WO2023153018A1 - レーザビーム溶接方法とその溶接機ならびに突合せ溶接継手 - Google Patents

レーザビーム溶接方法とその溶接機ならびに突合せ溶接継手 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023153018A1
WO2023153018A1 PCT/JP2022/037432 JP2022037432W WO2023153018A1 WO 2023153018 A1 WO2023153018 A1 WO 2023153018A1 JP 2022037432 W JP2022037432 W JP 2022037432W WO 2023153018 A1 WO2023153018 A1 WO 2023153018A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser beam
gap
filler
steel plates
welding
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2022/037432
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
亜怜 原
克利 ▲高▼島
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JFE Steel Corp
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JFE Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JFE Steel Corp filed Critical JFE Steel Corp
Priority to EP22926035.1A priority Critical patent/EP4461455A4/en
Priority to US18/837,671 priority patent/US20250178126A1/en
Priority to KR1020247027951A priority patent/KR20240134214A/ko
Priority to CN202280090627.3A priority patent/CN118679024A/zh
Priority to MX2024009935A priority patent/MX2024009935A/es
Priority to JP2022580835A priority patent/JP7435834B2/ja
Publication of WO2023153018A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023153018A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
    • B23K26/032—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece using optical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/211—Bonding by welding with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/18—Sheet panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laser beam welding method used for butt welding of steel plates, a welding machine used in the method, and a butt welded joint obtained by the above method.
  • flash butt welding is often used as the joining means, but laser welding or the like is mainly used for steel sheets that contain a large amount of alloying elements and are inferior in brittleness.
  • laser welding the tail end of the leading steel plate and the leading end of the trailing steel plate are cut by a shearing machine provided in the welding machine to adjust the accuracy of the weld end surface, and then the ends are butted and welded. .
  • the width of the gap between the butted steel plates is generally set to about 1/10 or less of the thickness of the steel plate.
  • the laser beam used for welding steel plates generally has an output of 10 kW or less and a beam diameter of about 0.4 to 0.6 mm. Accurately irradiating the weld is not easy. Therefore, the laser beam irradiated to the welded portion is oscillated (weaved) so as to traverse the butted portion of the steel plate (see, for example, Patent Documents 4 to 7).
  • Patent Documents 4 to 6 disclose swinging the laser beam, they are techniques that do not supply filler to the welded portion, and cannot be applied when supplying filler.
  • Patent Document 7 above discloses supplying a filler to a welded portion and swinging a laser beam.
  • the gap width between the butted steel sheets is large, when the welding speed fluctuates, or when the gap width varies in the width direction of the steel sheets, a welded joint with excellent mechanical strength cannot be stabilized. There was a problem that it was not possible to obtain
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
  • the purpose is to achieve stable butt welding of high quality even when the gap width between the butted steel plates is large or when the gap width varies in the width direction when butt welding steel plates with a laser.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a laser beam welding method by which a welded joint can be obtained.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a laser beam welding machine for use in the method and a welded joint obtained by the above method.
  • the inventors focused on the filler supply conditions and the laser beam irradiation conditions and conducted extensive studies.
  • the amount of filler supplied to the gap between the steel plates can be controlled within an appropriate range.
  • a detector that detects the gap width between the steel plates in front of the welding point (laser beam irradiation position) is arranged, and the detector and the filler supply device are interlocked to detect with the detector.
  • the amount of filler supplied is controlled within an appropriate range according to the width of the gap.
  • the laser beam that irradiates the gap where the filler is supplied is irradiated while rotating so as to cross (straddle) the gap based on the position of the gap detected by the detector, so that the welded part is wide and wide. Irradiate evenly.
  • the present invention based on the above knowledge supplies a filler to the gap between the butted steel sheets and irradiates a laser beam to melt and solidify the steel sheets and the filler in the butted portion to form a weld metal, and the butted steel sheets are formed.
  • the laser beam welding method for fusion joining the laser beam is irradiated while rotating across the gap between the steel sheets, and the amount of filler supplied to the gap per unit time is adjusted to the steel sheet to be welded per unit time.
  • a laser beam welding method is proposed in which the gap volume is controlled within a predetermined range.
  • the laser beam welding method of the present invention forms a weld metal satisfying the following conditions (7) and (8) by performing welding while satisfying all the following conditions (1) to (6). It is characterized by Note (1) 0.4 ⁇ t ⁇ 10.0 (2) 0.80 ⁇ v ⁇ 8.0 (3) 0 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.0 (4) 50 ⁇ f ⁇ 400 (5) 0 ⁇ p ⁇ 70 (6) 1.0 ⁇ V/g ⁇ 4.0 (7) 0.80 ⁇ h/t ⁇ 1.20 (8) 0.2 ⁇ w ⁇ 3.0
  • t is the thickness of the steel plate (mm)
  • v is the welding speed (m/min)
  • a is the rotation width of the laser beam (mm)
  • f is the rotation frequency of the laser beam (Hz)
  • p is the laser beam Flatness (%) of the circle drawn when the beam rotates
  • V is the amount of filler supplied per unit time (mm 3 /min)
  • g is the gap volume between the steel plates to be welded per unit time (mm 3 /min)
  • h is the thickness (mm) of the central portion of
  • the present invention also provides a laser beam welding machine for melting and joining butted steel plates, comprising a laser oscillator that oscillates a laser beam, a transmission system that transmits the laser beam, and a gap between the steel plates while rotating the laser beam.
  • a processing head that irradiates across the gap, a filler supply device that supplies filler to the gap, a detector that detects the butted position and gap width of the butted steel plates, and a filler supplied from the filler supply device to the gap between the steel plates.
  • the control unit supplies from the filler supply device according to the welding gap volume to be welded per unit time calculated from the welding speed and the gap width detected by the detector.
  • the laser beam welding machine is characterized by having a function of controlling the amount of filler to be supplied within a predetermined range.
  • the present invention also provides a butt welded joint of steel plates having a plate thickness of 0.4 to 10.0 mm, wherein the weld portion of the welded joint has a weld metal composed of a steel plate and a filler, and
  • the butt laser beam welded joint is characterized in that the thickness h of the width center of the weld metal and the minimum fusion width w in the thickness direction satisfy the following conditions (7) and (8). Note (7) 0.80 ⁇ h / t ⁇ 1.20 (8) 0.2 ⁇ w ⁇ 3.0
  • the amount of filler supplied to the weld is optimized and the irradiation conditions of the laser beam are optimized. It becomes possible to stably obtain excellent welded joints. Therefore, when the technology of the present invention is applied to a continuous processing line for steel plates, it is possible to reduce the time required for re-welding due to welding defects and to reduce breakage in the line, thereby improving productivity. contribute to In addition, there is also the effect that the amount of filler to be supplied to the weld can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is an example diagram illustrating an outline of a laser beam welding machine and a welding method of the present invention for fusion joining two butted steel plates S1 and S2, (a) is an overall image, (b) is (a) ) is an enlarged view of the part A shown in FIG.
  • the welding machine includes a laser oscillator 1 that oscillates a laser beam L, a transmission system 2 that transmits the laser beam L, a processing head 3 that irradiates the gap 4 between the butted steel plates with the laser beam L, A filler supply device 6 that supplies filler 5 to the gap 4 between the steel plates, a detector 7 that detects the butted position of the butted steel plates and the width G of the gap, and the filler supply device 6 to the steel plate gap 4. and a control unit 8 for controlling the amount of filler 5 to be supplied to.
  • the welded portion (weld metal) 9 is formed by melting and solidifying the steel plate in the vicinity of the butted portion and the filler 5 supplied to the gap portion 4 between the steel plates by the laser beam L emitted from the processing head 3.
  • a plurality of mirrors 10a and 10b are built inside the processing head 3, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of mirrors 10a and 10b are built. As the mirrors operate in conjunction with each other, the laser beam L is irradiated while rotating in an arc across the gap 4 between the butted steel plates, as shown in FIG. 3(a). be. During welding, the processing head 3 moves in the direction of the welding direction d, or the steel plate moves in the direction opposite to the direction d. ) becomes spiral as shown in FIG.
  • control unit 8 for controlling the supply amount of the filler determines the width G of the gap 4 between the steel plates in front of the welding point (laser beam irradiation position) measured by the detector 7 and the welding speed v at that time. Based on this, the gap volume V between the steel plates to be welded per unit time and the filler supply amount (the amount of filler supplied from the filler supply device per unit time) g that is a predetermined multiple of the gap volume are calculated. Then, the result is transmitted to the filler supply device 6 and reflected in the supply speed of the filler 5 .
  • the width G of the gap between the butted steel plates in the present invention is defined as the minimum distance between the ends of the two butted steel plates, as shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 1(b) shows, as a detector for measuring the width G of the gap 4 between the steel plates, a gap width detector consisting of a laser irradiator 7a above and below the steel plate and a light receiver 7b for the transmitted laser. 7 is shown.
  • a gap width detector consisting of a laser irradiator 7a above and below the steel plate and a light receiver 7b for the transmitted laser. 7 is shown.
  • the width G of the gap 4 can be measured accurately, it is not always necessary to arrange them vertically.
  • the butt welded joint of the present invention obtained by using the above laser beam welding machine and laser beam welding method will be described.
  • the butt welded joint of the present invention must satisfy the following conditions (1), (7) and (8).
  • the plate thickness t (mm) of the steel plate that constitutes the butt welded joint of the present invention is preferably within the range of 0.4 to 10.0 mm, which is the plate thickness that enables laser beam welding. If the sheet thickness t is less than 0.4 mm, burn-through may occur during welding, and defects such as holes may occur. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the output of the laser beam, which hinders productivity.
  • the plate thickness t exceeds 10.0 mm, the input heat energy is insufficient at an output of about 10 kW or less, which is usually used for laser beam welding, and the minimum fusion width w in the thickness direction of the weld metal, which will be described later, is reduced. It becomes impossible to secure it, and the welding speed has to be lowered. Therefore, it becomes impossible to obtain the advantage of the present invention, which is high-speed welding.
  • a more preferable plate thickness is in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 mm.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-section of a welded portion of a butt welded joint.
  • a weld metal 9 formed by melting and mixing a steel plate and a filler is present between the butt-welded steel plates.
  • the ratio (h/t) of the thickness h (mm) of the width center portion of the weld metal 9 to the thickness t (mm) of the butted steel plates is in the range of 0.80 to 1.20. is preferred. If (h/t) is less than 0.80, the weld bead (weld metal) underfills (a state in which the weld metal is dented) becomes too large, stress concentration occurs, and sufficient strength cannot be obtained.
  • the step between the thickness of the weld metal and the steel plate of the base material becomes too large, and stress concentrates on the boundary between the steel plate and the weld metal. In such a case, it is not preferable because it causes plate breakage. More preferably (h/t) is in the range of 0.9 to 1.1.
  • the plate thickness t when the plate thicknesses of the two steel plates S1 and S2 butted against each other are different is the average plate thickness of the two steel plates.
  • Minimum fusion width w in the plate thickness direction of the weld metal 0.2 to 3.0 mm
  • the minimum fusion width w (mm) in the plate thickness direction of the weld metal shown in FIG. 5 must be within the range of 0.2 to 3.0 mm. If the minimum fusion width w is less than 0.2 mm, sufficient strength of the butt joint cannot be ensured due to insufficient fusion of the weld metal. On the other hand, if the minimum fusion width w exceeds 3.0 mm, burn-through of the weld metal occurs and the above (h/t) cannot be ensured, or defects occur.
  • a preferred minimum melt width w (mm) is in the range of 0.6 to 2.0 mm.
  • the welding speed v is less than 0.80 m/min, the input heat energy per welding unit length becomes excessive, causing burn-through and making it impossible to secure the joint strength, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if it exceeds 8.0 m/min, the input heat energy per welding unit length becomes insufficient, causing insufficient penetration and making it impossible to secure the minimum fusion width w of the weld metal.
  • a preferred welding speed v is in the range of 1.5 to 5.0 m/min.
  • the rotation width a is 0 mm (when the arc is not drawn), for example, when the beam diameter of the laser beam is 0.5 mm, it is possible to irradiate a region with a width of 0.5 mm. Considering that there is a gap between them, there is a possibility that a portion of the steel sheet cannot be melted. Further, when a is 0 mm, if the position irradiated with the laser beam deviates even a little, there is a possibility that a portion that is not welded may occur. Therefore, the rotation width a should be over 0 mm. On the other hand, the larger the rotation width a, the more advantageous it is to the fluctuation of the butt clearance (gap).
  • the upper limit of the fusion width a is set to 1.0 mm.
  • a preferable rotation width a is in the range of 0.2 to 0.6 mm.
  • Rotation frequency f 50-400Hz
  • the rotation speed (rotation frequency f) when the laser beam rotates in an arc must be in the range of 50 to 400 Hz.
  • the rotation frequency f is less than 50 Hz, the frequency f is small relative to the welding speed v, and there are portions that do not overlap the adjacent laser beam irradiation trajectories, and welding failures occur at regular intervals.
  • the higher the rotation frequency f the more uniformly the surface of the steel sheet can be heated by the laser beam, so the effect of smoothing the surface of the bead formed in the weld increases.
  • the upper limit of the rotation frequency is set to 400 Hz.
  • a preferred rotational frequency f is in the range of 100-200 Hz.
  • the total speed vector of the scanning speed vector and the welding speed vector when the laser beam passes through the center of the gap between the steel plates (welding line) and the amplitude of the laser beam are maximum.
  • the scalar difference between the total speed vector of the scanning speed vector and the welding speed vector at the time becomes large.
  • the oblateness p is more than 0 and the laser beam is irradiated while rotating in an arc, the scalar difference of the total velocity vector at both positions becomes small, so that the steel plate can be uniformly heated. It becomes possible.
  • the oblateness p is limited to more than 0% and 70% or less.
  • a preferable flattening ratio p is in the range of 30 to 50%.
  • V/g 1.0 to 4.0
  • the filler supply amount V (mm 3 /min) supplied per unit time is the gap to be welded per unit time It should be in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 times the volume g (mm 3 /min). If V/g is less than 1.0, the amount of filler supplied to the gap is too small, and the formed bead (weld metal) is in an underfilled state, and h/t ⁇ 0.80 cannot be achieved. sufficient welding strength cannot be ensured.
  • V/g exceeds 4.0
  • the bead rises against the steel plate and stress concentrates on the boundary between the steel plate and the weld metal, impairing workability.
  • a preferred V/g is in the range of 1.5 to 2.5.
  • the steel plate to which the laser beam welding method and welding machine of the present invention can be applied is not particularly limited, and any steel plate of 270 to 440 MPa class with a thickness of 0.4 to 10.0 mm can be used. can be applied.
  • the filler to be supplied to the gap between the steel plates during welding is not particularly limited as long as it is a filler commonly used for welding the steel plates.
  • the laser beam welding technology of the present invention can be applied to all technical fields for joining steel plates.
  • it can be suitably used for a continuous processing line for steel plates in which steel plates are continuously processed by welding the tail ends of the preceding steel plate coils and the leading ends of the following steel plate coils on the entry side of the line.
  • Welded joints 6 to 8, 10 to 12, 17 to 19, 22 to 24, 27 to 29, 32 to 34 and 38 to 40 are any of the laser beam rotation width a, rotation frequency f and flatness p.
  • h/t is less than 0.80 because some was outside the scope of the present invention.
  • No. Thirteen welded joints have h/t less than 0.80 because V/g is less than 1.0.
  • No. Welded joints 4, 9, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 41 had h/t greater than 1.20 because V/g was too large.
  • the technique of the present invention can be used not only for butt welding the tail end of a preceding steel plate and the front end of a following steel plate on the entry side of a continuous steel plate processing line, but also for welding different types of steel plates and steel plates with different thicknesses for tailored welding. It can also be applied when manufacturing a blank material.
  • Laser oscillator 2 Transmission system 3: Processing head 4: Gap between steel plates 5: Filler 6: Filler supply device 7, 7a, 7b: Gap width detector 8: Calculator 9: Weld metal (weld part ) 10a, 10b: Mirror L: Laser beam S1, S2: Steel plate a: Width (rotational width) of welding right angle method of circular arc drawn by laser beam b: Width in the welding direction of the arc drawn by the laser beam d: Welding direction G: Gap width between the steel plates h: Thickness at the center of the width of the weld metal w: Minimum fusion width in the thickness direction of the weld metal

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
PCT/JP2022/037432 2022-02-14 2022-10-06 レーザビーム溶接方法とその溶接機ならびに突合せ溶接継手 Ceased WO2023153018A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22926035.1A EP4461455A4 (en) 2022-02-14 2022-10-06 LASER BEAM WELDING PROCESS, WELDING MACHINE AND BUTT WELDING JOINT
US18/837,671 US20250178126A1 (en) 2022-02-14 2022-10-06 Laser beam welding method, welding machine therefor, and butt-welded joint
KR1020247027951A KR20240134214A (ko) 2022-02-14 2022-10-06 레이저 빔 용접 방법과 그 용접기 그리고 맞댐 용접 이음매
CN202280090627.3A CN118679024A (zh) 2022-02-14 2022-10-06 激光束焊接方法及其焊接机以及对焊接头
MX2024009935A MX2024009935A (es) 2022-02-14 2022-10-06 Metodo de soldadura por haz laser, maquina de soldar para el mismo, y junta soldada a tope.
JP2022580835A JP7435834B2 (ja) 2022-02-14 2022-10-06 レーザビーム溶接方法とその溶接機ならびに突合せ溶接継手の製造方法

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2022020100 2022-02-14
JP2022-020100 2022-02-14

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WO2023153018A1 true WO2023153018A1 (ja) 2023-08-17

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US (1) US20250178126A1 (https=)
EP (1) EP4461455A4 (https=)
JP (1) JP7435834B2 (https=)
KR (1) KR20240134214A (https=)
CN (1) CN118679024A (https=)
MX (1) MX2024009935A (https=)
WO (1) WO2023153018A1 (https=)

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CN119589120A (zh) * 2024-12-24 2025-03-11 上海交通大学 抑制铝镁合金激光深熔焊气孔缺陷的方法及系统

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