WO2023272890A1 - 一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置、系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置、系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023272890A1
WO2023272890A1 PCT/CN2021/112225 CN2021112225W WO2023272890A1 WO 2023272890 A1 WO2023272890 A1 WO 2023272890A1 CN 2021112225 W CN2021112225 W CN 2021112225W WO 2023272890 A1 WO2023272890 A1 WO 2023272890A1
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Prior art keywords
gasification
plasma
medical waste
plasma torch
tower
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PCT/CN2021/112225
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English (en)
French (fr)
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严圣军
李要建
管晓纳
孙钟华
杜鹃
陈毅
孙勇
Original Assignee
江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司
中国天楹股份有限公司
江苏天楹环保能源成套设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2023272890A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023272890A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/20—Combustion to temperatures melting waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/201—Plasma
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/20—Medical materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/50—Intercepting solids by cleaning fluids (washers or scrubbers)

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medical waste treatment device, system and method, in particular to a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device, system and method, belonging to the technical field of medical waste treatment.
  • Medical waste disposal technologies such as high-temperature cooking, microwave disinfection, chemical disinfection and other non-incineration technologies cannot dispose of chemical and pharmaceutical waste, and the residue after disinfection treatment needs to be further incinerated. Pyrolysis gasification incineration, rotary kiln incineration, and other incineration disposal technologies can dispose of five types of medical waste, with a high degree of reduction, but secondary pollution problems such as dioxins and heavy metals are serious during the incineration process. Plasma treatment of medical waste is currently still in the research stage, and some units have disclosed related patented technologies.
  • the oxygen content in the incinerator furnace is less than 0.09%, which basically meets all the oxygen required for medical waste incineration.
  • the amount of medical waste entering the furnace fluctuates, and the oxygen content of the incinerator cannot be well controlled in advance, which will inevitably lead to an oxidizing atmosphere in the incinerator sometimes.
  • the carrier gas of the plasma torch is not mentioned. If air or nitrogen is used, a large amount of NOx will be generated in the incinerator, and the entire system will have excessive NOx emissions.
  • the flue gas cooling process uses a flue gas heat exchanger, and the main component of the fly ash carried in the flue gas is salt.
  • the surface temperature of the outer wall of the heat exchanger exceeds 500°C, molten salt condensation corrosion is likely to occur.
  • the patent does not mention the layout of the air supply outlet and the location of the plasma torch in the incinerator, and it is unknown whether the energy is reasonably distributed in the incinerator.
  • the exhaust gas parameters mentioned above do not meet the emission requirements of the current emission standard GB 39707-2020 "Pollution Control Standards for Treatment and Disposal of Medical Waste".
  • the plasma torch is arranged above the bottom slag/slag area, mainly through radiation and convection heat transfer, most of the heat enters the gas phase space, and its heat transfer effect to the molten pool is poor (the heat transfer to the molten pool is less than the total heat supply of the plasma torch 20% of the amount), in order to keep the bottom slag in the molten pool in a molten state, a higher power plasma torch is required.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device, system and method, which can improve the heat transfer effect of the melting pool and reduce the power of the plasma torch.
  • a plasma gasification and melting treatment device for medical waste characterized in that it includes a gasification and melting furnace body, a first plasma torch and an electrode, and the first plasma torch and the electrode are arranged at the bottom of the gasification and melting furnace body. side, where the first plasma torch is positioned above the molten pool and the electrodes are positioned within the molten pool.
  • the upper end of the furnace body of the gasification melting furnace is provided with a feed inlet, a roller feeder and a feed bin
  • the feed inlet is a pipe body arranged in the vertical direction and the feed inlet is fixed on the gasification melting furnace
  • the upper end of the body, the roller feeder is arranged in the feed inlet
  • the feed bin is a conical hopper and the lower end of the feed bin is fixedly connected with the upper end of the feed inlet.
  • first plasma torches there are at least two first plasma torches, at least two first plasma torches are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the gasification and melting furnace body, and at least two are arranged at the lower end of the gasification and melting furnace body.
  • There are three lower tuyeres and the lower tuyeres are arranged on the same layer as the first plasma torches, and at least two lower tuyeres and at least two first plasma torches are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the gasification melting furnace body.
  • the lower side of the body of the gasification melting furnace is provided with an upper tuyere
  • the upper tuyere is provided with two layers and each upper tuyere contains at least three upper tuyeres
  • the upper tuyere is located above the first plasma torch, where The upper tuyeres of the upper layer are arranged under the drying area in the furnace, and the upper tuyeres of the lower layer are arranged in the gasification combustion area of the furnace.
  • a gas outlet is opened at the upper end of the gasification melting furnace, and the gas outlet is connected to the gas inlet at the upper end of the second combustion chamber through a connecting pipe, and a second plasma torch is arranged in the connecting pipe.
  • the upper side of the secondary combustion chamber is provided with combustion-supporting air ports, and at least two combustion-supporting air ports are evenly distributed along the circumference of the secondary combustion chamber.
  • the lower side of the combustion-supporting tuyere is provided with a polymer denitration agent injection port.
  • a medical waste plasma gasification and melting treatment system characterized in that it includes a medical waste plasma gasification and melting treatment device, and also includes a feeding system, a waste heat boiler, a thermal system, a quenching tower, a flue gas purification device, an induced draft fan, Chimney, fly ash washing back furnace device and wastewater treatment system
  • the feeding system is connected to the inlet of the medical waste plasma gasification and melting treatment device
  • the discharge port of the medical waste plasma gasification and melting treatment device is connected to the inlet of the waste heat boiler
  • the feed port is connected
  • the discharge port of the waste heat boiler is connected to the inlet of the quenching tower
  • the outlet of the quenching tower is connected to one end of the flue gas purification device
  • the other end of the flue gas purification device is connected to one end of the induced draft fan
  • the other end of the induced draft fan is connected to the chimney
  • the waste heat boiler steam The pipeline is connected to the thermal system, the fly ash produced by the quenching tower and the
  • the flue gas purification device includes a primary bag filter, a secondary bag filter, a temperature reduction tower, a packing tower, a wet electrostatic mist eliminator and a flue gas heater, the inlet of the primary bag filter and the quench tower Outlet connection, the outlet of the first-stage bag filter is connected to the inlet of the second-stage bag filter, the outlet of the second-stage bag filter is connected to the inlet of the cooling tower, the outlet of the cooling tower is connected to the inlet of the packing tower, and the outlet of the packing tower is connected to the inlet of the cooling tower.
  • the inlet of the wet electrostatic demister is connected, and the outlet of the wet electrostatic demister is connected to the inlet of the flue gas heater.
  • a plasma gasification and melting treatment method for medical waste characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Each first plasma torch is equipped with a plasma torch power supply, and all electrodes are equipped with an electrode power supply;
  • Step 2 When the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment system according to claim 8 or 9 is within the normal medical waste disposal load range, the first plasma torches are respectively powered by their corresponding plasma torch power supplies and the first The plasma torch is in non-transferred arc working mode, the electrode is powered by the electrode power supply and the electrode works as a resistance heating rod;
  • Step 3 When the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment system is in overload condition, the first plasma torch is only connected to the negative electrode of the corresponding plasma torch power supply and the first plasma torch is in the transfer arc working mode, the electrode It is connected to the positive pole of the plasma torch power supply and the positive pole of the electrode power supply, and the first plasma torch, slag, and electrodes are electrically connected;
  • Step 4 The synthesizer produced by the gasification melting furnace passes through the second plasma torch in the connecting pipeline to completely decompose tar and dioxin, and the remaining synthesis gas is fully burned in the second combustion chamber and denitrated at high temperature;
  • Step 5 The synthetic gas passes through the waste heat boiler to send the water vapor generated into the thermal system for thermal power generation, and then enters the quench tower for extremely rapid cooling;
  • Step 6 After the cooled syngas is dedusted by a two-stage bag filter, it is discharged after being treated by a desuperheating tower, a packed tower, a wet electrostatic demister and a flue gas heater.
  • the present invention Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects: the present invention arranges a plasma torch above the molten pool, and at the same time arranges electrodes inside the molten pool, and heats the molten pool through the electrodes to ensure the fluidity of the molten pool.
  • the torch heats and burns the material.
  • the size of the melting furnace is reduced.
  • a low-power plasma torch can be selected, and the system energy utilization rate is high.
  • the plasma torch The power control only needs to be controlled according to the temperature of the material layer, and the electrode power only needs to be controlled according to the temperature of the molten pool, which makes the adjustment more flexible, and can realize the flexible distribution of energy in the molten pool section and the material layer area, and can adapt to working conditions and fluctuations in material properties;
  • the combustion chamber is equipped with a plasma torch to completely crack and incinerate the tar and dioxin in the synthesizer, reducing the pollutants in the exhaust gas; adopting two-stage bag filter and two-stage water elution to remove heavy metals, no need to spray activated carbon, reducing system operating costs At the same time, it also avoids the problem of excessive heavy metals in the flue gas caused by the fluctuation of the concentration of heavy metals in the inlet flue gas.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of control connections under normal load of a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment method of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of control connections under overload of a medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment method of the present invention.
  • a medical waste plasma gasification and melting treatment device of the present invention includes a gasification and melting furnace body 1, a first plasma torch 2 and an electrode 3, and the first plasma torch 2 and the electrode 3 are arranged On the lower side inside the furnace body 1 of the gasification melting furnace, the first plasma torch 2 is located above the molten pool 4 , and the electrode 3 is located in the molten pool 4 .
  • the furnace body 1 of the gasification melting furnace is a vertical cylindrical structure.
  • the furnace cavity is divided into a gas phase space, a material layer area and a molten pool area from top to bottom, and the material layer area is divided into a drying layer from top to bottom, Pyrolysis layer and gasification combustion layer.
  • the body of the gasification melting furnace is provided with a switching device for switching the working states of the first plasma torch and the electrode.
  • the switching device can switch the first plasma torch into a transferred arc torch and a non-transferred arc torch.
  • the electrode serves as the front electrode of the plasma torch to lead the arc of the plasma torch to the bottom of the molten pool 4; when the plasma torch is switched to a non-transferred arc torch, the electrode only serves as a resistance heating rod to heat the molten pool.
  • the upper end of the furnace body 1 of the gasification melting furnace is provided with a feed inlet 5, a roller feeder 6 and a feed bin 7, the feed inlet 5 is a pipe body arranged in the vertical direction and the feed inlet 5 is fixed in the gasification melting furnace
  • the roller feeder 6 is arranged in the feed port 5
  • the feed bin 7 is a tapered hopper and the lower end of the feed bin 7 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the feed port 5 .
  • the feeding port 5 adopts the top feeding method, and the medical waste is piled up in the bin 7 to a certain height.
  • the feeding port 5 forms a seal through the gravity of the medical waste itself and the clamping force of the roller feeder 6 to prevent air from entering the bin. 7 leaks into gasification melting furnace furnace body 1, also can prevent the synthesis gas in the furnace from leaking out simultaneously.
  • the roller feeder 6 controls the feeding speed of medical waste through frequency conversion regulation.
  • first plasma torches 2 There are at least two first plasma torches 2 , and at least two first plasma torches 2 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the gasification melting furnace body 1 .
  • the high-speed jet of the first plasma torch 2 plays the role of supporting the material layer and strengthening the incineration. Under the strengthening effect of the plasma state jet, the residual carbon can be quickly burned in the jet area of the plasma torch, which can prevent medical waste from gasification and incineration of residual carbon Directly enter the molten pool slag to ensure low thermal ignition loss rate of slag.
  • the lower end of the gasification and melting furnace body 1 is provided with at least two lower tuyeres 8 and the lower tuyeres 8 are arranged on the same layer as the first plasma torches 2, and at least two lower tuyeres 8 are along with at least two first plasma torches 2.
  • the gasification and melting furnace body 1 is arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction.
  • the excess air coefficient of the lower tuyere 8 is between 0.1 and 0.2, which meets the air volume required for carbon residue incineration.
  • the air is heated by the high-temperature jet of the first plasma torch, which can enhance combustion.
  • At least two electrodes 3 are installed, and the slag temperature is maintained at 1300°C through the input energy of the electrodes to realize continuous slag discharge.
  • the electrode is fixed on the shell of the gasification melting furnace body 1 located on the side of the molten pool 4, and is insulated from the shell of the furnace body through an insulating component.
  • the electrode 3 is also equipped with an air-cooled or water-cooled cooling device, and the electrode 3 is inserted to the depth of the furnace. 1/4-1/3 inner diameter of molten pool.
  • the first plasma torch 2 Since the molten pool is heated by the electrode 3, there is no need for the first plasma torch 2 to provide the heat required for the slag melting in the molten pool, so the first plasma torch 2 can be a low-power plasma torch, and the first plasma torch only needs to inject High-temperature ionized gas enhances gasification and incineration.
  • the lower side of the gasification melting furnace body 1 is provided with an upper tuyere 9, the upper tuyere 9 is provided with two layers and each upper tuyere 9 includes at least three upper tuyeres, and the upper tuyere 9 is located above the first plasma torch 2, wherein The upper tuyeres located on the upper layer are arranged under the drying area in the furnace, and the upper tuyeres located on the lower layer are arranged in the gasification combustion area in the furnace. Separately adjust the volume of the upper and lower tuyeres of the upper tuyere to maintain the temperature of the gasification combustion layer and the drying layer to ensure the fully controllable drying, pyrolysis, and gasification combustion of medical waste.
  • the gas outlet is connected to the upper air inlet of the second combustion chamber 11 through a connecting pipe 10 , and a second plasma torch 12 is arranged in the connecting pipe 10 .
  • a second plasma torch 12 is arranged in the connecting pipe 10 .
  • the upper side of the secondary combustion chamber 11 is provided with a combustion air outlet 13, at least two combustion air outlets 13 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the secondary combustion chamber 11, the excess air coefficient of the air supply is between 0.8 and 1.2, and the syngas is fully combusted in the secondary combustion chamber .
  • the lower side of the combustion-supporting tuyere 13 is provided with a polymer denitration agent injection port 14, and the temperature of the polymer action area is 900-1000°C, which can ensure a high denitration efficiency and further reduce the NOx concentration in the flue gas at the outlet of the secondary combustion chamber.
  • a medical waste plasma gasification and melting treatment system includes a medical waste plasma gasification and melting treatment device, and also includes a feeding system, a waste heat boiler, a thermal system, a quenching tower, a flue gas purification device, an induction Fan, chimney, fly ash washing back furnace device and waste water treatment system, the feeding system is connected to the feed port of the medical waste plasma gasification and melting treatment device, the discharge port of the medical waste plasma gasification and melting treatment device is connected to the waste heat boiler
  • the feed port of the waste heat boiler is connected to the inlet of the quenching tower, the outlet of the quenching tower is connected to one end of the flue gas purification device, the other end of the flue gas purification device is connected to one end of the induced draft fan, and the other end of the induced draft fan is connected to the chimney.
  • the boiler steam pipeline is connected to the thermal system, the fly ash produced by the quenching tower and the flue gas purification device is connected to the fly ash washing back furnace device, and the sludge generated by the fly ash washing back furnace device is sent to the medical waste plasma gasification and melting treatment device
  • the flue gas purification device and the fly ash of the fly ash water washing system are connected to the wastewater treatment system. Fly ash is washed with water in the device to remove chlorine salts and then returned to the furnace for melting, which reduces the amount of fly ash to be disposed of at the factory and reduces operating costs.
  • Waste heat boiler adopts membrane wall boiler.
  • the flue gas is cooled to 550°C by the waste heat boiler, and then cooled down to ⁇ 200°C by the quench tower to avoid the resynthesis of dioxins.
  • the fly ash is desalinated by the water washing device, the water-containing sludge is transported to the sludge inlet of the gasification and melting furnace through the sludge pump, and the sludge inlet of the gasification and melting furnace is set near the tuyere of the lower layer.
  • the washing wastewater and the wet wastewater of the flue gas purification system enter the water treatment system together and are discharged after reaching the standard. Zero fly ash has been shipped out of the factory, and only a small amount of sedimented sludge from the water treatment system needs to be outsourced for disposal.
  • the flue gas purification device includes a first-stage bag filter, a second-stage bag filter, a cooling tower, a packed tower, a wet electrostatic demister and a flue gas heater.
  • the inlet of the first-stage bag filter is connected to the outlet of the quench tower, and the first-stage
  • the outlet of the bag filter is connected to the inlet of the second-stage bag filter, and the outlet of the second-stage bag filter is connected to the inlet of the cooling tower.
  • the flue gas passes through the two-stage bag filter, and the interception efficiency of particulate matter and particulate heavy metals is ⁇ 99.99%.
  • the hourly concentration of particulate matter in the flue gas is less than 10mg/Nm3.
  • the outlet of the desuperheating tower is connected to the inlet of the packed tower.
  • the desuperheating tower is equipped with desuperheating water spray guns, circulating fluid pipelines and spray guns. After dust removal, the flue gas is reduced to 70-80°C through the desuperheating tower.
  • the outlet of the packed tower is connected to the inlet of the wet electrostatic demister. Both the desuperheating tower body and the packed tower body are equipped with alkali liquid dosing ports.
  • the desuperheating tower and packed tower are equipped with circulating reverse nozzles, and the flue gas containing heavy metals HgCl2 and As2O3 in the gas phase with low volatilization temperature is fully washed, so that HgCl2 and As2O3 are dissolved and washed in the two-stage alkali washing system, intercepted After removal.
  • the outlet of the wet electrostatic demister is connected to the inlet of the flue gas heater.
  • the flue gas passes through the wet electrostatic demisting, which can effectively remove the salt and heavy metal droplets in the flue gas, and solve the problem of excessive smoke caused by entrainment. Prevent back-end flue and equipment corrosion.
  • activated carbon is not sprayed before the first stage bag filter, which can intercept most chlorine salts, heavy metals, etc.
  • Activated carbon is not sprayed before the second-stage bag filter, and chlorine salts, heavy metals, etc. are intercepted again.
  • a small amount of activated carbon can be sprayed in front of the secondary bag filter to adsorb mercury and other gas-phase heavy metals to ensure that the heavy metals in the exhaust flue gas meet the standards, and at the same time, the amount of fly ash in the factory is reduced.
  • Activated carbon is not sprayed before the secondary bag filter, and some heavy metals in the gas phase that are not easily intercepted by the bag filter, such as Hg2+, As2O3, etc., are washed and removed in the wet system.
  • a wet electrostatic demister is installed behind the packing tower to remove the salt and heavy metal moisture entrained in the flue gas to avoid excessive heavy metals in the flue gas. Coarse demisting can also be done through the demister above the packing tower, and no wet electrostatic demister is installed, but the back-end flue gas heater and flue should pay attention to anti-corrosion design. After demisting, the flue gas is heated to no lower than 130°C by the flue gas heater and then discharged. The flue gas heater can use steam as the heat source, and the steam source is the steam generated by the waste heat boiler.
  • An activated carbon bed can be installed after the flue gas heater to further reduce the concentration of heavy metals in the flue gas and achieve ultra-clean emissions.
  • a plasma gasification and melting treatment method for medical waste characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Each first plasma torch is equipped with a plasma torch power supply, and all electrodes are equipped with an electrode power supply;
  • Step 2 When the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment system is within the normal medical waste disposal load range, the first plasma torches are powered by their respective plasma torch power supplies and the first plasma torches are in non-transferred arc operation
  • the electrode is powered by the electrode power supply and the electrode works as a resistance heating rod;
  • the cathode of the first plasma torch TJ1 is connected to the negative pole of the power supply Q1
  • the anode of the first plasma torch TJ1 is connected to one end of the switch SA1
  • the other end of the switch SA1 is connected to the positive pole of the power supply Q1 and one end of the switch SA2
  • the other end of the switch SA2 is connected to the power supply Q3 Positive electrode
  • one end of switch SA3, the other end of switch SA3 is connected to electrode DJ1
  • the cathode of the first plasma torch TJ2 is connected to the negative electrode of power supply Q2
  • the anode of the first plasma torch TJ2 is connected to one end of switch SB1
  • the other end of switch SB1 is connected to the positive electrode of power supply Q2 and
  • One end of the switch SB2 is connected to one end of the switch SB3, the other end of the switch SB3 is connected to the electrode DJ2 and one end of the switch SC, and the other end of the switch SC is connected to the negative pole of the power supply Q3.
  • the switches SA2 and SB2 turn on the switches SA2 and SB2, combine the switches SA1, SA3, SB1, SB3, and SC, and switch the plasma torch to the non-transfer arc working mode.
  • the plasma torch is a non-transfer arc Torch
  • electrodes DJ1 and DJ2 conduct electricity as a resistance heating rod.
  • the temperature of the melting pool in the gasification melting furnace is controlled by the heating power of the electrodes.
  • the temperature of the gasification incineration layer, pyrolysis layer, drying layer and gas phase space of the gasification melting furnace are controlled by the air supply mainly through the upper square port and the lower tuyere.
  • the temperature of each material layer and the outlet temperature of the melting furnace can be assisted by the power of the non-transferred arc plasma torch.
  • Step 3 When the medical waste plasma gasification melting treatment system is in overload condition, the first plasma torch is only connected to the negative electrode of the corresponding plasma torch power supply and the first plasma torch is in the transfer arc working mode, the electrode It is connected to the positive pole of the plasma torch power supply and the positive pole of the electrode power supply, and the first plasma torch, slag, and electrodes are electrically connected; when the medical waste contains more inorganic components (such as glass, metal, etc.) in the gasification melting furnace , through the switching of the plasma generator to the transfer arc working mode, the current conduction between the plasma torch, slag and electrodes, more energy of the plasma generator is distributed to the surface of the molten pool and the slag area, and the melting capacity of inorganic substances improve.
  • the medical waste contains more inorganic components (such as glass, metal, etc.) in the gasification melting furnace , through the switching of the plasma generator to the transfer arc working mode, the current conduction between the plasma torch, slag and electrodes, more energy of the plasma generator is
  • Step 4 The synthesizer produced by the gasification melting furnace passes through the second plasma torch in the connecting pipeline to completely decompose tar and dioxin, and the remaining synthesis gas is fully burned in the second combustion chamber and denitrated at high temperature;
  • Step 5 The synthetic gas passes through the waste heat boiler to send the water vapor generated into the thermal system for thermal power generation, and then enters the quench tower for extremely rapid cooling;
  • Step 6 After the cooled syngas is dedusted by the secondary bag filter, it is discharged after being treated by the desuperheating tower, packed tower, wet electrostatic demister and flue gas heater.
  • the secondary bag filter After the cooled syngas is dedusted by the secondary bag filter, it is discharged after being treated by the desuperheating tower, packed tower, wet electrostatic demister and flue gas heater.
  • two-stage bag filter and two-stage water elution to remove heavy metals, there is no need to spray activated carbon in the system, or only a small amount of activated carbon is sprayed in front of the second-stage bag filter, which reduces system operating costs and avoids flue gas heavy metal concentration fluctuations at the inlet. Excessive heavy metals in flue gas.
  • Activated carbon adsorbent is not sprayed before the first-stage bag filter, and the fly ash intercepted by the first-stage bag filter can be washed with water to remove soluble chloride salts and then melted in the furnace. A small amount or no fly ash needs to be outsourced to the factory for disposal.
  • concentration of HCl and SO2 in the exhaust flue gas can be as low as below 10mg/Nm3.
  • the use of wet electrostatic demisters can avoid excessive heavy metals in the exhaust gas due to moisture entrainment in the flue gas.
  • a plasma torch is arranged above the molten pool, and electrodes are arranged inside the molten pool.
  • the molten pool is heated by the electrodes to ensure the fluidity of the molten pool.
  • a low-power plasma torch can be selected, and the energy utilization rate of the system is high; the power control of the plasma torch only needs to be controlled according to the temperature of the material layer, and the electrode power only needs to be controlled.
  • the adjustment is more flexible, which can realize the flexible distribution of energy in the molten pool section and the material layer area, and can adapt to the fluctuation of working conditions and material properties;
  • the second combustion chamber is equipped with a plasma torch to reduce the tar and dioxin in the synthesizer Complete pyrolysis and incineration to reduce pollutants in the exhaust gas; adopt two-stage bag filter and two-stage water washing to remove heavy metals, no need to spray activated carbon, reduce system operating costs, and avoid smoke caused by fluctuations in the concentration of heavy metals in the inlet flue gas Gas heavy metals exceed the standard problem.

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Abstract

提供一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置、系统及方法。所述医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置包含气化熔融炉炉体（1）、第一等离子体炬（2）和电极（3），第一等离子体炬（2）和电极（3）设置在气化熔融炉炉体（1）内部的下侧，其中第一等离子体炬（2）位于熔池（4）上方，电极（3）位于熔池（4）内。所述医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置在熔池（4）的上方布置第一等离子体炬（2），同时在熔池（4）内部布置电极（3），通过电极（3）加热熔池（4）保证熔池（4）的流动性，通过第一等离子体炬（2）对气相加热燃烧，通过这样结合加热方式，降低了熔融炉尺寸，同时由于等离子体炬无需提供底渣熔融所需热量，从而可以选用小功率等离子体炬。

Description

一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置、系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种医疗废物处理装置、系统及方法，特别是一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置、系统及方法，属于医疗废物处理技术领域。
背景技术
医疗废物处置技术如高温蒸煮、微波消毒、化学消毒等非焚烧技术不能处置化学性、药物性废物，且消毒处理后的残渣需进一步焚烧处置。热解气化焚烧、回转窑焚烧、等焚烧处置技术可处置五类医疗废物，减量化程度高，但焚烧过程中二噁英、重金属等二次污染问题严重。等离子体处置医疗废物目前多还停留在研究阶段，有部分单位公开了相关专利技术。
如中国航天空气动力技术研究院CN100526716C 2009年8月12日公开了“等离子体医疗垃圾焚烧方法”，所述焚烧炉炉内氧含量小于0.09％，基本满足医疗废物焚烧所需全部氧量。实际生产过程中，由于医疗废物类型多，且成包上料，医疗废物入炉量是波动的，焚烧炉的氧含量无法预先很好控制，必然会导致焚烧炉内有时候会处于氧化氛围。未提及到等离子体炬的载气，若采用空气或氮气等，焚烧炉内会产生大量NOx，整套系统会出现NOx超标排放。所述烟气冷却过程采用烟气换热器，而烟气中携带飞灰主要成分为盐分，当换热器外壁表面温度超过500℃，很容易发生熔盐凝结腐蚀。此外，该专利未提及焚烧炉内供风口布置及等离子体炬布置位置，能量在焚烧炉内是否合理分布未知。所述排出气体参数已不满足现行排放标准GB 39707-2020《医疗废物处理处置污染控制标准》排放要求。
上海第升环保科技有限公司CN111457385A 2020年07月28日申请公布了“一种医疗废物的等离子体连续热解气化裂解处理装置”，旨在实现连续处理、连续固态出渣，所涵盖范围为气化裂解炉、进料口、出灰口、等离子体炬口及补风口。所述等离子体炬安装在出渣口附近，目的是促进气化裂解，但等离子体炬高温射流很容易造成局部底渣熔融，造成固态排渣堵塞。
现有技术中，均未综合考虑等离子体炬向炉内提供能量对气化熔融炉整体炉膛各区域温度影响。等离子体炬布置在底渣/熔渣区上方，主要通过辐射、对流传热，大部分热量进入到气相空间，其热量向熔池传递效果差(向熔池传热量小于等离子体炬总供热量的20％)，为了使熔池内底渣维持熔融态需要采用较大功率的等离子体炬。但这使得大量热量进入气化熔融炉气相空间，会造成气相温度过高，物料热解速度过快导致形成难焚烧焦油，同时由于医疗废物下落过程已热解气化导致料层难以稳定建立。并且，热量先通过对流、辐射传递到熔池 表面，然后通过熔渣的热传导往下传递，为了使底部熔渣能维持在熔融温度会导致上部熔渣温度过高，这样既浪费热量也会导致上部熔池耐材温度高而寿命降低。此外，气化熔融炉气相温度过高，气相空间耐材使用寿命降低。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置、系统及方法，提高熔池热传递效果并且降低了等离子体炬的功率。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置，其特征在于：包含气化熔融炉炉体、第一等离子体炬和电极，第一等离子体炬和电极设置在气化熔融炉炉体内部的下侧，其中第一等离子体炬位于熔池上方，电极位于熔池内。
进一步地，所述气化熔融炉炉体的上端设置有进料口、对辊加料器和料仓，进料口为沿竖直方向设置的管体并且进料口固定在气化熔融炉炉体的上端，对辊加料器设置在进料口内，料仓为锥形的料斗并且料仓的下端与进料口的上端固定连接。
进一步地，所述第一等离子体炬至少设置有两个，至少两个第一等离子体炬沿气化熔融炉炉体的周向等间距设置，气化熔融炉炉体的下端设置有至少两个下层风口并且下层风口与第一等离子体炬同层设置，至少两个下层风口与至少两个第一等离子体炬沿着气化熔融炉炉体的周向间隔设置。
进一步地，所述气化熔融炉炉体的下侧设置有上层风口，上层风口设置有两层并且每层上层风口包含至少三个上层风口，上层风口位于第一等离子体炬的上方，其中位于上层的上层风口设置在炉内干燥区域下方，位于下层的上层风口设置在炉内气化燃烧区域。
进一步地，所述气化熔融炉的上端开有出气口，出气口通过连接管道与二燃室上端进气口连接，连接管道内设置有第二等离子体炬。
进一步地，所述二燃室上侧设置有助燃风口，至少两个助燃风口沿着二燃室的周向均匀分布。
进一步地，所述助燃风口下侧设置有高分子脱硝剂喷射口。
一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理系统，其特征在于：包含医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置，还包含进料系统、余热锅炉、热力系统、急冷塔、烟气净化装置、引风机、烟囱、飞灰水洗反炉装置和废水处理系统，进料系统与医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置的进料口连接，医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置的出料口与余热锅炉的进料口连接，余热锅炉的出料口与急冷塔进口连接，急冷塔出口与烟气净化装置一端连接，烟气净化装置另一 端与引风机一端连接，引风机另一端与烟囱连接，余热锅炉蒸汽管路与热力系统连接，急冷塔和烟气净化装置产生的飞灰与飞灰水洗反炉装置连接，飞灰水洗反炉装置产生的污泥送入医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置中，烟气净化装置和飞灰水洗系统的飞灰连接至废水处理系统中。
进一步地，所述烟气净化装置包含一级布袋除尘器、二级布袋除尘器、减温塔、填料塔、湿式静电除雾器和烟气加热器，一级布袋除尘器的进口与急冷塔出口连接，一级布袋除尘器的出口与二级布袋除尘器的进口连接，二级布袋除尘器的出口与减温塔进口连接，减温塔出口与填料塔的进口连接，填料塔的出口与湿式静电除雾器的进口连接，湿式静电除雾器的出口与烟气加热器进口连接。
一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理方法，其特征在于包含以下步骤：
步骤一：每个第一等离子体炬配置一个等离子体炬电源，所有电极配置一个电极电源；
步骤二：当权利要求8或9所述的医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理系统在正常医疗废物处置负荷范围内时，第一等离子体炬分别由各自对应的等离子体炬电源供电工作且第一等离子体炬处于非转移弧工作制，电极由电极电源供电且电极作为电阻加热棒工作；
步骤三：当医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理系统在超负荷工况时，第一等离子体炬只与各自对应的等离子体炬电源的负极连通并且第一等离子体炬处于转移弧工作制，电极与等离子体炬电源正极以及电极电源正极连接并且第一等离子体炬、熔渣、电极之间通电导通；
步骤四：气化熔融炉产生的合成器在连接管道内经过第二等离子体炬将焦油、二噁英彻底分解，剩余合成气在二燃室内充分燃烧并高温脱硝；
步骤五：合成气经过余热锅炉将产生的水蒸气送入热力系统进行热力发电，再进入急冷塔极速冷却；
步骤六：冷却后的合成气经过两级布袋除尘器除尘后，再经过减温塔、填料塔、湿式静电除雾器和烟气加热器的处理达标后进行排放。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点和效果：本发明在熔池的上方布置等离子体炬，同时在熔池内部布置电极，通过电极加热熔池保证熔池的流动性，通过等离子体炬对物料加热燃烧，通过这样结合加热方式，降低了熔融炉尺寸，同时由于等离子体炬无需提供底渣熔融所需热量，从而可以选用小功率等离子体炬，系统能量利用率高；等离子体炬功率控制只需要根据料层温度进行控制，电极功率只需要根据熔池温度控制，调节更加的灵活，可以实现熔池段、料层区能量的灵活分配，可适应工况及物料性质波动；二燃室设置等离子体炬使合成器中焦油、二噁英彻底裂解焚烧，降低排放气体的污染物；采用两级布袋除尘器、两级 水洗脱除重金属技术，无需再喷射活性炭，降低系统运行成本，同时也避免了入口烟气重金属浓度波动而导致的烟气重金属超标问题。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置的示意图。
图2是本发明的一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理系统的示意图。
图3是本发明的一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理方法的正常负荷下控制连接关系示意图。
图4是本发明的一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理方法的超负荷下控制连接关系示意图。
具体实施方式
为了详细阐述本发明为达到预定技术目的而所采取的技术方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清晰、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，并且，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，本发明的实施例中的技术手段或技术特征可以替换，下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。
如图1所示，本发明的一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置，包含气化熔融炉炉体1、第一等离子体炬2和电极3，第一等离子体炬2和电极3设置在气化熔融炉炉体1内部的下侧，其中第一等离子体炬2位于熔池4上方，电极3位于熔池4内。气化熔融炉炉体1为竖直的筒状结构，炉内腔体由上至下依次为气相空间、料层区和熔池区，其中料层区由上至下又分为干燥层、热解层以及气化燃烧层。气化熔融炉炉体上设置有切换第一等离子体炬和电极的工作状态的切换装置，切换装置可以将第一等离子体炬切换为转移弧炬和非转移弧炬，当等离子体炬切换为转移弧炬时，电极作为等离子体炬的前电极将等离子体炬的电弧引至熔池4下方；当等离子体炬切换为非转移弧炬是，电极仅仅作为电阻加热棒加热熔池。
气化熔融炉炉体1的上端设置有进料口5、对辊加料器6和料仓7，进料口5为沿竖直方向设置的管体并且进料口5固定在气化熔融炉炉体1的上端，对辊加料器6设置在进料口5内，料仓7为锥形的料斗并且料仓7的下端与进料口5的上端固定连接。进料口5采用顶部进料方式，医疗废物在料仓7中堆积一定的高度，进料口5通过医疗废物自身的重力以及对辊加料器6的夹紧力形成密封，防止空气从料仓7漏入气化熔融炉炉体1内，同时也可以防止炉内的合成气外泄。对辊加料器6通过变频调节控制医疗废物的进料速度。
第一等离子体炬2至少设置有两个，至少两个第一等离子体炬2沿气化熔融炉炉体1的周向等间距设置。第一等离子体炬2高速射流对物料层起到托浮、强化焚烧作用，在等离子体态射流强化作用下残碳在等离子体炬射流区域能迅速被燃尽，可防止医疗废物气化焚烧残碳直接进入熔池熔渣内，保证熔渣热灼减率低。气化熔融炉炉体1的下端设置有至少两个下层风口8并且下层风口8与第一等离子体炬2同层设置，至少两个下层风口8与至少两个第一等离子体炬2沿着气化熔融炉炉体1的周向间隔设置。下层风口8供风过量空气系数为0.1-0.2之间，满足残碳焚烧所需空气量，空气经过第一等离子体炬高温射流加热，可强化燃烧。
电极3至少设置两台，通过电极输入能量维持熔渣温度在1300℃，实现连续排渣。电极固定在气化熔融炉炉体1上位于熔池4侧面的外壳上，并通过绝缘部件与炉体外壳绝缘，电极3上还设置有气冷或者水冷冷却装置，电极3插入深度至炉内1/4-1/3熔池内径处。由于通过电极3来加热熔池，无需第一等离子体炬2提供熔池内熔渣熔融所需热量，因此第一等离子体炬2可以选用小功率的等离子体炬，第一等离子体炬只需要喷射高温离子态气体强化气化焚烧。
气化熔融炉炉体1的下侧设置有上层风口9，上层风口9设置有两层并且每层上层风口9包含至少三个上层风口，上层风口9位于第一等离子体炬2的上方，其中位于上层的上层风口设置在炉内干燥区域下方，位于下层的上层风口设置在炉内气化燃烧区域。分别调节上层风口上、下风口量维持气化燃烧层、干燥层温度，保证医疗废物充分可控的干燥、热解、气化燃烧。
气化熔融炉的上端开有出气口，出气口通过连接管道10与二燃室11上端进气口连接，连接管道10内设置有第二等离子体炬12。合成气在第一等离子体炬12射流作用下，其含有的焦油、二噁英被彻底分解。二燃室11上侧设置有助燃风口13，至少两个助燃风口13沿着二燃室11的周向均匀分布，供风过量空气系数0.8～1.2之间，合成气在二燃室中充分燃烧。助燃风口13下侧设置有高分子脱硝剂喷射口14，高分子作用区域温度在900～1000℃，可保证较高脱硝效率，进一步降低二燃室出口烟气中NOx浓度。
如图2所示，一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理系统，包含医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置，还包含进料系统、余热锅炉、热力系统、急冷塔、烟气净化装置、引风机、烟囱、飞灰水洗反炉装置和废水处理系统，进料系统与医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置的进料口连接，医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置的出料口与余热锅炉的进料口连接，余热锅炉的出料口与急冷塔进口连接，急冷塔出口与烟气净化装置一端连接，烟气净化装置另一 端与引风机一端连接，引风机另一端与烟囱连接，余热锅炉蒸汽管路与热力系统连接，急冷塔和烟气净化装置产生的飞灰与飞灰水洗反炉装置连接，飞灰水洗反炉装置产生的污泥送入医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置中，烟气净化装置和飞灰水洗系统的飞灰连接至废水处理系统中。飞灰在装置中水洗脱除氯盐后回炉熔融，降低飞灰出厂处置量，降低运行成本。余热锅炉，采用膜式壁锅炉。烟气经过余热锅炉降温至550℃，再经过急冷塔急冷降低至～200℃，避免二噁英的再合成。飞灰经过水洗装置脱除盐分后，含水污泥通过污泥泵输送至气化熔融炉污泥入口，气化熔融炉污泥入口设置在下层风口附近。水洗废水与烟气净化系统湿法废水一起进入水处理系统处理达标后排放。实现了飞灰零出厂，仅少量水处理系统沉淀污泥需出厂委外处置。
烟气净化装置包含一级布袋除尘器、二级布袋除尘器、减温塔、填料塔、湿式静电除雾器和烟气加热器，一级布袋除尘器的进口与急冷塔出口连接，一级布袋除尘器的出口与二级布袋除尘器的进口连接，二级布袋除尘器的出口与减温塔进口连接，烟气经过两级布袋除尘器，颗粒物及颗粒态重金属被拦截效率≮99.99％，烟气中颗粒物小时浓度排放＜10mg/Nm3。减温塔出口与填料塔的进口连接，减温塔设置有减温水喷枪、循环液管路及喷枪，除尘后烟气经过减温塔被降低至70-80℃。填料塔的出口与湿式静电除雾器的进口连接，减温塔塔体、填料塔塔体均设置有碱液加药口，两级碱洗脱酸效率很高，可以实现烟气HCl、SO 2超低排放，减温塔、填料塔均设置有循环逆喷管，含有低挥发温度气相重金属HgCl2、As2O3烟气被充分水洗，使得HgCl2、As2O3在两级碱洗系统被溶解洗后、拦截后脱除。湿式静电除雾器的出口与烟气加热器进口连接，烟气经过湿式静电除除雾，可有效去除烟气中携带含盐分、重金属液滴，解决了排烟因夹带导致超标，同时也可防止后端烟道、设备腐蚀问题。采用两级布袋除尘器，第一级布袋除尘器前不喷射活性炭，可以拦截大部分氯盐、重金属等。第二级布袋除尘器前不喷射活性炭，再次拦截氯盐、重金属等。运行过程中，当发生任何一级布袋除尘器个别滤袋发生泄漏时，也能满足排放烟气颗粒物达标。二级布袋除尘器前可以喷射少量活性炭，用于吸附汞等气相重金属，保证排放烟气重金属达标，同时，出厂飞灰量减少。二级布袋除尘器前不喷射活性炭，部分不易被布袋除尘器拦截的气相重金属如Hg2+、As2O3等在湿法系统水洗脱除。填料塔后设置湿式静电除雾器，去除烟气夹带的含盐、重金属水分，避免烟气重金属超标。也可以通过填料塔上方除雾器粗除雾，不设置湿式静电除雾器，但后端烟气加热器、烟道要注意防腐设计。经过除雾后烟气经烟气加热器加热至不低于130℃后排放，烟气加热器可采用蒸汽作为热源，蒸汽来源与余热锅炉产生的蒸汽。在烟气加热器后可设活性炭床，进一步降低烟气中重金属浓度，实现超净排放。
一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理方法，其特征在于包含以下步骤：
步骤一：每个第一等离子体炬配置一个等离子体炬电源，所有电极配置一个电极电源；
步骤二：当医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理系统在正常医疗废物处置负荷范围内时，第一等离子体炬分别由各自对应的等离子体炬电源供电工作且第一等离子体炬处于非转移弧工作制，电极由电极电源供电且电极作为电阻加热棒工作；
如图3所示，第一等离子体炬TJ1阴极连接电源Q1负极，第一等离子体炬TJ1阳极连接开关SA1一端，开关SA1另一端连接电源Q1正极和开关SA2一端，开关SA2另一端连接电源Q3正极、开关SA3一端，开关SA3另一端连接电极DJ1，第一等离子体炬TJ2的阴极连接电源Q2的负极，第一等离子体炬TJ2的阳极连接开关SB1一端，开关SB1另一端连接电源Q2正极和开关SB2一端，开关SB2另一端连接开关SB3一端，开关SB3另一端连接电极DJ2和开关SC一端，开关SC另一端连接电源Q3的负极。
在正常医疗废物处置负荷范围内，如图3打开开关SA2、SB2，合并开关SA1、SA3、SB1、SB3、SC，等离子体炬切换至非转移弧工作制，此时等离子体炬为非转移弧炬，电极DJ1和DJ2导电作为电阻加热棒。气化熔融炉内熔池温度通过电极加热功率控制，气化熔融炉气化焚烧层温度、热解层温度、干燥层温度及气相空间温度通过主要通过上层方口及下层风口供风量控制，气化熔融炉各物料层温度、出口温度，可通过非转移弧等离子体炬功率辅助调节。
步骤三：当医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理系统在超负荷工况时，第一等离子体炬只与各自对应的等离子体炬电源的负极连通并且第一等离子体炬处于转移弧工作制，电极与等离子体炬电源正极以及电极电源正极连接并且第一等离子体炬、熔渣、电极之间通电导通；投入气化熔融炉内医疗废物含无机物成分(如玻璃、金属等)更多时，通过等离子体发生器切换至转移弧工作制下，等离子体炬、熔渣、电极之间电流导通，等离子体发生器能量更多被分配至熔池表面及熔渣区，无机物熔融能力提高。
由于疫情等突发导致医疗废物产量增加，超过100％负荷工况时，如图4打开开关SA1、SB1、SC，合并开关SA2、SA3、SB2、SB3，切换至转移弧工作制，等离子炬切换为转移弧炬，等离子体炬、熔渣、电极之间通电导通，将热量更多输入到熔池表面、熔渣区，提高残碳焚烧速度、熔渣熔融能力，同时不会导致输入气相热量过多，保持气相空间出口温度在设计值。
步骤四：气化熔融炉产生的合成器在连接管道内经过第二等离子体炬将焦油、二噁英彻底分解，剩余合成气在二燃室内充分燃烧并高温脱硝；
步骤五：合成气经过余热锅炉将产生的水蒸气送入热力系统进行热力发电，再进入急冷塔极速冷却；
步骤六：冷却后的合成气经过二级布袋除尘器除尘后，再经过减温塔、填料塔、湿式静电除雾器和烟气加热器的处理达标后进行排放。采用两级布袋除尘器、两级水洗脱除重金属技术，系统内无需再喷射活性炭或者仅二级布袋除尘器前喷少量活性炭，降低系统运行成本，同时也可避免因入口烟气重金属浓度波动导致排放烟气重金属超标问题。一级布袋除尘器前不喷射活性炭吸附剂，一级布袋拦截的飞灰可以经过水洗脱除可溶性氯盐后反炉熔融处置，少量或无飞灰需出厂委外处置。采用两级碱洗工艺，排放烟气中HCl、SO 2浓度可以低至10mg/Nm3以下。采用湿式静电除雾器，可避免因烟气夹带水分导致排放气体中重金属等超标。
本发明在熔池的上方布置等离子体炬，同时在熔池内部布置电极，通过电极加热熔池保证熔池的流动性，通过等离子体炬对气相加热燃烧，通过这样结合加热方式，降低了熔融炉尺寸，同时由于等离子体炬无需提供底渣熔融所需热量，从而可以选用小功率等离子体炬，系统能量利用率高；等离子体炬功率控制只需要根据料层温度进行控制，电极功率只需根据熔池温度控制，调节更加的灵活，可以实现熔池段、料层区能量的灵活分配，可适应工况及物料性质波动；二燃室设置等离子体炬使合成器中焦油、二噁英彻底裂解焚烧，降低排放气体的污染物；采用两级布袋除尘器、两级水洗脱除重金属技术，无需再喷射活性炭，降低系统运行成本，同时也避免了入口烟气重金属浓度波动而导致的烟气重金属超标问题。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质，在本发明的精神和原则之内，对以上实施例所作的任何简单的修改、等同替换与改进等，均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置，其特征在于：包含气化熔融炉炉体、第一等离子体炬和电极，第一等离子体炬和电极设置在气化熔融炉炉体内部的下侧，其中第一等离子体炬位于熔池上方，电极位于熔池内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置，其特征在于：所述气化熔融炉炉体的上端设置有进料口、对辊加料器和料仓，进料口为沿竖直方向设置的管体并且进料口固定在气化熔融炉炉体的上端，对辊加料器设置在进料口内，料仓为锥形的料斗并且料仓的下端与进料口的上端固定连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置，其特征在于：所述第一等离子体炬至少设置有两个，至少两个第一等离子体炬沿气化熔融炉炉体的周向等间距设置，气化熔融炉炉体的下端设置有至少两个下层风口并且下层风口与第一等离子体炬同层设置，至少两个下层风口与至少两个第一等离子体炬沿着气化熔融炉炉体的周向间隔设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置，其特征在于：所述气化熔融炉炉体的下侧设置有上层风口，上层风口设置有两层并且每层上层风口包含至少三个上层风口，上层风口位于第一等离子体炬的上方，其中位于上层的上层风口设置在炉内干燥区域下方，位于下层的上层风口设置在炉内气化燃烧区域。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置，其特征在于：所述气化熔融炉的上端开有出气口，出气口通过连接管道与二燃室上端进气口连接，连接管道内设置有第二等离子体炬。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置，其特征在于：所述二燃室上侧设置有助燃风口，至少两个助燃风口沿着二燃室的周向均匀分布。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置，其特征在于：所述助燃风口下侧设置有高分子脱硝剂喷射口。
  8. 一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理系统，其特征在于：包含权利要求1-7任一项所述的医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置，还包含进料系统、余热锅炉、热力系统、急冷塔、烟气净化装置、引风机、烟囱、飞灰水洗反炉装置和废水处理系统，进料系统与医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置的进料口连接，医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置的出料口与余热锅炉的进料口连接，余热锅炉的出料口与急冷塔进口连接，急冷塔出口与烟气净化装置一端连接，烟气净化装置另一端与引风机一端连接，引风机另一端与烟囱连接，余热锅炉蒸汽管路与热力系统连接，急冷塔和烟气净化装置产生的飞灰与飞灰水洗反炉装置连接，飞灰水洗反炉装置产生的污泥送入医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置中，烟气净化装置和飞灰水 洗系统的废水连接至废水处理系统中。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理系统，其特征在于：所述烟气净化装置包含一级布袋除尘器、二级布袋除尘器、减温塔、填料塔、湿式静电除雾器和烟气加热器，一级布袋除尘器的进口与急冷塔出口连接，一级布袋除尘器的出口与二级布袋除尘器的进口连接，二级布袋除尘器的出口与减温塔进口连接，减温塔出口与填料塔的进口连接，填料塔的出口与湿式静电除雾器的进口连接，湿式静电除雾器的出口与烟气加热器进口连接。
  10. 一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理方法，其特征在于，包含以下步骤：
    步骤一：每个第一等离子体炬配置一个等离子体炬电源，所有电极配置一个电极电源；
    步骤二：当权利要求8或9所述的医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理系统在正常医疗废物处置负荷范围内时，第一等离子体炬分别由各自对应的等离子体炬电源供电工作且第一等离子体炬处于非转移弧工作制，电极由电极电源供电且电极作为电阻加热棒工作；
    步骤三：当医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理系统在超负荷工况时，第一等离子体炬只与各自对应的等离子体炬电源的负极连通并且第一等离子体炬处于转移弧工作制，电极与等离子体炬电源正极以及电极电源正极连接并且第一等离子体炬、熔渣、电极之间通电导通；
    步骤四：气化熔融炉产生的合成器在连接管道内经过第二等离子体炬将焦油、二噁英彻底分解，剩余合成气在二燃室内充分燃烧并高温脱硝；
    步骤五：合成气经过余热锅炉将产生的水蒸气送入热力系统进行热力发电，再进入急冷塔极速冷却；
    步骤六：冷却后的合成气经过两级布袋除尘器除尘后，再经过减温塔、填料塔、湿式静电除雾器和烟气加热器的处理达标后进行排放。
PCT/CN2021/112225 2021-07-02 2021-08-12 一种医疗废物等离子体气化熔融处理装置、系统及方法 WO2023272890A1 (zh)

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