WO2023202056A1 - 一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置 - Google Patents

一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023202056A1
WO2023202056A1 PCT/CN2022/132248 CN2022132248W WO2023202056A1 WO 2023202056 A1 WO2023202056 A1 WO 2023202056A1 CN 2022132248 W CN2022132248 W CN 2022132248W WO 2023202056 A1 WO2023202056 A1 WO 2023202056A1
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Prior art keywords
perforated plate
anchor
ratio
perforated
negative poisson
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PCT/CN2022/132248
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
齐永正
杨子明
张航
陈天蛋
徐浩青
吴思麟
王宗志
金光球
关云飞
郝昀杰
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Priority to JP2023506123A priority Critical patent/JP7485316B2/ja
Publication of WO2023202056A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023202056A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a negative Poisson's ratio rotating enlarged square perforated plate array anchor device, which belongs to the technical field of slope engineering anchor support.
  • Metamaterials refer to artificially designed novel materials that have physical properties that ordinary materials in nature do not have. Their macroscopic properties largely depend on the internal microstructure (cells or functional primitives) rather than the properties of the parent material itself. .
  • Negative stiffness metamaterials are an important category, in which force and displacement change in opposite directions when deformed. Negative Poisson's ratio materials and structures have great advantages in shear resistance, indentation resistance, fracture resistance, surface isotropy, permeability variability and energy absorption performance. At present, the application of negative Poisson's ratio materials has covered many fields.
  • Negative Poisson's ratio rotated polygon structures are another major category of negative Poisson's ratio materials.
  • Rotating systems are generally composed of rigid polygons articulated through vertices.
  • the Poisson's ratio of the rotating polygon structure can be positive or negative, mainly depending on the combination of polygons and the degree of openness of the system.
  • the principle of the negative Poisson's ratio effect produced by the rotated polygon structure is that after the system is stressed, the rigid polygon rotates and expands (retracts) around the vertex, causing the entire structure to expand (contract).
  • the rotated polygon structure can also be extended to a three-dimensional structure.
  • Soil anchoring technology can mobilize the soil's own strength through the reinforcement of anchor rods, making the soil become a part of the engineering structure, greatly reducing the volume of the retaining structure, reducing the self-weight of the reinforced structure, saving engineering materials, and for control
  • the soil deformation effect is significant.
  • the bearing capacity of the anchor mainly depends on the bonding friction strength between the anchor and the surrounding rock and soil media. However, the bonding friction strength of some soils is low, and it is often difficult to meet the design pull-out force requirements.
  • the present invention provides a negative Poisson's ratio rotating enlarged square perforated plate array anchor device.
  • a negative Poisson's ratio rotating expanded square perforated plate array anchor device which includes an anchor body, a retaining structure, a pedestal, an anchor, and an anchor fixing plate.
  • One end of the anchor body passes through the retaining structure, the pedestal, and the anchor in sequence, and the other end of the anchor body passes through the anchor fixing plate.
  • the characteristic is that the other end of the anchor body passes through the anchor fixing plate and is hinged.
  • a negative Poisson's ratio amplified perforated plate array anchoring structure is provided, and one end of the negative Poisson's ratio perforated plate array anchoring structure away from the anchor fixing plate is hingedly provided with a displacement suppressor that prevents the end displacement of the negative Poisson's ratio perforated plate array anchoring structure.
  • the stainless steel-copper alloy anchor body shrinks radially when subjected to pressure due to the negative Poisson's ratio characteristics of the material, resulting in a negative Poisson's ratio compression contraction effect.
  • the unstable slope or unstable soil gives tensile force to the retaining structure.
  • the reinforcing bar anchor body and the anchor body begin to bear tensile stress.
  • the stainless steel-copper alloy anchor body due to the negative Poisson's ratio of the rod body
  • the deformation characteristics expand along the direction of shear stress.
  • the expansion deformation causes the pressure and friction between the anchor body and the soil to increase, which reduces the possibility of relative displacement between the anchor body and the soil. , to improve its anchoring effect.
  • the expansion of the anchor body will cause the pressure between the anchor body and the concrete to increase, thereby squeezing the soil and increasing the mechanical force between the three. The bite force further improves the anchoring effectiveness of the anchor rod.
  • the displacement suppressor at the end prevents the negative Poisson's ratio from amplifying the end displacement of the perforated plate array anchoring structure, which is close to instability.
  • the structure at the end of the slope slides outward as the anchor rod.
  • the negative Poisson's ratio amplified perforated plate array anchor structure slowly expands into multiple crisscross structures and becomes an end expansion anchor rod.
  • the negative Poisson's ratio anchor rod as a whole reaches The anchoring force limit is reached.
  • the anchor body is made of an alloy of brass and stainless steel and has an auxetic effect.
  • the traditional anchor section is prestressed, and the anchor section passes through the retaining structure and is pulled by the anchor to apply prestress, and is fixed by the anchor head.
  • the anchor body, anchorage, pedestal and supporting structure are connected to bear the sliding force of the unstable slope.
  • the negative Poisson's ratio amplifying perforated plate array anchoring structure includes a plurality of rotationally rigid amplification structures, a first elastic cable and a first rigid pull rod.
  • the plurality of rotationally rigid amplification structures are disposed in an offset manner and are connected by the first elastic pull rod.
  • the cable is connected to the first rigid tie rod.
  • the rotating rigid amplification structure includes 4 groups of rotating square structures, and the 4 groups of rotating square structures are hinged in a 2 ⁇ 2 array to form a rotating rigid amplifying structure;
  • the rotating square structure includes 4 perforated plates, and the 4 groups of rotating square structures are The perforated plates are hinged in a 2 ⁇ 2 array to form a rotating square structure.
  • the articulation between the four perforated plates causes the rotating square structure to rotate and expand around the hinge point after being stressed, causing the entire structure to expand, and the rotational rigidity amplifies the structural stability.
  • Song ratio is negative.
  • the perforated plate has a square structure, and the surface of the perforated plate is textured, not smooth, and is uneven, thereby increasing the friction between the perforated plate and the soil.
  • one side of one of the perforated plates is provided with two spaced first end plates, and one side of the perforated plate adjacent to one of the perforated plates is provided with a second end plate, and the first end plate , the second end plates are provided with through holes, the second end plates are located between the two first end plates, bolts are provided in the through holes, and fasteners are provided at one end of the bolts passing through the through holes.
  • the hinge requirements of the rotationally rigid amplification structure are relatively high. It must not only ensure that the bolts are not stuck or relative rotation occurs when the structure is opened, but also must ensure that it is not corroded by minerals, humid environments and microorganisms in the rock and soil. Therefore, Certain anti-rust and anti-corrosion treatments are required. A lubricating coating is applied to bolts and fasteners.
  • reinforcing rib anchor bodies on both sides of the anchor body, and one end of the two reinforcing rib anchor bodies passes through the retaining structure, the pedestal, and the anchor in sequence.
  • the two reinforcing rib anchor bodies The other end of the body is provided with a reinforcing bar anchor, and the other ends of the two reinforcing bar anchor bodies pass through the anchor fixing plate and the reinforcing bar anchor respectively in sequence and are hinged to the negative Poisson's ratio amplified perforated plate array anchoring structure.
  • reinforcing bar anchor bodies on both sides of the anchor body.
  • the reinforcing bar anchor body passes through the reserved hole of the retaining structure and is fixed by the reinforcing bar anchor.
  • the other end Pass through the supporting structure and be fixed with anchors.
  • a second elastic cable is hinged between the two reinforcing bar anchor bodies and the negative Poisson's ratio amplified perforated plate array anchoring structure, and the anchor body and the negative Poisson's ratio amplified perforated plate array anchoring structure
  • a third rigid pull rod is hingedly connected therebetween, and the third rigid pull rod is located between the two second elastic cables.
  • the two rotationally rigid amplification structures are connected by two first elastic cables and a first rigid tie rod, and the two rotationally rigid amplification structures are perpendicular to each other. It is arranged that the first rigid pull rod is located between the two first elastic pull cables.
  • the anchoring effect is greatest when the rotationally rigid amplification structures are arranged perpendicular to each other.
  • a second rigid tie rod is provided between the displacement suppressor and the negative Poisson's ratio amplification perforated plate array anchoring structure, and the two ends of the second rigid tie rod are respectively hinged between the displacement suppressor and the negative Poisson's ratio amplification perforated plate. between array anchoring structures.
  • the displacement suppressor at the end prevents the end displacement of the negative Poisson's ratio amplified perforated plate array anchoring structure.
  • the displacement suppressor is a conical structure with a square steel plate at one end of the conical bottom. The end plate is welded to the steel plate and hinged to the end of the negative Poisson's ratio perforated plate array anchoring structure through bolts and fasteners.
  • a displacement suppressor is added to fill the deeper soil.
  • the structure adds an anchor body and two reinforcing bar anchor bodies at one end close to the retaining structure, which has a better integration with the overall anchor body.
  • each set of rotationally rigid amplification structures is composed of 16 perforated plates in a 4 ⁇ 4 array
  • the first row of perforated plates includes a first perforated plate, a second perforated plate, a third perforated plate, and a fourth perforated plate.
  • the second row of perforated plates includes a fifth perforated plate, a sixth perforated plate, a seventh perforated plate, and an eighth perforated plate;
  • the first perforated plate has end plates welded at the upper end of the right edge and the right end of the lower edge respectively
  • the second perforated plate has end plates welded at the upper end of the left edge, the left end of the lower edge and the lower end of the right edge respectively
  • the third perforated plate has end plates welded at the lower end of the left edge and the right end of the lower edge.
  • the upper end of the edge and the right end of the lower edge are respectively welded with end plates
  • the fourth perforated plate is respectively welded with end plates at the upper end of the left edge and the left end of the lower edge;
  • the fifth perforated plate and the first perforated plate are provided with end plates symmetrically, the sixth perforated plate and the second perforated plate are provided with end plates symmetrically, the seventh perforated plate and the third perforated plate are provided with end plates symmetrically, and the eighth perforated plate and the third perforated plate are provided with end plates symmetrically.
  • the four perforated plates are symmetrically provided with end plates; and the left end of the lower edge of the fifth perforated plate is welded with an end plate, the lower edge of the sixth perforated plate is welded with an end plate on the right end, the lower edge of the seventh perforated plate is welded with an end plate, and the lower edge of the eighth perforated plate is welded with an end plate on the right end.
  • the right end of the lower edge of the first perforated plate is hinged to the fifth perforated plate and is also hinged to the second elastic cable.
  • the left end of the lower edge of the fourth perforated plate is hinged to the eighth perforated plate.
  • the first elastic cable is also hinged to the fifth perforated plate.
  • the left end of the lower edge of the board is hinged to the third rigid tie rod, and the right end of the lower edge of the eighth perforated plate is hinged to the first rigid tie rod;
  • the third row of perforated plates is provided with end plates symmetrically with the second row of perforated plates, and the fourth row of perforated plates is provided with end plates symmetrically with the first row of perforated plates.
  • the first and third perforated plates in the first row, the sixth and eighth perforated plates in the second row, the ninth and eleventh perforated plates in the third row, the fourteenth and eleventh perforated plates in the fourth row Sixteen perforated plates began to rotate clockwise under the action of tension until they rotated 45°. The remaining perforated plates began to rotate counterclockwise under the action of tension until they rotated 45°. At this time, the structure was stretched to the maximum and the maximum resistance of the anchor rod was reached.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Since the anchor body and the negative Poisson's ratio perforated plate array anchoring structure of the present invention both exhibit negative Poisson's ratio deformation characteristics at a macro level, the anchor reduces the size of the anchor during the construction stage. The resistance of the anchor rod when it is inserted into the soil shows expansion characteristics when it is subjected to external pulling force, which enhances the anchoring effect of the anchor rod.
  • the present invention uses a secondary anchoring structure.
  • the steel and copper negative Poisson's ratio anchors are primary anchoring structures, and the negative Poisson's ratio amplified perforated plate array anchoring structure is a secondary anchoring structure. While the primary anchoring structure is functioning, , the secondary anchoring structure only serves as its auxiliary. After the primary structure loses its effectiveness, the secondary anchoring structure officially comes into play. This feature creates favorable conditions for local modification and iteration of the anchor.
  • the negative Poisson's ratio anchor of the present invention is convenient for local modification and iteration, that is, if the rock and soil body to be anchored does not require high anchoring force, the secondary anchoring structure can be dismantled after design calculation; if the anchor body If it can bear the expected tensile force, there is no need to design the reinforcement anchor body.
  • the device of the present invention is widely used.
  • the anchor rod has various shapes and is suitable for geotechnical support, underground engineering, tunnel engineering, seawall anchoring engineering, etc., and has broad application prospects.
  • this negative Poisson's ratio anchor also has the advantages of flexible anchors.
  • the anchoring force is graded reliably and is easy to adjust and supplement, and is easy to be recycled and reused. It has strong creep resistance and low anchoring effectiveness. Affected by the existence of gaps in the rock and soil, the overall strength of the anchor rod is high and wear-resistant.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the anchor body segment in the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the rotationally rigid amplification structure of the present invention being folded.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the rotationally rigid amplification structure of the present invention unfolded.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the perforated plate connection method in the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the displacement suppressor and the rotation amplification structure.
  • 1 perforated board 1-1 first perforated board, 1-2 second perforated board, 1-3 third perforated board, 1-4 fourth perforated board, 1-5 fifth perforated board, 1-6
  • Sixth perforated plate 1-7 seventh perforated plate, 1-8 eighth perforated plate, 2 first end plate, 3 second end plate, 4 bolts, 5 fasteners, 6, anchor, 7 pedestal, 8 Retaining structure, 9 anchor body, 10 reinforcement anchor, 11 reinforcement anchor body, 12 anchor fixing plate, 13 displacement suppressor, 14 first elastic cable, 15 first rigid tie rod, 16 second rigid Pull rod, 17 second elastic cable, 18 third rigid pull rod.
  • a negative Poisson's ratio rotating expanded square perforated plate array anchor device includes an anchor body 9, a retaining structure 8, a pedestal 7, and an anchor 6 , Anchor fixing plate 12, Reinforcement rib anchor 10.
  • the anchor body 9 is made of an alloy of brass and stainless steel and has an auxetic effect. Reinforcement rib anchors are provided on both sides of the anchor body 9.
  • Body 11 one end of the anchor body 9 and two reinforcing rib anchor bodies 11 passes through the retaining structure 8, the base 7, and the anchor 6 in sequence, and the other end of the anchor body 9 and the two reinforcing rib anchor bodies 11 passes through One end passes through the anchor fixing plate 12 and the reinforcing bar anchor 10 in sequence and is hinged to the negative Poisson's ratio amplified perforated plate array anchoring structure.
  • the two reinforcing bar anchor bodies 11 are connected to the negative Poisson's ratio amplified perforated plate array anchoring structure.
  • the third rigid tie rod 18 is located between the two second elastic cables 17 . Elastic cable between 17.
  • One end of the negative Poisson's ratio perforated plate array anchoring structure away from the anchor fixing plate 12 is hingedly provided with a displacement suppressor 13 that prevents the end displacement of the negative Poisson's ratio perforated plate array anchoring structure.
  • a displacement suppressor 13 that prevents the end displacement of the negative Poisson's ratio perforated plate array anchoring structure.
  • the Poisson's ratio amplified perforated plate array anchoring structure slowly expands after being subjected to tension, causing the entire structure to expand and become an end expansion anchor.
  • the second rigid tie rod 16 has two ends respectively hinged between the displacement suppressor 13 and the negative Poisson's ratio amplified perforated plate array anchoring structure.
  • the negative Poisson's ratio amplified perforated plate array anchoring structure includes two rotationally rigid amplification structures, two first elastic cables 14 and a first rigid tie rod 15.
  • the two rotationally rigid amplification structures are arranged perpendicular to each other. It is connected to a first rigid pull rod 15 through two first elastic cables 14 , and the first rigid rod 15 is located between the two first elastic cables 14 .
  • the rotating rigid amplification structure includes 4 groups of rotating square structures, which are hinged in a 2 ⁇ 2 array to form a rotating rigid amplifying structure; the rotating square structure includes 4 perforated plates 1, and the 4 perforated plates 1 is hinged in a 2 ⁇ 2 array to form a rotating square structure.
  • the hinged method between the four perforated plates causes the perforated plate 1 of the rotating square structure to rotate and expand around the hinge point after being stressed, causing the entire structure to expand, and the rotational rigidity amplifies the structural stability.
  • Song ratio is negative.
  • one side of one of the perforated plates 1 is provided with two spaced first end plates 2, and one side of the perforated plate 1 adjacent to one of the perforated plates 1 is provided with a second end plate 3.
  • the first end plate 2 and the second end plate 3 are both provided with through holes.
  • the second end plate 3 is located between the two first end plates 1.
  • Bolts 4 are provided in the through holes, and the bolts 4 pass through them.
  • a fastener 5 is provided at one end of the through hole.
  • the perforated plate 1 is welded with arc-shaped end plates at specific corners, and holes are punched in the middle. It must be ensured that two spaced perforated first end plates 2 are welded between the two interconnected perforated plates 1, and the other is welded in the middle. Ensure that it can be inserted into the middle of the first end plate 2 of another perforated plate 1, and then fixed with bolts and fasteners to form a hinge mechanism that limits displacement but can rotate freely.
  • each group of rotationally rigid amplification structures is composed of 16 perforated plates 1 in a 4 ⁇ 4 array.
  • the first row of perforated plates includes a first perforated plate 1-1, a second perforated plate 1-2, a third Perforated plate 1-3, fourth perforated plate 1-4, the second row of perforated plates includes fifth perforated plate 1-5, sixth perforated plate 1-6, seventh perforated plate 1-7, eighth perforated plate 1-8;
  • the first perforated plate 1-1 has end plates welded at the upper end of the right edge and the right end of the lower edge respectively
  • the second perforated plate 1-2 has end plates welded at the upper end of the left edge, the left end of the lower edge and the lower end of the right edge respectively
  • the third perforated plate 1-3 are welded with end plates at the lower end of the left edge, the upper end of the right edge and the right end of the lower edge respectively
  • the fourth perforated plate 1-4 is welded with end plates at the upper end of the left edge and the left end of the lower edge respectively;
  • the fifth perforated plate 1-5 is provided with end plates symmetrically with the first perforated plate 1-1
  • the sixth perforated plate 1-6 is provided with end plates symmetrically with the second perforated plate 1-2
  • the seventh perforated plate 1-7 is provided with end plates symmetrically with the second perforated plate 1-2.
  • the third perforated plate 1-3 is symmetrically provided with end plates
  • the eighth perforated plate 1-8 and the fourth perforated plate 1-4 are symmetrically provided with end plates
  • the left end of the lower edge of the fifth perforated plate 1-5 is welded with the end plate and the sixth perforated plate
  • the lower edge of the plate 1-6 has a welded end plate on the right end
  • the seventh perforated plate 1-7 has a left end of the lower edge welded end plate
  • the eighth perforated plate 1-8 has a welded end plate on the right end of the lower edge
  • the lower edge of the first perforated plate 1-1 The right end is hinged to the fifth perforated plate 1-5 and is also hinged to the second elastic cable 17.
  • the lower edge of the fourth perforated plate 1-4 is hinged to the left end of the eighth perforated plate 1-8 and is also hinged to the first elastic cable 14 and the fifth perforated plate.
  • the left end of the lower edge of the plate 1-5 is hinged to the third rigid tie rod 18, and the right end of the lower edge of the eighth perforated plate 1-8 is hinged to the first rigid tie rod 15;
  • the third row of perforated plates and the second row of perforated plates are provided with end plates symmetrically, and the fourth row of perforated plates are provided with end plates symmetrically with the first row of perforated plates.
  • the cross-sectional area of the anchor and the length of the anchoring section should meet the requirements of the construction specifications.
  • the anchoring length of the soil anchor should not be less than 4.0m and should not be greater than 10.0m; the length of the anchoring section of the rock anchor should not be less than 3.0m, and It should not be larger than 6.0m, and the area of anchor steel bars in the borehole should not exceed 20% of the borehole area.
  • the design work of the anchor rod is carried out. Since the sliding surface and stable soil layer of each rock and soil body are different, specific length data of the anchor rod body cannot be given. Therefore, the calculation must be carried out based on the actual situation.
  • the stability analysis of the slope, the calculation of the lateral earth pressure and the calculation of the length between each part of the anchor body can all be carried out in accordance with the current specifications, and will not be repeated here.
  • the second step is to make the displacement suppressor by welding the end plate with a square steel plate with a thickness of 0.5cm.
  • the side length should not be too large, otherwise it will increase the resistance of the anchor rod to penetrate into the soil.
  • the third step is to weld the end plate to the designated position on the edge of each perforated plate.
  • This step is very critical.
  • the connections at the key stress-bearing points of the secondary anchoring structure all involve pressure welding.
  • the characteristic of the pressure welding method is that pressure is applied during the welding process without adding filler material. Pressure welding does not have a melting process, so there is no problem like burning of beneficial alloy elements and intrusion of harmful elements into the weld like fusion welding, thus simplifying the welding process and improving welding safety and hygiene conditions.
  • the fourth step should assemble the negative Poisson's ratio perforated plate array anchoring structure.
  • the perforated plates are connected by bolts and fasteners.
  • the bolt structure should have the following characteristics: it must ensure that the perforated plates can be opened smoothly when the secondary structure is functioning, and a certain resistance must be maintained during the opening process. , so the bolts can neither be locked nor too loose when hinged.
  • the elastic stay cable used includes a telescopic cable body, two anchoring components located at both ends of the cable body, the cable body includes a lower casing and a support ring located in the lower casing, and a length adjustment device, which is adjusted by
  • the rod, elastomer, nut, locking nut and connecting device are composed of a pressure-bearing plate, a connecting plate and a threaded connecting plate; the adjusting rod is connected through the pressure-bearing plate cable body, and the nut and locking The nut is put on the adjusting rod in turn.
  • coal tar pitch is a complex mixture of various polymer hydrocarbons. Due to the high content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the composition of this material, good chemical stability, strong corrosion resistance, low water absorption, good insulation, and strong resistance to microbial corrosion, it has a long service life.
  • coal tar pitch has strong binding force with the metal structure surface and is resistant to cathodic stripping, so it can be used as the anti-corrosion coating of the anchor rod of the present invention.
  • the free section of the anchor When the free section of the anchor is located in the rock and soil layer, rust removal, asphalt bottom paint, and two layers of asphalt fiberglass wrapping can be used for anti-corrosion treatment; for the anchor body using stainless steel-copper alloy sections, it can be Carry out anti-corrosion treatment according to the perforated plate treatment and then install it into the casing; fill the 100 to 200mm length range of both ends of the free section casing with butter, and wrap the outside with engineering tape to fix it; for the anchor section located in the non-corrosive rock and soil layer , the thickness of the protective layer of cement slurry or cement mortar should not be less than 25mm; for anchoring sections located in corrosive rock and soil layers, special anti-corrosion treatment should be taken, and the thickness of the protective layer of cement slurry or cement mortar should not be less than 50mm; after anti-corrosion After treatment, the outer end of the free section of the anchor rod should be buried more than 50mm in the reinforced concrete component; the anchor head of the anchor should be derusted and coated with
  • the reinforcement anchor body does not need to be designed. At this time, the concrete is poured until the retaining structure.
  • the primary concrete-stainless steel copper negative Poisson's ratio anchoring structure can also be abandoned during design and two secondary anchoring structures can be used.

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Abstract

一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，属于边坡工程锚杆支护技术领域，锚杆体（9）一端依次穿过支挡结构（8）、台座（7）、锚具（6），另一端穿过锚具固定板（12）并铰接负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构，负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构一端铰接位移抑制器（13），一级锚固失效时，负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构受到拉力后徐徐展开，实现了自由段环拉膨胀增阻效应和环压收缩减阻效应并行，分两级锚固效力；适用于土质边坡支护、地下工程、隧道工程等；在保持刚性锚杆应用的基础上，还兼有柔性锚杆的优点，锚固力分级可靠且易于调整和补充，易于回收复用；抗蠕变性能强，锚固效力不受土体存在空隙的影响，锚杆整体强度高，耐磨损。

Description

一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，属于边坡工程锚杆支护技术领域。
背景技术
超材料指的是人为设计的新奇材料,具有自然界中普通材料不具备的物理性质,其宏观特性很大程度上取决于内部微结构(胞元或功能基元)构造而非母材本身的性质。负泊松比材料有两种途径，一为通过材料科学的发展，从微观属性上构造出一种新型的材料，另一种为通过其特定的宏观几何构造在某一个方向上受力时呈现出特定的负泊松比特性。负刚度超材料是其中重要的一个类别,其在变形时力与位移变化的方向相反。负泊松比材料和结构在抗剪切性、抗压痕性、抗断裂性、曲面同向性、渗透率可变性和能量吸收性能等方面具有很大优势。目前负泊松比材料的应用已涉及多个领域。
负泊松比旋转多边形结构是负泊松比材料的另一大类。旋转系统一般由刚性多边形通过顶点铰接构成，旋转多边形结构的泊松比可正可负，主要取决于多边形的组合方式及系统的开放程度等。负泊松比旋转多边形结构产生负泊松比效应的原理是系统受力后刚性多边形绕顶点旋转展开(回缩)，使结构整体发生膨胀(收缩)，旋转多边形结构也可延伸到三维结构。
土体锚固技术通过锚杆的加筋作用，能够调动土体的自身强度，使得土体成为工程结构的一部分，大大减少支挡结构的体积、减轻了加固结构的自重、节约工程材料，对于控制土体变形效果显著。锚杆的承载力主要依靠锚固体与周围岩土介质的粘结摩阻强度提供，但部分土体粘结摩阻强度较低，往往很难满足设计抗拔力的要求。
发明内容
本发明针对上述现有技术存在的问题，提供一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的，一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，包括锚杆体、支挡结构、台座、锚具、锚具固定板，所述锚杆体一端依次穿过支挡结构、台座、锚具，所述锚杆体另一端穿过锚具固定 板，其特征是，所述锚杆体另一端穿过锚具固定板还铰接设有负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构，所述负泊松比穿孔板阵列锚固结构远离锚具固定板一端铰接设有阻止负泊松比穿孔板阵列锚固结构端部位移的位移抑制器，当锚杆体段锚固失效时，负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构受到拉力后徐徐展开，使结构整体发生膨胀，变成端部扩张锚杆。
在入土阶段，由于受到了土层和机械施加的压力，不锈钢-铜合金的锚杆体由于材料的负泊松比特性，在受到压力时径向收缩，产生负泊松比受压紧缩效应。
开始工作时，失稳坡体或非稳固土体给予支挡结构拉力，此时加固筋锚杆体和锚杆体开始承受拉应力，不锈钢-铜合金的锚杆体由于杆体负泊松比的变形特性沿剪应力方向膨胀，在失稳坡体段，其膨胀变形致使锚杆体和土体之间压力变大，摩擦力变大，促使锚杆体和土体相对错动的可能性减少，提高其锚固效应，在混凝土-不锈钢铜合金锚杆段，锚杆体的膨胀会导致锚杆体与混凝土之间的压力增大，进而挤压土体，增大了三者之间的机械咬合力，进一步提高了锚杆的锚固效力。
若土体的下滑力继续增大，使得锚杆体和土层发生了相对错动，端部的位移抑制器阻止了负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构的端部位移，而靠近失稳坡体端的结构随着锚杆向外滑动，此时负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构徐徐展开成为多个十字交叉结构，变成端部扩张锚杆，此负泊松比锚杆整体达到了锚固力极限值。
优选的，所述锚杆体为黄铜和不锈钢的合金制成，具有拉胀的效应。
传统锚杆段施加预应力，锚杆段穿过支挡结构由锚具牵拉施加预应力，并由锚头固定。通过锚杆体、锚具、台座与支挡结构相连接，承担失稳坡体的下滑力。
优选的，所述负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构包括若干旋转刚性放大结构、第一弹性拉索和第一刚性拉杆，所述若干旋转刚性放大结构之间错位设置并通过第一弹性拉索与第一刚性拉杆连接。
优选的，所述旋转刚性放大结构包括4组旋转正方形结构，所述4组旋转正方形结构以2×2阵列铰接形成旋转刚性放大结构；所述旋转正方形结构包括4块穿孔板，所述4块穿孔板以2×2阵列铰接形成旋转正方形结构，4块穿孔板之间的铰接方式使旋转正方形结构在受力后穿孔板绕铰接点旋转展开，使结构整 体发生膨胀，旋转刚性放大结构的泊松比为负。
所述穿孔板为正方形结构，穿孔板表面有纹路且并不光滑，凹凸不平，以此增大和土体之间的摩擦力。
优选的，所述其中一块穿孔板一侧设有两片间隔的第一端板，所述与其中一块穿孔板相邻的一块穿孔板一侧设有第二端板，所述第一端板、第二端板上均设有通孔，所述第二端板位于两块第一端板之间，所述通孔内设有螺栓，螺栓穿过通孔一端设有紧固件。
旋转刚性放大结构的铰接要求较高，既须在结构打开时保证不出现螺栓卡死、不能发生相对转动的情况，又须在岩土中保证不被矿物质、潮湿的环境和微生物锈蚀，故需采用一定的防锈防腐处理。在螺栓与紧固件上涂有润滑图层。
优选的，所述锚杆体两侧分别设有加固筋锚杆体，所述两个加固筋锚杆体一端分别依次穿过支挡结构、台座、锚具，所述两个加固筋锚杆体另一端设有加固筋锚具，所述两个加固筋锚杆体另一端分别依次穿过锚具固定板、加固筋锚具并铰接在负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构上。
防止一根锚杆体的抗拉刚度不能保证，在锚杆体两侧增加加固筋锚杆体，加固筋锚杆体穿过支挡结构的预留孔，由加固筋锚具固定，另一端穿过支挡结构与锚具固定。
优选的，所述两个加固筋锚杆体与负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构之间分别铰接有第二弹性拉索，所述锚杆体与负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构之间铰接有第三刚性拉杆，所述第三刚性拉杆位于两个第二弹性拉索之间。
优选的，所述旋转刚性放大结构为两个，两个旋转刚性放大结构之间通过两根第一弹性拉索和一根第一刚性拉杆连接，所述两个旋转刚性放大结构之间相互垂直设置，所述第一刚性拉杆位于两根第一弹性拉索之间。
当旋转刚性放大结构之间相互垂直设置时，锚固效果最大。
优选的，所述位移抑制器与负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构之间设有第二刚性拉杆，所述第二刚性拉杆两端分别铰接在位移抑制器与负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构之间。
端部的位移抑制器阻止了负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构的端部位移，当锚杆体段锚固失效时，靠近失稳坡体端的结构随着锚杆向外滑动，使负泊松比穿 孔板阵列锚固结构徐徐展开起到锚固作用。位移抑制器为圆锥形结构，在圆锥形底部一端设有正方形钢板，钢板上焊接端板，通过螺栓和紧固件铰接在负泊松比穿孔板阵列锚固结构的端部。增加位移抑制器，填埋与更深层的土体之中，结构在靠近支挡结构的一端增设一根锚杆体和两根加固筋锚杆体，与锚杆整体有更优良的结合。
优选的，所述每一组旋转刚性放大结构由16块穿孔板以4×4阵列组成，所述第一排穿孔板包括第一穿孔板、第二穿孔板、第三穿孔板、第四穿孔板，所述第二排穿孔板包括第五穿孔板、第六穿孔板、第七穿孔板、第八穿孔板；
所述第一穿孔板在右边缘上端和下边缘右端分别焊接端板，第二穿孔板在左边缘上端、下边缘左端和右边缘下端分别焊接端板，第三穿孔板在左边缘下端、右边缘上端和下边缘右端分别焊接端板，第四穿孔板在左边缘上端和下边缘左端分别焊接端板；
所述第五穿孔板与第一穿孔板对称设置端板，第六穿孔板与第二穿孔板对称设置端板，第七穿孔板与第三穿孔板对称设置端板，第八穿孔板与第四穿孔板对称设置端板；且第五穿孔板下边缘左端焊接端板、第六穿孔板下边缘右端焊接端板、第七穿孔板下边缘左端焊接端板以及第八穿孔板下边缘右端焊接端板；所述第一穿孔板下边缘右端铰接第五穿孔板外还铰接第二弹性拉索，第四穿孔板下边缘左端铰接第八穿孔板外还铰接第一弹性拉索，第五穿孔板下边缘左端铰接第三刚性拉杆，第八穿孔板下边缘右端铰接第一刚性拉杆；
所述第三排穿孔板与第二排穿孔板对称设置端板，第四排穿孔板与第一排穿孔板对称设置端板。
在旋转刚性放大结构工作时，第一排第一、第三穿孔板、第二排第六、第八穿孔板、第三排第九、第十一穿孔板、第四排第十四、第十六穿孔板在拉力作用下开始顺时针旋转，直至旋转45°，其余穿孔板在拉力作用下开始逆时针旋转，直至旋转45°，此时结构拉至最大，亦达到锚杆最大阻力。
本发明具有以下有益效果：1.本发明由于锚杆体、负泊松比穿孔板阵列锚固结构均在宏观上表现出负泊松比的变形特性，使得此锚杆在施工入土阶段减小了入土的阻力，在受到向外部的拉力时又呈现出膨胀的特性，加强了锚杆的锚固效力。
2.本发明使用二级锚固结构，钢、铜负泊松比锚杆为一级锚固结构，负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构为二级锚固结构，在一级锚固结构发挥作用的同时，二级锚固结构仅作为其辅助，一级结构失去其作用效力以后，二级锚固结构才正式发挥作用，此特点为锚杆的局部修改和迭代创造了有利条件。
3.本发明负泊松比锚杆的局部修改和迭代方便，即若需锚固的岩土体不需要很高的锚固力，则通过设计计算后尽可拆除二级锚固结构；若锚杆体可以承担预计拉力，则不必设计加固筋锚杆体。
4.本发明装置应用广泛，此锚杆形态变化多样，适用于岩土支护、地下工程、隧道工程、海堤锚固工程等，具有广泛的应用前景。此负泊松比锚杆在保持刚性锚杆应用的基础上，还兼有柔性锚杆的优点，锚固力分级可靠且易于调整和补充，易于回收复用；抗蠕变性能强，锚固效力不受岩土体存在空隙的影响，锚杆整体强度高，耐磨损。
5.传统锚杆和挡土墙护坡均为静力抗衡失稳坡体的下滑力，在某一时刻若护坡结构难以支持，则在顷刻间产生滑坡等灾害。而本专利则不同，在失稳坡体的下滑力达到一定的阀值后，推进护坡体前移，而此时由于方形板阵列缓缓张开的阻力作用，可以使失稳坡体的下滑力徐徐释放，避免在一瞬间释放强大的冲击力造成地质灾害。
附图说明
图1是本发明结构示意图。
图2是本发明中锚杆体段结构示意图。
图3是本发明旋转刚性放大结构收起的示意图。
图4是本发明旋转刚性放大结构展开的示意图。
图5是本发明中穿孔板连接方式结构示意图。
图6是位移抑制器与旋转放大结构连接结构示意图。
图中：1穿孔板、1-1第一穿孔板、1-2第二穿孔板、1-3第三穿孔板、1-4第四穿孔板、1-5第五穿孔板、1-6第六穿孔板、1-7第七穿孔板、1-8第八穿孔板、2第一端板、3第二端板、4螺栓、5紧固件、6、锚具、7台座、8支挡结构、9锚杆体、10加固筋锚具、11加固筋锚杆体、12锚具固定板、13位移抑制器、14第一弹性拉索、15第一刚性拉杆、16第二刚性拉杆、17第二弹性拉索、18 第三刚性拉杆。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图以及附图说明书对本发明作进一步说明。
为了使本发明的施工方式和优点更加显而易见，下面结合附图与具体实施例对本发明做更详细的介绍。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明的施工过程。但是本发明能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似改进，因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。在不脱离本发明技术方案精神的前提下，其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。
如图1、2、3、4、5、6所示，一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，包括锚杆体9、支挡结构8、台座7、锚具6、锚具固定板12、加固筋锚具10，所述锚杆体9为黄铜和不锈钢的合金制成，具有拉胀的效应，所述锚杆体9两侧分别设有加固筋锚杆体11，所述锚杆体9以及两根加固筋锚杆体11一端依次穿过支挡结构8、台座7、锚具6，所述锚杆体9以及两根加固筋锚杆体11另一端依次穿过锚具固定板12、加固筋锚具10并铰接负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构，所述两个加固筋锚杆体11与负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构之间分别铰接有第二弹性拉索17，所述锚杆体9与负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构之间铰接有第三刚性拉杆18，所述第三刚性拉杆18位于两个第二弹性拉索17之间。
所述负泊松比穿孔板阵列锚固结构远离锚具固定板12一端铰接设有阻止负泊松比穿孔板阵列锚固结构端部位移的位移抑制器13，当锚杆体段锚固失效时，负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构受到拉力后徐徐展开，使结构整体发生膨胀，变成端部扩张锚杆，所述位移抑制器13与负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构之间设有第二刚性拉杆16，所述第二刚性拉杆16两端分别铰接在位移抑制器13与负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构之间。
所述负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构包括两个旋转刚性放大结构、两根第一弹性拉索14和一根第一刚性拉杆15，所述两个旋转刚性放大结构之间相互垂直设置并通过两根第一弹性拉索14与一根第一刚性拉杆15连接，所述第一刚性拉杆15位于两根第一弹性拉索14之间。所述旋转刚性放大结构包括4组旋转正 方形结构，所述4组旋转正方形结构以2×2阵列铰接形成旋转刚性放大结构；所述旋转正方形结构包括4块穿孔板1，所述4块穿孔板1以2×2阵列铰接形成旋转正方形结构，4块穿孔板之间的铰接方式使旋转正方形结构在受力后穿孔板1绕铰接点旋转展开，使结构整体发生膨胀，旋转刚性放大结构的泊松比为负。
进一步，所述其中一块穿孔板1一侧设有两片间隔的第一端板2，所述与其中一块穿孔板1相邻的一块穿孔板1一侧设有第二端板3，所述第一端板2、第二端板3上均设有通孔，所述第二端板3位于两块第一端板1之间，所述通孔内设有螺栓4，螺栓4穿过通孔一端设有紧固件5。
穿孔板1在特定的边角焊接圆弧形端板，中间打孔，必须保证互相连接的两块穿孔板1之间一块焊接两片间隔的打孔第一端板2，一块焊接于中间，保证可以插入另一块穿孔板1的第一端板2的中间，然后用螺栓和紧固件固定，形成一个限制位移而可以自由转动的铰接机构。
进一步，所述每一组旋转刚性放大结构由16块穿孔板1以4×4阵列组成，所述第一排穿孔板包括第一穿孔板1-1、第二穿孔板1-2、第三穿孔板1-3、第四穿孔板1-4，所述第二排穿孔板包括第五穿孔板1-5、第六穿孔板1-6、第七穿孔板1-7、第八穿孔板1-8；
所述第一穿孔板1-1在右边缘上端和下边缘右端分别焊接端板，第二穿孔板1-2在左边缘上端、下边缘左端和右边缘下端分别焊接端板，第三穿孔板1-3在左边缘下端、右边缘上端和下边缘右端分别焊接端板，第四穿孔板1-4在左边缘上端和下边缘左端分别焊接端板；
所述第五穿孔板1-5与第一穿孔板1-1对称设置端板，第六穿孔板1-6与第二穿孔板1-2对称设置端板，第七穿孔板1-7与第三穿孔板1-3对称设置端板，第八穿孔板1-8与第四穿孔板1-4对称设置端板；且第五穿孔板1-5下边缘左端焊接端板、第六穿孔板1-6下边缘右端焊接端板、第七穿孔板1-7下边缘左端焊接端板以及第八穿孔板1-8下边缘右端焊接端板；所述第一穿孔板1-1下边缘右端铰接第五穿孔板1-5外还铰接第二弹性拉索17，第四穿孔板1-4下边缘左端铰接第八穿孔板1-8外还铰接第一弹性拉索14，第五穿孔板1-5下边缘左端铰接第三刚性拉杆18，第八穿孔板1-8下边缘右端铰接第一刚性拉杆15；
所述第三排穿孔板与第二排穿孔板对称设置端板，第四排穿孔板与第一排穿 孔板对称设置端板。
锚杆的截面积和锚固段的长度应满足构造规范要求，同时土层锚杆的锚固长度不应小于4.0m，并不宜大于10.0m；岩石锚杆的锚固段长度不应小于3.0m，且不宜大于6.0m，钻孔内的锚杆钢筋面积不超过钻孔面积的20％。
传统锚杆和挡土墙护坡均为静力抗衡失稳坡体的下滑力，在某一时刻若护坡结构难以支持，则在顷刻间产生滑坡等灾害。而本发明则不同，在失稳坡体的下滑力达到一定的阀值后，推进护坡体前移，而此时由于方形板阵列缓缓张开的阻力作用，可以使失稳坡体的下滑力徐徐释放，避免在一瞬间释放强大的冲击力造成地质灾害。
首先进行锚杆的设计工作，由于各岩土体的滑动面和稳定土层情况各不相同，因此无法给出具体的锚杆体长度数据。故必须结合实际情况进行计算。边坡的稳定性分析、侧向土压力的计算和锚杆体各部分之间的长度计算均按照现行规范进行即可，在此处不再赘述。
在锚杆施工的过程中，首先应进行钻孔工作；锚杆体的锚具、台座、支挡结构均需要进行对应锚杆体的钻孔。特别需要注意的是，若设计了加固筋锚杆体则锚具、台座和支挡结构均需要进行加固筋锚杆体的钻孔。
第二步制作位移抑制器，采用厚度为0.5cm的正方形钢板焊接端板即可。其边长不宜过大，否则会增大锚杆自攻入土的阻力。
第三步将端板焊接于各穿孔板边缘指定位置。这一步十分关键，二级锚固结构的关键受力处的连接均有压焊的参与。压焊方法的特点，是在焊接过程中施加压力，而不加填充材料。压焊没有熔化过程，因而没有像熔焊那样的，有益合金元素烧损和有害元素侵入焊缝的问题，从而简化了焊接过程，也改善了焊接安全卫生条件。
第四步应组装负泊松比穿孔板阵列锚固结构。穿孔板之间通过螺栓、紧固件相连接，螺栓结构施工后应具有如下特征：即需保证在二级结构发挥作用时穿孔板可以顺利撑开，又得在撑开过程中保持一定的阻力，故螺栓铰接时既不能锁死，又不能太松。
所使用的弹性拉索，包括可伸缩的索体、位于索体两端的两个锚固组件，索体包括一个下套管和位于下套管内的支撑环以及一个长度调节装置，该调节装置 由调节杆、弹性体、螺母、锁紧螺母和连接装置组成，所述连接装置由承压板、连接板、螺纹连接板组成的连接装置；调节杆穿过承压板索体相连，螺母和锁紧螺母依次套在调节杆上。
锚杆整体应采用煤焦油沥青涂层，煤焦油沥青是多种高分子碳氢化台物的复杂混合物。由于这种材料的组成中芳香族烃含量高，化学稳定性好，具有较强的抗腐蚀能力，并且具有吸水率低、绝缘性好、抗微生物腐蚀能力强等特点，因此使用寿命长。加上煤焦油沥青与金属结构表面结合力强，耐阴极剥离，故可作为的本发明锚杆的防腐涂层。
锚杆的防腐蚀处理应符合下列规定:
锚杆的自由段位于岩土层中时，可采用除锈、刷沥青船底漆和沥青玻纤布缠裹二层进行防腐蚀处理；对采用不锈钢-铜合金段的锚杆体，其可按穿孔板处理进行防腐蚀处理后装入套管中；自由段套管两端100～200mm长度范围内用黄油充填，外绕扎工程胶布固定；对位于无腐蚀性岩土层内的锚固段，水泥浆或水泥砂浆保护层厚度不应小于25mm；对位于腐蚀性岩土层内的锚固段，应采取特殊防腐蚀处理，且水泥浆或水泥砂浆保护层厚度不应小于50mm；经过防腐蚀处理后，锚杆的自由段外端应埋入钢筋混凝土构件内50mm以上；对锚头的锚具经除锈、涂防腐漆三遍后应采用钢筋网罩，现浇混凝土封闭，且混凝土等级不应低于C30，厚度不应小于100mm，混凝土保护层厚度不应小于50mm。
若设计时验算失稳坡体的受拉段锚杆体满足拉力需求，则加固筋锚杆体不必设计，此时混凝土浇筑直至支挡结构处。
设计时亦可舍弃一级混凝土-不锈钢铜负泊松比锚固结构，采用两个二级锚固结构。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，包括锚杆体(9)、支挡结构(8)、台座(7)、锚具(6)、锚具固定板(12)，所述锚杆体(9)一端依次穿过支挡结构(8)、台座(7)、锚具(6)，所述锚杆体(9)另一端穿过锚具固定板(12)，其特征是，所述锚杆体(9)另一端穿过锚具固定板(12)还铰接设有负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构，所述负泊松比穿孔板阵列锚固结构远离锚具固定板(12)一端铰接设有阻止负泊松比穿孔板阵列锚固结构端部位移的位移抑制器(13)，当锚杆段锚固失效时，负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构受到拉力后徐徐展开，使结构整体发生膨胀，变成端部扩张锚杆。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，其特征是，所述锚杆体(9)为黄铜和不锈钢的合金制成，具有拉胀的负泊松比特性。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，其特征是，所述负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构包括若干旋转刚性放大结构、第一弹性拉索(14)和第一刚性拉杆(15)，所述若干旋转刚性放大结构之间错位设置并通过第一弹性拉索(14)与第一刚性拉杆(15)连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，其特征是，所述旋转刚性放大结构包括4组旋转正方形结构，所述4组旋转正方形结构以2×2阵列铰接形成旋转刚性放大结构；所述旋转正方形结构包括4块穿孔板(1)，所述4块穿孔板(1)以2×2阵列铰接形成旋转正方形结构，4块穿孔板之间的铰接方式使旋转正方形结构在受力后穿孔板(1)绕铰接点旋转展开，使结构整体发生膨胀，旋转刚性放大结构的泊松比为负。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，其特征是，所述其中一块穿孔板(1)一侧设有两片间隔的第一端板(2)，所述与其中一块穿孔板(1)相邻的一块穿孔板(1)一侧设有第二端板(3)，所述第一端板(2)、第二端板(3)上均设有通孔，所述第二端板(3)位于两块第一端板(1)之间，所述通孔内设有螺栓(4)，螺栓(4)穿过通孔一端设有紧固件(5)。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，其特征是，所述锚杆体(9)两侧分别设有加固筋锚杆体(11)，所述两个加固筋锚杆体(11)一端分别依次穿过支挡结构(8)、台座(7)、锚具(6)，所述两个加固筋锚杆体(11)另一端设有加固筋锚具(10)，所述两个加固筋锚杆体(11)另一端分别依次穿过锚具固定板(12)、加固筋锚具(10)并铰接在负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构上。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，其特征是， 所述两个加固筋锚杆体(11)与负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构之间分别铰接有第二弹性拉索(17)，所述锚杆体(9)与负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构之间铰接有第三刚性拉杆(18)，所述第三刚性拉杆(18)位于两个第二弹性拉索(17)之间。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，其特征是，所述旋转刚性放大结构为两个，两个旋转刚性放大结构之间通过两根第一弹性拉索(14)和一根第一刚性拉杆(15)连接，所述两个旋转刚性放大结构之间相互垂直设置，所述第一刚性拉杆(15)位于两根第一弹性拉索(14)之间。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，其特征是，所述位移抑制器(13)与负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构之间设有第二刚性拉杆(16)，所述第二刚性拉杆(16)两端分别铰接在位移抑制器(13)与负泊松比放大穿孔板阵列锚固结构之间。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述一种负泊松比旋转扩大型正方形穿孔板阵列锚杆装置，其特征是，所述每一组旋转刚性放大结构由16块穿孔板(1)以4×4阵列组成，所述第一排穿孔板包括第一穿孔板(1-1)、第二穿孔板(1-2)、第三穿孔板(1-3)、第四穿孔板(1-4)，所述第二排穿孔板包括第五穿孔板(1-5)、第六穿孔板(1-6)、第七穿孔板(1-7)、第八穿孔板(1-8)；
    所述第一穿孔板(1-1)在右边缘上端和下边缘右端分别焊接端板，第二穿孔板(1-2)在左边缘上端、下边缘左端和右边缘下端分别焊接端板，第三穿孔板(1-3)在左边缘下端、右边缘上端和下边缘右端分别焊接端板，第四穿孔板(1-4)在左边缘上端和下边缘左端分别焊接端板；
    所述第五穿孔板(1-5)与第一穿孔板(1-1)对称设置端板，第六穿孔板(1-6)与第二穿孔板(1-2)对称设置端板，第七穿孔板(1-7)与第三穿孔板(1-3)对称设置端板，第八穿孔板(1-8)与第四穿孔板(1-4)对称设置端板；且第五穿孔板(1-5)下边缘左端焊接端板、第六穿孔板(1-6)下边缘右端焊接端板、第七穿孔板(1-7)下边缘左端焊接端板以及第八穿孔板(1-8)下边缘右端焊接端板；所述第一穿孔板(1-1)下边缘右端铰接第五穿孔板(1-5)外还铰接第二弹性拉索(17)，第四穿孔板(1-4)下边缘左端铰接第八穿孔板(1-8)外还铰接第一弹性拉索(14)，第五穿孔板(1-5)下边缘左端铰接第三刚性拉杆(18)，第八穿孔板(1-8)下边缘右端铰接第一刚性拉杆(15)；
    所述第三排穿孔板与第二排穿孔板对称设置端板，第四排穿孔板与第一排穿孔板对称设置端板。
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