WO2023190438A1 - 合わせガラス - Google Patents

合わせガラス Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023190438A1
WO2023190438A1 PCT/JP2023/012375 JP2023012375W WO2023190438A1 WO 2023190438 A1 WO2023190438 A1 WO 2023190438A1 JP 2023012375 W JP2023012375 W JP 2023012375W WO 2023190438 A1 WO2023190438 A1 WO 2023190438A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass plate
glass
polarized light
laminated glass
less
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2023/012375
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
駿介 定金
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AGC Inc
Original Assignee
Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Glass Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Priority to DE112023001665.8T priority Critical patent/DE112023001665T5/de
Priority to CN202380029942.XA priority patent/CN118973977A/zh
Priority to JP2024512514A priority patent/JPWO2023190438A1/ja
Publication of WO2023190438A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023190438A1/ja
Priority to US18/896,994 priority patent/US20250018688A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
    • B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10431—Specific parts for the modulation of light incorporated into the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1044—Invariable transmission
    • B32B17/10458—Polarization selective transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/023—Optical properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B32B2307/737—Dimensions, e.g. volume or area
    • B32B2307/7375—Linear, e.g. length, distance or width
    • B32B2307/7376—Thickness

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to laminated glass.
  • HUDs head-up displays
  • One of the challenges in HUDs is to improve the visibility of HUD images, and for this purpose attempts have been made to reduce side images (double images, triple images, etc.).
  • a P-polarized light reflecting film made of a coat or film that reflects P-polarized light is applied to the laminated glass, and the P-polarized light is incident on the laminated glass so that the incident angle is Brewster's angle.
  • This technology is to reduce the reflectance of P-polarized light refracted at the surface of the vehicle on the outside surface of the vehicle, thereby suppressing sub-images while projecting a clear HUD image primarily through reflection from only the P-polarized light reflecting film.
  • the laminated glass is equipped with a P-polarized light reflective film, if the glass plates and interlayer film that make up the laminated glass are not appropriately designed, the side images will stand out and the visibility of the HUD image will deteriorate.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to improve the visibility of a HUD image by suppressing side images in a laminated glass having a P-polarized light reflecting film.
  • a laminated glass according to an embodiment of the disclosure includes a first glass plate, a second glass plate, and a laminated glass plate located between the first glass plate and the second glass plate.
  • a laminated glass comprising: an interlayer film bonding a plate and the second glass plate, wherein a part of the laminated glass is provided with P-polarized light from the first glass plate side for use in a head-up display.
  • a projected projection area is defined, where a P-polarized light reflecting film is provided in the projected projected area, and the residual stress ⁇ [MPa] in the projected projected area is expressed as follows, where Rp, Ts, and t are variables. Satisfies the simultaneous inequality of equations (1), (2), and (3).
  • the circumference of the first glass plate and the second glass plate is ⁇
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the P-polarized light is 555 [nm]
  • the photoelastic coefficient C is 2.8 [nm/mm/MPa].
  • a laminated glass having a P-polarized light reflective film it is possible to suppress side images and improve visibility of a HUD image.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a HUD system according to a first embodiment. It is a figure which illustrates the laminated glass concerning 1st Embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an assumed projection area. It is a figure which illustrates the laminated glass concerning the modification of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure explaining an example and a comparative example.
  • a vehicle is typically a car, but also refers to any moving object that can be equipped with laminated glass, including trains, ships, aircraft, etc.
  • planar view refers to viewing the object from the direction of the normal line passing through the center of gravity of the main surface of the object, and the shape seen at that time is referred to as the planar shape.
  • top and bottom refer to the top and bottom when the laminated glass is installed on the vehicle.
  • peripheral the outermost side of a predetermined member
  • peripheral a region of the predetermined member having a width inscribed in the "periphery”
  • periphery a region of the predetermined member having a width inscribed in the "periphery”
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a HUD system according to a first embodiment.
  • the HUD system 1 shown in FIG. 1 includes a laminated glass 10, a light source 50, a first optical system 60, an image display element 70, a second optical system 80, and a concave mirror 90.
  • the HUD system 1 is a head-up display system for a vehicle that displays a virtual image on the outside of the vehicle on a laminated glass 10. Note that in the HUD system 1, the first optical system 60 and the second optical system 80 may be provided as necessary.
  • the laminated glass 10 is, for example, a windshield for a vehicle, and P-polarized visible light enters from the inside of the vehicle.
  • the laminated glass 10 includes a P-polarized light reflecting film 15 in a region where the P-polarized visible light reflected by the concave mirror 90 is incident.
  • the P-polarized light reflecting film 15 may be formed on the entire surface of the laminated glass 10, or may be formed only on the visible light transmitting region of the laminated glass 10, excluding the shielding layer 14, which will be described later.
  • the P-polarized light reflective film 15 only needs to be formed at least in a region that is irradiated with P-polarized light from the light source 50, and the edge of the P-polarized light reflective film 15 should be formed near the outer periphery of the laminated glass 10 or on or near the shielding layer 14. It may be formed to make the edges less noticeable.
  • the light source 50 is a light source that emits P-polarized visible light, and is, for example, a light emitting diode, a laser, or the like.
  • the light source 50 may include optical components such as a polarizing plate and a lens that convert S-polarized light into P-polarized light.
  • the light source 50 includes, for example, three light sources: a red light source, a green light source, and a blue light source.
  • the first optical system 60 is composed of, for example, a prism, a lens, etc. that combines light emitted from a plurality of light sources.
  • the image display element 70 is an element that generates an intermediate image, and is, for example, a liquid crystal display element, an organic light emitting element, or the like.
  • the second optical system 80 is composed of, for example, a lens, a reflecting mirror, and the like.
  • the concave mirror 90 is an optical component that reflects an intermediate image on a reflective surface having a predetermined curvature, and is the closest to the laminated glass 10 among the optical components disposed on the optical path between the light source 50 and the laminated glass 10. placed in position.
  • the HUD system 1 light emitted from the light source 50 reaches the image display element 70 via the first optical system 60, and an intermediate image is formed on the image display element 70.
  • the intermediate image formed by the image display element 70 is magnified by passing through the second optical system 80 and the concave mirror 90, and is irradiated onto the P-polarized light reflecting film 15 of the laminated glass 10.
  • the intermediate image irradiated onto the P-polarized light reflective film 15 is mainly reflected by the P-polarized light reflective film 15 and guided to the passenger's viewpoint position P, and the passenger views the intermediate image in front of the laminated glass 10 as a virtual image V (HUD image) and recognize it.
  • the passenger is, for example, a driver of the vehicle.
  • ⁇ is the incident angle at which P-polarized visible light emitted from the light source 50 enters the P-polarized light reflecting film 15 via a predetermined optical system.
  • the incident angle ⁇ may be 57 degrees (Brewster's angle), may be greater than 57 degrees, or may be smaller than 57 degrees.
  • the HUD system 1 may be, for example, a laser scanning system in which a laser beam is scanned by an optical scanning section made of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) or the like.
  • MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical Systems
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the laminated glass according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 2(a) is a diagram schematically showing how the laminated glass is viewed from inside the vehicle to outside the vehicle
  • FIG. 2(b) is a diagram illustrating the laminated glass according to the first embodiment. is a partially enlarged sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2(a).
  • the laminated glass 10 includes a first glass plate 11, a second glass plate 12, an intermediate film 13, a shielding layer 14, and a P-polarized light reflective film 15. It is laminated glass.
  • the laminated glass 10 can be applied to, for example, a windshield of a vehicle.
  • the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are bonded together with an interlayer film 13 interposed therebetween.
  • the first glass plate 11 is disposed on the first side that is the inside of the vehicle when the laminated glass 10 is attached to the vehicle
  • the second glass plate 12 is disposed on the first side that becomes the inside of the vehicle when the laminated glass 10 is attached to the vehicle. It is located on the second side, which is the outside of the vehicle. Note that the shielding layer 14 is provided as necessary.
  • the laminated glass 10 has, for example, a compound curved shape that is curved in both the vertical and horizontal directions when attached to a vehicle.
  • the compound curved shape is not limited to a shape curved in the vertical and horizontal directions when attached to a vehicle, but includes a shape curved in two or more arbitrary different directions.
  • the laminated glass 10 may have a single curved shape that is curved only in the vertical or horizontal direction when attached to a vehicle.
  • the single curved shape is not limited to a shape curved only in the vertical or horizontal direction when attached to a vehicle, but includes a shape curved only in any one direction.
  • the laminated glass 10 is curved so as to be convex toward the outside of the vehicle. That is, the second glass plate 12 is preferably curved so as to be convex toward the side opposite to the interlayer film 13, and the first glass plate 11 is preferably curved so as to be convex toward the interlayer film 13 side. Preferably, it is curved.
  • the laminated glass 10 is trapezoidal in plan view in FIG. 2A, the laminated glass 10 is not limited to the trapezoidal shape and may have any shape including a rectangular shape.
  • the first glass plate 11 is an inside glass plate that becomes the inside (first side) of the vehicle when the laminated glass 10 is attached to the vehicle.
  • the second glass plate 12 is an outer side glass plate that becomes the outer side (second side) of the vehicle when the laminated glass 10 is attached to the vehicle.
  • the minimum value of the radius of curvature is preferably 500 mm or more and 100,000 mm or less.
  • the radius of curvature of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 may be the same or different.
  • the radius of curvature of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 is different, it is preferable that the radius of curvature of the first glass plate 11 is smaller than the radius of curvature of the second glass plate 12. .
  • the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are a pair of glass plates facing each other, and the intermediate film 13 is located between the pair of glass plates.
  • the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are fixed to each other with an interlayer film 13 sandwiched therebetween.
  • the intermediate film 13 is a film that adheres the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12.
  • the outer peripheral side surface of the intermediate film 13 is edge-treated. That is, it is preferable that the outer circumferential side surface of the interlayer film 13 is treated so as not to protrude significantly from the outer circumferential side surfaces of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12. It is preferable that the amount of protrusion of the outer circumferential side surface of the interlayer film 13 from the outer circumferential side surface of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 is 150 ⁇ m or less, since this does not impair the appearance. Details of the first glass plate 11, the second glass plate 12, and the intermediate film 13 will be described later.
  • the shielding layer 14 is an opaque layer, and is provided, for example, in a band shape along the periphery of the laminated glass 10.
  • the shielding layer 14 is, for example, an opaque colored ceramic layer, and the color is arbitrary, but dark colors such as black, brown, gray, and dark blue are preferable, and black is more preferable.
  • the shielding layer 14 may be a colored intermediate film or a colored film having a light-shielding property, a combination of a colored intermediate film and a colored ceramic layer, or a layer having a light control function.
  • the colored film may be integrated with an infrared reflective film or the like.
  • the width of the shielding layer 14 in plan view is, for example, about 10 mm to 250 mm, preferably 20 mm to 220 mm, and more preferably 30 mm to 200 mm.
  • the presence of the opaque shielding layer 14 on the laminated glass 10 can suppress deterioration of the adhesive made of resin such as urethane that holds the peripheral portion of the laminated glass 10 to the vehicle body due to ultraviolet rays.
  • the shielding layer 14 can be formed, for example, by applying a ceramic color paste containing a fusible glass frit containing a black pigment onto a glass plate by screen printing or the like and firing it, but is not limited thereto.
  • the shielding layer 14 may be formed, for example, by applying an organic ink containing a black or dark pigment onto a glass plate by screen printing or the like, and drying it.
  • the shielding layer 14 is provided, for example, only on the peripheral edge of the inner main surface of the second glass plate 12.
  • the shielding layer 14 may be provided only on the peripheral edge of the outer main surface 11a of the first glass plate 11, or on the peripheral edge of the inner main surface of the second glass plate 12 and on the outer main surface 11a of the first glass plate 11. may be provided on both peripheral edges of the outer main surface 11a.
  • the inner main surface refers to the surface facing the interlayer film 13 side
  • the outer main surface refers to the surface opposite to the inner main surface.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the assumed projection area, and is a diagram schematically showing the laminated glass viewed from the interior of the vehicle to the outside of the vehicle.
  • the dividing line L1 is a straight line passing through a point P1 that bisects the upper side 10t of the laminated glass 10 and a point P2 that bisects the lower side 10b in plan view.
  • the dividing line L2 is a straight line that is perpendicular to the dividing line L1 and bisects the part between the points P1 and P2 of the dividing line L1 in plan view.
  • the area surrounded by the dividing line L3 is divided into four areas R1, R2, R3, and R4 by the dividing lines L1 and L2. Regions R1, R2, R3, and R4 are expected projection regions.
  • the laminated glass 10 may be provided with a sensor area where a sensor such as a camera transmits and/or receives information, but a small independent transparent area surrounded by a shielding layer like the sensor area is not intended for projection. Not included in the area.
  • the projected projection area is capable of reflecting light emitted from a light source of a HUD system located inside the vehicle when the laminated glass is attached to the vehicle.
  • a HUD display area R used in the HUD is defined in the laminated glass 10.
  • the HUD display area R is a display area that reflects a projected image from inside the vehicle and displays information.
  • the HUD display area R is a range where the laminated glass 10 is irradiated with light from the light source 50 when the HUD display position is moved in an eyebox based on SAE J1757-2 (2016).
  • the HUD display area R is provided in any of the expected projection areas R1, R2, R3, and R4 shown in FIG. In the example of FIG. 2, the HUD display area R is provided in the area R1 shown in FIG. 3, but it may be provided in the area R2, R3, or R4. Further, the HUD display area R may be provided over any two or more of the areas R1, R2, R3, and R4 shown in FIG. 3. Moreover, the HUD display area R may be provided at multiple locations within the areas R1, R2, R3, and R4 shown in FIG. 3.
  • a P-polarized light reflecting film 15 is provided on the entire outer main surface 11a of the first glass plate 11.
  • the P-polarized light reflective film 15 may be provided only in the HUD display area R and its neighboring area. Note that it is preferable to provide the P-polarized light reflective film 15 over the entire outer main surface 11a of the first glass plate 11, since the boundary between the region where the P-polarized light reflective film 15 is provided and the surrounding region is not visible.
  • the P-polarized light reflective film 15 is a film that reflects P-polarized visible light incident from the concave mirror 90 toward the inside of the vehicle. be.
  • a P-polarized light reflective film may be used as the P-polarized light reflective film 15 and attached to the outer main surface 11a of the first glass plate 11 via an adhesive layer.
  • the P-polarized light reflecting film 15 is transparent to visible light.
  • Examples of the P-polarized light reflecting film 15 include a birefringent interference type polarizer made of a polymer multilayer film containing two or more types of polymers with different refractive indexes, and a polarizer having a fine uneven structure called a wire grid type. , a film including a polarizer made of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, etc. can be employed.
  • the thickness of the P-polarized light reflective film is preferably 25 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
  • the thickness of the P-polarized light reflective film is more preferably 150 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
  • P-polarized light reflective coat it is preferable to use a P-polarized light reflective coat as the P-polarized light reflective film 15, since visibility is better in low brightness such as at night and at a wider viewing angle than when a P-polarized light reflective film is used. Further, it is preferable to use a P-polarized light reflective coating because the film thickness can be easily controlled and the reflective surface tends to be smooth, so that the HUD image is less likely to be distorted.
  • the thickness of the P-polarized light reflective coat is, for example, 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, preferably 50 nm or more and 400 nm or less, and more preferably 50 nm or more and 300 nm or less.
  • the P-polarized light reflective coating examples include a film having a certain degree of P-polarized light reflectance, such as a film with a laminated structure of a high refractive index film/low refractive index film, and a Low-e film.
  • a film having a laminated structure of a high refractive index film/low refractive index film is preferable because it can maintain a high P-polarized light reflectance.
  • the high refractive index film/low refractive index film has a two-layer structure, for example, the high refractive index film and the low refractive index film are laminated in this order on the outer main surface 11a of the first glass plate 11.
  • the high refractive index film/low refractive index film has a three-layer structure or more, the high refractive index film and the low refractive index film are alternately laminated on the outer main surface 11a of the first glass plate 11 in any order.
  • the refractive index of the high refractive index film is 1.8 or more, or 1.9 or more, or 2.0 or more, or 2.1 or more, and preferably 2.5 or less at a wavelength of 550 nm.
  • the refractive index of the low refractive index film is typically less than 1.8, or 1.7 or less, or 1.6 or less, preferably 1.2 or more, at a wavelength of 550 nm.
  • the high refractive index film preferably contains at least one of the following. Oxides of Zr, Nb and Sn; mixed oxides of Ti, Zr, Nb, Si, Sb, Sn, Zn and In; nitrides of Si and Zr; mixed nitrides of Si and Zr.
  • the low refractive index film includes at least one of the following. Silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbide or mixtures, such as mixed oxides of silicon and aluminum, mixed oxides of silicon and zirconium.
  • the first layer of high refractive index film is optionally made of one or more sublayers.
  • the thickness (geometric thickness) of the first layer of the high refractive index film is preferably 50 nm to 100 nm, particularly preferably 60 nm to 80 nm.
  • the first layer of low refractive index film is optionally made of one or more sublayers.
  • the thickness (geometric thickness) of the first layer of the low refractive index film is preferably 70 nm to 160 nm, particularly preferably 80 nm to 120 nm.
  • the P-polarized light reflective coat can be formed on the surface of the glass plate by, for example, a sputtering method or a CVD method.
  • the FOV (Field Of View) of the HUD image may be 4deg x 1deg or more, 5deg x 1.5deg or more, 6deg x 2deg or more, or 7deg x 3deg or more.
  • a P-polarized light reflective film is used as the P-polarized light reflective film 15
  • the FOV of the HUD image is 4 deg x 1 deg or more
  • a larger HUD image will be projected onto the laminated glass 10 than before, and the waviness of the P-polarized light reflective film will be reduced. It becomes easier to see. Therefore, it is preferable to control the thickness of the adhesive layer that adheres the P-polarized film to an appropriate value to reduce distortion of the HUD image.
  • the radius of curvature in the horizontal direction is preferably 1000 mm or more and 100000 mm or less. Further, in the HUD display area R of the laminated glass 10, the radius of curvature in the vertical direction is preferably 4000 mm or more and 20000 mm or less, and more preferably 6000 mm or more and 20000 mm or less. If the curvatures in the vertical and horizontal directions are within the above ranges, waviness is less likely to occur in the P-polarized light reflective film 15, so that distortion of the HUD image projected onto the P-polarized light reflective film 15 can be reduced. Note that the horizontal direction here is the direction of the division line L2 in FIG. 3, and the vertical direction is the direction of the division line L1.
  • the incident angle of the P-polarized light incident on the P-polarized light reflective film is 57 degrees and all of the incident P-polarized light is reflected by the P-polarized light reflective film 15, only a main image is generated and no sub-image is generated.
  • the incident P-polarized light is not entirely reflected by the P-polarized light reflecting film 15, a sub-image is generated.
  • the image observed with the highest brightness is the main image, and the image observed with lower brightness than the main image is the sub-image.
  • the subimage will be noticeable.
  • P-polarized light enters the laminated glass 10
  • part of the P-polarized light is converted to S-polarized light and becomes elliptically polarized light.
  • S-polarized light component of the elliptically polarized light is reflected by the outer main surface 12a of the second glass plate 12, proceeds to the first glass plate 11, passes through the P-polarized light reflection film 15, and is emitted to the outside of the laminated glass 10.
  • a sub-image is generated.
  • the area close to the shielding layer 14 has high residual stress. This is because when the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are heated, bent, and slowly cooled, the shielding layer 14 is difficult to cool down, and the portion without the shielding layer 14 is easy to cool down. Therefore, when the HUD display region R is provided at a position close to the shielding layer 14, the sub-image caused by the residual stress becomes particularly noticeable. Therefore, in the laminated glass 10, by defining an appropriate relationship between the residual stress and the P-polarized light reflectance, etc. in the projected projection area, the side images are suppressed and the visibility of the HUD image is improved. This will be explained below.
  • the sub-image reflectance/main image reflectance is preferably 7% or less, more preferably 5% or less, and even more preferably 3% or less.
  • Sub-image reflectance/principal image reflectance is the ratio of sub-image brightness to main-image brightness when P-polarized light is incident on the laminated glass 10 from the inside of the car and the main-image brightness and sub-image brightness are each measured with a brightness meter. It is. Luminance is measured based on SAE J1757-2 (2018).
  • the main image brightness is the brightness of the image reflected by the main reflecting surface.
  • the main reflecting surface is a surface on which the image observed with the highest brightness among the plurality of images observed when P-polarized light is incident on the laminated glass 10 from the inside of the car is reflected.
  • this is the surface of the P-polarized light reflecting film 15 on the first glass plate 11 side.
  • the laminated glass 10 is designed such that the residual stress ⁇ [MPa] in the assumed projection area satisfies the inequality that is a simultaneous combination of equations (1), (2), and (3) below, where Rp, Ts, and t are variables. It is designed to.
  • the residual stress ⁇ in the assumed projection area is the difference ( principal stress difference). That is, the residual stress ⁇ of the laminated glass 10 is a principal stress difference acting in the plane direction of the laminated glass 10, and can be measured using the photoelastic stress measurement system “Edge Master” manufactured by Stress Photonics. "Edge Master” is a device for measuring the residual stress at the edge of laminated glass, but it can also remove the jig and measure the residual stress ⁇ in the projected area. Note that residual stress ⁇ may mean either compressive stress or tensile stress, and its absolute value is used regardless of its sign.
  • the phase difference occurring inside the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 is assumed to be ⁇ .
  • the circumference is ⁇
  • the wavelength ⁇ of P-polarized light is 555 [nm]
  • the photoelastic coefficient C is 2.8 [nm/mm/MPa]
  • the total of the first glass plate and the second glass plate is Let the thickness be t [mm].
  • the unit [%] is clearly indicated.
  • ⁇ 1 arcsin (N 0 /N 1 ⁇ sin ⁇ 0 ).
  • the denominator Rp indicates the main image reflectance
  • the numerator ((1-Rp) ⁇ X ⁇ Ts 2 ⁇ Rs) indicates the sub-image reflectance. That is, if the intensity of P-polarized light incident on the laminated glass 10 is I, then P-polarized light with an intensity of Rp ⁇ I is reflected on the surface of the laminated glass 10. This is the intensity of the main image. On the other hand, P-polarized light having an intensity of (1-Rp) ⁇ I enters the inside of the laminated glass 10.
  • a part of the P-polarized light with an intensity of (1-Rp) ⁇ I that has entered the inside of the laminated glass 10 is converted into S-polarized light with an intensity of (1-Rp) ⁇ X ⁇ I based on the polarization conversion rate X. Ru.
  • the S-polarized light multiplied by the polarized light transmittance Ts reaches the outer main surface 12a of the second glass plate 12. That is, the intensity of the S-polarized light reaching the outer main surface 12a is (1-Rp) ⁇ X ⁇ Ts ⁇ I.
  • the S-polarized light multiplied by the S-polarized light reflectance Rs of the outer main surface 12a is reflected by the outer main surface 12a, and the S-polarized light multiplied by the polarized light transmittance Ts is the first
  • the light reaches the outer main surface 11a of the glass plate 11, passes through the P-polarized light reflecting film 15, and is emitted to the outside of the laminated glass 10. That is, the intensity of the S-polarized light emitted to the outside of the laminated glass 10 is (1-Rp) ⁇ X ⁇ Ts 2 ⁇ Rs ⁇ I. This is the intensity of the subimage.
  • the reflection of S-polarized light on the outer main surface 11a and the P-polarized light reflecting film 15, and the absorption of S-polarized light on the laminated glass 10 are not included in the calculation. This is because the intensity of S-polarized light can be evaluated more strictly if these are ignored.
  • the sub-image reflectance/main image reflectance can be reduced to 0 in the laminated glass 10. It can be set to .1 or less, that is, 10% or less when expressed as a percentage, and it is possible to make the side image less noticeable. That is, in the laminated glass 10, by reducing the residual stress ⁇ in the expected projection area, it is possible to suppress the polarization state of P-polarized light from collapsing and generation of S-polarized light. Thereby, it is possible to suppress side images and improve visibility of the HUD image.
  • the S-polarized light transmittance Ts is determined by measuring the spectral transmittance described in JIS R3106:2019 using S-polarized light as incident light, and based on this, the visible light transmittance calculation method described in JIS R3106:2019. It was calculated according to the following.
  • the residual stress ⁇ is preferably 1 MPa or less, more preferably 0.8 MPa or less, even more preferably 0.7 MPa or less, even more preferably 0.6 MPa or less, and particularly preferably 0.4 MPa or less.
  • the residual stress ⁇ can be reduced.
  • the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 be formed by press molding. By taking a longer time than before, the residual stress ⁇ can be reduced as in the present invention.
  • the S-polarized light transmittance of the first glass plate 11 and/or the second glass plate 12 at an incident angle of 57 degrees to the expected projection area is preferably 70% or less, more preferably 65% or less. With such a value, the S-polarized light transmittance Ts of the laminated glass 10 can be reduced, so the intensity of the S-polarized light emitted to the outside of the laminated glass 10 can be reduced, and the subimage can be made less noticeable.
  • the S-polarized light transmittance Ts of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 80% or less, more preferably 75% or less, even more preferably 70% or less, and even more preferably 65% or less.
  • the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 11 and/or the second glass plate 12 may be 87% or less, or 84% or less. With such a value, the intensity of the S-polarized light emitted to the outside of the laminated glass 10 can be reduced, and the sub-image can be made less noticeable.
  • the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 11 and/or the second glass plate 12 is low, heat is easily absorbed during molding of the glass plate, and residual stress is likely to occur.
  • the residual stress can be reduced by lengthening the slow cooling time when forming and slow cooling the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12.
  • the visible light transmittance of the plate 11 and/or the second glass plate 12 may be reduced.
  • the visible light transmittance can be measured by a method based on JIS R3106:2019. Note that in the expected projection area, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 70% or more.
  • the difference in visible light transmittance between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 may be 3% or more, 5% or more, or 8% or more. If there is a difference in the visible light transmittance between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12, there will be a difference in the annealing time during molding of the glass plates, so that residual stress is likely to occur. However, in the laminated glass 10, the residual stress can be reduced by increasing the annealing time when the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are formed and annealed. There may be a difference in visible light transmittance between the first glass plate 12 and the second glass plate 12.
  • the thickness of the second glass plate 12 may be 1.9 mm or more, 2.2 mm or more, or 2.4 mm or more. With such a value, strength such as stone flying resistance is sufficient. Note that if the second glass plate 12 is thick, it will easily absorb heat during molding of the glass plate, and residual stress will likely occur. However, in the laminated glass 10, the residual stress can be reduced by increasing the annealing time when the second glass plate 12 is formed and annealed, so the thickness of the second glass plate 12 is increased. I don't mind.
  • the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 4.6 mm or less, more preferably 4.4 mm or less.
  • the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 By reducing the total thickness of the laminated glass 10, the amount of separation of the sub-image from the main image becomes smaller, making the sub-image less noticeable. Furthermore, the weight of the laminated glass 10 can be reduced. Further, it is preferable that the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 11 is higher than the visible light transmittance of the second glass plate 12, since the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 can be reduced while keeping the sub-image dark.
  • the thickness of the first glass plate 11 may be 1.8 mm or less, 1.6 mm or less, 1.3 mm or less, 1.0 mm or less, or 0.7 mm or less. It may be 0.5 mm or less. With such a value, the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 can be reduced while maintaining the thickness of the second glass plate 12. As a result, in the laminated glass 10, the amount of separation of the sub-image from the main image can be reduced and the weight can be reduced.
  • the difference in thickness between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 may be 0.1 mm or more, or may be 0.3 mm or more. If there is a difference in the thickness of the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12, there will be a difference in the annealing time during molding of the glass plates, so that residual stress is likely to occur. However, in the laminated glass 10, the residual stress can be reduced by increasing the annealing time when the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are formed and annealed. There may be a difference in the thickness of the second glass plate 12 and the second glass plate 12.
  • the S-polarized light transmittance of the interlayer film 13 at an incident angle of 57 degrees to the expected projection area is preferably 73% or less. With such a value, the S-polarized light transmittance Ts of the laminated glass 10 can be reduced, so the intensity of the S-polarized light emitted to the outside of the laminated glass 10 can be reduced, and the subimage can be made less noticeable.
  • the visible light transmittance of the intermediate film 13 may be 90% or more. In this case, it is preferable to reduce the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 11 and/or the second glass plate 12 to attenuate the subimage.
  • the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 11 and/or the second glass plate 12 when the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 11 and/or the second glass plate 12 is low, heat is easily absorbed during molding of the glass plate and residual stress is likely to occur.
  • the residual stress can be reduced by increasing the annealing time when the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are formed and annealed. And/or the visible light transmittance of the second glass plate 12 may be reduced.
  • the P-polarized light reflectance Rp of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 10% or more. If the P-polarized light reflectance Rp of the laminated glass 10 is 10% or more, the main image will be sufficiently bright, and the visibility of the HUD image will improve. Further, since the sub-image reflectance/main image reflectance becomes large, the sub-image can be made less noticeable.
  • the P-polarized light reflectance Rp of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 12% or more, more preferably 15% or more. As the P-polarized light reflectance Rp of the laminated glass 10 increases, the brightness of the main image further increases, and the visibility of the HUD image further improves. Further, since the sub-image reflectance/main image reflectance becomes even larger, the sub-image can be made even less noticeable.
  • the P-polarized light reflectance Rp of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 25% or less, more preferably 20% or less.
  • the P-polarized light reflectance Rp of the laminated glass 10 is 25% or less, reflection of interior materials such as a vehicle instrument panel can be suppressed, and when it is 20% or less, reflection can be further suppressed.
  • a light source and an optical system are installed so that the incident angle of P-polarized light incident on the P-polarized light reflective film is around 57 degrees.
  • the incident angle ⁇ may deviate from 57 degrees.
  • the laminated glass 10 since the residual stress ⁇ is reduced, the dependence of the sub-image on the incident angle is small, and the sub-image is hardly noticeable even when the incident angle ⁇ deviates from 57 degrees.
  • the incident angle ⁇ may be 60 degrees or more and may be 65 degrees or more. However, if the incident angle ⁇ greatly deviates from 57 degrees, the amount of light that passes through the P-polarized light reflecting film 15 increases, making the sub-image more noticeable. Therefore, the incident angle ⁇ is preferably 42 degrees or more and 72 degrees or less, more preferably 47 degrees or more and 67 degrees or less, and even more preferably 52 degrees or more and 62 degrees or less.
  • all of the HUD display area R is separated from the edge of the laminated glass 10 by 100 mm or more and from the edge of the shielding layer 14 by 20 mm or more in plan view. This is because the residual stress ⁇ becomes smaller if the distance is 100 mm or more from the edge of the laminated glass 10 and 20 mm or more from the edge of the shielding layer 14 in plan view. At least a portion of the HUD display area R may be arranged within 200 mm from the edge of the laminated glass 10 or within 100 mm from the edge of the shielding layer 14. This is because in the laminated glass 10, the residual stress ⁇ is sufficiently small even in this region.
  • the residual stress ⁇ satisfies the formulas (1), (2), and (3) only in any one of the regions R1, R2, R3, and R4, which are the expected projection regions, and the residual stress ⁇ is 1 or more and 3 or less. It may be designed to satisfy simultaneous inequalities.
  • the laminated glass 10 may be designed such that the residual stress ⁇ satisfies the inequality that is a combination of equations (1), (2), and (3) only in the region R1 that is the expected projection region.
  • the HUD system 1 may be designed so that the HUD display area R is provided in the area 1.
  • ⁇ the residual stress ⁇ in the assumed projection region satisfies the inequality that is a simultaneous equation of equations (1), (2), and (3) in which Rp, Ts, and t are variables.
  • the residual stress ⁇ satisfies the inequality that combines equations (1), (2), and (3) in any one or more of the regions R1, R2, R3, and R4. means.
  • the projection distance of the HUD image is preferably 2 m or more, more preferably 3 m or more, even more preferably 5 m or more, and particularly preferably 10 m or more.
  • the projection distance of the HUD image is the distance from the center of the eyebox to the focal position of the virtual image V based on SAE J1757-2 (2016).
  • the method for measuring the focal length of the HUD is based on SAE J1757-2 (2018).
  • the projection distance of the HUD image becomes longer, the sub-image becomes darker and the amount of separation of the sub-image from the main image can be suppressed, making the sub-image less noticeable.
  • the HUD image approaches the focal length of the driver while driving, so the visibility of the HUD image improves.
  • first glass plate 11, the second glass plate 12, and the intermediate film 13 will be explained in detail.
  • the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 may be made of inorganic glass or organic glass.
  • the inorganic glass for example, soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, alkali-free glass, quartz glass, etc. can be used without particular limitation.
  • the second glass plate 12 located outside the laminated glass 10 is preferably inorganic glass from the viewpoint of scratch resistance, and preferably soda lime glass from the viewpoint of formability.
  • the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are soda lime glass, clear glass, green glass containing a predetermined amount or more of iron component, and dark green glass can be suitably used.
  • the inorganic glass may be either untempered glass or tempered glass.
  • Unstrengthened glass is obtained by forming molten glass into a flat plate and slowly cooling it.
  • Tempered glass is made by forming a compressive stress layer on the surface of untempered glass. In the case of tempered glass, residual stress ⁇ can be reduced by isotropically distributing stress.
  • the tempered glass may be either physically strengthened glass such as air-cooled strengthened glass or chemically strengthened glass.
  • physically strengthened glass compression is applied to the glass surface due to the temperature difference between the glass surface and the inside of the glass through operations other than gradual cooling, such as rapidly cooling a glass plate that has been uniformly heated during bending from a temperature near its softening point. By creating a stress layer, the glass surface can be strengthened.
  • the glass surface can be strengthened by creating compressive stress on the glass surface using an ion exchange method, etc.;
  • the glass surface may be strengthened with Further, glass that absorbs ultraviolet or infrared rays may be used, and although transparent is preferable, a glass plate that is colored to the extent that transparency is not impaired may also be used.
  • organic glass materials include polycarbonate, acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, and transparent resins such as polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene.
  • the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are not limited to a trapezoidal shape or a rectangular shape, but may be shaped into various shapes and curvatures.
  • a gravity forming method, a press forming method, a roller forming method, etc. may be used for bending the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12.
  • the method of forming the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 is not particularly limited either, and for example, in the case of inorganic glass, glass plates formed by a float method or the like are preferable.
  • the thickness of the second glass plate 12 is preferably 1.1 mm or more and 3 mm or less at the thinnest part.
  • the thickness of the second glass plate 12 at the thinnest part is more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.8 mm or less, further preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.6 mm or less, and even more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.2 mm or less. , more preferably 1.8 mm or more and 2.1 mm or less.
  • the thickness of the first glass plate 11 is preferably 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less. When the thickness of the first glass plate 11 is 0.3 mm or more, handling properties are good, and when it is 2.3 mm or less, the mass does not become too large.
  • the thickness of the first glass plate 11 is not appropriate, if two pieces of glass with particularly deep bends are formed as the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12, a mismatch will occur in the shapes of the two pieces. It greatly affects glass quality such as residual stress after crimping.
  • the thickness of the first glass plate 11 is set to 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less.
  • Setting the thickness of the first glass plate 11 to 0.3 mm or more and 2.3 mm or less is particularly effective in maintaining glass quality in deeply curved glass.
  • the thickness of the first glass plate 11 is more preferably 0.5 mm or more and 2.2 mm or less, and even more preferably 0.7 mm or more and 2.1 mm or less. Within this range, the above effect becomes even more remarkable.
  • a coating having water repellency, ultraviolet and infrared ray cutting functions, or a coating having low reflection characteristics and low radiation characteristics may be provided on the outside of the first glass plate 11 and/or 12. Further, a coating having properties such as ultraviolet and infrared ray blocking, low radiation properties, visible light absorption, and coloring may be provided on the side of the first glass plate 11 and/or 12 that is in contact with the intermediate film 13.
  • the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are made of curved inorganic glass
  • the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 are bonded by the interlayer film 13 after being formed by a float method or the like. before being bent and formed. Bending is performed by softening the glass by heating.
  • the heating temperature of the glass during bending is preferably controlled within the range of approximately 550°C to 700°C.
  • Thermoplastic resins are often used as the intermediate film 13, such as plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin, plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin, saturated polyester resin, plasticized saturated polyester resin, polyurethane resin, and plasticized polyurethane resin.
  • Thermoplastic resins conventionally used for this type of use include resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins, ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer resins, cycloolefin polymer resins, and ionomer resins.
  • a resin composition containing a hydrogenated modified block copolymer described in Japanese Patent No. 6065221 can also be suitably used.
  • plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin has an excellent balance of performance such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesive strength, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. is preferably used.
  • thermoplastic resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • "Plasticized" in the above-mentioned plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin means plasticized by addition of a plasticizer. The same applies to other plasticized resins.
  • the specific plasticizer when encapsulating a specific substance in the interlayer film 13, depending on the type of substance to be encapsulated, the specific plasticizer may cause deterioration, and in that case, it is preferable to use a resin that does not substantially contain the plasticizer.
  • resins containing no plasticizer include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) resins.
  • the above-mentioned polyvinyl acetal resin includes a polyvinyl formal resin obtained by reacting polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and formaldehyde, a polyvinyl acetal resin in a narrow sense obtained by reacting PVA and acetaldehyde, and a polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by reacting PVA and n-butyraldehyde.
  • Examples include polyvinyl butyral (PVB) resins obtained by reacting PVB resins, with particular properties such as transparency, weather resistance, strength, adhesion, penetration resistance, impact energy absorption, moisture resistance, heat insulation, and sound insulation. PVB is preferred because it has an excellent balance of performance. Note that these polyvinyl acetal resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.
  • the material forming the intermediate film 13 is not limited to thermoplastic resin.
  • the intermediate film 13 may contain functional particles such as an infrared absorber, an ultraviolet absorber, and a luminescent agent.
  • the intermediate film 13 may have a colored portion called a shade band.
  • the coloring pigment used to form the colored part is one that can be used for plastics, and the amount added may be adjusted so that the visible light transmittance of the colored part is 40% or less.
  • azo Organic coloring pigments such as phthalocyanine, quinacridone, perylene, perinone, dioxazine, anthraquinone, and isoindolino, as well as oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, chromic acid, sulfates, carbonates, and silicic acids.
  • inorganic coloring pigments such as salts, phosphates, arsenates, ferrocyanides, carbon, and metal powders. These colored pigments may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the intermediate film 13 may have multiple layers.
  • the intermediate film 13 may have three or more layers.
  • the interlayer film is formed from three or more layers and the shear modulus of any layer other than the layers on both sides is made smaller than the shear modulus of the layers on both sides by adjusting the plasticizer, etc., the sound insulation properties of the laminated glass 10 will be reduced. can be improved.
  • the shear modulus of the layers on both sides may be the same or different.
  • the thickness of the intermediate film 13 is preferably 0.5 mm or more at the thinnest part. Note that when the intermediate film 13 has a plurality of layers, the thickness of the intermediate film 13 is the total thickness of each layer. When the thickness of the thinnest part of the interlayer film 13 is 0.5 mm or more, the impact resistance required as a laminated glass is sufficient. Further, the thickness of the intermediate film 13 is preferably 3 mm or less at the thickest portion. When the maximum thickness of the interlayer film 13 is 3 mm or less, the mass of the laminated glass does not become too large. The maximum thickness of the intermediate film 13 is more preferably 2.8 mm or less, and even more preferably 2.6 mm or less.
  • each layer included in the intermediate film 13 is preferably formed of the same material, but may be formed of different materials.
  • 50% or more of the thickness of the interlayer film 13 is made of the above-mentioned material. It is preferable to use
  • the above-mentioned resin material that will become the interlayer film is appropriately selected, and extrusion molded in a heated molten state using an extruder. Extrusion conditions such as extrusion speed of the extruder are set to be uniform. Thereafter, the extruded resin film is stretched, for example, as necessary, in order to give curvature to the upper and lower sides in accordance with the design of the laminated glass, thereby completing the interlayer film 13.
  • the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is preferably 2.8 mm or more and 10 mm or less. If the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is 2.8 mm or more, sufficient rigidity can be ensured. Moreover, if the total thickness of the laminated glass 10 is 10 mm or less, sufficient transmittance can be obtained and haze can be reduced.
  • the misalignment between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 is preferably 1.5 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or less.
  • the plate displacement between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 is the amount of displacement between the outer circumferential side surface of the first glass plate 11 and the outer circumferential side surface of the second glass plate 12 in plan view. be.
  • the misalignment between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 on at least one side of the laminated glass 10 is 1.5 mm or less, since this does not impair the appearance. It is more preferable that the misalignment between the first glass plate 11 and the second glass plate 12 on at least one side of the laminated glass 10 is 1.0 mm or less, since this does not impair the appearance.
  • the laminated glass 10 After forming the P-polarized light reflective film 15 on the outer main surface 11a of the first glass plate 11, the first glass plate 11 and the second An intermediate film 13 is sandwiched between the two glass plates 12 to form a laminate. Then, for example, this laminate is placed in a rubber bag, a rubber chamber, a resin bag, etc., and the temperature is controlled in a vacuum range of approximately 70°C to 110°C under a gauge pressure of -100kPa to -65kPa. and glue. The heating conditions, temperature conditions, and lamination method are selected as appropriate.
  • a laminated glass 10 with greater durability can be obtained.
  • this heating and pressing step may not be used in consideration of the simplification of the process and the characteristics of the material sealed in the laminated glass 10.
  • Cold bending consists of a laminate consisting of a first glass plate 11, an interlayer film 13, and a second glass plate 12 fixed by temporary fixing means such as tape, and a conventionally known nip roller, rubber bag, and rubber chamber. This can be achieved by using a pre-pressing device such as , and an autoclave.
  • heating wires Infrared reflection, light emission, power generation, dimming, touch panels, visible It may also include a film or device with functions such as light reflection, scattering, decoration, and absorption.
  • the surface of the laminated glass 10 may have a film having functions such as antifogging, water repellency, heat shielding, and low reflection.
  • a film having functions such as heat shielding and heat generation may be provided on the inner main surface of the first glass plate 11 and the inner main surface of the second glass plate 12.
  • the P-polarized light reflecting film 15 is provided on the outer main surface 11a of the first glass plate 11.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the P-polarized light reflecting film 15 may be provided on the inner main surface 11b of the first glass plate 11, as in the laminated glass 10A shown in FIG. 4(a).
  • the P-polarized light reflective film 15 is, for example, a P-polarized light reflective coat coated on the inner main surface 11b of the first glass plate 11.
  • a P-polarized light reflective film may be used as the P-polarized light reflective film 15 and attached to the inner main surface 11b of the first glass plate 11 via an adhesive layer.
  • the P-polarized light reflecting film 15 may be provided on the inner main surface 12b of the second glass plate 12, as in the laminated glass 10B shown in FIG. 4(b).
  • the P-polarized light reflective film 15 is, for example, a P-polarized light reflective coat coated on the inner main surface 12b of the second glass plate 12.
  • a P-polarized light reflective film may be used as the P-polarized light reflective film 15 and attached to the inner main surface 12b of the second glass plate 12 via an adhesive layer.
  • the residual stress ⁇ in the expected projection area satisfies the inequality that combines equations (1), (2), and (3), so that the subimage is By setting the reflectance/main image reflectance to 10% or less, the sub-image can be made inconspicuous.
  • the main reflective surface becomes the surface of the P-polarized light reflective film 15 on the first glass plate 11 side.
  • the number of subimages is limited to one, which is preferable in that the subimage can be made more inconspicuous.
  • Example, comparative example> A first glass plate A and a second glass plate B are bonded together via an interlayer film C, and a P-polarized light reflecting film (TiZrO 2 /SiO 2 laminate film) is coated on the entire outer main surface of the first glass plate A. , geometric thickness is 73.9 nm/99.5 nm). Note that the first glass plate A, the second glass plate B, and the interlayer film C were not wedge-shaped in cross section, but were assumed to have a constant thickness. Calculations were performed assuming that P-polarized light (wavelength 555 nm) was incident on the projected projection area of the laminated glass from the P-polarized light reflecting film side at an incident angle of 57 degrees.
  • P-polarized light wavelength 555 nm
  • the sub-image reflectance/main image It was determined by calculation whether the reflectance was 10% or less, that is, whether formula (1) was satisfied. Note that such calculations are commonly performed when determining the optical performance of automotive glass, and are consistent with actual values.
  • the optical properties (refractive index, extinction coefficient) of the first glass plate A, second glass plate B, and interlayer C that constitute the laminated glass are specifically determined for the glass plates (green glass, dark glass, The colors were set from green glass, clear glass) and interlayer film (clear interlayer film).
  • the S-polarized light reflectance Rs are determined from the optical properties (refractive index, extinction coefficient) and plate thickness of the first glass plate A, second glass plate B, and intermediate film C obtained as described above. It was calculated based on theory. A specific calculation method is shown, for example, in "Basic Theory of Optical Thin Films - Expanded and Revised Edition - Mitsunobu Kohiyama (Optronics Publishing)".
  • Example 1 and Examples 3 to 9 are examples, and Example 2 is a comparative example.
  • Example 1 Assuming that the first glass plate A is a green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm, the second glass plate B is a green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm, the interlayer C is a clear interlayer film with a thickness of 0.76 mm, and Assuming that the value of residual stress ⁇ is 0.9 MPa, the sub-image reflectance/main image reflectance was calculated.
  • Example 2 Assuming that the first glass plate A is a green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm, the second glass plate B is a green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm, the interlayer C is a clear interlayer film with a thickness of 0.76 mm, and Assuming that the value of residual stress ⁇ is 1.3 MPa, the sub-image reflectance/main image reflectance was calculated.
  • the first glass plate A is dark green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm
  • the second glass plate B is dark green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm
  • the intermediate film C is a clear interlayer film with a thickness of 0.76 mm.
  • the sub-image reflectance/main image reflectance was calculated assuming that the residual stress ⁇ was 0.9 MPa.
  • Example 4 Assuming that the first glass plate A is green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm, the second glass plate B is dark green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm, and the intermediate film C is a clear interlayer film with a thickness of 0.76 mm. , and the value of the residual stress ⁇ was assumed to be 0.9 MPa, and the sub-image reflectance/main image reflectance was calculated.
  • Example 5 Assuming that the first glass plate A is a clear glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm, the second glass plate B is a green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm, and the intermediate film C is a clear interlayer film with a thickness of 0.76 mm, and Assuming that the value of residual stress ⁇ is 1 MPa, the sub-image reflectance/main-image reflectance was calculated.
  • Example 6 Assuming that the first glass plate A is clear glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm, the second glass plate B is dark green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm, and the intermediate film C is a clear interlayer film with a thickness of 0.76 mm. , and the value of the residual stress ⁇ was assumed to be 1 MPa, and the sub-image reflectance/main image reflectance was calculated.
  • Example 7 Assuming that the first glass plate A is clear glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm, the second glass plate B is dark green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm, and the intermediate film C is a clear interlayer film with a thickness of 0.76 mm. , and the value of the residual stress ⁇ was assumed to be 0.6 MPa, and the sub-image reflectance/main image reflectance was calculated.
  • Example 8 Assuming that the first glass plate A is clear glass with a thickness of 1.6 mm, the second glass plate B is dark green glass with a thickness of 1.8 mm, and the intermediate film C is a clear interlayer film with a thickness of 0.76 mm. , and the value of the residual stress ⁇ was assumed to be 0.9 MPa, and the sub-image reflectance/main image reflectance was calculated.
  • Example 9 Assuming that the first glass plate A is clear glass with a thickness of 2 mm, the second glass plate B is dark green glass with a thickness of 2 mm, and the intermediate film C is a clear interlayer film with a thickness of 0.76 mm, and residual stress Assuming the value of ⁇ to be 1 MPa, the sub-image reflectance/main-image reflectance was calculated.
  • the results of Example 1 and Examples 3 to 9 show that if the residual stress ⁇ is adjusted to 1 MPa or less by slow cooling time etc. in the manufacturing process of laminated glass, the requirements shown in Example 1 and Examples 3 to 9 in FIG. It is shown that by using the first glass plate A and the second glass plate A that satisfy the above conditions, the sub-image reflectance/main image reflectance can be made 10% or less.
  • the residual stress ⁇ is reduced by using the first glass plate A and the second glass plate A that meet the requirements shown in Examples 1 and 3 to 9 in FIG.
  • the pressure By adjusting the pressure to 1 MPa or less, it is possible to realize a laminated glass in which side images are less noticeable.
  • Example 2 even if the same first glass plate A and second glass plate A as in Example 1 are used, assuming a value of 1.3 MPa as the residual stress ⁇ , the sub-image reflectance/ This indicates that the main image reflectance cannot be reduced to 10% or less. In other words, if the residual stress ⁇ exceeds 1 MPa due to reasons such as a short slow cooling time, the sub-image reflectance/main image reflectance cannot be reduced to 10% or less, and the sub-image becomes conspicuous.
  • Example 3 when the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate A and the second glass plate B is low, heat is easily absorbed during molding of the glass plate, and residual stress is likely to occur. However, if the residual stress ⁇ is adjusted to 1 MPa or less by adjusting the slow cooling time or the like, a laminated glass with less noticeable side images can be realized.
  • Example 8 if there is a difference in the thickness of the first glass plate A and the second glass plate B, residual stress is likely to occur because there is a difference in annealing time during molding of the glass plates. However, if the residual stress ⁇ is adjusted to 1 MPa or less by adjusting the slow cooling time or the like, a laminated glass with less noticeable side images can be realized.
  • Example 9 when the first glass plate A and the second glass plate B are thick, heat is easily absorbed during molding of the glass plates, and residual stress is likely to occur. However, by adjusting the residual stress ⁇ to 1 MPa or less by adjusting the slow cooling time, etc., a laminated glass with less noticeable side images can be realized.
  • the circumference of the first glass plate and the second glass plate is ⁇
  • the wavelength ⁇ of the P-polarized light is 555 [nm]
  • the photoelastic coefficient C is 2.8 [nm/mm/MPa].
  • the total plate thickness be t [mm].
  • the laminated glass according to supplementary note 1 wherein the residual stress ⁇ is 1 MPa or less.
  • the laminated glass according to Supplementary Note 1 or 2 wherein the residual stress ⁇ is 0.7 MPa or less.

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