WO2023185470A1 - 一种光伏发电支架系统及其安装方法 - Google Patents

一种光伏发电支架系统及其安装方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023185470A1
WO2023185470A1 PCT/CN2023/081568 CN2023081568W WO2023185470A1 WO 2023185470 A1 WO2023185470 A1 WO 2023185470A1 CN 2023081568 W CN2023081568 W CN 2023081568W WO 2023185470 A1 WO2023185470 A1 WO 2023185470A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable
node
force
power generation
photovoltaic
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2023/081568
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
高志升
张凡
王文彪
张永春
张志海
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yiheng Wisdom Beijing Energy Technology Co Ltd
Yili Resources Group Co Ltd
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Yiheng Wisdom Beijing Energy Technology Co Ltd
Yili Resources Group Co Ltd
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Application filed by Yiheng Wisdom Beijing Energy Technology Co Ltd, Yili Resources Group Co Ltd filed Critical Yiheng Wisdom Beijing Energy Technology Co Ltd
Publication of WO2023185470A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023185470A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/10—Supporting structures directly fixed to the ground
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
    • H02S30/10—Frame structures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a photovoltaic power generation bracket system and an installation method thereof.
  • the loads borne by the photovoltaic module support structure mainly include the self-weight of the material, wind and snow loads from all directions, and earthquake loads.
  • the load is transmitted downward through the photovoltaic panels and brackets layer by layer, and its direction may be downward, upward, or at a certain angle with the horizontal direction.
  • existing flexible supports mostly use a single-layer cable structure system combined with a rigid frame/truss. Some flexible supports are equipped with a two-layer cable structure system to better withstand downward loads. .
  • the present invention provides a photovoltaic power generation bracket system, including:
  • a flexible photovoltaic bracket used to carry the photovoltaic panel assembly including at least one span, wherein each span includes:
  • each door-shaped structure includes columns and beams, and the photovoltaic panel assembly is arranged between the two door-shaped frames;
  • the two ends of the adjustment cable are respectively connected to the tops of the columns of the two door-shaped structures, and the adjustment cable deviates downward to form an arc-shaped structure;
  • the two ends of the stabilizing cable are respectively connected to the middle sections of the columns of the two door-shaped structures, and the stabilizing cable deviates upward to form an arc-shaped structure.
  • the photovoltaic panel assembly is arranged between the two door-shaped frames through installation cables, and both ends of the installation cables are respectively connected to the cross beams of the two door-shaped frames.
  • the installation cable includes an upper installation cable and a lower installation cable.
  • the installation cable is arranged horizontally, and there is a height difference between the upper installation cable and the lower installation cable, so that a height difference is formed between the photovoltaic panel assembly and the horizontal plane. Angle ⁇ .
  • At least one first force-bearing node is provided on the shape-adjusting cable.
  • the angle ⁇ of the shape-adjusting cable at the first force-bearing node is less than 180 degrees.
  • the angle ⁇ is less than 180 degrees.
  • the cables on both sides of the above angle provide reaction force;
  • At least one second stress node is provided on the stabilizing cable.
  • the angle ⁇ of the stabilizing cable at the second stress node is less than 180 degrees, and the second stress node is connected to the second stress node through a support truss.
  • the first stressed nodes are connected in one-to-one correspondence;
  • the upper installation cable includes at least one third stress node
  • the lower installation cable includes at least one fourth stress node. Both the third stress node and the fourth stress node are connected to the third stress node through a support truss. One stress node is connected in one-to-one correspondence.
  • At least one second force-bearing node provided in the middle section of the stabilizing cable coincides with the corresponding first force-bearing node.
  • the main structure further includes anchoring points, which are provided at both ends of the flexible photovoltaic support and are connected to the door-shaped frames at both ends through anchoring diagonal tie rods.
  • the stabilizing cable of the flexible photovoltaic bracket is a whole, and its direction is adjusted by the cable guide device on the column to form an arc-shaped structure in one span. Both ends of the stabilizing cable are connected to the top of the anchor point. , and the two ends of the stabilizing cable form an angle ⁇ with the horizontal plane.
  • the included angle ⁇ is determined by the total area Av of the photovoltaic panel assembly between two adjacent door-shaped frames, the included angle ⁇ , the allowable stress [ ⁇ ] of the stabilizing cable, and the cross-sectional area As of the stabilizing cable.
  • the upright columns are prefabricated pipe piles, or I-beam steel, or square steel, or round steel, or cast-in-situ reinforced concrete piles; and/or
  • the cross beam is made of reinforced concrete beam or I-beam square steel.
  • the total span of the photovoltaic power generation support system ranges from 10m to 500m, and the distance of each span ranges from 5 to 50m.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides the installation method of the photovoltaic power generation bracket system as mentioned above, including:
  • the present invention provides a photovoltaic power generation bracket system and its installation method.
  • the structure is maintained under the action of different winds by arranging a shape-adjusting cable that provides an upward reaction force and a stabilizing cable that provides a downward reaction force under the photovoltaic panel assembly. the stability.
  • the photovoltaic power generation support system can not only resist vertical loads such as self-weight and snow pressure, but also resist positive and negative wind pressure, so that it can maintain a horizontal state during daily operation and can resist excessive wind loads. It can maintain small deformation, greatly improve the horizontal stability of the structure, and reduce component fatigue caused by excessive vibration.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a long-span photovoltaic support in the prior art
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power generation support system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the force transmission when downward load and positive wind act on a photovoltaic power generation support system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 shows the negative wind effect of a photovoltaic power generation support system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the transmission force at the time;
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a support truss of a photovoltaic power generation support system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a cable guide device of a photovoltaic power generation support system according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the installation position of the mounting cable of a photovoltaic power generation bracket system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 shows a flow chart of an installation method of a photovoltaic power generation bracket system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the term “negative wind pressure” refers to the wind acting below the component to form an upward lifting force.
  • the photovoltaic panel assembly extends in the east-west direction and faces south. Therefore, in this application, the term “positive wind pressure” refers to the south-direction wind, and the term “negative wind pressure” refers to the south-direction wind. Points to the wind coming from the north.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a long-span photovoltaic support in the prior art.
  • the existing long-span photovoltaic supports mainly include rigid frames 001, installation cables 002, adjustment cables 003 and cable-to-cable support trusses 004.
  • the photovoltaic panel assembly is installed on the installation cable 002.
  • the long-span photovoltaic bracket can better withstand the vertical gravity load and snow load of the photovoltaic panel assembly, but the adjusting cable 003 can only withstand tension.
  • the ability to withstand negative wind pressure can only rely on the pretension force of the installation cable 002 itself.
  • the invention provides a photovoltaic power generation bracket system, which maintains the stability of the structure under different incoming winds by arranging deformation cables that provide upward reaction force and stabilizing cables that provide downward reaction force under the board.
  • the adjustment cable is used to provide a reverse resultant force in a second direction opposite to the first direction to offset the first force when receiving a first force in the first direction; and the stabilizing cable It is used to provide a reverse resultant force in the first direction to offset the second force when receiving the second force in the second direction.
  • the first direction refers to the forward wind direction, which can also be understood as the downward direction perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel assembly
  • the second direction refers to the reverse wind direction, which can also be understood as the direction perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel.
  • the upward direction of the component is used to provide a reverse resultant force in a second direction opposite to the first direction to offset the first force when receiving a first force in the first direction
  • the stabilizing cable It is used to provide a reverse resultant force in the first direction to offset the second force when receiving the second force in the second direction.
  • the first direction refers to the forward wind direction, which can also be understood as the downward direction perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel assembly
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic power generation support system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a photovoltaic power generation bracket system includes multiple rows of photovoltaic panel assemblies 100 and flexible photovoltaic brackets.
  • the photovoltaic panel assembly 100 is installed on the flexible photovoltaic bracket, and bears downward and upward loads through the adjusting cable 300 and the stabilizing cable 400 respectively.
  • the flexible photovoltaic supports extend east-west and are recorded as one row. Flexible photovoltaic supports between different rows can be connected through trusses, as shown in Figure 5.
  • the flexible photovoltaic bracket includes at least two door-shaped frames 201, and the photovoltaic panel assembly 100 is installed between two adjacent door-shaped frames 201.
  • the portal frame 201 is composed of two upright columns and a cross beam, which can bear the load of two adjacent span cable bodies. After the synthesis, the main vertical load and horizontal wind force are formed. horizontal load.
  • the upright columns can be made of prefabricated pipe piles, or I-beam steel, or square steel, or round steel, or cast-in-place reinforced concrete piles, and the cross beams can be made of reinforced concrete beams. Or I-beam square steel.
  • the photovoltaic panel assembly 100 is disposed between the two door-shaped frames 201 through a mounting cable 500, and both ends of the mounting cable 500 are respectively connected to the on the beams of the two portal frames 201.
  • the installation cable includes an upper installation cable. and the lower mounting cable, the upper mounting cable and the lower mounting cable are arranged horizontally, and there is a height difference between the upper mounting cable and the lower mounting cable.
  • the two ends of the lower mounting cable can be directly connected to the beam, and at the same time, the two ends of the upper mounting cable can be connected to a protruding fixed structure on the beam, etc.
  • the flexible photovoltaic bracket 200 includes at least one span.
  • the span of the photovoltaic power generation bracket system is determined by the string of photovoltaic panel components and can be adapted to spans from 10m to 1000m.
  • the lengths of the spans included can be the same or different, wherein each span can be the same or different.
  • the length of the span that is, the distance between two adjacent door-shaped frames, may range from 5 to 50 m. Specifically, it may be determined based on the latitude and terrain conditions where the photovoltaic power generation support system is located.
  • the distance between photovoltaic panel assemblies in different rows is also determined based on the latitude and terrain conditions where the photovoltaic power generation support system is located.
  • the adjustable cable 300 is used to provide upward return force. Under the action of the self-weight of the photovoltaic power generation support system and the positive wind, the two sides of the adjustable cable 300 generate tension to provide an upward reverse resultant force at the node. As shown in FIG. 2 , the two ends of the adjustment cable 300 are respectively connected to the tops of the columns of two adjacent door-shaped structures 201 , and the adjustment cable 300 deviates downward to form an arc-shaped structure.
  • anchors are provided at both ends of the adjustment cable 300 so that the tension of the adjustment cable can be adjusted through the telescopic adjustment function of the anchor.
  • at least one first force-bearing node 301 is provided on the adjustable cable 300, and the distance between each first force-bearing node 301 may be equal or unequal.
  • the stabilizing cable 400 is used to provide a downward return force. When subjected to negative wind pressure, both sides of the stabilizing cable 400 generate tension to provide a downward reverse resultant force at the node. As shown in FIG. 2 , both ends of the stabilizing cable 400 are respectively connected to the middle sections of the columns of two adjacent door-shaped structures 201 , and the stabilizing cable 400 deviates upward to form an arc-shaped structure. In one embodiment of the present invention, both ends of the stabilizing cable 400 are connected to the cable guide device on the column, so that the stabilizing cable 400 in the entire photovoltaic power generation bracket system is integrated.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a cable guide device of a photovoltaic power generation support system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG.
  • the cable guide device can change the extending direction of the stabilizing cable 400 .
  • anchors are also provided at both ends of the stabilizing cable 400, so that The tension of the stabilizing cable is adjusted through the telescopic adjustment function of the anchor.
  • the stabilizing cable 400 is provided with at least one second force-bearing node 401, and the second force-bearing node 401 and the first force-bearing node 301 are aligned in the vertical direction.
  • the stabilizing cable 400, the adjusting cable 300 and the installation cable 500 are connected through a support truss 304 to transmit loads.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of a support truss of a photovoltaic power generation support system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the support truss 304 is in a "Y" shape. Among them, both ends of the "
  • the angle ⁇ of the adjustable cable 300 at any first stress node 301 is less than 180 degrees.
  • the self-weight of the photovoltaic power generation support system and the positive wind form a downward force.
  • the force below is transmitted downward through the support truss 304.
  • tension is generated on both sides of the adjustment cable 300 to provide an upward reverse resultant force at the first stress node 301, and the stability
  • the included angle ⁇ of the cable 400 at any second stress node 401 is less than 180 degrees.
  • tension is generated on both sides of the stabilizing cable 400 and the second force-bearing node 401 is connected to the stabilizing cable 400 .
  • the force node 401 provides a downward reverse resultant force.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a schematic diagram of the adjustment and transmission force of a photovoltaic power generation bracket system under downward load and positive wind and a schematic diagram of the adjustment and transmission force when negative wind acts on a photovoltaic power generation support system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the "V" portions of the support truss 304 are connected to the upper and lower mounting cables respectively.
  • the upper mounting cable is provided with a third force node 511 at a position corresponding to the first force node
  • the lower mounting cable is provided with a third force node 511 at a position corresponding to the first force node.
  • the fourth stress node 521, the top end of the “V” part of the support truss 304 is connected to the third stress node 511 and the fourth stress node 521 respectively.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the installation position of the mounting cable of a photovoltaic power generation bracket system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 7, when the "V" part of the support truss 304 is symmetrical relative to its "I" part, that is, When , the above conditions can be satisfied. At this time, there are:
  • x 1 is the horizontal distance between the fourth stressed node and the corresponding first stressed node
  • x 2 is the horizontal distance between the third force-bearing node and the corresponding first force-bearing node
  • h is the vertical distance between the fourth stressed node and the corresponding first stressed node
  • L is the distance between the fourth force-bearing node and the corresponding third force-bearing node
  • ⁇ is the angle between the photovoltaic panel assembly and the horizontal plane.
  • the stabilizing cable and the adjusting cable may share a section of cable in the mid-span horizontal section, that is, at least one second stress node 401 disposed in the middle section of the stabilizing cable 400 and the corresponding The first stress node 301 coincides.
  • anchoring points 202 are also provided.
  • the anchor points 202 are provided at both ends of the flexible photovoltaic bracket and are connected to the portal frames 201 at both ends through anchoring diagonal tie rods 221, thereby being able to bear the vertical load, dead weight, etc. transmitted by the anchor diagonal tie rods 221. load and wind load.
  • the anchor points may be, for example, pillars, anchor piles, etc. that are completely or partially buried underground.
  • the stabilizing cable of the flexible photovoltaic bracket is a whole, and its direction is adjusted by the cable guide device on the column to form an arc-shaped structure in each span.
  • Both ends of the stabilizing cable are connected to At the top of the anchor point, and through the cable guide device, the angle ⁇ between the two ends of the stabilizing cable and the horizontal plane can be adjusted.
  • the total area Av of the photovoltaic panel assembly between two adjacent door-shaped frames, the angle ⁇ between the photovoltaic panel assembly and the horizontal plane, and the allowable stress [ ⁇ ] of the stabilizing cable can be used.
  • the cross-sectional area As of the stabilizing cable, the air density ⁇ and the typical wind speed v 0 in statistical probability determine the angle ⁇ :
  • FIG 8 shows a flow chart of an installation method of a photovoltaic power generation bracket system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an installation method of a photovoltaic power generation bracket system includes:
  • step 801 the uprights are installed. Install the portal frame and side span pillars according to the preset span;
  • the mounting cable is installed.
  • the initial The pulling force is 20-50KN;
  • step 803 the profile cables and support trusses are installed. Connect the adjustment cable to the portal frame, and install a support truss between the installation cable and the stress-bearing node of the adjustment cable;
  • step 804 the photovoltaic panel assembly is installed. Install the photovoltaic panel module on the installation cable, specifically, install it on the upper installation cable and the lower installation cable. At this time, a certain downward deflection will occur;
  • step 805 the shaping cable is adjusted.
  • the tension of the adjustment cable is adjusted until the upper deflection of the photovoltaic panel assembly reaches the preset deflection, so that the photovoltaic panel assembly exhibits a certain reverse arching upward deflection.
  • the preset deflection value range is 1/300 to 1/150;
  • the stabilizing cables are installed. Install a stabilizing cable, and adjust the tension of the stabilizing cable through the telescopic adjustment function of the anchors at both ends of the stabilizing cable, so that the stabilizing cable generates a certain downward pulling force until the photovoltaic panel assembly is in a horizontal state.
  • the installation cables, adjustment cables and stabilizing cables all have pre-tension force. It is horizontal when there is no wind load. When there is a positive wind load, the tension of the adjustment cable increases to resist the downward external force from the support truss. When there is a negative wind load, the tension of the stabilizing cable increases to resist the downward external force from the support truss. upward external force.
  • the adjusting cable and the stabilizing cable can share the horizontal section of the cable in the mid-span.
  • the adjusting cable When the cable is acted upon by positive wind pressure, the adjusting cable is in a higher stress state and the stabilizing cable is in an initial tension state.
  • the stabilizing cable When there is a back wind, the stabilizing cable should be in a high stress state, and the adjustment cable should be in a relaxed state except for the common section in the middle. Sharing the middle section can reduce the occupation of the space under the board by the cable system, that is, the adjusting cable and the stabilizing cable, so that there is more operating space under the board for planting, breeding and other operations.

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Abstract

本发明公开一种光伏发电支架系统，包括光伏板组件以及柔性光伏支架，柔性光伏支架用于承载光伏板组件。柔性光伏支架包括至少一跨，且每跨包括调形索及稳定索。其中，调形索用于在受到向第一方向的第一作用力时提供与第一方向相反的第二方向上的反向合力以抵消第一作用力，稳定索用于在受到与第二方向的第二作用力时提供第一方向上的反向合力以抵消第二作用力。

Description

一种光伏发电支架系统及其安装方法 技术领域
本发明涉及光伏发电技术领域，特别涉及一种光伏发电支架系统及其安装方法。
背景技术
近年来，光伏发电技术发展迅速，这就使得优质的项目用地资源被快速消耗。为了满足日益旺盛的市场需求，同时节省投资成本，利用荒漠、山地丘陵、潮间带、水池上空等非优质项目用地建设集中式光伏电站成为光伏发电领域的主要发展趋势。
为了适应这类复杂的地势及安装环境，大跨度的柔性光伏支架获得了越来越多的关注和应用。大跨度柔性支架系统一方面可以使其下的空间得到充分利用，另一方面其用钢量和投入成本较低，所以是一项迅速发展中的技术。
光伏组件支架结构承受的荷载主要包括材料自重、各个方向的风荷载以和积雪荷载，以及地震荷载。所述荷载通过光伏板、支架层层向下传递，且其方向可能向下、向上或与水平方向呈一定角度。为了能够较好地承受所述荷载，现有的柔性支架多采用单层索结构体系与刚性框架/桁架组合，部分柔性支架则设置有两层索结构体系，以更好地承受向下的荷载。
现有的柔性支架虽然可以较好地承受组件的竖向重力荷载及雪荷载，但对于负风压的承受能力较差，而负风压往往会引起柔性支架整体结构的显著振动，进而使得柔性支架及光伏板组件在外力作用下受到破坏。
发明内容
针对现有技术的部分或全部问题，本发明一方面提供一种光伏发电支架系统，包括：
光伏板组件；以及
柔性光伏支架，用于承载所述光伏板组件，包括至少一跨，其中每跨包括：
两个门形框架，每个门形结构包括立柱及横梁，所述光伏板组件设置于所述两个门形框架之间；
调形索，其两端分别连接至所述两个门形结构的立柱的顶端，且所述调形索向下偏离形成弧形结构；以及
稳定索，其两端分别连接至所述两个门形结构的立柱的中段，且所述稳定索向上偏离形成弧形结构。
进一步地，光伏板组件通过安装索设置于所述两个门形框架之间，所述安装索的两端分别连接至所述两个门形框架的横梁上。
进一步地，所述安装索包括上安装索及下安装索，所述安装索水平布置，且所述上安装索及下安装索之间存在高度差，使得所述光伏板组件与水平面之间形成夹角γ。
进一步地，所述调形索上设置有至少一个第一受力节点，安装时，所述调形索在所述第一受力节点处的夹角α小于180度，在受到外力时，所述夹角的两边索提供反力；
所述稳定索上设置有至少一个第二受力节点，安装时所述稳定索在所述第二受力节点处的夹角β小于180度，且所述第二受力节点通过支撑桁架与所述第一受力节点一一对应连接；以及
所述上安装索包括至少一个第三受力节点，以及所述下安装索包括至少一个第四受力节点，所述第三受力节点及第四受力节点均通过支撑桁架与所述第一受力节点一一对应连接。
进一步地，设置于所述稳定索的中段的至少一个第二受力节点与对应的第一受力节点重合。
进一步地，所述主体结构还包括锚固点，其设置于所述柔性光伏支架的两端，且通过锚固斜拉杆与两端的门形框架连接。
进一步地，所述柔性光伏支架的稳定索为一整体，其通过立柱上的拉索导向装置调整方向在一跨中形成弧形结构，所述稳定索的两端连接至所述锚固点的顶端，且所述稳定索的两端与水平面形成夹角θ。
进一步地，所述夹角θ由相邻的两个门形框架之间的光伏板组件的总面积Av、夹角γ、稳定索的容许应力[σ]、稳定索的截面面积As确定。
进一步地，所述立柱为预制管桩、或工字钢、或方形钢、或圆钢、 或现浇钢筋混凝土桩柱制成；和/或
所述横梁为钢筋混凝土梁或工字钢方钢制成。
进一步地，所述光伏发电支架系统的总跨度范围为10m至500m，且每跨的距离为5至50m不等。
本发明另一方面提供如前所述的光伏发电支架系统的安装方法，包括：
根据计算得到的安装位置安装上安装索及下安装索，并施加指定大小的初始拉力使得所述上安装索及下安装索呈水平状态；
安装调形索以及支撑桁架；
将光伏板组件安装于上安装索及下安装索上；
调整所述调形索的拉力直至所述光伏板组件的上挠度达到预设挠度；以及
安装稳定索，并调整所述稳定索的拉力直至所述光伏板组件呈水平状态。
本发明提供的一种光伏发电支架系统及其安装方法，通过在光伏板组件的板下设置提供向上反力的调形索以及提供向下反力的稳定索来保持在不同来风作用下结构的平稳性。使得所述光伏发电支架系统既能抵抗自重和雪压等垂向荷载，又能抵抗正向风压和负向风压，使其在日常运行中能保持水平状态，在遭受过大风荷载时又能保持较小变形，大大提高了结构的水平稳定性，减小了过大振动导致的构件疲劳。
附图说明
为进一步阐明本发明的各实施例的以上和其它优点和特征，将参考附图来呈现本发明的各实施例的更具体的描述。可以理解，这些附图只描绘本发明的典型实施例，因此将不被认为是对其范围的限制。在附图中，为了清楚明了，相同或相应的部件将用相同或类似的标记表示。
图1示出现有技术中大跨度光伏支架的结构示意图；
图2示出本发明一个实施例的一种光伏发电支架系统的结构示意图；
图3示出本发明一个实施例的一种光伏发电支架系统的向下荷载及正向风作用时的调传力示意图；
图4示出本发明一个实施例的一种光伏发电支架系统的负向风作用 时的调传力示意图；
图5示出本发明一个实施例的一种光伏发电支架系统的支撑桁架的结构示意图；
图6示出本发明一个实施例的一种光伏发电支架系统的拉索导向装置的结构示意图；
图7示出本发明一个实施例的一种光伏发电支架系统的安装索的安装位置示意图；以及
图8示出本发明一个实施例的一种光伏发电支架系统的安装方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下的描述中，参考各实施例对本发明进行描述。然而，本领域的技术人员将认识到可在没有一个或多个特定细节的情况下或者与其它替换和/或附加方法、材料或组件一起实施各实施例。在其它情形中，未示出或未详细描述公知的结构、材料或操作以免模糊本发明的发明点。类似地，为了解释的目的，阐述了特定数量、材料和配置，以便提供对本发明的实施例的全面理解。然而，本发明并不限于这些特定细节。此外，应理解附图中示出的各实施例是说明性表示且不一定按正确比例绘制。
在本说明书中，对“一个实施例”或“该实施例”的引用意味着结合该实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性被包括在本发明的至少一个实施例中。在本说明书各处中出现的短语“在一个实施例中”并不一定全部指代同一实施例。
需要说明的是，本发明的实施例以特定顺序对工艺步骤进行描述，然而这只是为了阐述该具体实施例，而不是限定各步骤的先后顺序。相反，在本发明的不同实施例中，可根据工艺的调节来调整各步骤的先后顺序。
在本申请中，术语“负风压”是指风作用于组件下面，形成向上的托举力。在本发明的实施例中，所述光伏板组件沿东西向延伸，且面向南，因此，在本申请中，术语“正向风压”是指南向来风，以及术语“负向风压”是指北向来风。
图1示出现有技术中大跨度光伏支架的结构示意图。如图1所示， 现有的大跨度光伏支架主要包括刚性框架001、安装索002、调形索003以及索间支撑桁架004。光伏板组件安装于所述安装索002上。在所述调形索003的作用下，所述大跨度光伏支架能够较好地承受所述光伏板组件的竖向重力荷载及雪荷载，但所述调形索003只能承受受拉作用，而承受负风压的能力只能依靠所述安装索002自身的预拉力，但是，当所述安装索施加了较大的预应力时，会产生过大的向上挠度，进而加大索本身的拉力。为了解决这一问题，增强光伏支架对于风向风压的抵抗能力，以避免风荷载及风压带来索结构体系的显著振动，进而避免支架及光伏板组件等结构在外力作用下受到破坏，本发明提供一种光伏发电支架系统，其通过在板下设置提供向上反力的调形索和提供向下反力的稳定索以保持在不同来风作用下结构的平稳性。具体而言，所述调形索用于在受到向第一方向的第一作用力时提供与第一方向相反的第二方向上的反向合力以抵消第一作用力；以及所述稳定索用于在受到与第二方向的第二作用力时提供第一方向上的反向合力以抵消第二作用力。在本实用新型的实施例中，所述第一方向是指正向风向，也可理解为垂直于光伏板组件向下的方向，以及第二方向指反向风向，也可理解为垂直于光伏板组件向上的方向。
下面结合实施例附图，对本发明的方案作进一步描述。
图2示出本发明一个实施例的一种光伏发电支架系统的结构示意图。如图2所示，一种光伏发电支架系统，包括多排光伏板组件100以及柔性光伏支架。其中，所述光伏板组件100安装于所述柔性光伏支架上，并通过调形索300以及稳定索400分别承担向下及向上的荷载。
所述柔性光伏支架东西向延伸，记为一排。不同排之间的柔性光伏支架可以通过桁架连接，如图5所示。所述柔性光伏支架包括至少两个门形框架201，所述光伏板组件100安装在相邻的两个门形框架201之间。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述门形框架201由两根立柱及一根横梁组成，其可以承受两个相邻跨度索体的荷载，合成后主要形成竖向荷载及水平风力作用下的水平荷载。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述立柱可以采用预制管桩、或工字钢、或方形钢、或圆钢、或现浇钢筋混凝土桩柱制成，所述横梁则可采用钢筋混凝土梁或工字钢方钢制成。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述光伏板组件100通过安装索500设置于所述两个门形框架201之间，所述安装索500的两端分别连接至所 述两个门形框架201的横梁上。为保证所述光伏板组件100能够充分接受日照，所述光伏板组件100与水平面之间通常存在一个夹角γ，为此，在本发明的一个实施例中，所述安装索包括上安装索及下安装索，所述上安装索及下安装索均水平布置，且所述上安装索及下安装索之间存在高度差。具体而言，例如可将所述下安装索的两端直接连接至所述横梁上，同时，将所述上安装索的两端连接至所述横梁上突起的固定结构上等。
相邻的两个门形框架形成一跨，所述柔性光伏支架200包括至少一跨。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述光伏发电支架系统的跨度由光伏板组件串确定，可适应从10m至1000m的跨度，同时，其包括的各跨的长度可以相同或不同，其中，每跨的长度，即相邻两个门形框架之间的距离可以为5至50m不等，具体而言，可以根据所述光伏发电支架系统所在地的纬度及地形条件确定。此外，在本发明的又一个实施例中，不同排、即南北向的光伏板组件之间的距离同样根据所述光伏发电支架系统所在地的纬度及地形条件确定。
所述调形索300用于提供向上返力，所述光伏发电支架系统的自重及正向风作用下，所述调形索300的两侧产生拉力从而在节点处提供向上的反向合力。如图2所示，所述调形索300的两端分别连接至相邻两个门形结构201的立柱的顶端，且所述调形索300向下偏离形成弧形结构。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述调形索300的两端还设置有锚具，进而可以通过所述锚具的伸缩调节功能调整调节索的拉力。在本发明的又一个实施例中，所述调形索300上设置有至少一个第一受力节点301，各个第一受力节点301之间的距离可以相等或不等。
所述稳定索400用于提供向下返力，在受到负向风压时，所述稳定索400的两侧产生拉力从而在节点处提供向下的反向合力。如图2所示，所述稳定索400的两端分别连接至相邻两个门形结构201的立柱的中段，且所述稳定索400向上偏离形成弧形结构。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述稳定索400的两端连接至所述立柱上的拉索导向装置中，进而使得整个光伏发电支架系统中的稳定索400为一整体。图6示出本发明一个实施例的一种光伏发电支架系统的拉索导向装置的结构示意图。如图6所示，所述拉索导向装置可以转变所述稳定索400的延伸方向。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述稳定索400的两端还设置有锚具，进而可 以通过所述锚具的伸缩调节功能调整稳定索的拉力。在本发明的又一个实施例中，所述稳定索400上设置有至少一个第二受力节点401，所述第二受力节点401与所述第一受力节点301在竖直方向上一一对应。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述稳定索400、调形索300以及安装索500之间通过支撑桁架304连接，并传递荷载。图5示出本发明一个实施例的一种光伏发电支架系统的支撑桁架的结构示意图。如图5所示，所述支撑桁架304为“Y”字形。其中，“|”部的两端分别与所述第二受力节点401及相应的第一受力节点301连接，进而实现荷载的传递。具体而言，所述调形索300在任一第一受力节点301处的夹角α均小于180度，所述光伏发电支架系统的自重及正向风形成向下的作用力，所述向下的作用力通过所述支撑桁架304向下传力，此时所述调形索300的两侧产生拉力从而在所述第一受力节点301处提供向上的反向合力，而所述稳定索400在任一第二受力节点401处的夹角β均小于180度，当收到负向风压等向上的作用力时，所述稳定索400的两侧产生拉力从而在所述第二受力节点401处提供向下的反向合力。图3及图4分贝示出本发明一个实施例的一种光伏发电支架系统的向下荷载及正向风作用时的调传力示意图以及负向风作用时的调传力示意图。
所述支撑桁架304的“V”部则分别连接至上安装索及下安装索。具体而言，所述上安装索对应于所述第一受力节点的位置还设置有第三受力节点511，以及所述下安装索对应于所述第一受力节点的位置则设置有第四受力节点521，所述支撑桁架304的“V”部的顶端分别与所述第三受力节点511及第四受力节点521连接。为了使得光伏板组件在自重的柔性支撑条件下不会产生水平位移，就需要使得所述支撑桁架304在有第三受力节点511及第四受力点521处水平向的分力一样，即所述上安装索及下安装索的安装位置需要满足一定的条件。图7示出本发明一个实施例的一种光伏发电支架系统的安装索的安装位置示意图。如图7所示，当所述支撑桁架304的“V”部相对于其“I”部对称，即时，可满足上述条件，此时有：

其中，
x1为所述第四受力节点与对应的第一受力节点之间的水平距离；
x2为所述第三受力节点与对应的第一受力节点之间的水平距离；
h为所述第四受力节点与对应的第一受力节点之间的垂直距离；
L为所述第四受力节点与对应的第三受力节点之间的距离；以及
γ为所述光伏板组件与水平面之间的夹角。
在本发明的又一个实施例中，所述稳定索与调形索在跨中水平段可以共用一段拉索，即设置于所述稳定索400的中段的至少一个第二受力节点401与对应的第一受力节点301重合。
为了更好地承受荷载，在本发明的一个实施例中，还设置有锚固点202。所述锚固点202设置于所述柔性光伏支架的两端，且通过锚固斜拉杆221与两端的门形框架201连接，进而可以承担所述锚固斜拉杆221传递的斜向荷载、自重等竖向荷载及风载等水平荷载。其中，所述锚固点例如可以为完全或部分埋设于地下的支柱、锚固桩等。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述柔性光伏支架的稳定索为一整体，其通过立柱上的拉索导向装置调整方向在各跨中形成弧形结构，所述稳定索的两端连接至所述锚固点的顶端，且通过拉索导向装置，可以调节所述稳定索的两端与水平面之间的夹角θ。在本发明的一个实施例中，可以根据相邻的两个门形框架之间的光伏板组件的总面积Av、所述光伏板组件与水平面的夹角γ、稳定索的容许应力[σ]、稳定索的截面面积As、空气密度ρ及统计概率上典型风速v0确定所述夹角θ：
图8示出本发明一个实施例的一种光伏发电支架系统的安装方法的流程图。如图8所示，一种光伏发电支架系统的安装方法包括：
首先，在步骤801，安装立柱。根据预设的跨度安装门形框架及边跨支柱；
接下来，在步骤802，安装安装索。按照如前所述的计算方法，确定上安装索及下安装索的安装位置并进行安装，然后施加指定大小的初始拉力使得所述上安装索及下安装索呈水平状态，通常，所述初始拉力大小为20-50KN；
接下来，在步骤803，安装调形索以及支撑桁架。将调形索连接至门形框架上，并在所述安装索与调形索的受力节点之间安装支撑桁架；
接下来，在步骤804，安装光伏板组件。将光伏板组件安装于所述安装索上，具体而言，是将其安装于上安装索及下安装索上，此时，会产生一定下挠；
接下来，在步骤805，调节调形索。通过所述调形索两端的锚具的伸缩调节功能，调整所述调形索的拉力直至所述光伏板组件的上挠度达到预设挠度，使得所述光伏板组件呈一定反拱上挠，其中，预设挠度取值范围为1/300至1/150；以及
最后，在步骤806，安装稳定索。安装稳定索，并通过所述稳定索两端的锚具的伸缩调节功能调整所述稳定索的拉力，使稳定索产生一定向下拉力，直至所述光伏板组件呈水平状态。
至此完成光伏发电支架系统的安装，此时所述安装索、调形索及稳定索均有预拉力。在无风荷载作用时呈水平，有正向风荷载作用时调形索拉力增大抵抗支撑桁架上传来的向下的外力，有负向风荷载作用时稳定索拉力增大抵抗支撑桁架上传来的向上的外力。
调形索与稳定索在跨中水平一段拉索可共用，拉索在有正向风压作用时调形索处于较高受力状态，稳定索处于初始拉力状态。在有背向风作用时稳定索拉应处于较高受力状态，调形索除中段共同段外其余处于松驰状态。中段共用可减小拉索系统，即调形索、稳定索，对板下空间的占用，使板下可以有更多的操作空间进行种植养殖及其他作业。
尽管上文描述了本发明的各实施例，但是，应该理解，它们只是作为示例来呈现的，而不作为限制。对于相关领域的技术人员显而易见的是，可以对其做出各种组合、变型和改变而不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此，此处所公开的本发明的宽度和范围不应被上述所公开的示例性实施例所限制，而应当仅根据所附权利要求书及其等同替换来定义。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种光伏发电支架系统，其特征在于，包括：
    光伏板组件；以及
    柔性光伏支架，其被配置为承载所述光伏板组件，所述柔性光伏支架包括至少一跨，其中每跨包括：
    调形索，其被配置为在受到向第一方向的第一作用力时提供与第一方向相反的第二方向上的反向合力以抵消第一作用力；以及
    稳定索，其被配置为受到与第二方向的第二作用力时提供第一方向上的反向合力以抵消第二作用力。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光伏发电支架系统，其特征在于，每跨还包括：
    两个门形框架，其中每个门形框架包括立柱及横梁，所述光伏板组件设置于所述两个门形框架之间。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的光伏发电支架系统，其特征在于:
    所述调形索的两端分别连接至所述两个门形框架的立柱的顶端，且所述调形索向下偏离形成弧形结构；以及
    所述稳定索的两端分别连接至所述两个门形框架的立柱的中段，且所述稳定索向上偏离形成弧形结构。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的光伏发电支架系统，其特征在于，所述光伏板组件通过安装索设置于所述两个门形框架之间，所述安装索的两端分别连接至所述两个门形框架的横梁上。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的光伏发电支架系统，其特征在于，所述安装索包括上安装索及下安装索，所述安装索水平布置，且所述上安装索及下安装索之间存在高度差，使得所述光伏板组件与水平面之间形成夹角γ。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的光伏发电支架系统，其特征在于，所述调形 索上设置有至少一个第一受力节点，安装时所述调形索在所述第一受力节点处的夹角小于180度，在受到外力作用时所述夹角的两边索提供反力；
    所述稳定索上设置有至少一个第二受力节点，安装时所述稳定索在所述第二受力节点处的夹角小于180度，且所述第二受力节点通过支撑桁架与所述第一受力节点一一对应连接；以及
    所述上安装索包括至少一个第三受力节点，以及所述下安装索包括至少一个第四受力节点，所述第三受力节点及第四受力节点均通过支撑桁架与所述第一受力节点一一对应连接。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的光伏发电支架系统，其特征在于，设置于所述稳定索的中段的至少一个第二受力节点与对应的第一受力节点重合。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的光伏发电支架系统，其特征在于，所述调形索与上安装索及下安装索的安装位置满足：

    其中，
    x1为所述第四受力节点与对应的第一受力节点之间的水平距离；
    x2为所述第三受力节点与对应的第一受力节点之间的水平距离；
    h为所述第四受力节点与对应的第一受力节点之间的垂直距离；
    L为所述第四受力节点与对应的第三受力节点之间的距离；以及
    γ为所述光伏板组件与水平面之间的夹角。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的光伏发电支架系统，其特征在于，所述柔性光伏支架还包括边跨锚固点，其设置于所述柔性光伏支架的两端，且通过锚固斜拉杆与两端的门形框架连接。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的光伏发电支架系统，其特征在于，所述柔性光伏支架的稳定索为一整体，其通过立柱上的拉索导向装置调整方向在各跨中形成弧形结构，所述稳定索的两端连接至所述锚固点的顶端， 且所述稳定索的两端与水平面之间存在夹角θ。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的光伏发电支架系统，其特征在于，所述夹角θ由相邻的两个门形框架之间的光伏板组件的总面积Av、所述光伏板组件与水平面的夹角γ、稳定索的容许应力[σ]、稳定索的截面面积As确定：
    其中，ρ为空气密度，v0为统计概率上典型风速。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的光伏发电支架系统，其特征在于，所述立柱为预制管桩、或工字钢、或方形钢、或圆钢、或现浇钢筋混凝土桩柱制成；和/或
    所述横梁为钢筋混凝土梁或工字钢方钢制成。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的光伏发电支架系统，其特征在于，所述光伏发电支架系统的总跨度范围为10m至1000m，且每跨的距离为5至50m不等。
  14. 一种光伏发电支架系统的安装方法，其特征在于，包括：
    根据计算得到的安装位置安装上安装索及下安装索，并施加指定大小的初始拉力使得所述上安装索及下安装索呈水平状态；
    安装调形索及支撑桁架；
    将光伏板组件安装于所述上安装索及下安装索上，并调整所述调形索的拉力直至所述光伏板组件的上挠度达到预设值；以及
    安装稳定索，并调整所述稳定索的拉力直至所述光伏板组件呈水平状态。
PCT/CN2023/081568 2022-03-30 2023-03-15 一种光伏发电支架系统及其安装方法 Ceased WO2023185470A1 (zh)

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