WO2023216324A1 - 一种电芯组、电池模组及组装方法 - Google Patents

一种电芯组、电池模组及组装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023216324A1
WO2023216324A1 PCT/CN2022/095264 CN2022095264W WO2023216324A1 WO 2023216324 A1 WO2023216324 A1 WO 2023216324A1 CN 2022095264 W CN2022095264 W CN 2022095264W WO 2023216324 A1 WO2023216324 A1 WO 2023216324A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
battery core
group
electrode
end cap
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2022/095264
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王正伟
丁坤
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Phylion Battery Co Ltd
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Phylion Battery Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2023216324A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023216324A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/547—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells
    • H01M50/55—Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0404—Machines for assembling batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/298—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the wiring of battery packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/507—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising an arrangement of two or more busbars within a container structure, e.g. busbar modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/553—Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells
    • H01M50/557—Plate-shaped terminals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the tab is a metal conductor that leads out the positive and negative electrodes from the electrode set.
  • Existing lithium-ion batteries are usually designed with a bipolar tab structure.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art that the battery tabs are located at both ends of the pole group, which are complicated and prone to failure, and provide a battery pack, a battery module and an assembly method, so that the battery can The two poles are located at the same end, thus simplifying the wiring of the battery module and making the battery module structure simple.
  • the present invention provides a battery core group, including a first battery core and a second battery core that are adjacent and arranged in the same direction.
  • the first battery core includes a first electrode group, the negative electrode tab of the first electrode group is electrically connected to the second end cap, and the positive electrode tab of the first electrode group is electrically connected to the electrode post;
  • the first end cover, outer casing and second end cover form a housing
  • the housing of the first battery core is a steel shell
  • the housing of the second battery core The shell is aluminum shell.
  • the opposite surfaces of the housing are coated with insulating coatings.
  • a battery module includes an outer frame and multiple groups of the above-mentioned battery packs arranged in the same direction,
  • the outer frame includes a blasting frame corresponding to the safety valve.
  • Side support plates are connected to both ends of the blasting frame.
  • An upper bottom plate and a lower bottom plate are installed on the upper and lower sides of the side support plate.
  • the liquid cooling plate is provided with a slot corresponding to the heat collecting plate, and the upper and lower ends of the heat collecting plate are inserted into the slot.
  • a plurality of accommodating grooves are provided inside the heat collecting plate, and the accommodating grooves are filled with a cold and heat exchange medium.
  • the middle portions of the first connecting row and the second connecting row protrude outward to form first reinforcing ribs and second reinforcing ribs respectively.
  • a third reinforcing rib protruding outward is provided on the upper bottom plate.
  • the battery module assembly method is used to assemble the above-mentioned battery module, including the following steps:
  • S30 Use the first connection row to connect the positive and negative poles of the first and second cells in the battery pack, and use the second connection row to connect the positive poles of the first and second cells in the two adjacent battery groups. and negative pole.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery pack of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the first battery cell of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the battery module of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid cooling plate of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the heat collecting plate of the present invention.
  • the first battery core 110 and the second battery core 120 include a first end cover 111, a second end cover 112 and a shell 113.
  • the shell 113 is conductively connected to the first end cover. 111 and the second end cap 112, so the shell 113 can conduct the electrodes drawn out from the second end cap 112 to the first end cap 111.
  • the first end cap 111 is provided with an electrode post 114. At this time, the electrode post 114 and the first end cap 111 are located at the same end of the battery core.
  • the first battery core 110 includes a first pole group 119 , and the negative tab of the first pole group 119 is electrically connected to the second end cap 112 .
  • the first pole group 119 The positive electrode lug is electrically connected to the electrode post 114 .
  • the electrode post 114 of the first battery core 110 is the positive electrode
  • the outer shell 113 and the first end cap 111 of the first battery core 110 are the negative electrode.
  • the second battery core 120 includes a second electrode group, the positive electrode tab of the second electrode group is connected to the second end cap 112 , and the negative electrode tab of the second electrode group is connected to the electrode post 114 .
  • the electrode post 114 of the second battery core 120 is the negative electrode
  • the second end cap 112 the outer shell 113 and the first end cap 111 of the second battery core 120 are the positive electrode.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab can usually be arranged at the same end of the electrode group.
  • the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab will be arranged at both ends of the electrode group.
  • the present invention is suitable for This situation is extreme.
  • the length of the first battery core 110 and the second battery core 120 is more than 300 mm. Under this length, in order to improve the movement efficiency of electrons, the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab are arranged at both ends of the cell.
  • the electrodes originally located at both ends of the pole group can be led out to the same end of the battery core, so that the electrical connection of the two battery cores can be easily realized without the need to reversely set the battery core.
  • the pole groups of the two adjacent first battery cores 110 and the second battery core 120 are arranged in opposite directions. At this time, although the first battery core 110 and the second battery core 120 have the same structure, the same terminals at the same end are the same.
  • the position electrodes are opposite, that is, the electrode posts 114 of the first battery core 110 and the second battery core 120 are different electrodes, and the shell 113 and end cover of the first battery core 110 and the shell 113 and end cover of the second battery core 120 are also Different electrodes, so the first battery core 110 and the second battery core 120 do not need to be arranged upside down. They can be arranged in exactly the same way to satisfy the requirement that the positive electrode of the first battery cell 110 is connected to the negative electrode of the second battery core 120, and the second battery cell 120 is connected to the positive electrode.
  • the positive electrode of the battery core 120 is connected to the negative electrode of the first battery core 110 .
  • this connection method can ensure a stable connection and prevent cross-connection lines, further reducing the difficulty of connection and improving the safety of the battery core.
  • the two ends of the electrode post 114 are respectively connected to the connecting piece 115 and the conductive piece 116. Since the electrode The pole 114 and the first end cap 111 are different electrodes. In order to prevent the electrode pole 114, the connecting piece 115 and the conductive piece 116 from contacting the first end cap 111 and causing a short circuit, the electrode pole 114 and the first end cap 111 are connected.
  • An insulating sealing ring is provided in between, the connecting piece 115 is separated from the first end cover 111 by an insulating bracket, and the conductive piece 116 is separated from the first end cover 111 by an insulating plastic 118 .
  • the tabs of the first pole group 119 and the second pole group are electrically connected to the connecting piece 115
  • the connecting piece 115 leads the electrodes to the electrode posts 114
  • the electrode posts 114 continue to lead the electrodes to the conductive sheet 116 . Since the areas of the connecting piece 115 and the conductive piece 116 are relatively large, the stable connection with the pole group and adjacent conductive pieces can be ensured.
  • Li and Al not only form an alloy with the chemical formula LiAl, but may also form Li 3 Al 2 or Li 4 Al 3 . Due to the high activity of the reaction between metal Al and Li, metal Al consumes a large amount of Li, and its own structure and shape are also destroyed, so it cannot be used as the negative electrode material of lithium-ion batteries.
  • steel has only a small lithium insertion capacity and maintains the stability of its structure and electrochemical properties. It can be used as the negative electrode material of lithium-ion batteries, so the second part of the first battery cell 110
  • the end cap 112, the outer shell 113 and the first end cap 111 are selected as steel shells. Furthermore, in order to prevent the housing 113 from contacting each other and conducting electricity when the first battery core 110 and the second battery core 120 are assembled into a group, the opposite sides of the housing 113 are coated or covered with an insulating coating.
  • the working principle of the battery pack of the present invention is as follows:
  • the electrode posts 114 of the first battery core 110 and the second battery core 120 in the same battery core group 100 are connected through the first connection row 210.
  • adjacent ones The first end caps 111 of the two first battery cores 110 and the second battery core 120 are connected through a second connection row 220 .
  • the first connection row 210 connects the positive electrode of the first battery cell 110 and the negative electrode of the second battery cell 120
  • the second connection row 220 connects the positive electrode of the second battery cell 120 in one battery cell group 100 and another battery cell group 100 .
  • the negative electrode of the first battery core 110 is connected in series.
  • the first battery core 110 and the second battery core 120 are connected in series.
  • the two poles connected to each other are on the same plane and at the same height.
  • the first connection row 210 and the second connection row 220 are arranged as rectangular pieces to realize the connection of the two poles.
  • the middle portions of the first connection row 210 and the second connection row 220 respectively protrude outward to form a third connection row.
  • the first end caps 111 of the first battery core 110 and the second battery core 120 in the same battery core group 100 may be connected through the second connection row 220, and the adjacent ones may be connected through the second connection row 220.
  • the electrode posts 114 of the two adjacent first battery cells 110 and the second battery core 120 are connected through the first connection row 210 . That is, the second connection row 220 connects the negative electrode of the first battery cell 110 and the positive electrode of the second battery cell 120 in the same battery cell group 100, and the first connection row 210 connects the positive electrode of the first battery cell 110 in one battery cell group 100 and the positive electrode of another battery cell 100.
  • the second connection row 220 can directly connect the shells of the first battery core 110 and the second battery core 120, which can still ensure simple wiring.
  • the first battery core 110 and the second battery core 120 are too close to each other, although the outer shell 113 is coated with an insulating layer, in order to further prevent the shell 113 from conducting electricity, the first battery core 110 and the second battery core 120 are An insulating heat collecting plate 280 is provided between 120 to insulate and separate two adjacent shells 113 .
  • the liquid injection hole 121 and the safety valve 122 of the battery pack 100 are provided on the second end cover 112 .
  • the connection row covers most of the first end cover 111. At this time, there is not enough space on the first end cover 111.
  • Liquid hole 121 and safety valve 122 so in this embodiment, liquid injection hole 121, safety valve 122 and electrodes are provided at both ends of the battery core.
  • the safety valves 122 are distributed at various positions of the battery core.
  • the outer frame also includes side support plates 240, which are connected to both ends of the blasting frame 230.
  • An upper bottom plate 250 and a lower bottom plate 260 are installed on the upper and lower sides of the side support plate 240. This surrounds the battery core from five sides to provide support, fixation and protection for the battery core.
  • the side of the battery module 200 corresponding to the first end cover 111 is exposed to facilitate fixing the connection row to the first end cover 111 and the electrode post 114, and to avoid the connection row from colliding with the outer frame, which may cause The connecting strip has fallen off.
  • the outer frame may also include a side plate that blocks the first end cover 111 .
  • the battery pack 100 and the upper bottom plate 250 and the lower bottom plate 260 are provided with There is liquid cooling plate 270.
  • a water cooling channel 271 is provided in the liquid cooling plate 270 .
  • the water cooling channel 271 is S-shaped and extends from one end of the liquid cooling plate 270 to the other end.
  • the water cooling channel 271 is provided with a water inlet 272 and a water outlet 273. In order to conveniently avoid the water inlet 272 and the water outlet 273, the water inlet 272 and the water outlet 273 are arranged at the same end of the liquid cooling plate 270.
  • the first end of the S-shaped water cooling channel 271 is directly connected from the water inlet 272 and the water outlet 273.
  • the liquid cooling plate 270 extends sideways, and the second end is folded back from the end of the liquid cooling plate 270, and extends from the same side as the first end of the liquid cooling plate 270, so as to facilitate the installation of the side support plate 240 to avoid the The notch groove 241 of the water inlet 272 and the water outlet 273.
  • the heat collecting plate 280 clamped between the two first battery cores 110 and the second battery core 120 heats up due to the increase in battery core temperature. In order to dissipate the heat from the heat collecting plate 280, the heat collecting plate is fixed at the same time. 280.
  • the liquid cooling plate 270 is provided with a slot 274 corresponding to the heat collecting plate 280, and the upper and lower ends of the heat collecting plate 280 are inserted into the slot 274. Since the heat collecting plate 280 is in close contact with the liquid cooling plate 270 , the heat on the heat collecting plate 280 can be absorbed by the liquid cooling plate 270 , thereby cooling the heat collecting plate 280 .
  • a plurality of accommodating grooves 281 are provided inside the heat collecting plate 280 , and the accommodating grooves 281 are filled with heat and cold exchange materials. agent. Therefore, when the temperature of the battery module 200 is too high, in addition to cooling from the side of the battery module 200, it is also cooled from the inside of the battery module 200; when the temperature of the battery module 200 is too low, the heat collecting plate 280 can also cool the battery cells. The temperature rise greatly improves the safety of the battery module 200 .
  • the upper bottom plate 250 is provided with an outwardly protruding third reinforcing rib 251 .
  • the third reinforcing rib 251 can enhance the load-bearing capacity of the upper bottom plate 250 and avoid deformation of the upper bottom plate 250 .
  • a plurality of side rails 261 are fixed on the lower floor 260 , and a plurality of mounting holes are provided on the side rails 261 . It is convenient to fix the battery module 200 on the car chassis or other locations.
  • the present invention also provides a battery module 200 assembly method for assembling the above-mentioned battery module 200, which includes the following steps:
  • the polarity of the housing 113 of the first battery core 110 and the polarity of the housing 113 of the second battery core 120 are opposite, so the first connection row 210 and the second battery core 120 have opposite polarities.
  • the connection of the second connection row 220 is convenient, that is, the wiring of the battery module 200 is simple, the structure is simple, and the management of the battery module 200 is convenient.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电芯组、电池模组及组装方法，包括相邻且同向设置的第一电芯和第二电芯，所述第一电芯和第二电芯包括第一端盖、第二端盖和外壳，所述外壳导电连接所述第一端盖和第二端盖，所述第一端盖上设置有电极柱；所述第一电芯包括第一极组，所述第一极组的负极耳与所述第二端盖电连接，所述第一极组的正极耳与所述电极柱电连接；所述第二电芯包括第二极组，所述第二极组的正极耳与所述第二端盖电连接，所述第二极组的负极耳与所述电极柱电连接。本发明使得两极位于电芯的同一端，且相邻电芯的外壳极性不同，从而简化了电池模组接线方式，组装方便，组装效率高。

Description

一种电芯组、电池模组及组装方法 技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子电芯技术领域，尤其是指一种电芯组、电池模组及组装方法。
背景技术
极耳就是从极组中将正负极引出来的金属导电体，现有的锂离子电池通常设计为双极耳结构。
一般的双极耳锂离子电池的正极耳和负极耳位于极组的同一端，但在电池长度较长的情况下，为提高电传导效率，确保极耳的过流能力，正极耳和负极耳分别设置在电池极组的两端。由于锂离子电池进行模组组装时，一个模组中的多个单电芯需要正负极相连，以实现串联、并联效果，故在正极耳和负极耳位于锂离子电池两端的情况下，不方便进行串联连接。同时在将电池模组内的引线引出以连接BMS电池系统及其他电路时，同样接线繁琐，容易出现故障。
发明内容
为此，本发明所要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中极耳位于极组两端的电池接线繁琐，容易出现故障的缺陷，提供一种电芯组、电池模组及组装方法，使得电池的两极位于同一端，从而简化了电池模组的接线，也使得电池模组结构简洁。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种电芯组，包括相邻且同向设置的第一电芯和第二电芯，
所述第一电芯和第二电芯包括第一端盖、第二端盖和外壳，所述外壳导电连接所述第一端盖和第二端盖，所述第一端盖上设置有电极柱；
所述第一电芯包括第一极组，所述第一极组的负极耳与所述第二端盖电连接，所述第一极组的正极耳与所述电极柱电连接；
所述第二电芯包括第二极组，所述第二极组的正极耳与所述第二端盖电连接，所述第二极组的负极耳与所述电极柱电连接。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述第一端盖、外壳和第二端盖组成壳体，所述第一电芯的所述壳体为钢壳，所述第二电芯的所述壳体为铝壳。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述电极柱与所述第一端盖之间设置有绝缘密封圈，所述电极柱的两端分别连接有连接片和导电片，所述第一极组和第二极组与所述连接片电连接，所述导电片与所述第一端盖之间通过绝缘塑胶间隔。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述外壳相对的面上均涂覆有绝缘涂层。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述第一电芯和第二电芯的长度在300mm以上。
一种电池模组，包括外框和多组同向设置的上述电芯组，
所述电芯组的第二端盖上设置有安全阀，同一所述电芯组中的所述第一电芯和第二电芯的电极柱通过第一连接排相连，相邻两所述电芯组中，相邻两所述第一电芯和第二电芯的第一端盖或外壳通过第二连接排相连，或者，同一所述电芯组中所述第一电芯和第二电芯的第一端盖或外壳通过第二连接排相连，相邻两所述电芯组中，相邻两所述第一电芯和第二电芯的电极柱通过第一连接排相连，所述第一电芯两侧和第二电芯两侧均设置有绝缘集热板；
所述外框包括对应所述安全阀设置的爆破架，所述爆破架两端连接有侧支撑板，所述侧支撑板上下两侧安装有上底板和下底板。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述电芯组与所述上底板和下底板之间均设置有液冷板，所述液冷板的端部设置有进水口和出水口，所述侧支撑板上设置有避让所述进水口和出水口的缺口槽。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述液冷板上设置有对应所述集热板的插槽，所述集热板的上下两端插入所述插槽内。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述爆破架内部设置有气道，所述气道一侧设置有对应所述安全阀的进气孔，所述气道另一侧设置有定向爆破孔，所述定向爆破孔通过密封阀片密封。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述集热板内部设置若干容置槽，所述容置槽内填充有冷热交换剂。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述第一连接排和第二连接排的中部均向外凸起分别形成第一加强筋和第二加强筋。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述上底板上设置有向外凸出的第三加强筋。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述下底板上固定有若干下边梁，所述下边梁上设置有多个安装孔。
电池模组组装方法，用于组装上述的电池模组，包括如下步骤：
S10：分别组装第一电芯和第二电芯；
S20：将第一电芯和第二电芯以相同的方向间隔装入外框内，且在第一电芯和第二电芯之间插入集热板，使两个相邻的第一电芯和第二电芯形成一电芯组；
S30：利用第一连接排连接电芯组内第一电芯和第二电芯的正极和负极，用第二连接排连接相邻两电芯组中第一电芯和第二电芯的正极和负极。
本发明的上述技术方案相比现有技术具有以下优点：
本发明所述的一种电芯组，使得两极位于电芯的同一端，且相邻电芯的外壳极性不同，从而方便连接；
本发明所述的电池模组，通过使用上述电芯组，大大简化了接线方式，提高了结构的简洁性；
本发明所述的组装方法，由于无需对电芯方向进行调整，因此组装方便， 组装效率高。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解，下面根据本发明的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明，其中
图1是本发明电芯组结构示意图；
图2是本发明第一电芯的剖视图；
图3是本发明电池模组示意图；
图4是本发明电池模组剖视图；
图5是本发明爆破架示意图；
图6是本发明液冷板剖视图；
图7是本发明集热板剖视图。
说明书附图标记说明：100、电芯组；110、第一电芯；111、第一端盖；112、第二端盖；113、外壳；114、电极柱；115、连接片；116、导电片；118、绝缘塑胶；119、第一极组；120、第二电芯；121、注液孔；122、安全阀；
200、电池模组；210、第一连接排；211、第一加强筋；220、第二连接排；221、第二加强筋；222、导流孔；230、爆破架；231、气道；232、进气孔；233、定向爆破孔；234、密封阀片；240、侧支撑板；241、缺口槽；250、上底板；251、第三加强筋；260、下底板；261、下边梁；270、液冷板；271、水冷通道；272、进水口；273、出水口；274、插槽；280、集热板；281、容置槽。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
本发明中以方形电池为参照图1所示，为本发明的一种电芯组结构示意图。本发明的一种电芯组100包括相邻且同向设置的第一电芯110和第二电芯120。通过将电芯同向设置，使得电芯的电极柱一端位于同一侧，安全阀122端位于同一侧，电芯排列整齐一致，从而方便组装成模组。
具体的，参照图2所示，所述第一电芯110和第二电芯120包括第一端盖111、第二端盖112和外壳113，所述外壳113导电连接所述第一端盖111和第二端盖112，故外壳113能够将第二端盖112引出的电极传导至第一端盖111。所述第一端盖111上设置有电极柱114，此时电极柱114与第一端盖111位于电芯的同一端。
为了将电芯的电量引出，所述第一电芯110包括第一极组119，所述第一极组119的负极耳与所述第二端盖112电连接，所述第一极组119的正极耳与所述电极柱114电连接。此时第一电芯110的电极柱114为正极，第一电芯110的第二端盖112、外壳113和第一端盖111为负极。
所述第二电芯120包括第二极组，所述第二极组的正极耳与所述第二端盖112相连，所述第二极组的负极耳与所述电极柱114相连。此时第二电芯120的电极柱114为负极，第二电芯120的第二端盖112、外壳113和第一端盖111为正极。
在电芯长度较短时，正极耳和负极耳通常可以设置在极组的同一端，但在电芯长度较长时，正极耳和负极耳会设置在极组的两端，本发明适于此种情况的极耳。具体的，本实施例中以所述第一电芯110和第二电芯120的长度在300mm以上为例，在此种长度下，为了提高电子的移动效率，将正极耳和负极耳设置在电芯的两端。通过本实施例中外壳113的导电连接，使得原本位于极组两端的电极能够被引出至电芯的同一端，从而无需将电芯反向设置即可便捷实现两电芯的电连接。同时本实施例中还将相邻两第一电芯110和第二电芯120的极组反向设置，此时，第一电芯110和第二电芯120虽然结构相同，但同一端的相同位置电极相反，即第一电芯110和第二电芯120的电极柱114为不同的电极，第一电芯110的外壳113和端盖与第二电芯 120的外壳113和端盖也为不同的电极，因此第一电芯110和第二电芯120无需颠倒设置，两者以完全相同的方式设置即可满足第一电芯110的正极与第二电芯120的负极相连，第二电芯120的正极与第一电芯110的负极相连。且由于电极柱114突出第一端盖111一定的高度，因此此种连接方式能够保证连接的稳定，更不会出现连接线交叉，进一步降低连接的难度，提高电芯的安全性。
进一步的，由于电极柱114端面的面积小，为保证对第一电芯110和第二电芯120的连接，所述电极柱114的两端分别连接有连接片115和导电片116，由于电极柱114与第一端盖111为不同的电极，为防止电极柱114、连接片115和导电片116与第一端盖111接触导致短路，所述电极柱114与所述第一端盖111之间设置有绝缘密封圈，所述连接片115通过绝缘支架与所述第一端盖111分隔，所述导电片116与所述第一端盖111通过绝缘塑胶118间隔。工作时，第一极组119和第二极组的极耳与所述连接片115电连接，连接片115将电极导出至电极柱114，电极柱114继续将电极导出至导电片116。由于连接片115和导电片116的面积较大，因此可以保证与极组及相邻导电片连接的稳定。
在锂离子电芯中，由于正极电位高，一般金属在高电位下很容易被氧化，而铝的氧化电位高，且铝板表层有致密的氧化膜，对内部的铝也有较好的保护作用，因此第二电芯120的第二端盖112、外壳113、第一端盖111作为正极壳体，其选择铝壳。进一步的，铝在低电位下与锂会发生合金化反应因而被消耗。金属铝的晶格八面体空隙大小与Li大小相近，极易与Li形成金属间隙化合物，Li和Al不仅形成了化学式为LiAl的合金，还有可能形成了Li 3Al 2或Li 4Al 3。由于金属Al与Li反应的高活泼性，使金属Al消耗了大量的Li，本身的结构和形态也遭到破坏，故不能作为锂离子电芯的负极材料。而钢在极组充放电过程中，只有很少的嵌锂容量，并且保持了结构和电化学性能的稳定，可作为锂离子电芯的负极材料，故所述第一电芯110的第二端盖112、外壳113和第一端盖111作为壳体选择为钢壳。进一步的，为防止第一电芯110和第二电芯120在拼装成组时外壳113相贴导电，在所述 外壳113相对的侧面外均涂覆或者包覆有绝缘涂层。
本发明的电芯组工作原理如下：
第一电芯110与第二电芯120相邻设置，两者设置方向完全相同，一方面，多个电芯串并联成组时，无需频繁调整电芯的方向，组装方便，且电芯排列整齐，外观美观。通过外壳113导电连通第二端盖112和第一端盖111，使得位于极组两端的电极被引出至电芯的同一端，同时外壳113外涂覆有绝缘涂层，从而即使第一电芯110和第二电芯120相互贴近，外壳113间也不会导电导致相互腐蚀。进一步的，第一电芯110和第二电芯120的电芯反向设置，使得第一电芯110的极柱与第二电芯120的极柱、第一电芯110的第一端盖111与第二电芯120的第一端盖111的极性不同，此时第一电芯110的正极和第二电芯120的负极处于同一直线上，第一电芯110的负极和第二电芯120的正极处于同一直线上，方便连接第一电芯110和第二电芯120，进而使电芯组装成组更加简单。
参照图3所示，为本发明的一种电池模组示意图。本发明的电池模组200包括外框和多组同向设置的电芯组100。外框对电芯组100起到支撑、固定和保护作用，因为电芯组100中第一电芯110和第二电芯120的两极均位于同一端，且两电芯的不同电极处于同一直线，当多组电芯组100同向设置，则所有电芯的两极均位于电池模组200的同一侧，且相邻两电芯的正极和负极处于同一直线，因此方便连接，组装简单。
具体的，同一所述电芯组100中的所述第一电芯110和第二电芯120的电极柱114通过第一连接排210相连，相邻两所述电芯组100中，相邻两所述第一电芯110和第二电芯120的第一端盖111通过第二连接排220相连。此时第一连接排210连接第一电芯110的正极与第二电芯120的负极，第二连接排220连接一电芯组100中第二电芯120的正极与另一电芯组100中第一电芯110的负极，第一电芯110和第二电芯120被串联。相互连接的两极处于同一平面且高度相同，第一连接排210和第二连接排220设置为矩形片即可实现对两极的连接。为保证连接排的强度，同时在两电芯由于振动、膨 胀等情况分开一定的距离时仍能够保持连接状态，所述第一连接排210和第二连接排220中部分别向外凸起形成第一加强筋211和第二加强筋221。
当然，在本发明的其他实施例中还可以是同一所述电芯组100中所述第一电芯110和第二电芯120的第一端盖111通过第二连接排220相连，相邻两所述电芯组100中，相邻两所述第一电芯110和第二电芯120的电极柱114通过第一连接排210相连。即第二连接排220连接同一电芯组100中第一电芯110的负极和第二电芯120的正极，第一连接排210连接一电芯组100中第一电芯110的正极与另一电芯组100中第二电芯120的负极。或者第二连接排220可以直接连接第一电芯110和第二电芯120的外壳，仍能够保证接线简洁。
进一步的，由于第一电芯110和第二电芯120贴靠过近，虽然外壳113外涂覆有绝缘层，但为进一步防止外壳113导电，所述第一电芯110和第二电芯120之间设置有绝缘集热板280，以将相邻两外壳113绝缘分隔。
参照图4所示，所述电芯组100的注液孔121和安全阀122设置在第二端盖112上。本实施例中，由于两电极位于电芯的同一端，为连接相邻电芯的电机，连接排覆盖了第一端盖111大部分，此时第一端盖111上没有足够的空间设置注液孔121和安全阀122，故本实施例中将注液孔121和安全阀122与电极设置于电芯的两端。进一步的，由于每个电芯上均设置有安全阀122，在一个电池模组200中存在多个电芯的情况下，安全阀122分布在电芯各个位置，当某一电芯内部压力骤增，安全阀122开启排气减压，由于压力过大的电芯的位置不确定，即安全阀122开启的位置不确定，因此电池模组200排气的位置不确定，导致电池模组200不便于管理。在此种情况下，本实施例中安全阀122位于电池模组200同一侧，从而方便对安全阀122进行集中管理。具体的，所述外框包括对应所述安全阀122的位置设置有爆破架230，通过爆破架230的引导，使冲破安全阀122的气体从电池模组200的同一个位置排出。参照图4和图5所示，所述爆破架230内部沿其长度方向设置有气道231，所述气道231一侧设置有对应所述安全阀122的进气孔232，从而任一安全阀122爆破时，冲出安全阀122的气流都将从进气孔232 进入气道231。所述气道231另一侧设置有定向爆破孔233，所述定向爆破孔233通过密封阀片234密封。当有气流进入气道231，则密封阀片234开启，由于气道231仅有定向爆破孔233一个出口，因此从任意进气孔232进入的气体都将从一个位置排出，从而方便管理。
进一步的，外框还包括侧支撑板240，侧支撑板240连接于所述爆破架230两端，所述侧支撑板240上下两侧安装有上底板250和下底板260。从而从五个侧面将电芯包围，为电芯提供支撑、固定和保护作用。本实施例中，电池模组200对应第一端盖111的侧面暴露在外，以方便将连接排与第一端盖111和电极柱114固定，同时避免连接排与外框碰撞，长时间后导致连接排脱落。当然在其他实施例中，外框也可以包括遮挡第一端盖111的侧板。
参照图6所示，由于电池模组200在工作过程中会产生热量，为进一步实现对电池模组200的降温，所述电芯组100与所述上底板250和下底板260之间均设置有液冷板270。所述液冷板270内设置有水冷通道271，水冷通道271呈S形，从液冷板270的一端延伸至另一端。水冷通道271设置有进水口272和出水口273，为方便避让进水口272和出水口273，进水口272和出水口273设置在液冷板270同一端，S形水冷通道271第一端直接从液冷板270侧边伸出，第二端从液冷板270端部折返，与第一端从液冷板270同侧伸出，从而方便在所述侧支撑板240上设置有避让所述进水口272和出水口273的缺口槽241。进一步的，夹持在两第一电芯110和第二电芯120之间的集热板280由于电芯温度的升高而升温，为将集热板280的热量导出，同时固定集热板280，所述液冷板270上设置有对应所述集热板280的插槽274，所述集热板280的上下两端插入所述插槽274内。由于集热板280与所述液冷板270紧密接触，因此集热板280上的热量能够被液冷板270吸收，从而对集热板280进行降温。
参照图7所示，为进一步对第一电芯110和第二电芯120进行温度调节，所述集热板280内部设置若干容置槽281，所述容置槽281内填充有冷热交换剂。从而当电池模组200温度过高，除了从电池模组200侧边进行降温，还从电池模组200内部实现降温；当电池模组200温度过低，集热板280还 能够对电芯进行升温，大大提高了电池模组200的安全性。
更进一步的，所述上底板250上设置有向外凸出的第三加强筋251。第三加强筋251能够加强上底板250的承载能力，避免上底板250的变形。所述下底板260上固定有若干下边梁261，所述下边梁261上设置有多个安装孔。方便将电池模组200固定在汽车底盘或其他位置。
本发明还提供一种电池模组200组装方法，用于组装上述的电池模组200，包括如下步骤：
S10：分别组装第一电芯110和第二电芯120；使得两个电极均位于第一电芯110和第二电芯120的同一端，且第一电芯110与第二电芯120外壳113的极性相反、第一电芯110电极柱114的极性与第二电芯120电极柱114的极性相反。
S20：将第一电芯110和第二电芯120以相同的方向间隔装入外框内，同时在第一电芯110和第二电芯120之间插入集热板280，使两个相邻的第一电芯110和第二电芯120形成一电芯组100；由于第一电芯110和第二电芯120的形式一致，因此无需频繁调整电芯的方向，大大简化了电芯组100装步骤。集热板280能够吸收电池模组200内部热量并传递给上下两侧的液冷板270，对电池模组200的降温效果好，大大提高了电池模组200的安全性。
S30：放置好第一电芯110和第二电芯120后，利用第一连接排210连接电芯组100内第一电芯110和第二电芯120的正极和负极，用第二连接排220连接相邻两电芯组100中第一电芯110和第二电芯120的正极和负极。使得电池模组200中所有第一电芯110和第二电芯120被串联。由于第一电芯110和第二电芯120的两极均位于同一端，第一电芯110外壳113的极性和第二电芯120外壳113的极性相反，因此第一连接排210和第二连接排220的连接方便，即电池模组200的接线简单，结构简洁，方便对电池模组200进行管理。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，并非对实施方式的 限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电芯组，其特征在于，包括相邻且同向设置的第一电芯和第二电芯，
    所述第一电芯和第二电芯包括第一端盖、第二端盖和外壳，所述外壳导电连接所述第一端盖和第二端盖，所述第一端盖上设置有电极柱；
    所述第一电芯包括第一极组，所述第一极组的负极耳与所述第二端盖电连接，所述第一极组的正极耳与所述电极柱电连接；
    所述第二电芯包括第二极组，所述第二极组的正极耳与所述第二端盖电连接，所述第二极组的负极耳与所述电极柱电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电芯组，其特征在于，所述第一端盖、外壳和第二端盖组成壳体，所述第一电芯的所述壳体为钢壳，所述第二电芯的所述壳体为铝壳。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电芯组，其特征在于，所述电极柱与所述第一端盖之间设置有绝缘密封圈，所述电极柱的两端分别连接有连接片和导电片，所述第一极组和第二极组与所述连接片电连接，所述导电片与所述第一端盖之间通过绝缘塑胶间隔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电芯组，其特征在于，所述外壳相对的面上均涂覆有绝缘涂层。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电芯组，其特征在于，所述第一电芯和第二电芯的长度在300mm以上。
  6. 一种电池模组，其特征在于，包括外框和多组同向设置的如权利要求1-5任一项所述的电芯组，
    所述电芯组的第二端盖上设置有安全阀，同一所述电芯组中的所述第一电芯和第二电芯的电极柱通过第一连接排相连，相邻两所述电芯组中，相邻 两所述第一电芯和第二电芯的第一端盖或外壳通过第二连接排相连，或者，同一所述电芯组中所述第一电芯和第二电芯的第一端盖或外壳通过第二连接排相连，相邻两所述电芯组中，相邻两所述第一电芯和第二电芯的电极柱通过第一连接排相连，所述第一电芯两侧和第二电芯两侧均设置有绝缘集热板；
    所述外框包括对应所述安全阀设置的爆破架，所述爆破架两端连接有侧支撑板，所述侧支撑板上下两侧安装有上底板和下底板。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述电芯组与所述上底板和下底板之间均设置有液冷板，所述液冷板的端部设置有进水口和出水口，所述侧支撑板上设置有避让所述进水口和出水口的缺口槽。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述液冷板上设置有对应所述集热板的插槽，所述集热板的上下两端插入所述插槽内。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述爆破架内部设置有气道，所述气道一侧设置有对应所述安全阀的进气孔，所述气道另一侧设置有定向爆破孔，所述定向爆破孔通过密封阀片密封。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述集热板内部设置若干容置槽，所述容置槽内填充有冷热交换剂。
  11. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述第一连接排和第二连接排的中部均向外凸起分别形成第一加强筋和第二加强筋。
  12. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述上底板上设置有向外凸出的第三加强筋。
  13. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述下底板上固定有若干下边梁，所述下边梁上设置有多个安装孔。
  14. 电池模组组装方法，其特征在于，用于组装如权利要求6-13任一项 所述的电池模组，包括如下步骤：
    S10：分别组装第一电芯和第二电芯；
    S20：将第一电芯和第二电芯以相同的方向间隔装入外框内，且在第一电芯和第二电芯之间插入集热板，使两个相邻的第一电芯和第二电芯形成一电芯组；
    S30：利用第一连接排连接电芯组内第一电芯和第二电芯的正极和负极，用第二连接排连接相邻两电芯组中第一电芯和第二电芯的正极和负极。
PCT/CN2022/095264 2022-05-13 2022-05-26 一种电芯组、电池模组及组装方法 Ceased WO2023216324A1 (zh)

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