WO2023169587A1 - 轻量化变截面车厢及车辆 - Google Patents

轻量化变截面车厢及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023169587A1
WO2023169587A1 PCT/CN2023/081186 CN2023081186W WO2023169587A1 WO 2023169587 A1 WO2023169587 A1 WO 2023169587A1 CN 2023081186 W CN2023081186 W CN 2023081186W WO 2023169587 A1 WO2023169587 A1 WO 2023169587A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thickness
plate
panel
top plate
section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2023/081186
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李书福
Original Assignee
浙江吉利控股集团有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202210242897.3A external-priority patent/CN114802490A/zh
Priority claimed from CN202220538775.4U external-priority patent/CN217100216U/zh
Application filed by 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司 filed Critical 浙江吉利控股集团有限公司
Priority to EP23766164.0A priority Critical patent/EP4403440A1/en
Publication of WO2023169587A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023169587A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
    • B61D17/08—Sides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D33/00—Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles
    • B62D33/02—Platforms; Open load compartments
    • B62D33/023—Sideboard or tailgate structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D33/00—Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles
    • B62D33/04—Enclosed load compartments ; Frameworks for movable panels, tarpaulins or side curtains

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a lightweight variable-section carriage and a vehicle having the carriage.
  • the weight of the carriage of the truck is too large, and the weight of the carriage accounts for a high proportion of the total weight of the whole vehicle. It does not meet the current demand for lightweight trucks. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out lightweight design of the carriage of the truck to reduce the overall quality of the truck. , thereby reducing vehicle fuel consumption and increasing cargo capacity.
  • the present invention aims to provide a lightweight variable-section carriage and vehicle to solve the problem that the existing truck carriage is too heavy and affects the vehicle's fuel consumption and cargo capacity.
  • the present invention provides a lightweight variable-section carriage.
  • the carriage at least has a bottom plate and two side plates.
  • the two side plates are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the bottom plate.
  • the two side plates have a variable-section structure. , the thickness of the bottom of the side plate is greater than the thickness of the top.
  • the thickness of the side plate gradually decreases from the bottom toward the top.
  • the bottom plate has a variable cross-section structure, and the thickness of the middle part of the bottom plate is greater than the thickness of its left and right sides.
  • the thickness of the bottom plate gradually decreases from the middle toward its left and right sides.
  • a plurality of cross beams are provided on the lower surface of the bottom plate, and the thickness of the cross beams gradually decreases from the middle toward its left and right ends.
  • the lower surface of the bottom plate is further provided with a plurality of longitudinal beams, and each longitudinal beam is provided with a plurality of weight-reducing holes distributed along its length direction.
  • the carriage further includes a roof panel, the thickness of the left and right sides of the roof panel is greater than the thickness of the middle thereof.
  • the thickness of the top plate gradually decreases from the left and right sides toward the middle thereof.
  • the carriage further includes a front panel, the bottom of the front panel is thicker than the top of the front panel.
  • the thickness of the front panel gradually decreases from the bottom toward the top.
  • the carriage further includes a rear panel, the thickness of the bottom of the rear panel is greater than the thickness of the top thereof.
  • the thickness of the back panel gradually decreases from the bottom toward the top.
  • the two side panels are a left side panel and a right side panel respectively.
  • the carriage also includes a roof panel.
  • the roof panel is formed by splicing a left roof panel and a right roof panel. The left roof panel and the left roof panel are spliced together.
  • the tops of the side panels are rotatably connected, the right top panel is rotatably connected to the tops of the right side panels, and both the left top panel and the right top panel can rotate and transform between a horizontal state and a vertical state;
  • the left top plate and the right top plate are both rotated to a horizontal state, the left top plate and the right top plate are spliced to each other to form the top plate;
  • the left top plate is rotated to a vertical position, the left top plate overlaps with the upper half of the left side plate;
  • the right top plate is rotated to a vertical state, the right top plate overlaps the upper half of the right side plate.
  • the thickness of the lower half of the side panel is uniform, the thickness of the upper half of the side panel gradually decreases from bottom to top, and the thickness of the left top panel gradually decreases from left to right. , the thickness of the right top plate gradually decreases from right to left.
  • the thickness of the lower half of the side panel is uniform and has a first thickness
  • the thickness of the upper half of the side panel is uniform and has a second thickness
  • the left top panel and the right top panel The thickness is uniform and has a third thickness
  • the second thickness and the third thickness are both smaller than the first thickness
  • the sum of the second thickness and the third thickness is equal to the first thickness
  • the left top panel when the left top panel is rotated to an upright position and overlaps the upper half of the left side panel, the left top panel and the left side panel are combined to form a complete rectangular side panel structure.
  • the right top plate When the right top plate is rotated to a vertical position and overlaps the upper half of the right side plate, the right top plate and the right side plate are combined to form a complete rectangular side plate structure.
  • the carriage further includes a roof panel, and the roof panel is waterproof canvas or a thin plate.
  • the carriage when the top panel is waterproof canvas, the carriage further includes two fixing plates, and the two fixing plates are respectively installed on the tops of the outer surfaces of the two side panels, each of the Fixing pieces are provided on the fixing plate, and the left and right sides of the top plate are respectively fixed to the fixing pieces on the two fixing plates.
  • the carriage when the roof is a thin plate, the carriage further includes a detachable reinforcing member, the reinforcing member has a first installation state and a second installation state, and the reinforcing member is in the first
  • the inner surface installed on the upper end of the side panel in the installation state is used to reinforce the strength of the side panel.
  • the reinforcing member is installed on the inner surface of the top panel in the second installation state to reinforce the top panel. Strength of.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle, including the above-mentioned lightweight variable-section carriage.
  • the lightweight variable-section carriage provided by the embodiment of the present invention is based on the idea of "equal strength" and the material thickness is designed as needed. Under the condition of meeting the load-bearing strength requirements, a variable-section design is adopted for the carriage to maximize weight reduction and realize the load-bearing strength of the truck.
  • the weight-saving and lightweight structural design effectively reduces vehicle fuel consumption and increases cargo capacity.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a lightweight variable-section carriage in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lightweight variable-section carriage along line A-A in Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the lightweight variable-section carriage along line B-B in Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the side panel of the lightweight variable-section carriage in Figure 1.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic bottom perspective view of the lightweight variable-section carriage in Figure 1.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the crossbeam in Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the longitudinal beam in Figure 5.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the first state of the lightweight variable-section carriage in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the second state of the lightweight variable-section carriage in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the first state of the lightweight variable-section carriage in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the second state of the lightweight variable-section carriage in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of a lightweight variable-section carriage in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view of the lightweight variable-section carriage along line C-C according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the first state of the lightweight variable-section carriage in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the second state of the lightweight variable-section carriage in the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • one embodiment of the present invention provides a lightweight variable-section carriage 10.
  • the carriage 10 has at least a bottom plate 11 and two side plates 12.
  • the two side plates 12 are respectively provided on the bottom plate 11.
  • the two side plates 12 On the left and right sides, the two side plates 12 have a variable cross-section structure, in which the thickness of the bottom of the side plates 12 is greater than the thickness of the top.
  • the thickness of the side plate 12 gradually decreases from the bottom toward the top thereof.
  • the bottom plate 11 also has a variable cross-section structure, in which the thickness of the middle part of the bottom plate 11 is greater than the thickness of its left and right sides.
  • the thickness of the bottom plate 11 gradually decreases from the middle toward its left and right sides.
  • the carriage 10 also includes a roof 13.
  • the roof 13 also has a variable cross-section structure, wherein the thickness of the left and right sides of the roof 13 is greater than the thickness of the middle thereof.
  • the thickness of the top plate 13 gradually decreases from the left and right sides toward the middle thereof.
  • the carriage 10 also includes a front panel 14.
  • the front panel 14 also has a variable cross-section structure, and the thickness of the bottom of the front panel 14 is greater than the thickness of the top.
  • the thickness of the front plate 14 gradually decreases from the bottom toward the top thereof.
  • the carriage 10 also includes a rear panel 15.
  • the rear panel 15 On the basis that the two side panels 12 have a variable cross-section structure, further, the rear panel 15 also has a variable cross-section structure. The thickness of the bottom of the rear panel 15 is greater than the thickness of the top.
  • the thickness of the rear plate 15 gradually decreases from the bottom toward the top thereof.
  • base plate 11 may be a whole plate, or may be assembled from multiple sub-plates through welding or other methods.
  • any one of the above-mentioned side panels 12 , top panel 13 , front panel 14 or rear panel 15 may be a whole panel, or may be assembled from multiple sub-panels through welding or other methods.
  • the front panel 14 can be formed by splicing two sub-panels.
  • the two sub-panels of the front panel 14 are respectively hinged with the two side panels 12, so that each sub-panel of the front panel 14 can be independently rotated and opened for the convenience of personnel. and cargo entering and exiting the interior of the compartment 10.
  • the lightweight variable-section carriage provided in this embodiment is based on the idea of "equal strength" and the material thickness is designed as needed. Under the condition of meeting the load-bearing strength requirements, a variable-section design is adopted for the carriage to maximize weight reduction and realize the weight reduction of the truck.
  • the lightweight structural design effectively reduces vehicle fuel consumption and increases cargo capacity.
  • the thickness of the bottom of the side panel 12, the front panel 14 and the rear panel 15 of the carriage 10 remains unchanged at 20 mm, the thickness of the top of the side panel 12, the front panel 14 and the rear panel 15 decreases.
  • a plurality of longitudinal beams 17 are provided on the lower surface of the base plate 11 .
  • Each longitudinal beam 17 is provided with a plurality of weight-reducing holes 171 distributed along its length direction.
  • the above-mentioned cross beams 16 and longitudinal beams 17 are used to carry the bottom plate 11 and to fix the entire compartment 10 to the frame (not shown) of the truck.
  • the two side panels 12 are respectively a left side panel 121 and a right side panel 122.
  • the left side panel 121 has a lower half 1211 and an upper half 1212.
  • the side panel 122 has a lower half 1221 and an upper half 1222.
  • the top panel 13 is formed by splicing a left top panel 131 and a right top panel 132.
  • the left top panel 131 is rotatably connected to the top of the left panel 121 through a first rotating shaft 181.
  • the right top panel 132 It is rotatably connected to the top of the right side plate 122 through the second rotating shaft 182, and both the left top plate 131 and the right top plate 132 can rotate and transform between a horizontal state and a vertical state; As shown in Figures 8 and 10, when both the left top plate 131 and the right top plate 132 are rotated to a horizontal state, the left top plate 131 and the right top plate 132 are spliced to each other to form the top plate 13; As shown in Figures 9 and 11, when the left top plate 131 is rotated to a vertical position, the left top plate 131 overlaps the upper half 1212 of the left side plate 121; when the right top plate 132 is rotated to a vertical position, the right top plate 132 Overlapping with the upper half 1222 of the right side panel 122 .
  • the thicknesses of the lower half 1211 of the left side panel 121 and the lower half 1221 of the right side panel 122 are uniform, and the upper half 1212 of the left side panel 121 and the right side panel 122 have the same thickness.
  • the thickness of the upper half 1222 gradually decreases from bottom to top, the thickness of the left top plate 131 gradually decreases from left to right, and the thickness of the right top plate 132 gradually decreases from right to left.
  • the thicknesses of the lower half 1211 of the left side panel 121 and the lower half 1221 of the right side panel 122 are uniform and have a first thickness T1
  • the upper half of the left side panel 121 1212 and the upper half 1222 of the right side panel 122 have a uniform thickness and have a second thickness T2
  • the left top panel 131 and the right top panel 132 have a uniform thickness and have a third thickness T3, wherein the second thickness T2 and the third thickness T3 are both less than The first thickness T1, and the sum of the second thickness T2 and the third thickness T3 is equal to the first thickness T1.
  • the top plate 13 is made of waterproof canvas or thin plates, where the thin plates can be made of plastic or composite materials. Among them, the top plate 13 is shown as a waterproof canvas in FIGS. 12 and 13 , and the top plate 13 is shown as a thin plate in FIGS. 14 and 15 .
  • waterproof canvas or thin plates By using waterproof canvas or thin plates as the top panel 13, the weight of the top panel 13 can be significantly reduced.
  • the carriage 10 also includes two fixing plates 191 (only one of the fixing plates 191 is visible in Figure 12).
  • the two fixing plates 191 are respectively installed on two The top of the outer surface of the side panel 12.
  • Each fixed plate 191 is, for example, in the shape of a strip, and is installed on the corresponding side plate 12 along the longitudinal direction of the carriage 10 .
  • Each fixing plate 191 is provided with a fixing piece 192 .
  • the left and right sides of the waterproof canvas used as the top plate 13 are fixed to the fixing members 192 on the two fixing plates 191 respectively.
  • the fixing member 192 is, for example, a fixing hook.
  • the number of the fixing hooks 192 may be multiple, and they are distributed on the fixing plate 191 .
  • the waterproof canvas 13 can be tensioned and fixed to avoid shaking of the waterproof canvas 13 during driving. or fall off.
  • the carriage 10 also includes a detachable reinforcing member 195.
  • the reinforcing member 195 has a first installation state and a second installation state.
  • the reinforcing member 195 is in a third installation state. In one installation state, the inner surface installed on the upper end of the side panel 12 is used to reinforce the strength of the side panel 12 .
  • the reinforcing member 195 is installed on the inner surface of the top panel 13 to reinforce the strength of the top panel 13 .
  • the reinforcing member 195 is detachable.
  • the reinforcing member 195 can be installed on the inner side of the upper end of the side plate 12 .
  • the surface is used to reinforce the side panels 12, as shown in Figure 14; when using the top panel 13 (for example, on rainy days, you need to use the top panel 13 to prevent rain), because the top panel 13 is a thin plate, its strength is weak, and the reinforcement is 195 can be removed from the inner surface of the upper end of the side plate 12 and optionally installed on the inner surface of the top plate 13 to reinforce the top plate 13, as shown in Figure 15.
  • the lightweight variable-section carriage 10 provided by the above embodiments of the present invention is based on the idea of "equal strength" and the material thickness is designed as needed. Under the requirement of meeting the load-bearing strength, a variable-section design is adopted for the carriage to maximize weight reduction and realize cargo loading.
  • the car's weight-saving and lightweight structural design effectively reduces vehicle fuel consumption and increases cargo capacity.
  • the present invention also provides a vehicle, which includes the lightweight variable-section carriage 10 described in any of the above embodiments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种轻量化变截面车厢，所述车厢至少具有底板和两个侧板，两个所述侧板分别设于所述底板的左右两侧，两个所述侧板为变截面结构，所述侧板底部的厚度大于其顶部的厚度。在该轻量化变截面车厢中，根据"等强度"思想，按需设计材料厚度，在满足承载强度要求下，对车厢采取变截面设计，以最大化减重，实现载货汽车的减重轻量化的结构设计，有效降低车辆行驶油耗并增加载货量。

Description

轻量化变截面车厢及车辆 技术领域
本发明涉及车辆技术领域，特别是涉及一种轻量化变截面车厢及具有该车厢的车辆。
 背景技术
经试验证明，若汽车整车重量降低10％，燃油效率可提高约6％至8％，同时也能降低尾气排放。另一方面，从客户价值方面来看，国内物流运输实行计重收费，超载治理力度不断加大，货车轻量化不但可以为用户节省费用成本，还可以让用户在不超载前提下尽可能地运输更多货物。
目前载货汽车的车厢重量过大，车厢重量占整车总重量的比重较高，不满足现阶段对货车轻量化的需求，因而有必要对货车的车厢进行轻量化设计，以降低货车整备质量，从而降低车辆行驶油耗并增加载货量。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种轻量化变截面车厢及车辆，以解决现有载货汽车的车厢过重而影响车辆行驶油耗和载货量的问题。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
本发明提供一种轻量化变截面车厢，所述车厢至少具有底板和两个侧板，两个所述侧板分别设于所述底板的左右两侧，两个所述侧板为变截面结构，所述侧板底部的厚度大于其顶部的厚度。
在其中一实施例中，所述侧板的厚度从底部朝向其顶部逐渐减小。
在其中一实施例中，所述底板为变截面结构，所述底板中部的厚度大于其左右两侧的厚度。
在其中一实施例中，所述底板的厚度从中部朝向其左右两侧逐渐减小。
在其中一实施例中，所述底板的下表面设置有多根横梁，所述横梁厚度从中部朝向其左右两端逐渐减小。
在其中一实施例中，所述底板的下表面还设置有多根纵梁，每根纵梁沿其长度方向上分布设有多个减重孔。
在其中一实施例中，所述车厢还包括顶板，所述顶板的左右两侧的厚度大于其中部的厚度。
在其中一实施例中，所述顶板的厚度从左右两侧朝向其中部逐渐减小。
在其中一实施例中，所述车厢还包括前板，所述前板的底部的厚度大于其顶部的厚度。
在其中一实施例中，所述前板的厚度从底部朝向其顶部逐渐减小。
在其中一实施例中，所述车厢还包括后板，所述后板的底部的厚度大于其顶部的厚度。
在其中一实施例中，所述后板的厚度从底部朝向其顶部逐渐减小。
在其中一实施例中，两个所述侧板分别为左侧板和右侧板，所述车厢还包括顶板，所述顶板由左顶板和右顶板拼接形成，所述左顶板与所述左侧板的顶部可转动地连接，所述右顶板与所述右侧板的顶部可转动地连接，所述左顶板和所述右顶板均可在水平状态和竖直状态之间转动变换；
所述左顶板和所述右顶板均转动至位于水平状态时，所述左顶板和所述右顶板相互拼接形成所述顶板；
所述左顶板转动至位于竖直状态时，所述左顶板与所述左侧板的上半部分相重叠；
所述右顶板转动至位于竖直状态时，所述右顶板与所述右侧板的上半部分相重叠。
在其中一实施例中，所述侧板的下半部分的厚度均一，所述侧板的上半部分的厚度从下往上逐渐减小，所述左顶板的厚度从左往右逐渐减小，所述右顶板的厚度从右往左逐渐减小。
在其中一实施例中，所述侧板的下半部分的厚度均一并具有第一厚度，所述侧板的上半部分的厚度均一并具有第二厚度，所述左顶板和所述右顶板的厚度均一并具有第三厚度，所述第二厚度和所述第三厚度均小于所述第一厚度，且所述第二厚度与所述第三厚度之和等于所述第一厚度。
在其中一实施例中，所述左顶板转动至位于竖直状态与所述左侧板的上半部分相重叠时，所述左顶板与所述左侧板组合形成一个完整的矩形侧板结构；所述右顶板转动至位于竖直状态与所述右侧板的上半部分相重叠时，所述右顶板与所述右侧板组合形成一个完整的矩形侧板结构。
在其中一实施例中，所述车厢还包括顶板，所述顶板为防水帆布或薄板。
在其中一实施例中，所述顶板为防水帆布时，所述车厢还包括两个固定板，两个所述固定板分别安装在两个所述侧板的外表面的顶部，每个所述固定板上设有固定件，所述顶板的左右两侧分别固定到两个所述固定板上的固定件上。
在其中一实施例中，所述顶板为薄板时，所述车厢还包括可拆卸的补强件，所述补强件具有第一安装状态和第二安装状态，所述补强件在第一安装状态下安装于所述侧板上端的内表面用于补强所述侧板的强度，所述补强件在第二安装状态下安装于所述顶板的内表面用于补强所述顶板的强度。
本发明还提供一种车辆，包括上述的轻量化变截面车厢。
本发明实施例提供的轻量化变截面车厢，根据“等强度”思想，按需设计材料厚度，在满足承载强度要求下，对车厢采取变截面设计，以最大化减重，实现载货汽车的减重轻量化的结构设计，有效降低车辆行驶油耗并增加载货量。
 附图说明
图1为本发明第一实施例中轻量化变截面车厢的立体结构示意图。
图2为图1中轻量化变截面车厢沿A-A线的横向截面示意图。
图3为图1中轻量化变截面车厢沿B-B线的纵向截面示意图。
图4为图1中轻量化变截面车厢的侧板的结构示意图。
图5为图1中轻量化变截面车厢的底面立体示意图。
图6为图5中的横梁的结构示意图。
图7为图5中的纵梁的结构示意图。
图8为本发明第二实施例中轻量化变截面车厢的第一状态示意图。
图9为本发明第二实施例中轻量化变截面车厢的第二状态示意图。
图10为本发明第三实施例中轻量化变截面车厢的第一状态示意图。
图11为本发明第三实施例中轻量化变截面车厢的第二状态示意图。
图12为本发明第四实施例中轻量化变截面车厢的立体结构示意图。
图13为本发明第四实施例中轻量化变截面车厢沿C-C线的横向截面示意图。
图14为本发明第五实施例中轻量化变截面车厢的第一状态示意图。
图15为本发明第五实施例中轻量化变截面车厢的第二状态示意图。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术方式及功效，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效，详细说明如后。
请参图1至图3，本发明的一实施例提供一种轻量化变截面车厢10，所述车厢10至少具有底板11和两个侧板12，两个侧板12分别设于底板11的左右两侧，两个侧板12为变截面结构，其中侧板12底部的厚度大于其顶部的厚度。
具体地，在本实施例中，侧板12的厚度从底部朝向其顶部逐渐减小。
在两个侧板12为变截面结构的基础上，进一步地，底板11也为变截面结构，其中底板11中部的厚度大于其左右两侧的厚度。
具体地，在本实施例中，底板11的厚度从中部朝向其左右两侧逐渐减小。
所述车厢10还包括顶板13，在两个侧板12为变截面结构的基础上，进一步地，顶板13也为变截面结构，其中顶板13的左右两侧的厚度大于其中部的厚度。
具体地，在本实施例中，顶板13的厚度从左右两侧朝向其中部逐渐减小。
所述车厢10还包括前板14，在两个侧板12为变截面结构的基础上，进一步地，前板14也为变截面结构，前板14的底部的厚度大于其顶部的厚度。
具体地，在本实施例中，前板14的厚度从底部朝向其顶部逐渐减小。
所述车厢10还包括后板15，在两个侧板12为变截面结构的基础上，进一步地，后板15也为变截面结构，后板15的底部的厚度大于其顶部的厚度。
具体地，在本实施例中，后板15的厚度从底部朝向其顶部逐渐减小。
可以理解地，上述的底板11可以是一块整板，也可以是由多块子板通过焊接等方式组装形成。
同理，上述的侧板12、顶板13、前板14或后板15中的任一者，可以是一块整板，也可以是由多块子板通过焊接等方式组装形成。
例如，前板14可以由两块子板拼接形成，前板14的两块子板分别与两个侧板12铰接，使得前板14的每块子板均可以独立地转动打开，以便于人员和货物进出车厢10内部。
本实施例提供的轻量化变截面车厢，根据“等强度”思想，按需设计材料厚度，在满足承载强度要求下，对车厢采取变截面设计，以最大化减重，实现载货汽车的减重轻量化的结构设计，有效降低车辆行驶油耗并增加载货量。
针对某一由复合材料制成的车厢10，假如车厢10的侧板12、前板14和后板15底部的厚度维持20mm不变，侧板12、前板14和后板15顶部的厚度减薄到15mm，则：
侧板12、前板14和后板15的密度：220kg/m 3
截面积减小：5275mm 2
两个侧板12、前板14和后板15的长度：9342mm
因此，侧板12、前板14和后板15可以实现减重：10.8kg
又假如车厢10的顶板13两侧的厚度维持20mm不变，顶板13中部的厚度减薄到10mm，则：
顶板13的密度：220kg/m 3
截面积减小：13967mm 2
顶板13的长度：4168mm
因此，顶板13可以实现减重：12.8kg
另外，假如顶板13改为防水帆布（可参下面图12和图13），则：
顶板13的密度：220kg/m 3
顶板13的重量：37.8kg
帆布+附件重量：10kg
因此，顶板13可以实现减重：27.8kg
请参图5和图6，进一步地，底板11的下表面设置有多根横梁16，例如为10根，每根横梁16为梯形设计，即横梁16的厚度从中部朝向其左右两端逐渐减小。
假如横梁16由铝制成，横梁16中间的厚度维持60mm不变，横梁16两端的厚度减小到30mm，则：
铝横梁16的密度：2700kg/m 3
每根横梁16减重：2kg
因此，10根横梁16可以实现减重：20kg
请参图5和图7，进一步地，底板11的下表面还设置有多根纵梁17，例如为2根，每根纵梁17沿其长度方向上分布设有多个减重孔171。
假如纵梁17由铝制成，每根纵梁17设置有17个Φ60mm的圆孔，则：
铝纵梁17的密度：2700kg/m 3
每个减重孔171减重：0.03kg
因此，两根纵梁17可以实现减重：0.03*17*2=1.02kg
上述的横梁16和纵梁17，用于承载底板11，并用于将整个车厢10固定安装到载货汽车的车架（图未示）上。
请参图8至图11，在本发明的其他实施例中，两个侧板12分别为左侧板121和右侧板122，左侧板121具有下半部分1211和上半部分1212，右侧板122具有下半部分1221和上半部分1222，顶板13由左顶板131和右顶板132拼接形成，左顶板131与左侧板121的顶部通过第一转轴181可转动地连接，右顶板132与右侧板122的顶部通过第二转轴182可转动地连接，左顶板131和右顶板132均可在水平状态和竖直状态之间转动变换；
如图8和图10所示，左顶板131和右顶板132均转动至位于水平状态时，左顶板131和右顶板132相互拼接形成顶板13；
如图9和图11所示，左顶板131转动至位于竖直状态时，左顶板131与左侧板121的上半部分1212相重叠；右顶板132转动至位于竖直状态时，右顶板132与右侧板122的上半部分1222相重叠。
具体地，请参图9和图11，左顶板131转动至位于竖直状态与左侧板121的上半部分1212相重叠时，左顶板131与左侧板121共同组合形成一个完整的矩形侧板结构；右顶板132转动至位于竖直状态与右侧板122的上半部分1222相重叠时，右顶板132与右侧板122共同组合形成一个完整的矩形侧板结构。
在图8和图9所示的实施例中，左侧板121的下半部分1211和右侧板122的下半部分1221的厚度均一，左侧板121的上半部分1212和右侧板122的上半部分1222的厚度从下往上逐渐减小，左顶板131的厚度从左往右逐渐减小，右顶板132的厚度从右往左逐渐减小。
在图10和图11所示的实施例中，左侧板121的下半部分1211和右侧板122的下半部分1221的厚度均一并具有第一厚度T1，左侧板121的上半部分1212和右侧板122的上半部分1222的厚度均一并具有第二厚度T2，左顶板131和右顶板132的厚度均一并具有第三厚度T3，其中第二厚度T2和第三厚度T3均小于第一厚度T1，且第二厚度T2与第三厚度T3之和等于第一厚度T1。
请参图12至图15，在本发明的其他实施例中，顶板13采用防水帆布或薄板，其中薄板可以由塑料或复合材料制成。其中，在图12和图13中示意顶板13为防水帆布，在图14和图15中示意顶板13为薄板。通过将顶板13采用防水帆布或薄板，可以大幅降低顶板13的重量。
请参图12和图13，当顶板13为防水帆布时，所述车厢10还包括两个固定板191（图12中仅其中一个固定板191可见），两个固定板191分别安装在两个侧板12的外表面的顶部。每个固定板191例如为长条状，并沿着车厢10的纵向安装在对应的侧板12上。每个固定板191上设有固定件192。作为顶板13的防水帆布，其左右两侧分别固定到两个固定板191上的固定件192上。具体地，固定件192例如为固定钩，固定钩192的数量可以为多个，分布设置在固定板191上。通过将防水帆布13的左右两侧分别通过紧固绳193固定到两个固定板191的固定钩192上，可以实现防水帆布13的张紧和固定，避免在行车的过程中防水帆布13的抖动或脱落。
请参图14和图15，当顶板13为薄板时，所述车厢10还包括可拆卸的补强件195，补强件195具有第一安装状态和第二安装状态，补强件195在第一安装状态下安装于侧板12上端的内表面用于补强侧板12的强度，补强件195在第二安装状态下安装于顶板13的内表面用于补强顶板13的强度。本实施例中，补强件195是可拆卸的，因此在不使用顶板13时（例如在晴天，可以不需要使用顶板13），此时补强件195可以选择安装在侧板12上端的内表面用于补强侧板12，如图14所示；在使用顶板13时（例如在雨天，则需要使用顶板13防雨），由于顶板13为薄板，其强度较弱，此时补强件195可以从侧板12上端的内表面拆卸下来，并选择安装在顶板13的内表面用于补强顶板13，如图15所示。
本发明上述实施例提供的轻量化变截面车厢10，根据“等强度”思想，按需设计材料厚度，在满足承载强度要求下，对车厢采取变截面设计，以最大化减重，实现载货汽车的减重轻量化的结构设计，有效降低车辆行驶油耗并增加载货量。
进一步地，本发明还提供一种车辆，所述车辆包括上述任意一实施例中所述的轻量化变截面车厢10。
以上仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内，当可利用上述揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例，但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种轻量化变截面车厢，所述车厢至少具有底板和两个侧板，两个所述侧板分别设于所述底板的左右两侧，其特征在于，两个所述侧板为变截面结构，所述侧板底部的厚度大于其顶部的厚度。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述侧板的厚度从底部朝向其顶部逐渐减小。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述底板为变截面结构，所述底板中部的厚度大于其左右两侧的厚度。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述底板的厚度从中部朝向其左右两侧逐渐减小。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述底板的下表面设置有多根横梁，所述横梁厚度从中部朝向其左右两端逐渐减小。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述底板的下表面还设置有多根纵梁，每根纵梁沿其长度方向上分布设有多个减重孔。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述车厢还包括顶板，所述顶板的左右两侧的厚度大于其中部的厚度。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述顶板的厚度从左右两侧朝向其中部逐渐减小。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述车厢还包括前板，所述前板的底部的厚度大于其顶部的厚度。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述前板的厚度从底部朝向其顶部逐渐减小。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述车厢还包括后板，所述后板的底部的厚度大于其顶部的厚度。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述后板的厚度从底部朝向其顶部逐渐减小。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，两个所述侧板分别为左侧板和右侧板，所述车厢还包括顶板，所述顶板由左顶板和右顶板拼接形成，所述左顶板与所述左侧板的顶部可转动地连接，所述右顶板与所述右侧板的顶部可转动地连接，所述左顶板和所述右顶板均可在水平状态和竖直状态之间转动变换；
    所述左顶板和所述右顶板均转动至位于水平状态时，所述左顶板和所述右顶板相互拼接形成所述顶板；
    所述左顶板转动至位于竖直状态时，所述左顶板与所述左侧板的上半部分相重叠；
    所述右顶板转动至位于竖直状态时，所述右顶板与所述右侧板的上半部分相重叠。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述侧板的下半部分的厚度均一，所述侧板的上半部分的厚度从下往上逐渐减小，所述左顶板的厚度从左往右逐渐减小，所述右顶板的厚度从右往左逐渐减小。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述侧板的下半部分的厚度均一并具有第一厚度，所述侧板的上半部分的厚度均一并具有第二厚度，所述左顶板和所述右顶板的厚度均一并具有第三厚度，所述第二厚度和所述第三厚度均小于所述第一厚度，且所述第二厚度与所述第三厚度之和等于所述第一厚度。
  16. 如权利要求13所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述左顶板转动至位于竖直状态与所述左侧板的上半部分相重叠时，所述左顶板与所述左侧板组合形成一个完整的矩形侧板结构；所述右顶板转动至位于竖直状态与所述右侧板的上半部分相重叠时，所述右顶板与所述右侧板组合形成一个完整的矩形侧板结构。
  17. 如权利要求1所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述车厢还包括顶板，所述顶板为防水帆布或薄板。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述顶板为防水帆布时，所述车厢还包括两个固定板，两个所述固定板分别安装在两个所述侧板的外表面的顶部，每个所述固定板上设有固定件，所述顶板的左右两侧分别固定到两个所述固定板上的固定件上。
  19. 如权利要求17所述的轻量化变截面车厢，其特征在于，所述顶板为薄板时，所述车厢还包括可拆卸的补强件，所述补强件具有第一安装状态和第二安装状态，所述补强件在第一安装状态下安装于所述侧板上端的内表面用于补强所述侧板的强度，所述补强件在第二安装状态下安装于所述顶板的内表面用于补强所述顶板的强度。
  20. 一种车辆，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-19任一项所述的轻量化变截面车厢。
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