WO2023142268A1 - 单火线调光器电路拓扑及单火线智能调光器 - Google Patents

单火线调光器电路拓扑及单火线智能调光器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023142268A1
WO2023142268A1 PCT/CN2022/085037 CN2022085037W WO2023142268A1 WO 2023142268 A1 WO2023142268 A1 WO 2023142268A1 CN 2022085037 W CN2022085037 W CN 2022085037W WO 2023142268 A1 WO2023142268 A1 WO 2023142268A1
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Prior art keywords
circuit
unit
dimmer
wifi module
live wire
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PCT/CN2022/085037
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘玉林
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Shenzhen Tsyl General Technology Ltd
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Shenzhen Tsyl General Technology Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/19—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/40—Control techniques providing energy savings, e.g. smart controller or presence detection

Definitions

  • This application relates to the fields of low-voltage electrical, electronic control, and Internet of Things information technologies, and in particular refers to a circuit topology of a single live wire dimmer and a single live wire intelligent dimmer.
  • Dimmers can adjust the brightness of light sources and lamps. Compared with switches, people can have a very good lighting experience in lighting environments. They are widely used in people's lives, especially in Western countries such as Europe and the United States. Switches have almost become the most mainstream low-voltage electrical accessory equipment for lighting control.
  • smart home products With the maturity of wireless communication technology and Internet of Things technology, smart home products have become more and more mature. In recent years, smart home products have gradually entered the market and are accepted by consumers. Among them, smart dimmers/smart dimmer switches have become one of the core products in smart home products, especially in the United States, Canada and other countries, smart dimmers have gradually become one of the main choices for people to buy switches. Smart dimmers can not only realize the dimming function of traditional dimmers, but also have better dimming effects.
  • the built-in wireless communication technology allows smart dimmers to connect to the cloud, bringing more and more convenient Control methods: such as local remote control, program control, voice control, app control and other control methods, and access to third-party smart home systems or other artificial intelligence control systems can bring consumers a better experience.
  • the internal circuit of the smart dimmer needs to take power, especially when the smart dimmer has built-in WiFi communication function, its communication requires tens of mA or even hundreds of mA of current. Due to the current consumed by the work of the smart dimmer, the leakage current will pass through the dimmer circuit connected in series, causing the lighting load (bulb/light source/lamp) controlled by the dimmer to suddenly flicker, or dimly bright, etc. The expected phenomenon occurs. Or the internal power supply circuit of the dimmer cannot provide normal power, resulting in the phenomenon that the dimmer cannot work normally. Or because the smart dimmer requires a large current to work, resulting in the problem that the lighting load flickers during the dimming operation of the dimmer.
  • Patent 1 Choinese patent application number 201210397811.2, LED dual dimming control system based on WIFI network provides a method for realizing WIFI dimming, but this method cannot be applied to general lighting applications;
  • Patent 2 Choinese Patent 201380007047.4, PCT/IB2013/050569 2013.01.23 Two-wire and no-neutral-wire digital dimmer for cutting-edge dimmable driver and method for operating it
  • patent 3 Choinese patent application number 201610926219.3 Two-wire dimmer with improved zero-crossing detection
  • Patent 4 Choinese Patent Application No. 201810266931.4 Dimming starting circuit and dimmer
  • patent 5 Choinese patent application number 201980035395.X Universal dimmer
  • Patent 5 Choinese Patent Application No. 2021910825027.7 A single live wire multifunctional dimmer
  • patent 6 Choinese patent 202010613728.7 dimmer dimming method, device, storage medium and dimmer, etc.
  • Patent 7 Choinese Patent 202011637889.6 Thyristor dimmer and its working method based on communication protocol dimming
  • patent 8 Choinese patent 201910582886.8 A remote control dimmer circuit
  • patent 9 Choinese patent 201811524469.X A multifunctional dimmer based on the Internet of Things
  • patent 10 Choinese patent 201811058891.0 an intelligent TRIAC dimmer
  • patent 11 Choinese patent 201510138148.6 an intelligent general dimmer
  • This application proposes a circuit topology of a single live wire dimmer and a single live wire dimmer, which solves the internal power supply problems, zero crossing problems and dimming compatibility problems of the existing single live wire dimmers.
  • the built-in WiFi function of the device has become an achievable technical solution.
  • this application provides a single live wire dimmer/dimming switch circuit topology, through skillfully setting the internal reference point of the dimmer, the working mode of the phase-cut dimming control circuit, the communication circuit, and the mutual
  • the circuit connection method can control the leakage current flowing through the dimmer within 200uA or even lower than 100uA when the built-in WiFi function dimmer is in the cut-off (turn off) state, and at the same time, make the phase-cut dimming control circuit
  • the bidirectional thyristor switch works in the second and third quadrants, reducing the dependence on the bidirectional thyristor to maintain the current, avoiding the problem of the load bulb flickering when the brightness is adjusted to low during the dimming process, and greatly improving the dimmer's performance.
  • a circuit topology of a single live wire dimmer which includes three circuit units, the three circuit units are respectively a first circuit unit, a second circuit unit and a third circuit unit; the first circuit unit is a power-taking unit, and the The power fetching unit is composed of a flyback circuit, including at least one isolation transformer; the isolation transformer has at least 3 windings, and the isolation voltage between different windings is greater than 500VAC, and the first circuit unit is the second circuit unit and the third circuit unit provides low-voltage DC power supply;
  • the second circuit unit is a wireless communication unit, and the wireless communication unit includes at least one chip capable of wireless communication function, so as to complete the data communication function between the intelligent dimmer and the cloud server;
  • the third circuit unit is a dimming control and phase-cutting regulation unit, and the dimming control and phase-cutting regulating unit includes at least one bidirectional thyristor switching device, which completes the conduction of the mains at a specific phase angle within one cycle function;
  • the first circuit unit, the second circuit unit and the third circuit unit have a common reference point, and the potential of the common reference point of the first circuit unit, the second circuit unit and the third circuit unit is lower than that of the triac
  • the A1 (T1) pole of the power-taking unit, the positive pole of the low-voltage DC power supply provided by the power-taking unit, the A1 (T1) pole of the bidirectional thyristor switching device, the bidirectional thyristor gate (G) pole and the A low-impedance loop can be formed between the reference points; when the intelligent dimmer is cut off (turning off the light), the flyback circuit of the power-taking unit operates in an intermittent working mode, and the circuit of the wireless communication unit is in an intermittent working mode.
  • the power fetching unit includes a flyback circuit, the flyback circuit included in the power fetching unit, the flyback circuit includes a MOSFET integrated circuit, and the MOSFET integrated circuit
  • the minimum working voltage is lower than 7V, and the longest off-time of the MOSFET integrated circuit is greater than 500uS when it works in intermittent mode or low power consumption mode.
  • the direct output voltage of the flyback circuit included in the power-taking unit is lower than 7V.
  • the flyback circuit included in the power-taking unit adopts bridge rectification, and the total capacitance of the DC filter capacitors connected after rectification is greater than 3uF.
  • the wireless communication unit includes a WiFi module
  • the WiFi module works in an intermittent mode: when there is no data interaction, the WiFi module is in a dormant state, and wakes up by itself at preset intervals, Communicate once with the cloud server background, the preset time is greater than 100mS and less than 5S.
  • the wireless communication unit includes a WiFi module
  • the dimming control and phase-cut adjustment unit includes a single-chip microcomputer (MCU)
  • the WiFi module and the MCU pass through at least 4 Connect with four wires: 4 wires, 1 ground wire, 2 serial port data wires, and 1 wake-up wire; wherein, the ground wire is used as a common reference for the WiFi module and the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit point, the serial port data line is set for the WiFi module to exchange data with the MCU, and the wake-up line wakes up the WiFi module in advance when the single-chip microcomputer performs data exchange.
  • MCU microcomputer
  • the wireless communication unit includes a WiFi module
  • the dimming control and phase-cut adjustment unit includes a single-chip microcomputer (MCU)
  • the WiFi module communicates with the single-chip microcomputer through at least 5 Two wires for connection: 1 ground wire, 2 serial port data wires, and 2 wake-up wires; wherein, the ground wire is used as the common reference point of the WiFi module and the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit, and the serial port data
  • One line is set to exchange data between the WiFi module and the single-chip microcomputer, one wake-up line is set to wake up the WiFi module in advance when the single-chip microcomputer is performing data exchange, and the other wake-up line is set to perform data exchange between the WiFi module and the single-chip microcomputer. During data exchange, wake up the microcontroller in advance.
  • the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit includes a single-chip microcomputer (MCU).
  • MCU single-chip microcomputer
  • the single-chip microcomputer Wake up via WiFi module, local key or local potentiometer.
  • an impedance component in the rectification and filtering circuit including the flyback circuit in the power-taking unit, and the DC impedance of the impedance component is greater than 3.3 ohms and less than 3300 ohms.
  • the present application also proposes a single live wire intelligent dimmer, which includes the circuit topology of the single live wire dimmer described above, and the wireless communication part of the single live wire intelligent dimmer complies with part of the WiFi protocol.
  • the function of this application is: based on the innovative circuit topology of this application, a single live wire intelligent dimmer with a built-in WiFi communication function can be realized.
  • the device is a WiFi smart dimmer, which does not require an IoT gateway, and can have many intelligent control functions to improve the comfort and convenience of the living space; at the same time, it does not need to provide a neutral line for the smart dimmer, which greatly reduces the waste of copper resources. , and also reduce the occurrence of safety accidents. It has very good social and economic value.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of the circuit topology of the single live wire dimmer of the present application
  • Fig. 2 is the basic circuit schematic diagram of the single live wire dimmer circuit topology of the present application
  • Fig. 3 is the circuit schematic diagram of application example 1 of the single live wire dimmer of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is the circuit schematic diagram of application example 2 of the single live wire dimmer of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of application example 3 of a single live wire dimmer of the present application.
  • this application proposes a circuit topology of a single live wire dimmer, which includes three circuit units, the three circuit units are respectively the first circuit unit, the second circuit unit and the third circuit unit, corresponding to Power-taking unit P10, wireless communication unit P20, and dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30.
  • the first circuit unit is a power-taking unit P10, and the power-taking unit P10 is composed of a flyback circuit and includes at least one isolation transformer; the isolation transformer has at least 3 windings, and the isolation voltage between different windings is greater than 500VAC , the first circuit unit provides low-voltage DC power supply for the second circuit unit and the third circuit unit;
  • the second circuit unit is a wireless communication unit P20, and the wireless communication unit P20 includes at least one chip capable of performing a wireless communication function, so as to complete the data communication function between the smart dimmer and the cloud server;
  • the third circuit unit is a dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30, and the dimming control and phase-cutting adjusting unit P30 includes at least one bidirectional thyristor switch Q1, and the bidirectional thyristor Q1 is set as Control the conduction of the mains at a specific phase angle within a cycle;
  • the first circuit unit, the second circuit unit and the third circuit unit have a common reference point, that is, the reference ground, and the potential of the common reference point of the first circuit unit, the second circuit unit and the third circuit unit is lower than that of the bidirectional
  • a low-impedance loop can be formed between the pole and the reference point; when the smart dimmer is cut off (turning off the light), the flyback circuit of the power-taking unit P10 operates in an intermittent working mode, and the wireless communication unit P20 The circuit is in intermittent operation mode.
  • the flyback circuit contained in the power-taking unit includes an integrated circuit (IC) with a built-in MOSFET, the minimum operating voltage of the integrated circuit of the MOSFET is lower than 7V, and the integrated circuit of the MOSFET works in the intermittent mode or The longest shutdown time in low power mode is greater than 500uS.
  • IC integrated circuit
  • the direct output voltage of the flyback circuit included in the power-taking unit is lower than 7V.
  • the flyback circuit included in the power-taking unit adopts bridge rectification, and the total capacitance of the DC filter capacitor connected after rectification is greater than 3uF.
  • the wireless communication unit P20 includes a WiFi module, and the WiFi module works in an intermittent mode: when there is no data interaction, the WiFi module is in a dormant state, wakes up by itself every preset time, and communicates with the cloud server background once, and the The preset time is greater than 100mS and less than 5S.
  • the wireless communication unit P20 includes a WiFi module
  • the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30 includes a single-chip microcomputer (MCU)
  • the WiFi module and the MCU are connected through at least 4 wires. Connecting: 4 wires, 1 ground wire, 2 serial port data wires, and 1 wake-up wire; wherein, the ground wire is used as a common reference point between the WiFi module and the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30
  • the serial port data line is set to exchange data between the WiFi module and the MCU, and the wake-up line wakes up the WiFi module in advance when the single-chip microcomputer performs data exchange.
  • the wireless communication unit P20 includes a WiFi module
  • the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30 includes a single-chip microcomputer (MCU)
  • the WiFi module and the single-chip microcomputer pass at least 5 wires.
  • the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30 includes a single-chip microcomputer (MCU). , local key or local potentiometer to wake up.
  • MCU microcomputer
  • an impedance component R1 in the rectification and filtering circuit including the flyback circuit in the power-taking unit there is an impedance component R1 in the rectification and filtering circuit including the flyback circuit in the power-taking unit, and the DC impedance of the impedance component R1 is greater than 3.3 ohms and less than 3300 ohms.
  • the live wire input port is the input port of the single live wire dimmer, and the live wire output port is the output port of the single live wire dimmer. between.
  • the power-taking unit P10 is connected to the input and output terminals of the single live wire dimmer, and the city current passes through the lighting loads (generally light bulbs, light sources, lamps, etc.)
  • the input terminal of the power-taking unit P10, the power-taking unit P10 rectifies and filters the input, and performs voltage conversion to output low-voltage direct current to provide a stable DC power supply for the wireless communication unit P20, dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30 .
  • the wireless communication unit P20 generally adopts a communication module conforming to the WiFi protocol, or other communication modules, which can complete the data communication function between the single live wire dimmer and the cloud server. It is powered by the internal power-taking unit P10 and controlled by the data line And the phase cut adjustment unit P30 is connected.
  • the wireless communication unit P20 is connected to the local area network through wireless signals, and further receives data or instructions from the server, and sends the data or instructions to the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30 through the serial data line;
  • the data and requests of the light control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30 are uploaded to the server; when the single live wire dimmer is in the cut-off (light off) state, the wireless communication unit P20 can work in the mode of dormancy and intermittent work most of the time, so as to To reduce power consumption, it wakes itself up periodically and sends heartbeat packets to the server; it can also be woken up by the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30 at any time, accepting data and instructions from the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30, executing instructions or switching
  • the data is uploaded to the cloud server.
  • the wireless communication unit P20 completes the function of connecting the single live wire dimmer to the cloud.
  • the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30 is connected to the input end (fire wire in) and output end (fire wire out) of the single fire wire dimmer, which includes at least one bidirectional thyristor switch device, and generally includes a single-chip microcomputer (MCU) .
  • MCU microcomputer
  • the MCU in the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30 receives the voltage change signal from the button or potentiometer to control the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit P30
  • the conduction phase angle of the bidirectional thyristor so as to realize the adjustment function of the output voltage of the connected load, that is, the dimming function; at the same time, the user can also adjust the light to the single live wire through smart terminals, AI speakers and other terminal equipment.
  • the controller sends an operation command, which performs data interaction with the wireless communication unit P20 through the cloud server and the local area network where the user is located, and is further sent by the wireless communication unit P20 to the MCU in the control dimming control and phase-cut adjustment unit P30,
  • the MCU realizes the function of dimming the load connected in series by controlling the conduction phase angle of the bidirectional thyristor.
  • the core of this circuit topology lies in: 1.
  • the core of the combination of the three units lies in their common reference point, that is, the reference ground, whose potential is lower than the A1 (T1) pole of the triac, and the power-taking unit A low-impedance loop is allowed to be formed between the positive pole of the provided low-voltage DC power supply, the A1 (T1) pole of the bidirectional thyristor switch device Q1, the bidirectional thyristor gate (G) pole, and the reference point.
  • the power-taking unit P10 is composed of a flyback switching power supply converter.
  • the power supply itself has low loss during operation.
  • the control IC that completes the flyback switching power supply supports low operating voltage and small operating current.
  • the switching device adopts MOSFET.
  • the power-taking unit P10 adopts an isolation transformer, which includes at least 3 independent windings, and the isolation voltage between the windings is at least greater than 500VAC. 4. And when the smart dimmer is off (turning off the light), the wireless communication unit P20 is in the sleep mode most of the time and works intermittently.
  • the live wire input port is the input end of the single live wire dimmer
  • the live wire output port is the output end of the single live wire dimmer
  • the single live wire dimmer is connected in series between the mains and the lighting load.
  • AC power in actual use, the two ports can be exchanged arbitrarily, or regardless of polarity.
  • this application proposes a basic circuit schematic diagram of a circuit topology of a single live wire dimmer, and the circuit schematic diagram embodies the specific implementation method of the working principle of the circuit topology of this application.
  • the live wire input port is the input port of the single live wire dimmer, and the live wire output port is the output port of the single live wire dimmer. between.
  • the mains AC power is input to the two terminals of the single live wire dimmer through the lighting load (generally light bulbs, light sources, lamps, etc.) connected in series by the single live wire dimmer, that is, two points A and B, and A and B are connected to the bridge
  • the AC input terminal of the rectifier bridge B1, the rectifier bridge B1 rectifies the input AC into a fluctuating DC, and sends it to the two terminals C and G of the capacitor C1 for filtering, the capacitor C1, the flyback control ICU1, the transformer T1, the diode D1, the capacitor C2, the diode D2 and capacitor C3 form the flyback DC/DC power converter.
  • the flyback control ICU1 works in switch mode.
  • the high-voltage direct current at the two terminals of the flyback control ICC1 is converted to the low-voltage direct current at the two terminals of the capacitor C3 through the high-frequency transformer T1.
  • Electrical isolation, the other winding of the isolation transformer T1 provides low-voltage DC power supply for the flyback control ICU1 through the diode D1 and the capacitor C2.
  • the voltage at the two ends of the capacitor C2 is the power supply voltage of the flyback control ICU1.
  • the voltage is lower than 7V, generally 3.3 ⁇ 5.5V between. Since the built-in high-voltage switching device of U1 is a voltage-controlled component MOSFET, the operating current of U1 is relatively low, and thus the power consumption is relatively low.
  • the current flowing through the rectifier bridge B1 is less than 200uA, or even less than 100uA.
  • the current is approximately equal to the series leakage current flowing through the single live wire dimmer. The reduction of this current can effectively solve the problem that the lighting load suddenly flickers or traces when the single live wire dimmer is in the off state.
  • the output winding of the isolation transformer T1 is rectified and filtered by the diode D2 and the capacitor C3 and then output.
  • the two terminals D and E of the capacitor C3 are the output terminals. Wireless communication, MCU and other circuits work more stably.
  • DC power supply U2 is generally composed of a linear voltage regulator and a filter circuit, which outputs stable low-voltage direct current to F and E.
  • Terminal E is the internal reference point of the single live wire dimmer and the negative pole of the power supply
  • F is the positive pole of the power supply for the internal power supply of the single live wire dimmer.
  • the bidirectional thyristor switch device Q1 is connected in series between the input terminal A and the output terminal B of the single live wire dimmer, and the load circuit flows through the main circuit.
  • U3 (MCU), zero-crossing detection N2, impedance network N1, bidirectional thyristor Q1 constitute a dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit,
  • U3 (MCU) detects the operation command from the user, and obtains the market
  • the electrical zero point signal is controlled by the impedance network N1, and the drive voltage is applied to the A1 (T1) pole and G pole (gate pole) of the bidirectional thyristor switch device Q1 at a specific phase angle of the AC mains.
  • the characteristics of the drive voltage are
  • the A1 (T1) pole voltage of the bidirectional thyristor Q1 is higher than the G pole (gate) of the bidirectional thyristor Q1, so that the bidirectional thyristor Q1 works in the second and third quadrants, realizing the series connection
  • the adjustment function of the lighting load that is, the dimming function. Since the bidirectional thyristor switching device Q1 works in the second and third quadrants, the dependence on the bidirectional thyristor's maintenance current parameters is reduced, so that the single live wire dimmer can match more LED lighting loads and reduce the dimming process. Especially low brightness is a problem with flickering lighting loads.
  • the impedance network N1 is set to limit the driving current to the gate of the bidirectional thyristor Q1, and the impedance network N1 is connected in series with the positive pole of the internal power supply, the A1 (T1) pole of the bidirectional thyristor Q1, and the bidirectional thyristor switch In the loop of device Q1 gate, MCU dimming drive control terminal, and internal power supply, it can be located between the positive pole of the internal power supply and the A1 (T1) pole of the bidirectional thyristor switch device Q1, or it can be located in the bidirectional thyristor switch Between the gate of device Q1 and the MCU dimming drive control terminal.
  • the wireless communication module M1 (WiFi module) constitutes a wireless communication unit, which generally consists of a wireless communication chip, antenna, antenna impedance network, and power filter circuit.
  • the module is installed on the PCB as a whole, and generally has a complete communication
  • the protocol stack conforms to one or several communication protocols, for example, WiFi and BLE communication can be performed simultaneously or in time.
  • the wireless communication module M1 (WiFi module) can directly perform data interaction with the smart terminal, or perform data interaction with the cloud server through the local area network.
  • the wireless communication module M1 (WiFi module) performs data interaction with U3 (MCU) through the serial port
  • the user's operation instructions, setting information and other data are transmitted to U3 (MCU), or the data of U3 (MCU) is transmitted to the user. Based on this data link, the intelligence of the dimmer is realized.
  • the capacitance of the capacitor C1 is generally larger than 3uF, so as to ensure that the energy stored in the capacitor C1 can meet the requirements of the internal circuit of the dimmer.
  • the wireless communication module M1 when the single live wire dimmer is in the cut-off (light off) state, the wireless communication module M1 (WiFi module) works in the mode of dormancy and intermittent work most of the time, ensuring that its average current is lower than 10mA, Generally, it is lower than 1mA.
  • This feature can reduce the standby power consumption of the single live wire dimmer, and eliminate the controlled lighting when the dimmer is cut off (light off) due to the excessive standby current of the single live wire dimmer.
  • the load bulb/light source/luminaire
  • the wireless communication module M1 wakes itself up periodically and sends a heartbeat packet to the server to ensure quasi-real-time communication with the server.
  • the general wake-up period is between 0.1 second and 5 seconds.
  • a complete single live wire intelligent dimmer can be realized.
  • the dimmer does not need a neutral wire, and can replace the existing dimmer installation; no IoT gateway is required, and the cloud server can be accessed through WiFi , to provide users with unlimited intelligent control functions, is the most ideal form of smart home hardware products.
  • FIG. 3 the circuit schematic diagram of the application example 1 of the single live wire dimmer of the present application.
  • This application example is based on the principle of the basic circuit topology of the single live wire dimmer circuit topology of this application.
  • the standby time of the single live wire dimmer in the cut-off (light-off) state is further reduced. power consumption, reducing the latency of internal communication.
  • the wireless communication unit is composed of M1 (WiFi module), which is connected with U3 (MCU) in the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit through 4 wires: ground wire W0, serial data wire W1, serial data wire W2, communication Wake up line W3.
  • the ground wire W0 is used as the common reference point of the two parts of the circuit
  • the serial port data line W1 and the serial port data line W2 are set to exchange data between the WiFi module and MCU
  • the communication wake-up line W3 is set to exchange data between U3 (MCU) and M1 (WiFi module) When swapping, wake up the WiFi module in advance.
  • M1 (WiFi module) can be in deep sleep to reduce power consumption.
  • the wake-up mechanism can ensure the success rate of communication between U3 (MCU) and M1 (WiFi module) and speed up the response time. Reduce communication time, and further reduce power consumption.
  • a high-performance single live wire intelligent dimmer can be realized.
  • the dimmer does not need a neutral wire, and can replace the existing dimmer installation; no IoT gateway is required, and it can be connected to the cloud through WiFi
  • the server provides users with unlimited intelligent control functions.
  • the minimum power of the compatible lighting load can be lower, generally 7VA or below, and has good load compatibility.
  • This application example is based on the principle of the basic circuit topology of the single live wire dimmer circuit topology of this application.
  • it further reduces the power consumption of the single live wire dimmer in the cut-off (light-off) state.
  • the standby power consumption reduces the delay of internal communication.
  • the wireless communication unit is composed of M1 (WiFi module), which is connected with U3 (MCU) in the dimming control and phase-cutting adjustment unit through 5 wires: ground wire W0, serial data wire W1, W2 serial data wire W2, Communication wake-up line W3, communication wake-up line W4.
  • the ground wire W0 is used as the common reference point of the two parts of the circuit
  • the serial port data line is set as M1 (WiFi module) and U3 (MCU) for data exchange
  • the communication wake-up line W3 is set as U3 (MCU) and M1 (WiFi module) for data exchange When swapping, wake up the WiFi module in advance.
  • the communication wake-up line W4 is set to wake up the MCU in advance when M1 (WiFi module) and U3 (MCU) are exchanging data. Based on this circuit connection method and working mode, M1 (WiFi module) can be in deep sleep to reduce power consumption. When the dimmer is in the cut-off (light off) state, U3 (MCU) can also be in sleep mode to further reduce The standby power consumption of the dimmer. At the same time, the wake-up mechanism can ensure the success rate of communication between U3 (MCU) and M1 (WiFi module), speed up the response time, reduce the communication time, and further reduce power consumption. Can be lower than 120uA.
  • a higher-performance single live wire intelligent dimmer can be realized.
  • the dimmer does not need a neutral wire, and can replace the existing dimmer; it does not need an IoT gateway and can be accessed through WiFi
  • the cloud server provides users with unlimited intelligent control functions.
  • the minimum power of the compatible lighting load can be lower, generally 5VA or below, and has excellent load compatibility.
  • the response speed is faster.
  • This application example is based on the principle of the basic circuit topology of the single live wire dimmer circuit topology of this application.
  • the waveform of the input current of the power-taking unit is changed, thereby reducing the influence of the N2 zero-crossing detection circuit, thereby improving the dimming performance.
  • Resistor R1 is connected in series between bridge rectifier bridge B1 and high-voltage filter capacitor C1.
  • the DC impedance of resistor R1 is between 3.3 and 3300 ohms, generally between 10 and 200 ohms.
  • Resistor R1 and high-voltage filter capacitor C1 An RC integral filter circuit is formed to make the input current of the power-taking unit smoother. The existence of the R1 resistor makes the charging current of the high-voltage filter capacitor C1 not so high that the N2 zero-crossing detection circuit detects the AC mains zero-crossing signal when the dimmer is at the maximum conduction angle, eliminating the flicker problem during the dimming process .
  • the present application also proposes a single live wire intelligent dimmer, which includes the above-mentioned single live wire dimmer circuit topology.
  • the detailed structure of the circuit topology of the single live wire dimmer can refer to the above-mentioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here; Therefore, the embodiment of the single live wire smart dimmer of the present application includes all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments of the single live wire dimmer circuit topology, and the achieved technical effects are exactly the same, and will not be repeated here. Based on the circuit principle of the single live wire dimmer circuit topology above, a higher performance single live wire smart dimmer can be realized, and its dimming compatibility is better.

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种单火线调光器电路拓扑及单火线智能调光器，其包括三个电路单元，第一电路单元为取电单元；第二电路单元为无线通讯单元；第三电路单元为调光控制及切相调节单元。三者结合的核心在于其共同参考点，即参考地，其电位低于双向可控硅开关器件的A1（或T1）极，当调光器处于截止（关灯时），反激电路运行间歇性工作模式，无线通讯电路也处于间歇性工作模式。

Description

单火线调光器电路拓扑及单火线智能调光器
本申请要求于2022年1月29号申请的、申请号为202210111639.1的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合于此。
技术领域
本申请涉及低压电气、电子控制、物联网信息技术领域，特别是指一种单火线调光器电路拓扑及单火线智能调光器。
 背景技术
调光器（调光开关）能调节光源、灯具的亮度，相对于开关，能让人们有非常好的照明环境照明体验，在人们的生活中被广泛使用，尤其是欧美等西方国家，调光器几乎成为照明控制最主流的低压电气附件设备。
随着无线通讯技术、物联网技术的成熟，智能家居产品变得越发的成熟，近年来智能家居产品逐渐进入了市场，为广大消费者所接受。其中，智能调光器/智能调光开关成为了智能家居产品里面的最核心的产品之一，尤其在美国、加拿大等国家，智能调光器逐渐成为人们购买开关的主要选择之一。智能调光器不但可以实现传统调光器的调光功能，有更好的调光效果，与此同时，内置无线通讯技术能让智能调光器连接至云端，带来了更多更便捷的控制方式：如本地遥控，程序控制，语音控制，app控制等各种控制方式，并接入第三方的智能家居系统、或其他人工智能控制系统，能给消费者带来更好的体验。
当前的调光器/调光开关大多采用隐藏式布线，走线在墙壁里面，这些控制灯光设备的走线没有零线，串联在火线回路中，由于没有零线，无法形成回路。
由于智能调光器内部电路需要取电，尤其是当智能调光器内置WiFi通讯功能时，其通讯时需要数十mA甚至数百mA的电流，在调光器截止（关灯）状态下，由于智能调光器工作所耗费的电流，将会导致漏电流通过所串联的调光器回路，导致调光器所控制的照明负载（灯泡/光源/灯具）突然闪亮，或者微亮等不期望的现象出现。或者出现调光器内部供电电路无法提供正常的电源，导致调光器无法正常工作的现象。或者是由于智能调光器工作所需的电流较大，导致调光器在调光工作过程中，产生照明负载闪动的问题。
如何解决调光器在单火线应用下，可以给WiFi电路正常供电，在关灯情况下不会导致负载灯泡亮起或发出微弱的光，如何在调光过程中，负载灯泡不出现闪动的现象，如何在所有条件下，能为调光器内部提供稳定的供电，成为了近年来，行业内最大的难题之一。
针对智能调光的相关专利较多，如：
专利1（中国专利申请号201210397811.2，基于WIFI网络的LED双调光控制系统）提供了一种WIFI调光的实现方法，但该方法无法应用在通用的照明应用中；
专利2（中国专利 201380007047.4，PCT/IB2013/050569 2013.01.23 用于前沿可调光驱动器的双线而无中线的数字调光器以及对其进行操作的方法）、专利3（中国专利申请号201610926219.3 具有改进的过零检测的二线调光器）、专利4（中国专利申请号201810266931.4 调光出发电路及调光器）、专利5（中国专利申请号201980035395.X 通用调光器）、专利5（中国专利申请号2021910825027.7 一种单火线多功能调光器）、专利6（中国专利 202010613728.7 调光器的调光方法、装置、存储介质及调光器）等，这些专利提供单火线调光器的实施方案、改善调光效果的方案，但这些方案无法提供无线通讯和用户智能控制的功能；
专利7（中国专利 202011637889.6 基于通信协议调光的可控硅调光器及其工作方法）、专利8（中国专利 201910582886.8 一种可遥控的调光器电路）、专利9（中国专利 201811524469.X 一种基于物联网的多功能调光器）、专利10（中国专利 201811058891.0 一种智能TRIAC调光器）、专利11（中国专利 201510138148.6 一种智能通用调光器）等，这些专利提供智能调光器的数种实现方法，其公布的技术，在市面上销售的产品已经广泛使用，但是都无法直接将WiFi通讯技术应用在单火线的调光器中，无法解决单火线智能调光器在关灯时的负载闪亮，调光过程中负载闪动问题的一个和多个问题。
受制于当前技术的局限，目前市面上已有的产品和公开发表的技术资料、专利文献中，没有一种可行的电路拓扑，可以解决在调光器截止（关灯）状态下，由于智能调光器工作所耗费的电流，将会导致漏电流通过所串联的调光器回路，导致调光器所控制的照明负载（灯泡/光源/灯具）突然闪亮、或者微亮等不期望的现象；或者出现调光器内部供电电路无法提供正常的电源，导致调光器无法正常工作的现象；或者是由于智能调光器工作所需的电流较大，导致调光器在调光工作过程中，产生照明负载闪动的调光兼容性问题。
所以市场上还没有出现内置WiFi功能的单火线智能调光器/调光开关。
 技术问题
本申请提出一种单火线调光器电路拓扑及单火线调光器，解决了现有单火线调光器智能化的内部供电问题、过零问题和调光兼容性问题，使单火线调光器内置WiFi功能变成了可以实现的技术方案。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述目的，本申请提供一种单火线调光器/调光开关电路拓扑结构，通过巧妙设置调光器内部的参考点，切相调光控制电路、通讯电路的工作模式，及相互的电路连接方式，能将内置WiFi功能调光器在截止（关灯）状态下，使流经调光器的漏电流控制在200uA以内，甚至低于100uA，同时，使切相调光控制电路中双向可控硅开关器件工作在二、三象限，减少对双向可控硅维持电流的依赖，避免在调光过程中，调至低亮度下，负载灯泡闪烁的问题，大大提高了调光器的调光兼容性。并通过对取电电路参数的巧妙设定，确保了调光器内部供电的稳定，并减少了调光器内部取电导致的调光过程中的负载闪烁问题。
本申请的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种单火线调光器电路拓扑，其包括三个电路单元，三个电路单元分别为第一电路单元、第二电路单元及第三电路单元；所述第一电路单元为取电单元，所述取电单元由反激式电路构成，包含有至少一个隔离变压器；所述隔离变压器至少有3个绕组，不同绕组之间隔离电压大于500VAC，所述第一电路单元为所述第二电路单元及所述第三电路单元提供低压直流供电；
所述第二电路单元为无线通讯单元，所述无线通讯单元至少包含一个能完成无线通讯功能的芯片，以完成将智能调光器与云服务器的数据通讯功能；
所述第三电路单元为调光控制及切相调节单元，所述调光控制及切相调节单元至少包含一个双向可控硅开关器件，完成将市电在一个周期内，特定相位角导通的功能；
所述第一电路单元、第二电路单元及第三电路单元具有共同参考点，所述第一电路单元、第二电路单元及第三电路单元共同参考点的电位低于双向可控硅开关器件的A1(T1)极，所述取电单元所提供的低压直流电源的正极、所述双向可控硅开关器件的A1(T1)极、所述双向可控硅门（G）极与所述参考点之间能够形成低阻抗回路；当智能调光器处于截止（关灯时），所述取电单元的反激电路运行间歇性工作模式，无线通讯单元电路处于间歇性工作模式。
作为本申请的一个可选实施例，其取电单元中包含有反激电路，所述取电单元中包含的反激电路，所述反激电路包括MOSFET的集成电路，所述MOSFET的集成电路的最低工作电压低于7V，MOSFET的集成电路工作在间歇模式或者低功耗模式时最长的关断时间大于500uS。
作为本申请的一个可选实施例，所述取电单元中包含的反激电路直接输出电压低于7V。
作为本申请的一个可选实施例，所述取电单元中包含的反激电路采用桥式整流，整流后连接的直流滤波电容的总容值大于3uF。
作为本申请的一个可选实施例，所述无线通讯单元中包含一个WiFi模块，所述WiFi模块工作在间歇模式：没有数据交互时，WiFi模块处于休眠状态，每间隔预设时间进行自我唤醒，和云服务器后台通讯一次，所述预设时间大于100mS，小于5S。
作为本申请的一个可选实施例，所述无线通讯单元中包含有一个WiFi模块，所述调光控制及切相调节单元中包含有一个单片机（MCU），所述WiFi模块与MCU通过至少4根线进行连接：4根线分别1根地线，2根串口数据线，1根唤醒线；其中，所述地线作为所述WiFi模块和所述调光控制及切相调节单元的共同参考点，所述串口数据线设置为所述WiFi模块与MCU进行数据交换，所述唤醒线在所述单片机进行数据交换时，提前唤醒WiFi模块。
作为本申请的一个可选实施例，其无线通讯单元中包含有一个WiFi模块，所述调光控制及切相调节单元中包含有一个单片机（MCU），该WiFi模块与所述单片机通过至少5根线进行连接：1根地线，2根串口数据线，2根唤醒线；其中，地线作为所述WiFi模块和所述调光控制及切相调节单元的共同参考点，所述串口数据线设置为所述WiFi模块与单片机进行数据交换，1根唤醒线设置为所述单片机在进行数据交换时，提前唤醒所述WiFi模块，另外一根唤醒线设置为在WiFi模块与所述单片机进行数据交换时，提前唤醒单片机。
作为本申请的一个可选实施例，所述调光控制及切相调节单元中包含有一个单片机（MCU），在智能调光器处于截止状态时，所述单片机工作在休眠模式，所述单片机通过WiFi模块、本地按键或本地电位器进行唤醒。
作为本申请的一个可选实施例，所述取电单元中包含反激电路的整流滤波回路中，有一个阻抗元器件，所述阻抗元器件的直流阻抗大于3.3欧姆，小于3300欧姆。
本申请还提出一种单火线智能调光器，包括如上所述单火线调光器电路拓扑构成，所述单火线智能调光器无线通讯部分是遵从部分WiFi协议。
 有益效果
本申请的功能在于：基于本申请的创新性的电路拓扑，可以实现内置WiFi通讯功能的单火线智能调光器，在成本上升不多的前提下，消费者可以直接替换升级现有传统调光器为WiFi智能调光器，无需物联网网关，可以拥有诸多智能控制功能，改善生活空间的舒适性和便利性；同时也无需为智能调光器提供零线，极大减少了铜资源的浪费，也减少安全事故的发生。有着非常良好的社会及经济价值。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请单火线调光器电路拓扑的功能模块示意图；
图2是本申请单火线调光器电路拓扑的基本电路原理图；
图3是本申请单火线调光器应用实例1的电路原理图；
图4是本申请单火线调光器应用实例2的电路原理图；
图5是本申请单火线调光器应用实例3的电路原理图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
需要说明，本申请实施例中所有方向性指示（诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……）仅用于解释在某一特定姿态（如附图所示）下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等，如果该特定姿态发生改变时，则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外，在本申请中涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本申请要求的保护范围之内。
如图1所示，本申请提出了一种单火线调光器电路拓扑，其包括三个电路单元，三个电路单元分别为第一电路单元、第二电路单元及第三电路单元，对应为取电单元P10、无线通讯单元P20和调光控制及切相调节单元P30。
所述第一电路单元为取电单元P10，所述取电单元P10由反激式电路构成，包含有至少一个隔离变压器；所述隔离变压器至少有3个绕组，不同绕组之间隔离电压大于500VAC，所述第一电路单元为所述第二电路单元及所述第三电路单元提供低压直流供电；
所述第二电路单元为无线通讯单元P20，所述无线通讯单元P20至少包含一个能完成无线通讯功能的芯片，以完成将智能调光器与云服务器的数据通讯功能；
所述第三电路单元为调光控制及切相调节单元P30，所述调光控制及切相调节单元P30至少包含一个双向可控硅开关器件Q1，所述双向可控硅开关器件Q1设置为控制市电在一个周期内的特定相位角导通；
所述第一电路单元、第二电路单元及第三电路单元具有共同参考点，即参考地，所述第一电路单元、第二电路单元及第三电路单元共同参考点的电位低于双向可控硅开关器件Q1的A1(T1)极，所述取电单元P10所提供的低压直流电源的正极、所述双向可控硅开关器件Q1的A1(T1)极、所述双向可控硅门（G）极与所述参考点之间能够形成低阻抗回路；当智能调光器处于截止（关灯时），所述取电单元P10的反激电路运行间歇性工作模式，无线通讯单元P20电路处于间歇性工作模式。
所述取电单元中包含的反激电路，所述反激电路包括内置MOSFET的集成电路（IC），所述MOSFET的集成电路的最低工作电压低于7V，MOSFET的集成电路工作在间歇模式或者低功耗模式时最长的关断时间大于500uS。
所述取电单元中包含的反激电路直接输出电压低于7V。
所述取电单元中包含的反激电路采用桥式整流，整流后连接的直流滤波电容的总容值大于3uF。
所述无线通讯单元P20中包含一个WiFi模块，所述WiFi模块工作在间歇模式：没有数据交互时，WiFi模块处于休眠状态，每间隔预设时间进行自我唤醒，和云服务器后台通讯一次，所述预设时间大于100mS，小于5S。
在一实施方式中，所述无线通讯单元P20中包含有一个WiFi模块，所述调光控制及切相调节单元P30中包含有一个单片机（MCU），所述WiFi模块与MCU通过至少4根线进行连接：4根线分别1根地线，2根串口数据线，1根唤醒线；其中，所述地线作为所述WiFi模块和所述调光控制及切相调节单元P30的共同参考点，所述串口数据线设置为所述WiFi模块与MCU进行数据交换，所述唤醒线在所述单片机进行数据交换时，提前唤醒WiFi模块。
在一实施方式中，其无线通讯单元P20中包含有一个WiFi模块，所述调光控制及切相调节单元P30中包含有一个单片机（MCU），该WiFi模块与所述单片机通过至少5根线进行连接：1根地线，2根串口数据线，2根唤醒线；其中，地线作为所述WiFi模块和所述调光控制及切相调节单元P30的共同参考点，所述串口数据线设置为所述WiFi模块与单片机进行数据交换，1根唤醒线设置为所述单片机在进行数据交换时，提前唤醒所述WiFi模块，另外一根唤醒线设置为在WiFi模块与所述单片机进行数据交换时，提前唤醒单片机。
在一实施方式中，所述调光控制及切相调节单元P30中包含有一个单片机（MCU），在智能调光器处于截止状态时，所述单片机工作在休眠模式，所述单片机通过WiFi模块、本地按键或本地电位器进行唤醒。
在一实施方式中，所述取电单元中包含反激电路的整流滤波回路中，有一个阻抗元器件R1，所述阻抗元器件R1的直流阻抗大于3.3欧姆，小于3300欧姆。
火线进端口是单火线调光器的输入端，火线出端口是单火线调光器输出端，用户实际使用过程中，单火线调光器通过这二个端口，串联安装在市电和照明负载之间。取电单元P10连接至单火线调光器的输入和输出端，市电流经经单火线调光器所串联的照明负载（一般为灯泡、光源、灯具等），并从这两端输入交流电至取电单元P10的输入端，取电单元P10将该输入进行整流、滤波，并进行电压变换，输出低压直流电，为无线通讯单元P20、调光控制及切相调节单元P30提供稳定的直流供电电源。
无线通讯单元P20一般采用符合WiFi协议的通讯模块，或者其他通讯模块，能完成将单火线调光器和云服务器进行数据通讯功能，其由内部取电单元P10供电，通过数据线与调光控制及切相调节单元P30连接。无线通讯单元P20通过无线信号，连接至本地局域网，并进一步接收来自服务器的数据或指令，并将数据或指令通过串行数据线下发至调光控制及切相调节单元P30；也将来自调光控制及切相调节单元P30的数据、请求上传至服务器；在单火线调光器处于截止（关灯）状态时，无线通讯单元P20可以工作在大部分时间休眠、间歇性工作的模式，以降低功耗，其定期自我唤醒，向服务器发送心跳包；也可以随时被调光控制及切相调节单元P30唤醒，接受来自调光控制及切相调节单元P30的数据和指令，执行指令或将数据上传至云服务器。无线通讯单元P20完成将单火线调光器连接至云端的功能。
调光控制及切相调节单元P30连接至单火线调光器的输入端（火线进）和输出端（火线出），其至少包含一个双向可控硅开关器件，一般还包含一个单片机（MCU）。当用户操作单火线调光器上按键或电位器时，调光控制及切相调节单元P30中的MCU接受的来自按键或电位器上的电压变化信号，控制调光控制及切相调节单元P30中双向可控硅的导通相位角，从而实现对所串联负载的输出电压的调节功能，即调光功能；同时，用户还可以通过智能终端、AI音箱等其他终端设备，向单火线调光器发送操作指令，该操作指令通过云服务器、用户所在场地的本地局域网与无线通讯单元P20进行数据交互，并进一步由无线通讯单元P20发送至控制调光控制及切相调节单元P30中的MCU，MCU通过控制双向可控硅的导通相位角，实现对所串联的负载进行调光的功能。
值得说明的是，该电路拓扑的核心在于：1、三个单元结合的核心在于其共同参考点，即参考地，其电位低于双向可控硅开关器件的A1(T1)极，取电单元所提供的低压直流电源的正极、双向可控硅开关器件Q1的A1(T1)极、双向可控硅门（G）极、参考点之间容许形成低阻抗回路。2、取电单元P10是由一个反激式开关电源变换器组成，工作时电源自身是损耗低，完成反激开关电源的控制IC支持低工作电压，工作电流小，开关器件采用MOSFET，在极小负载，尤其是输出低于5mA负载时，支持长时间的关断，且最长关断时间能大于500uS。3、取电单元P10采用了隔离变压器，该隔离变压器至少包含3个独立的绕组，绕组间的隔离电压至少大于500VAC。4、且当智能调光器处于截止（关灯时），无线通讯单元P20处于大部分时间休眠，间歇性工作的模式。
值得说明的是，火线进端口是单火线调光器的输入端，火线出端口是单火线调光器输出端，单火线调光器串联在市电和照明负载之间，由于是市电是交流电，在实际使用过程中，二个端口是可以任意调换，或者不分极性的。
如图2所示，本申请提出单火线调光器电路拓扑的基本电路原理图，该电路原理图体现了本申请电路拓扑的工作原理具体实现方法。
火线进端口是单火线调光器的输入端，火线出端口是单火线调光器输出端，用户实际使用过程中，单火线调光器通过这二个端口，串联安装在市电和照明负载之间。市电交流电经单火线调光器所串联的照明负载（一般为灯泡、光源、灯具等），输入至单火线调光器的二端，即A、B二点，A、B连接至桥式整流桥B1的交流输入端，整流桥B1将输入的交流电整流成波动直流电，送至电容C1二端C、G进行滤波，电容C1、反激控制ICU1、变压器T1、二极管D1、电容C2、二极管D2、电容C3组成了反激DC/DC电源变换器，反激控制ICU1工作在开关模式，通过高频变压器T1将反激控制ICC1二端的高压直流电，变换至电容C3二端的低压直流电，并进行电气隔离，隔离变压器T1的另外一个绕组通过二极管D1、电容C2为反激控制ICU1提供低压直流供电，电容C2二端的电压，是反激控制ICU1的供电电压，该电压低于7V，一般为3.3~5.5V之间。由于U1内置的高压开关器件是压控元器件MOSFET，因此，U1的工作电流比较低，进而功耗较低。在电容C3二端，输出极轻负载的情况下，如输出1mA时，流经整流桥B1电流小于200uA，甚至可以是少于100uA，在单火线调光器处于截止状态，流经整流桥B1的电流，约等于流经单火线调光器的串联漏电流，该电流的减少，能有效解决单火线调光器在关灯状态下，照明负载突然闪亮或微量的问题。隔离变压器T1的输出绕组经二极管D2、电容C3整流、滤波后输出，电容C3二端D、E点即为输出端，其输出的低压直流电为单火线调光器内部电路提供供电电源，为了使无线通讯、MCU等电路更稳定地工作，电容C3二端会连接至直流电源U2的输入端，直流电源U2一般采用线性稳压器和滤波电路组成，其输出稳定的低压直流电至F、E二端，E为单火线调光器内部参考点和电源负极，F为单火线调光器内部供电的电源正极。
双向可控硅开关器件Q1串联在至单火线调光器输入端A、输出端B二点之间，负载电路流经该主回路。U3（MCU）、过零检测N2、阻抗网络N1、双向可控硅开关器件Q1组成调光控制及切相调节单元，U3（MCU）检测来自用户的操作指令，并从过零检测N2获取市电的零点信号，通过阻抗网络N1控制，在交流市电特定的相位角上向双向可控硅开关器件Q1的A1(T1)极和G极（门极）施加驱动电压，驱动电压的特征是双向可控硅开关器件Q1的A1(T1)极电压高于双向可控硅开关器件Q1的G极（门极），使双向可控硅开关器件Q1工作在二、三象限，实现对所串联照明负载的调节功能，即调光功能。由于双向可控硅开关器件Q1工作在二、三象限，减少了对双向可控硅维持电流参数的依赖，从而使单火线调光器能匹配更多的LED照明负载，减少调光过程中，尤其是低亮度是照明负载闪动的问题。其中，阻抗网络N1设置为限制对双向可控硅开关器件Q1门极的驱动电流，阻抗网络N1串联在内部电源正极、双向可控硅开关器件Q1的A1(T1)极、双向可控硅开关器件Q1门极、MCU调光驱动控制端、内部电源的回路中，它既可以位于内部电源正极与双向可控硅开关器件Q1的A1(T1)极之间，也可以位于双向可控硅开关器件Q1门极与MCU调光驱动控制端之间。
无线通信模块M1（WiFi模块）组成无线通讯单元，一般由一个无线通讯芯片、天线，天线阻抗网络、电源滤波电路组成的通讯模块，该模块作为一个整体安装在PCB上，其一般有完整的通讯协议栈，符合某一种或几种通讯协议，例如可以同时或分时进行WiFi和BLE通讯。无线通信模块M1（WiFi模块）可以和智能终端直接进行数据交互，或者通过本地局域网和云服务器进行数据交互，同时，无线通信模块M1（WiFi模块）通过串口和U3（MCU）进行数据交互，将用户的操作指令、设置信息等数据传递给U3（MCU），或者将U3（MCU）的数据传递至给用户，基于此数据链路，实现了调光器的智能化。
在一实施方式中，电容C1的容值一般大于3uF，确保在电容C1上存储的能量能满足调光器内部电路的需求。
在一实施方式中，在单火线调光器处于截止（关灯）状态时，无线通信模块M1（WiFi模块）工作在大部分时间休眠、间歇性工作的模式，确保其平均电流低于10mA，一般是低于1mA，这个特征能降低单火线调光器的待机功耗，消除了由于单火线调光器待机电流过大，导致在调光器截止（关灯）状态下，所控制的照明负载（灯泡/光源/灯具）突然闪亮、或者微亮等问题。无线通信模块M1（WiFi模块）周期性地自我唤醒，向服务器发送心跳包，确保和服务器通讯的准实时性，一般唤醒的周期在0.1秒至5秒之间。
基于以上电路原理，可以实现了一个完整的单火线智能调光器，该调光器无需零线，可对现有的调光器进行替代安装；无需物联网网关，可通过WiFi接入云服务器，为用户提供不受限制的各种智能控制功能，是最理想的智能家居硬件产品形态。
如图3所示，本申请单火线调光器应用实例1的电路原理图。
本应用实例是基于本申请单火线调光器电路拓扑的基本电路的原理。在一实施方式中，通过设置无线通讯单元的通讯模块与调光控制及切相调节单元的MCU的连接方式及工作模式，进一步降低了单火线调光器在截止（关灯）状态下的待机功耗，降低了内部通讯的延迟。
无线通讯单元由M1（WiFi模块）组成，该WiFi模块与其调光控制及切相调节单元中U3（MCU）通过4根线进行连接：地线W0、串口数据线W1、串口数据线W2、通讯唤醒线W3。其中地线W0作为二部分电路的共同参考点，串口数据线W1、串口数据线W2设置为WiFi模块与MCU进行数据交换，通讯唤醒线W3设置为U3（MCU）与M1（WiFi模块）进行数据交换时，提前唤醒WiFi模块。基于此种电路连接方式和工作模式，M1（WiFi模块）可以处于深度休眠，降低功耗，同时该唤醒机制，可以确保U3（MCU）和M1（WiFi模块）通讯的成功率，加快响应时间，减少通讯时间，并进一步降低功耗。
基于以上电路原理，可以实现了一个高性能的单火线智能调光器，该调光器无需零线，可对现有的调光器进行替代安装；无需物联网网关，可通过WiFi接入云服务器，为用户提供不受限制的各种智能控制功能。同时，其兼容的照明负载的最小功率可以更低，一般可以到7VA或以下，并有着良好的负载兼容性。用户用APP、AI音箱等智能终端对调光器进行控制时，反应速度更快。
如图4所示，本申请单火线调光器应用实例2的电路原理图。
本应用实例是基于本申请单火线调光器电路拓扑的基本电路的原理。在一实施方式中，通过优化设置无线通讯单元的通讯模块与调光控制及切相调节单元的MCU的连接方式及工作模式，更进一步降低了单火线调光器在截止（关灯）状态下的待机功耗，降低了内部通讯的延迟。
无线通讯单元由M1（WiFi模块）组成，该WiFi模块与其调光控制及切相调节单元中U3（MCU）通过5根线进行连接：地线W0、串口数据线W1、W2串口数据线W2、通讯唤醒线W3、通讯唤醒线W4。其中地线W0作为二部分电路的共同参考点，串口数据线设置为M1（WiFi模块）与U3（MCU）进行数据交换，通讯唤醒线W3设置为U3（MCU）与M1（WiFi模块）进行数据交换时，提前唤醒WiFi模块。通讯唤醒线W4设置为M1（WiFi模块）与U3（MCU）在进行数据交换时，提前唤醒MCU。基于此种电路连接方式和工作模式，M1（WiFi模块）可以处于深度休眠，以降低功耗，当调光器处于截止（关灯）状态时，U3（MCU）也可以处于休眠模式，进一步降低调光器的待机功耗。同时该唤醒机制，可以确保U3（MCU）和M1（WiFi模块）通讯的成功率，加快响应时间，减少通讯时间，并进一步降低功耗，调光器在截止（关灯）状态下的漏电流能低于120uA。
基于以上电路原理，可以实现了一个更高性能的单火线智能调光器，该调光器无需零线，可对现有的调光器进行替代安装；无需物联网网关，可通过WiFi接入云服务器，为用户提供不受限制的各种智能控制功能。同时，其兼容的照明负载的最小功率可以更低，一般可以到5VA或以下，并有着优秀的负载兼容性。用户用APP、AI音箱等智能终端对调光器进行控制时，反应速度更快。
如图5所示，本申请单火线调光器应用实例3的电路原理图。
本应用实例是基于本申请单火线调光器电路拓扑的基本电路的原理。在一实施方式中，通过优化设置取电单元的电路拓扑，改变了取电单元输入电流的波形，进而减少了N2过零检测电路的影响，进而改善调光性能。
阻抗器R1，串联在桥式整流桥B1和高压滤波电容C1之间，阻抗器R1的直流阻抗为3.3至3300欧姆之间，一般为10至200欧姆之间，阻抗器R1和高压滤波电容C1构成一个RC积分滤波电路，使取电单元的输入电流更加平缓。R1阻抗器的存在，使得调光器处于最大导通角度时，高压滤波电容C1的充电电流不至于N2过零检测电路对交流市电过零信号的检测，消除调光过程中的闪动问题。
本申请还提出一种单火线智能调光器，包括如上所述的单火线调光器电路拓扑。
该单火线调光器电路拓扑的详细结构可参照上述实施例，此处不再赘述；可以理解的是，由于在本申请单火线智能调光器中使用了上述单火线调光器电路拓扑，因此，本申请单火线智能调光器的实施例包括上述单火线调光器电路拓扑全部实施例的全部技术方案，且所达到的技术效果也完全相同，在此不再赘述。基于以上单火线调光器电路拓扑的电路原理，可以实现一个更高性能的单火线智能调光器，其调光的兼容性更好。
以上仅为本申请的可选实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

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  1. 一种单火线调光器电路拓扑，其包括三个电路单元，三个电路单元分别为第一电路单元、第二电路单元及第三电路单元；所述第一电路单元为取电单元，所述取电单元由反激式电路构成，包含有至少一个隔离变压器；所述隔离变压器至少有3个绕组，不同绕组之间隔离电压大于500VAC，所述第一电路单元为所述第二电路单元及所述第三电路单元提供低压直流供电；
    所述第二电路单元为无线通讯单元，所述无线通讯单元至少包含一个能完成无线通讯功能的芯片，以完成将智能调光器与云服务器的数据通讯功能；
    所述第三电路单元为调光控制及切相调节单元，所述调光控制及切相调节单元至少包含一个双向可控硅开关器件，所述双向可控硅开关器件设置为控制市电在一个周期内的特定相位角导通；
    所述第一电路单元、第二电路单元及第三电路单元具有共同参考点，所述第一电路单元、第二电路单元及第三电路单元共同参考点的电位低于双向可控硅开关器件的A1(T1)极，所述取电单元所提供的低压直流电源的正极、所述双向可控硅开关器件的A1(T1)极、所述双向可控硅门（G）极与所述参考点之间能够形成低阻抗回路；当智能调光器处于截止（关灯时），所述取电单元的反激电路运行间歇性工作模式，无线通讯单元电路处于间歇性工作模式。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单火线调光器电路拓扑，其中，所述取电单元中包含的反激电路，所述反激电路包括内置MOSFET的集成电路（IC），所述MOSFET的集成电路的最低工作电压低于7V，MOSFET的集成电路工作在间歇模式或者低功耗模式时最长的关断时间大于500uS。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单火线调光器电路拓扑，其中，所述取电单元中包含的反激电路直接输出电压低于7V。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单火线调光器电路拓扑，其中，所述取电单元中包含的反激电路采用桥式整流，整流后连接的直流滤波电容的总容值大于3uF。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单火线调光器电路拓扑，其中，所述无线通讯单元中包含一个WiFi模块，所述WiFi模块工作在间歇模式：没有数据交互时，WiFi模块处于休眠状态，每间隔预设时间进行自我唤醒，和云服务器后台通讯一次，所述预设时间大于100mS，小于5S。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单火线调光器电路拓扑，其中，所述无线通讯单元中包含有一个WiFi模块，所述调光控制及切相调节单元中包含有一个单片机（MCU），所述WiFi模块与MCU通过至少4根线进行连接：4根线分别1根地线，2根串口数据线，1根唤醒线；其中，所述地线作为所述WiFi模块和所述调光控制及切相调节单元的共同参考点，所述串口数据线设置为所述WiFi模块与MCU进行数据交换，所述唤醒线在所述单片机进行数据交换时，提前唤醒WiFi模块。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单火线调光器电路拓扑，其中，其无线通讯单元中包含有一个WiFi模块，所述调光控制及切相调节单元中包含有一个单片机（MCU），该WiFi模块与所述单片机通过至少5根线进行连接：1根地线，2根串口数据线，2根唤醒线；其中，地线作为所述WiFi模块和所述调光控制及切相调节单元的共同参考点，所述串口数据线设置为所述WiFi模块与单片机进行数据交换，1根唤醒线设置为所述单片机在进行数据交换时，提前唤醒所述WiFi模块，另外一根唤醒线设置为在WiFi模块与所述单片机进行数据交换时，提前唤醒单片机。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单火线调光器电路拓扑，其中，所述调光控制及切相调节单元中包含有一个单片机（MCU），在智能调光器处于截止状态时，所述单片机工作在休眠模式，所述单片机通过WiFi模块、本地按键或本地电位器进行唤醒。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种单火线调光器电路拓扑，其中，所述取电单元中包含的反激电路的整流滤波回路中，有一个阻抗元器件，所述阻抗元器件的直流阻抗大于3.3欧姆，小于3300欧姆。
  10. 一种单火线智能调光器，包括如权利要求1-9任一项所述单火线调光器电路拓扑构成，所述单火线智能调光器无线通讯部分遵从部分WiFi协议。
PCT/CN2022/085037 2022-01-29 2022-04-02 单火线调光器电路拓扑及单火线智能调光器 Ceased WO2023142268A1 (zh)

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