中空结构部分外轮廓与边梁3弯折部适配安装，中空结构远离枕梁2的端面局部还具有沿纵向延伸的第一翼板4b和第二翼板4a，第一翼板4b与边梁3适配抵靠，第二翼板4a悬空。
垂向减振器在两侧设置第一翼板4b和第二翼板4a，可以减缓刚度突变的影响。
垂向减振器连接座6可以通过铆钉5固定于垂向减振器安装座4上表面。
其中第一翼板4b和第二翼板4a的伸出长度可以根据具体使用情况而定，本文不做限定。
上述各实施例中，底架还可以进一步包括牵引梁1和端梁9，端梁9横向固连于两边梁3的端部，牵引梁1包括下盖板12、腹板和车钩安装座13，下盖板12和腹板二者均为T型结构，下盖板12和腹板的立板11相对焊接形成工字型结构，车钩安装座13固定安装于工字型结构的前端，并且车钩安装座13的前端与端梁9固定连接，工字型结构的后端与枕梁2固定。
上述实施例中的下盖板12和腹板可以通过“工”字型型材加工而成，加工时可以呈上下旋转对称结构，一块原材料加工两件工件结构。
该结构的牵引梁1采用单层结构，可以承载巨大的纵向载荷，有效降低了车体重量，更节能环保。
端梁9也可以为中空结构，具体本文不做限定。
上述各实施例中，底架还可以包括底板8，底板8支撑于边梁3，枕梁2位于底板8下方。
在另一种具体实施例中，轨道车辆的底架的枕梁2为中空结构，枕梁2的中空内部也设置有至少两个纵向延伸的加强立板24，两纵向延伸的加强立板24之间形成过线通道。
本发明还提供了一种轨道车辆，包括车体以及上述任一实施例的轨道车辆的底架，车体通过垂向减振器和抗蛇形减振器安装于底架。每一个转向架上设置有两个垂向减振器安装座4以及两个抗蛇形减振器安装座7，两个垂向减振器安装座4关于转向架的中心纵向面对称，两个抗蛇形减振器安装座7也关于转向架的中心纵向面对称。相应地，车体通过两个垂向减振器和两个抗蛇形减振器支撑于转向架上。
垂向减振器安装座4、抗蛇形减振器安装座7的具体结构可以根据垂向减振器、抗蛇形减振器的具体结构而定，本文不给出垂向减振器安装座 4与垂向减振器的配合结构、抗蛇形减振器安装座7与抗蛇形减振器的配合结构，并不妨碍本领域内技术人员对本文技术方案的理解。
本发明中的轨道车辆包括上述任一实施例所述的底架，故轨道车辆也具有底架的上述技术效果。
轨道车辆的其他结构本文不做赘述，请参考现有技术。
以上对本发明所提供的一种轨道车辆及其底架进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种轨道车辆的底架，其特征在于，包括枕梁和两个平行设置的边梁，所述枕梁横向固连于两个所述边梁之间，所述枕梁每一个连接端部位置均设置有垂向减振器安装座和抗蛇形减振器安装座，二者沿纵向布置，且位于所述枕梁的两侧，所述垂向减振器安装座和抗蛇形减振器安装座每一者均同时固连所述枕梁和相应端部的所述边梁。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的轨道车辆的底架，其特征在于，所述边梁为L型中空梁，包括竖直段和自所述竖直段的底壁向内弯折的水平段，所述枕梁的端部段底壁支撑于所述水平段，端面与所述竖直段相对的侧壁焊接连接，并且所述枕梁为中空结构。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的轨道车辆的底架，其特征在于，所述枕梁包括横向延伸的第一中空型材和第二中空型材，所述第一中空型材和所述第二中空型材的两顶壁之间、两底壁之间分别固连有第一连接板、第二连接板，并且所述第一连接板和所述第二连接板之间还设置有至少一个加强筋，至少部分所述加强筋沿纵向布置。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的轨道车辆的底架，其特征在于，还包括与所述枕梁焊接固定的空簧进气管，包括连接管和充气头，所述充气头安装于所述第一中空型材和所述第二中空型材之间，且接口竖直向上，所述枕梁与所述充气头的接口相对的位置设置有开口，所述连接管纵向延伸，其一端连接所述充气头的下端接口，另一端延伸至所述第一中空型材或第二中空型材的外部。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的轨道车辆的底架，其特征在于，所述抗蛇形减振器安装座包括固连的上部支座和下部连接件，二者上下布置且均为中空结构，所述上部支座同时支撑于所述竖直段、所述枕梁和所述下部连接件三者上表面，所述下部连接件固定支撑于所述水平段，并且所述下部连接件靠近所述枕梁的一侧壁与所述枕梁焊接连接。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的轨道车辆的底架，其特征在于，所述下部连接件包括中空体，所述中空体的局部外轮廓与所述边梁拐弯位置形状适配，所述中空体的顶壁靠近所述枕梁的部分向内延伸形成突出于所述中空体的过渡弧形板，所述中空体的底壁向内延伸形成突出于所述中空体的连接筋 板，连接筋板底部支撑于所述水平段，所述过渡弧形板和所述连接筋板端部二者朝向所述枕梁侧壁的端面与所述枕梁相应侧壁焊接固定。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的轨道车辆的底架，其特征在于，所述垂向减振器包括横截面为口型的中空结构，所述中空结构的底壁支撑于所述水平段，所述中空结构的其中一侧壁与所述竖直段的内侧壁抵靠，并且所述中空结构与所述边梁弯折部适配安装，所述中空结构远离所述枕梁的端面局部还具有沿纵向延伸的第一翼板和第二翼板，所述第一翼板与所述边梁适配抵靠，所述第二翼板悬空。
  8. 如权利要求2所述的轨道车辆的底架，其特征在于，还包括牵引梁和端梁，所述端梁横向固连于两所述边梁的端部，所述牵引梁包括下盖板、腹板和车钩安装座，所述下盖板和所述腹板二者均为T型结构，所述下盖板和所述腹板的立板相对焊接形成工字型结构，所述车钩安装座固定安装于所述工字型结构的前端，并且所述车钩安装座的前端与所述端梁固定连接，所述工字型结构的后端与所述枕梁固定；
    或者/和，还包括底板，所述底板支撑于所述边梁，所述枕梁位于所述底板下方。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的轨道车辆的底架，其特征在于，所述枕梁为中空结构，枕梁的中空内部也设置有至少两个纵向延伸的加强立板，两纵向延伸的加强立板之间形成过线通道。
  10. 一种轨道车辆，包括车体，其特征在于，还包括权利要求1至9任一项所述的轨道车辆的底架，所述车体通过垂向减振器和抗蛇形减振器安装于所述底架。
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