WO2023197392A1 - Method for increasing roof-contacted filling rate of underground mine end sand discharging stope - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a method for increasing a roof-contacted filling rate of an underground mine end sand discharging stope. The method comprises: arranging a stope (1) every 40-80 m in the direction of a mine body, and reserving pillars (2) between two adjacent stopes (1); arranging inclined filling shafts (3) in the pillars (2), hanging primary filling pipes (4) on roadway roofs of the inclined filling shaft (3), digging filling connecting roadways (5) from portions of the inclined filling shafts (3) close to the top areas of the stopes (1) to the stopes (1), and connecting secondary filling pipes (6) into the stopes (1); drilling a blast hole towards the stope in each partition in a rock drilling roadway, forming a stepped sand discharging tank in the top of the stope (1) through a method of deepening a blast hole area by area, performing backward blasting on an end sand discharging point in the rock drilling roadway, dropping ore into the rock drilling roadway, and transporting the ore to an ore pass for unloading through a scraper; and filling a goaf in stages after stope stoping is completed. The roof-contacted filling rate can reach 100%, ground pressure activities are effectively controlled, and the safety of the stoping process is ensured.

Description

A method to improve the top-filling rate of sand-capping stopes at the end of underground mines Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mine mining, and specifically relates to a method for improving the filling and roofing of underground mine stopes. It is particularly suitable for mines using end sand discharge schemes for filling method mining, and can be used in solid mines such as non-ferrous, black, chemical, and gold mines. Widely used in underground mining.

Background technique

With the advancement of mining technology and the requirements of ecological environment protection, backfill mining has become the preferred method for the development and utilization of non-ferrous, ferrous, chemical, gold and other mines. The State Mine Safety Supervision Bureau issued a notice on February 8, 2022, “Guiding Opinions on Strengthening Safety Production in Non-Coal Mines”, which clarified that “newly built metal and non-metal underground mines should adopt the backfill mining method, and strict demonstrations must be conducted if it cannot be adopted. "The biggest advantage of the backfill mining method is that it can adapt to the mining of various complex and changeable ore bodies with poor surrounding rock conditions, can maximize the recovery rate of mining ore and reduce the dilution rate, and can effectively control ground pressure activities to ensure Safe production while maximizing the protection of the surface environment.

Based on the filling situation of mines at home and abroad, and considering safety factors, filling tunnels and sand discharge pipelines are generally not arranged directly above the goaf, but are mostly arranged in the intercolumn at one end of the stope, and an end sand discharge scheme is adopted. Based on the following main factors, the phenomenon of incomplete filling is common and has never been solved well:

(1) The filling slurry consolidates and settles. On the one hand, after the filling slurry fills the empty area, the solid particles gradually sink due to the layered separation of the slurry, forcing most of the water to segregate on the surface of the filling body and be removed in the form of runoff, which will form between the surface of the filling body and the roof. space. On the other hand, after the gravity water in the gaps between solid particles is eliminated through penetration, the filling body will still settle. Due to the dehydration and solidification of the slurry, the shrinkage rate of the filling body reaches 5% to 22%.

(2) The self-flow slope of the filling slurry. During the flow process of the stope, the aggregate in the filling slurry will settle, and a gravity gradient will form from the sand discharge port of the filling pipe at one end to the other end of the stope. The worse the fluidity of the filling slurry, the greater the slope. When one end of the sand discharge port of the filling pipe is connected to the roof, the other end of the stope cannot be completely connected to the roof due to the influence of the gravity gradient. Taking the slurry concentration of 60 to 68% as an example, its gravity slope is usually between 4 and 8%. If the length of the filling stope is 50m and one end of the sand discharge port is completely connected to the top, there will still be 2 to 4m of space at the other end that is not connected to the top. .

(3) The filling slurry concentration is too low and the water filtering speed is slow. Too low slurry concentration can easily lead to segregation and stratification of filling materials and increase the natural slope angle. At the same time, a large amount of accumulated water is difficult to discharge in time, occupying the filling space, and hindering the filling to the top.

In addition, the discharge of cleaning water from the filling pipe, irregularity of the stope roof, and human factors will all affect the filling and roofing effect of the stope. Since the filling and top connection of the stope is directly related to the quality of the filling body and the production safety of the stope, if the filling and top connection is not good, it will cause the filling body or surrounding rock to fall off.

Therefore, how to improve the stope filling and top connection rate, especially how to improve the end sand discharge stope filling and top connection, is a problem faced by filling mining mines and needs to be solved urgently.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method to improve the sand discharge at the end of underground mines in view of the technical problems existing in the existing technology such as poor filling and capping, low filling and capping rate, low quality of filling body and impact on stope production safety. Method of stope filling and top connection rate. This method is based on the characteristics of end-end sand filling of stopes. On the premise of controlling the filling cost, it is possible to increase the stope filling and top connection rate, effectively control ground pressure activities, and ensure mining production. Safety.

In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, a method of improving the top filling rate of sand caving stopes at the end of underground mines is implemented by adopting the following steps:

1) Arrange a stope every 40 to 80m along the direction of the ore body, form a partition every 13 to 18m in the stope, and leave spacing columns between two adjacent stopes;

2) Complete the mining and cutting project of the stope: including rock drilling tunnel, mining tunnel, ore loading approach and corresponding cutting engineering; the rock drilling tunnel, mining tunnel, and ore loading approach are located in the lower part of the stope, and the rock drilling tunnel, The ore loading approach is arranged along the direction of the ore body, and the rock drilling tunnel and the ore loading approach are connected through the ore exit tunnel;

3) Complete the filling tunnel and hanging filling pipeline: Arrange the filling inclined shaft in the higher intercolumn of the ore body roof at both ends of the stope, hang the filling main pipe on the tunnel roof of the filling inclined shaft, and self-filling the inclined shaft close to the mining The top area of the field is excavated to fill the contact roadway to the stope, and the filling branch pipe is connected to the stope;

4) Determine the height of the sand discharge trough in each zone of the stope: drill blast holes into the stopes of each zone in the rock drilling tunnel, and form a stepped sand release trough on the top of the stope by deepening the depth of the blast holes zone by zone. The height of the sand trough is determined based on the distance between the empty area filling area and the end sand discharge point and the self-flow slope of the filling slurry to ensure that the average slope of the roof of the empty area is greater than or equal to the self-flow slope of the filling slurry to meet the natural roof connection Require;

5) Ore falling in the stope: The cutting space at the other end of the sand placing point at the end of the stope is used as the free surface, and the rock drilling tunnel is blasted backward toward the end sand placing point, and the ore falls into the rock drilling tunnel;

6) Ore transportation: Use a scraper to transport the ore in the rock drilling tunnel through the mining tunnel and the ore loading approach to the slide shaft for unloading;

7) Filling of the empty area: After the stope mining is completed, the channel at the lower part of the empty area is closed. After the strength of the closing wall meets the design requirements, the empty area is filled in stages through the main filling pipe and the filling branch pipe to ensure the filling effect.

The height of the stope varies depending on the thickness and tendency of the ore body, but is generally 10 to 100m, and the width of the intercolumns is 10m to 20m.

Further, the slope of the filling inclined shaft is consistent or substantially consistent with the inclination angle of the ore body, and the bottom plate of the filling inclined shaft is 1 to 2 m higher than the contact zone of the top plate of the ore body.

According to the distance between the empty area filling area and the end sand discharge point, the farther away from the end sand discharge point, the smaller the height of the sand discharge trough above the ore body roof contact zone, until the height of the sand discharge trough is equal to the ore body roof contact zone bring.

In most cases, the stope can be divided into three zones along the direction of the ore body: Zone I, Zone II, and Zone III. Zones I, II, and III are from far to near the sand discharge point at the end. Refer to the filling material. The gravity gradient of the slurry is usually between 4 and 8%. The height of the sand discharge trough in Zone I is equal to the contact zone of the ore roof. The height of the sand discharge trough in Zone II is 1.2 to 2.4m higher than the contact zone of the ore roof. The height of the sand drop trough in Zone III is higher than the contact zone of the ore roof. The contact zone of the ore body roof is 2.4~4.0m. If the ore grade in the roof area of the ore body in Zone I is low, the height of the sand draining trough can be lower than the contact zone of the ore body roof, and the height of the sand draining trough in Zones II and III can be adjusted accordingly; in addition, the height difference of the sand draining trough in each zone can also be controlled by Smooth transition of blast hole depth.

The present invention is a method for improving the filling and top connection rate of sand caving stopes at the end of underground mines. After adopting the above technical solution, it has the following positive effects:

1) Adopt the method of extending the blast hole to form a sand discharge trough. The blast hole is increased by 50 to 120m in a single stope, and the additional cost per ton of ore is less than 0.07 yuan. The filling cost is controlled, filling efficiency is improved, and operation safety is ensured;

2) Small-section sand discharge troughs are adopted, and the overexcavation volume of a single stope is 260-550m ³ , resulting in an increase in the dilution rate. According to statistics, the increase in the dilution rate is <1.5%. In addition, the mixed waste rocks and other waste rocks produced by dilution are pre-selected and used as building stones to offset their corresponding costs.

3) Using the stepped sand discharge trough scheme, the average slope of the roof in the empty area is greater than the gravity slope of the slurry. The stope is filled in stages, and the filling and top connection rate can reach 100%, which is more than 10% higher than the traditional filling scheme and is effectively controlled. Control ground pressure activities to ensure safety during the mining process.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a front view of a method for improving the filling and top connection rate of the sand discharge stope at the end of an underground mine according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional view of area I in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a side cross-sectional view of area II in Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a side cross-sectional view of area III in Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a side cross-sectional view of area IV in Figure 1;

Figure 6 is a production process flow chart of a method of improving the filling and top connection rate of the sand discharge stope at the end of an underground mine according to the present invention.

The reference numbers are: 1-stope; 2-column; 3-filling inclined shaft; 4-filling main pipe; 5-filling contact tunnel; 6-filling branch pipe; 7-rock drilling tunnel; 8-blast hole; 9- Sand discharge trough; 10-mine tunnel; 11-mine loading approach.

Detailed ways

In order to better describe the present invention, a method for improving the top filling rate of sand caving stopes at the end of underground mines according to the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

It can be seen from the production process flow chart of a method for improving the filling and capping rate of sand discharge stopes at the end of underground mines according to the present invention shown in Figure 6 and combined with Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 that this method Invent a method to improve the top-filling rate of sand-capping stopes at the end of underground mines, and adopt the following steps to implement it:

1) Arrange a stope 1 every 40 to 80m along the direction of the ore body, and form a partition every 13 to 18m in the stope 1. Leave a column 2 between two adjacent stopes; the height of the stope 1 is 10 to 100m. , the width of the intercolumn 2 is 10m~20m.

Taking the length of stope 1 as 45m as an example, a zone is formed every 15m in stope 1. Therefore, stope 1 is divided into three zones along the direction of the ore body: Zone I, Zone II and Zone III. Zone I and Zone II , Area III is from far to near from the end sand placing point, area III is in the range of 0 to 15m from the end sand placing point, area II is in the range of 15 to 30m from the end sand placing point, and the rest is area I.

2) Complete the stope mining and cutting project: including rock drilling tunnel 7, mining tunnel 10, ore loading approach 11 and corresponding cutting engineering; rock drilling tunnel 7, mining tunnel 10, ore loading approach 11 are located in stope 1 In the lower part, the rock drilling tunnel 7 and the ore loading approach 11 are arranged along the direction of the ore body. The rock drilling tunnel 7 and the ore loading approach 11 are vertically connected through the ore exit tunnel 10.

3) Complete the filling tunnel and hanging filling pipeline: arrange the filling inclined shaft 3 in the higher intercolumn 2 of the ore body roof at both ends of the stope 1, hang the filling main pipe 4 on the tunnel roof of the filling inclined shaft 3, and automatically The filling inclined shaft 3 is close to the top area of the stope 1, and the filling contact tunnel 5 is dug toward the stope 1, and the filling branch pipe 6 is connected to the stope 1; the slope of the filling inclined shaft 3 is basically consistent with the inclination of the ore body, and the filling inclined shaft 3 is basically consistent with the inclination of the ore body. The bottom plate of 1 is 1~2m higher than the contact zone of the ore body roof.

4) Determine the height of the sand discharge trough in each zone of the stope: Drill blast holes 8 into the stopes of each zone in the rock drilling tunnel 7, and form a stepped sand release trough 9 on the top of the stope 1 by deepening the depth of the blast holes 8 zone by zone. The height of the sand discharge trough 9 in each partition is determined based on the distance between the filling area of the empty area and the end sand discharge point and the gravity gradient of the filling slurry to ensure that the average slope of the roof of the void area is greater than or equal to the gravity gradient of the filling slurry. , to meet the requirements of natural top connection.

According to the distance between the empty area filling area and the end sand discharge point, the farther away from the end sand discharge point, the smaller the height of the sand discharge trough 9 above the contact zone of the ore body roof, until the height of the sand discharge trough 9 is equal to the ore body Top plate contact strip. Referring to the gravity slope of the filling slurry, which is usually between 4 and 8%, take the length of stope 1 as an example, which is 45m, and divide stope 1 into three zones as an example. Zone I is 30 to 45m away from the sand discharge point. The height of the sand discharge trough 9 is equal to the ore body roof contact zone; in zone II, which is 15 to 30m away from the sand release point, the sand release trough 9 is 1.2 to 2.4m higher than the ore roof contact zone, and in zone III, which is 0 to 15m away from the sand release point. area, the sand discharge trough 9 is 2.4 to 4.0m higher than the ore body roof contact zone.

5) Ore falling in the stope: The cutting space at the other end of the sand placing point at the end of the stope is used as the free surface, and the rock drilling tunnel 7 is blasted backwards toward the end sand placing point, and the ore falls into the rock drilling tunnel 7 .

Taking the stope 1 divided into three zones as an example, the cutting space at the end of zone I is the free surface, and retreat blasting is performed in zone II and zone III in the rock drilling tunnel 7.

6) Ore transportation: Use a scraper to transport the ore in the rock drilling tunnel 7 through the ore exit tunnel 10 and the ore loading approach 11 to the slide shaft for unloading.

7) Filling of the empty area: After the stope mining is completed, the channel at the lower part of the empty area is closed, and the empty area is filled in stages through the filling main pipe 4 and the filling branch pipe 5 to ensure the filling effect.

The present invention adopts a stepped sand discharging trough scheme. According to the different distances between the filling area and the sand discharging point, combined with the gravity slope of the filling slurry, sand discharging troughs of different heights are set up through the depth of the blast hole, so that the average slope of the roof of the empty area is greater than or equal to that of the material. The self-flowing slope of the slurry can meet the requirements of natural roof connection, solve the problem of stope filling and roof connection, control the ground pressure activity, and ensure the safety of mining production. At the same time, the method of extending the blast hole is used to form a sand discharge trough with a small cross-section, which effectively controls the filling cost and the ore dilution rate.

The method of the invention has been industrially tested in a certain large-scale underground iron ore filling and mining, achieving 100% filling and top connection rate, achieving unexpected technical effects, and effectively ensuring safety in the mining process.

Claims (5)

A method for improving the top-filling rate of sand-capping stopes at the end of underground mines, which is characterized by adopting the following steps: 1) Arrange a stope (1) every 40 to 80m along the direction of the ore body, form a partition every 13 to 18m in the stope (1), and leave a spacing column (2) between two adjacent stopes (1) ; 2) Complete the stope mining and cutting project: including rock drilling tunnel (7), mining tunnel (10), ore loading approach (11) and corresponding cutting engineering; rock drilling tunnel (7), mining tunnel (10) The ore loading approach (11) is located at the lower part of the stope (1). The rock drilling tunnel (7) and the ore loading approach (11) are arranged along the direction of the ore body. The rock drilling tunnel (7) and the ore loading approach (11) are ) are connected through the mining tunnel (10); 3) Complete the filling tunnel and hanging filling pipeline: arrange the filling inclined shaft (3) in the higher intercolumn (2) of the ore body roof at both ends of the stope (1), and hang the filling main pipe (4) on the filling The roadway roof of the inclined shaft (3) is self-filled. The inclined shaft (3) is close to the top area of the stope (1) and the filling contact tunnel (5) is dug toward the stope (1). The filling branch pipe (6) is connected to the stope (1). 1) within; 4) Determine the height of the sand discharge trough in each zone of the stope: drill blast holes (8) into the stopes of each zone in the rock drilling tunnel (7), and deepen the depth of the blast holes (8) zone by zone in the stope (1) A stepped sand discharging trough (9) is formed on the top. The height of the sand discharging trough (9) in each partition is determined according to the distance between the empty area filling area and the end sand discharging point and combined with the gravity slope of the filling slurry to ensure that the empty area The average slope of the roof is greater than or equal to the gravity slope of the filling slurry to meet the requirements of natural roof connection; 5) Ore falling in the stope: The cutting space at the other end of the sand placing point at the end of the stope is used as the free surface, and the rock drilling tunnel (7) is blasted backward toward the end sand placing point, and the ore falls into the rock drilling tunnel (7) Inside; 6) Ore transportation: Use a scraper to transport the ore in the rock drilling tunnel (7) through the ore exit tunnel (10) and the ore loading approach (11) to the slide shaft for unloading; 7) Filling of the empty area: After the stope mining is completed, the channel at the lower part of the empty area is closed, and the empty area is filled in batches through the filling main pipe (4) and the filling branch pipe (5). A method for improving the filling and capping rate of a sand-capping stope at the end of an underground mine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the stope (1) is 10-100m in height, and the intercolumn (2) is 10m-20m wide . A method for improving the filling and capping rate of sand mining stopes at the end of underground mines according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the slope of the filling inclined shaft (3) is consistent with the inclination of the ore body, and the filling inclined shaft The bottom plate of (1) is 1~2m higher than the contact zone of the ore body roof. A method for improving the top-filling rate of the sand discharge stope at the end of an underground mine as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: according to the distance between the empty area filling area and the end sand discharge point, the distance from the end sand discharge point is different. The further the point is, the smaller the height of the sand discharge trough (9) above the ore body roof contact zone is, until the height of the sand discharge trough (9) is equal to the ore body roof contact zone. A method for improving the filling and capping rate of a sand-capping stope at the end of an underground mine as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the stope (1) is divided into a total of area I, area II and area III along the direction of the ore body. There are 3 zones, Zone I, Zone II and Zone III are from far to near from the end sand discharge point. The height of the sand discharge trough (9) in Zone I is equal to the contact zone of the ore body roof; the height of the sand discharge trough (9) in Zone II is higher than the ore body roof contact zone. The rock roof contact zone is 1.2-2.4m; the sand discharge trough (9) in zone III is 2.4-4.0m higher than the ore body roof contact zone.

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