WO2023130638A1 - 一种测试土工膜黏结性能的装置和方法 - Google Patents

一种测试土工膜黏结性能的装置和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023130638A1
WO2023130638A1 PCT/CN2022/092595 CN2022092595W WO2023130638A1 WO 2023130638 A1 WO2023130638 A1 WO 2023130638A1 CN 2022092595 W CN2022092595 W CN 2022092595W WO 2023130638 A1 WO2023130638 A1 WO 2023130638A1
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geomembrane
clamp
model box
metal
testing
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐浩青
骆汉轩
孙涛
姜朋明
周爱兆
王丽艳
齐永正
吴思麟
吴涛
梁景瑞
施鑫淼
孔德辉
陈建国
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
    • G01N19/04—Measuring adhesive force between materials, e.g. of sealing tape, of coating

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of geomembrane composite antifouling barrier engineering, in particular to a device and method for testing the bonding performance of geomembrane.
  • Geomembrane composite antifouling barrier is considered to be the safest and most effective underground pollution source barrier technology.
  • the composite antifouling barrier is formed by inserting a geomembrane into the traditional soil-bentonite wall or cement-bentonite wall, and a single geomembrane can also be inserted below the ground to form a geomembrane impervious wall.
  • Geomembrane cutoff walls are mainly built in soft soil or loose soil foundations, while geomembrane composite cutoff walls can be built in all foundation types.
  • a geomembrane (usually a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane] is used in conventional grout trench cutoff walls, with the primary purpose of creating a low-permeability barrier that prevents the migration of pollutants and controls possible gas migration.
  • Geosynthetics, such as HDPE can improve the performance of traditional mud trench cutoff walls, including: 1 reducing the permeability coefficient of the cutoff wall by two orders of magnitude; 2 improving the chemical resistance of the cutoff wall.
  • the anti-seepage performance of the anti-seepage mud can only be evaluated by testing the permeability coefficient of the anti-seepage mud with a permeation instrument.
  • the test results are single, and there is no combination of geomembrane and The overall performance of the anti-seepage mud is evaluated, and there is a lack of reliable methods and devices to evaluate and detect the bonding performance of the geomembrane and the anti-seepage mud at the bottom of the trench.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a geomembrane bonding performance testing device and its testing method, which solves the current situation that there is no special testing device for geomembrane bonding performance testing and thus affects the geomembrane anti-seepage performance.
  • the bonding performance between the geomembrane and the anti-seepage mud was obtained.
  • the present invention provides a geomembrane bonding performance testing device, comprising: a support frame, a tension sensor, a geomembrane fixture, a bottom support for placing a model box, a model box, and a bottom support for fixing the model box
  • the fixing device on the seat, the lifting device and the driving motor of the bottom support the lifting device includes the lifting main shaft, the horizontal worm gear and the horizontal worm, the external thread of the lifting main shaft meshes with the inner ring thread of the horizontal worm gear, and the outer ring tooth surface of the horizontal worm gear and the horizontal worm gear
  • the tooth surface at the front of the horizontal worm meshes, and the lifting spindle can move vertically under the action of the driving motor;
  • the support frame includes: fixed rods, vertical columns and crossbeams, the fixed rods are provided with at least two for fixing the whole test device on the horizontal ground, the crossbeams are horizontally fixed on the vertical fixed rods, and the vertical columns are perpendicular to
  • the upper end of the beam is fixed at the middle position of the beam, the lower end of the vertical column is fixedly connected to the upper end of the tension sensor, and the lower end of the tension sensor is connected to the upper end of the geomembrane clamp, and the change of force during the stretching process is transmitted to the computer control system through the tension sensor and a data acquisition system
  • the model box is a boxed watertight container with an upper opening for loading anti-seepage mud
  • the bottom support is a support platform with a flat surface, the bottom support is fixedly connected with the lifting spindle, and the model box passes through the fixing device Fastened to the bottom stand.
  • the geomembrane clamp includes: a metal sheet of the geomembrane clamp, a metal groove of the geomembrane clamp, a screw rod of the geomembrane clamp, a nut of the geomembrane clamp, a screw hole of the geomembrane clamp, and the screw of the geomembrane clamp is fixed on two sides of the metal groove of the geomembrane clamp
  • the metal sheet of the geomembrane clamp passes through the screw of the geomembrane clamp and is placed in the metal groove of the geomembrane clamp.
  • the nut of the clamp of the geomembrane clamp is connected with the screw of the clamp to fix the metal sheet of the geomembrane.
  • the geomembrane fixture of the present invention is suitable for geomembranes of different thicknesses, and the material of the geomembrane is not limited to LDPE geomembrane, LLDPE geomembrane, HDPE geomembrane, EVA geomembrane, ECB geomembrane, PVC geomembrane, Rough surface geomembrane; at the same time, the geomembrane structure can also be a composite thin-walled material composed of geotextile or geogrid, such as a layer of geotextile, a layer of geomembrane, a layer of geotextile, two layers of geomembrane, and two layers of geotextile. A composite thin-walled material composed of a layer of geomembrane;
  • the side wall of the model box will give a given pressure to the anti-seepage grout, which simulates the pressure of the groundwater and underground soil on the anti-seepage grout in the actual state.
  • the metal crossbar of the model box fixing device is divided into an upper crossbar and a lower crossbar.
  • the lower crossbar is under the bottom support, and the upper crossbar is The crossbar is above the model box, and the upper and lower crossbars fix the model box on the bottom support through metal nuts and metal crossbars;
  • test device also includes a metal screw rod, the metal screw rod is arranged between the vertical column and the tension sensor, and the metal screw rod is used to adjust the height of the geomembrane fixture.
  • a geomembrane guide plate is placed in the middle of the top of the model box to facilitate placing the geomembrane in the middle of the model box.
  • the height of the geomembrane needs to be 3-4cm higher than the model box, and the higher part clamps the geomembrane through the clamp under the tension sensor, and stretches downward through the support
  • the geomembrane is pulled out, and the tension sensor transmits the data to the computer to obtain the cohesion between a certain anti-seepage mud and the geomembrane, so as to evaluate the bonding performance of different geomembranes and anti-seepage mud.
  • the device can be used to test the bonding performance of different anti-seepage muds and geomembranes; for different muds, the greater the pull-out force of the geomembrane, the better the overall performance of the mud and the geomembrane.
  • the present invention provides a method for testing the bonding performance of a geomembrane, the method comprising:
  • Step S1 Pouring anti-seepage mud into the model box. After the model box is filled with mud, insert the geomembrane from the middle to the bottom of the model box.
  • the height of the geomembrane needs to be higher than the model box by 3- 4cm, put it in a constant temperature curing box for 7-28 days and then take it out;
  • Step S2 Fix the model box and the bottom support through the fixing device, clamp the geomembrane through the geomembrane clamp under the tension sensor, and stretch the bottom support slowly by computer control.
  • the tension sensor is directly connected to the
  • the computer is connected, and the data obtained during the stretching process is transmitted to the computer by the tension sensor, and the graph and data can be directly displayed on the computer, and the extreme value of the tension and the change of the tension can be seen intuitively, and the maximum value of the tension is taken as the geotechnical
  • the bonding strength of the membrane with some kind of anti-seepage mud is taken as the geotechnical The bonding strength of the membrane with some kind of anti-seepage mud.
  • a method for testing the bonding performance of geomembranes involved in the present invention realizes a method for evaluating the cohesion of different anti-seepage muds and geomembranes. The stronger the bonding force of the seepage mud, the better the bond between the seepage mud and the geomembrane at the bottom of the trench.
  • the device and method of the present invention are also applicable to the adhesion between other thin materials and their embedded materials.
  • the thickness of the thin-walled materials should be in the range of 0-10mm, and the materials include: geomembrane, cotton cloth, fiber cloth or made of Composite materials composed of geomembrane and geotextile, embedded materials include: cement concrete mortar, sand, organic bonding materials, etc.
  • Fig. 1 is the front view of device of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the side view of device of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is the effect drawing of device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the front view of the model box fixing device of the device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the side view of the model box fixing device of the device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is the top view of the model box fixing device of the device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is the front view of the geomembrane clamp of the device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a side view of the geomembrane clamp of the device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 is the top view of the geomembrane clamp of the device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 is the geomembrane plan view of device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is the top view of the geomembrane guide plate of the device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 12 is a side view of the geomembrane guide plate of the device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is the front view of the metal screw rod of the device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is the connection top view of the model box of the device of the present invention and the model box fixing device;
  • Fig. 15 is a side view of the connection between the mold box and the mold box fixing device of the device of the present invention.
  • the geomembrane bonding performance test device as shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 3, comprises: support frame, tension sensor 4, geomembrane fixture 5, the bottom bearing 8 that is used to place model box, model box 13, is used to put model box
  • the support frame includes: a fixed pole 1, a vertical column 2 and a crossbeam 14. There are two fixed poles 1 to fix the entire test device on the horizontal ground.
  • the lower end of the vertical column is fixedly connected to the upper end of the tension sensor 4, and the lower end of the tension sensor 4 is connected to the upper end of the geomembrane clamp 5;
  • the geomembrane clamp 5 consists of a geomembrane clamp metal sheet 19, a geomembrane clamp metal groove 20, a geomembrane clamp screw rod 21, a geomembrane clamp nut 22, and a geomembrane clamp screw hole 23 Composition, geomembrane fixture screw rod 21 is fixed on the two ends of geomembrane fixture metal groove 20, and geomembrane fixture metal piece 19 is put into geomembrane fixture metal groove 20 through geomembrane fixture screw rod 21, and geomembrane fixture nut 22 and geomembrane fixture The membrane clamp screw 21 is connected to fix the geomembrane metal sheet 19 .
  • the geomembrane clamp is connected to the tension sensor 4 through the geomembrane clamp screw hole 23, and the two ends of the geomembrane 6 are provided with grooves to facilitate placing the geomembrane through the geomembrane clamp screw 21 into the geomembrane metal groove 20, and then place the geomembrane
  • the clamp metal sheet 19 passes through the geomembrane clamp screw and is placed in the geomembrane metal groove 20, and the geomembrane clamp nut 22 is tightened to clamp the geomembrane 6;
  • the tension sensor 4 is connected to the geomembrane clamp 5, and the change of force during the stretching process is transmitted to the computer terminal 15 through the sensor 4;
  • FIG. 13 there is a metal screw rod 3 that can be manually twisted on the tension sensor 4, with a diameter of 50 mm, which is used to adjust the height of the geomembrane fixture; the metal screw rod 3 moves up and down by manually rotating the metal screw cap 26, The bottom of the metal screw rod 3 is connected with the metal small and thin screw rod 27, and the metal small and thin screw rod 27 is connected with the tension sensor, and then the up and down movement of the tension sensor can be controlled by manually rotating the metal screw cap 26.
  • the model box 13 is a box-packed watertight container with an upper opening for loading anti-seepage mud.
  • the top surface is made of acrylic material without a cover The box; the measurable geomembrane thickness range is 0.5-3mm.
  • geomembrane guide plate 24 is designed in the middle position of model case 13, and the two ends of geomembrane guide plate are fixed to geomembrane by buckle 25 centre position;
  • the bottom support 8 is a support platform with a flat surface. During installation, the bottom support is fixedly connected to the lifting spindle below the testing machine.
  • the model box fixing device 7 is composed of a metal nut 16, a metal cross bar 17, and a metal screw 18.
  • the model box fixing device metal cross bar 17 Divided into an upper cross bar and a lower cross bar, the lower cross bar is below the bottom support, the upper cross bar is above the model box, and the upper and lower cross bars fix the model box 13 on the bottom support through the metal nut 16 and the metal cross bar 17.
  • the lifting device includes a lifting main shaft 9, a horizontal worm gear 10 and a horizontal worm gear 11.
  • the external thread of the lifting main shaft is engaged with the inner ring thread of the horizontal worm gear 10, and the outer ring tooth surface of the horizontal worm gear 10 is engaged with the tooth surface of the front part of the horizontal worm gear 11.
  • the lifting spindle Under the action of the driving motor, the lifting spindle can perform vertical lifting movement;
  • test device was used to test the bonding performance between the geomembrane and the anti-seepage mud:
  • the model box 13 is first filled with mud, and then the geomembrane 6 shown in Figure 10 is placed in the model box from the middle of the mud according to the position of the geomembrane guide plate 24, and then placed in a constant temperature curing box for 7-28 days.
  • the model box is fixed on the bottom support 8 by the model box fixing device 7; the height of the geomembrane 6 needs to be higher than the model box 3-4cm, and the metal screw rod 3 is manually adjusted to adjust the height of the geomembrane clamp 5, and the higher
  • the geomembrane part is clamped by the geomembrane clamp, and the model box is installed;
  • the drive motor 12 is controlled by the computer control system and the data acquisition system 15 to adjust the downward movement of the lifting main shaft 9, the horizontal worm 11 of the driving motor rotates to drive the rotation of the horizontal worm wheel 1012, and the internal thread of the horizontal worm wheel 10 meshes with the outer thread of the lifting main shaft , so as to achieve the purpose of lifting and moving the lifting spindle; when the lifting spindle drives the bottom support and the model box fixed on the bottom support to move downward, the tension sensor 4 on the clamping geomembrane fixture can feel the change of force , and transmit the data to the computer control system and data acquisition system; the computer control system and data acquisition system record the force change of a certain mud in the process of stretching the geomembrane, and the maximum value of the force pulled out by different mud and geomembrane For comparison, in order to judge the bonding performance of geomembrane and some kind of anti-seepage mud.
  • the first group took 448g of attapulgite, 480g of cement, and 1120g of water; After the two model boxes were inside, a geomembrane was placed in the middle of the anti-seepage mud of the model box, and then the two model boxes were placed in a constant temperature curing box for 7 days. After seven days, the two groups of samples were stretched respectively. The measured The tensile force of the first group is 285.46N, and the tensile force of the second group is 307.83N.

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Abstract

一种测试土工膜黏结性能的装置和方法，装置包括：支撑框架、拉力传感器（4）、土工膜夹具（5）、用于放置模型箱（13）的底部支座（8）、模型箱（13）、用于将模型箱（13）固定在底部支座（8）上的固定装置（7）、底部支座（8）的升降装置和驱动装置（12）；解决目前无专用测试装置进行土工膜黏结性能测试从而影响土工膜防渗性能的现状，通过设计测试装置准确测得土工膜与防渗泥浆之间的黏结性能。

Description

一种测试土工膜黏结性能的装置和方法 技术领域
本发明涉及土工膜复合防污屏障工程技术领域，具体涉及一种测试土工膜黏结性能的装置和方法。
背景技术
污染物大多是通过地下途径泄漏和扩散出去的，及时对污染源进行围封，阻断其扩散途径是最为经济、有效的污染控制方法之一。几乎所有已渗漏填埋场的整治，均需构建垂直隔离屏障而形成完整的围封系统。垂直屏障是根据现场条件，利用场地下方常见的不透水层及相对独立的水文地质单元，在污染区域四周选择防渗截污性能良好的材料浇筑成竖向墙体，以阻隔渗滤液进入地下环境，最终达到控制污染物运移的效果。
土工膜复合防污屏障被认为是目前最为安全有效的地下污染源阻隔技术。该复合防污屏障是在传统的土-膨润土墙或水泥-膨润土墙中插入土工膜形成的，也可以把单个土工膜插入地面以下形成土工膜防渗墙。土工膜防渗墙主要在软土或松土地基中建造，而土工膜复合防渗墙在所有的地基类型中均可建造。在常规的泥浆沟防渗墙中使用土工膜[通常是高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)土工膜]，其主要目的是建立阻止污染物运移与控制可能产生气体迁移的低渗透性屏障。土工合成材料，如HDPE，可以改善传统泥浆沟防渗墙的性能，包括：①将防渗墙的渗透系数降低两个数量级；②提高防渗墙的耐化学性。利用HDPE膜卓越的防渗性能(k≦1.0×10 -12cm/s)、抗化学腐蚀性能和使用寿命长(≧100年)的特点，与膨润土的高吸附性能和自愈合性能结合，形成一种很好的竖向屏障，对地下污染源实现有效的封堵。当土 工膜与防渗泥浆共同工作形成土工膜复合防污屏障时，两者的整体工作性能对于防渗显得尤为重要；当防渗泥浆在浇筑沟槽的底部时，土工膜的底部与防渗泥浆间如果黏结不紧密将会影响复合防污屏障的防渗效果，目前只能通过渗透仪器测试防渗泥浆的渗透系数来评价防渗泥浆的防渗性能，测试结果单一，没有将土工膜与防渗泥浆的整体性能进行评价，缺少可靠的方法和装置去评价和检测在沟槽底部土工膜与防渗泥浆的黏结性能。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种土工膜黏结性能测试装置及其测试方法，解决目前无专用测试装置进行土工膜黏结性能测试从而影响土工膜防渗性能的现状，通过设计测试装置准确测得土工膜与防渗泥浆之间的黏结性能。
有鉴于此，本发明采用以下技术方案：
第一方面，本发明提供一种土工膜黏结性能测试装置，包括：支撑框架、拉力传感器、土工膜夹具、用于放置模型箱的底部支座、模型箱、用于将模型箱固定在底部支座上的固定装置、底部支座的升降装置和驱动电机；升降装置包括升降主轴、水平蜗轮和水平蜗杆，升降主轴的外形螺纹与水平蜗轮的内环螺纹啮合，水平蜗轮的外环齿面与水平蜗杆前部的齿面啮合，在驱动电机的作用下升降主轴可作垂直升降运动；
所述支撑框架包括：固定杆、垂直立柱和横梁，所述固定杆至少设置两个，用于将整个测试装置固定在水平地面上，横梁水平固定在竖直的固定杆上，垂直立柱垂直于横梁且上端固定在横梁的中间位置，垂直立柱下端固定连接所述拉力传感器的上端、所述拉力传感器的下端连接土工膜夹具的上端，拉伸过程中力的变化通过拉力传感器传输 到计算机控制系统及数据采集系统；所述模型箱为装载防渗泥浆的上方开口的盒装不透水容器，所述底部支座为表面平整的支撑平台，底部支座与升降主轴固定连接，模型箱通过固定装置固定在底部支座上。
优选的，土工膜夹具包括：土工膜夹具金属片、土工膜夹具金属槽、土工膜夹具螺杆、土工膜夹具螺帽、土工膜夹具螺旋孔，土工膜夹具螺杆固定在土工膜夹具金属槽的两端，土工膜夹具金属片穿过土工膜夹具螺杆放到土工膜夹具金属槽中，土工膜夹具螺帽与土工膜夹具螺杆连接将土工膜金属片固定，土工膜夹具螺旋孔与拉力传感器相连。
需要说明的是，本发明所述土工膜夹具适用不同厚度的土工膜，所述土工膜材质不仅限于LDPE土工膜，LLDPE土工膜，HDPE土工膜，EVA土工膜，ECB土工膜，PVC土工膜，糙面土工膜；同时土工膜结构也可以是土工布或是土工格栅组成的复合薄壁材料，如由一层土工布一层土工膜、一层土工布两层土工膜、两层土工布一层土工膜等组成的复合薄壁材料；
优选的，模型箱的内部尺寸为长×宽×高＝200mm×60mm×100mm顶面无盖的亚克力材质的盒子；需要说明的是，模型箱侧面和底面均完全密封，当在模型箱中浇筑了防渗浆液时模型箱的侧壁将会给防渗浆液一个给定的压力，模拟了实际状态下的地下水与地下土给防渗浆液的压力。
优选的，所述底部支座尺寸为长×宽＝210mm×90mm，厚度为20mm，模型箱固定装置金属横杆分为上横杆和下横杆，下横杆在底部支座的下面，上横杆在模型箱的上面，上下横杆通过金属螺帽和金属横杆将模型箱固定在底部支座上；
进一步的，所述测试装置还包括金属螺旋杆，所述金属螺旋杆设 置在所述垂直立柱和所述拉力传感器之间，金属螺旋杆用来调节土工膜夹具的高度。
进一步的，所述模型箱的顶部中间放置有土工膜导板，方便将土工膜放置到模型箱的中间位置。
通过对拉力传感器、支座、模型箱和固定装置的组合，土工膜的高度需要高出模型箱3-4cm，高出的部分通过拉力传感器下面的夹具夹住土工膜，通过支座向下伸缩将土工膜拉出，拉力传感器将数据传输到计算机端，得出某种防渗泥浆与土工膜黏聚力的大小，借以评价不同土工膜与防渗泥浆的黏结性能。所述装置可以用来测试不同防渗泥浆与土工膜的黏结性能；对于不同泥浆，土工膜拉出的力越大，说明该种泥浆与土工膜的整体性能越好。
第二方面，本发明提供一种土工膜黏结性能测试方法，所述方法包括：
步骤S1：将防渗泥浆浇筑到模型箱中，所述模型箱灌满泥浆后，再把土工膜从中间插入到模型箱底端，优选的，所述土工膜的高度需高出模型箱3-4cm，放到恒温养护箱中养护7-28d后取出；
步骤S2：通过固定装置将模型箱与底部支座固定，通过拉力传感器下面的土工膜夹具夹紧土工膜，通过计算机控制底部支座的缓缓向下移动进行拉伸，所述拉力传感器直接与计算机相连，拉伸过程中所得的数据由拉力传感器传输到计算机端，并可以直接在计算机上面出图和数据，可以直观的看出拉力的极值与拉力变化情况，取拉力的最大值作为土工膜与某种防渗泥浆黏结的强度。
本发明所涉及的一种土工膜黏结性能测试方法，实现了评价不同防渗泥浆与土工膜黏聚力的方法，防渗泥浆与土工膜的黏聚力越大，说明土工膜与该种防渗泥浆的黏结力越强，在沟槽底部防渗泥浆与土 工膜的黏结也就越好。
本发明所述装置和方法同样适用于其他薄性材料与其嵌入材料之间的黏结性，所述薄壁材料需满足厚度在0-10mm范围，材质包括：土工膜、棉布、纤维布料或是由土工膜及土工布组成的复合材料，嵌入材料包括：水泥混凝土砂浆、沙子、有机黏结材料等。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的优选的理解，并且构成说明书的一部分。在附图中：
图1为本发明装置的主视图；
图2为本发明装置的侧视图；
图3为本发明装置的效果图；
图4为本发明装置的模型箱固定装置正视图；
图5为本发明装置的模型箱固定装置侧视图；
图6为本发明装置的模型箱固定装置俯视图；
图7为本发明装置的土工膜夹具正视图；
图8为本发明装置的土工膜夹具侧视图；
图9为本发明装置的土工膜夹具俯视图；
图10为本发明装置的土工膜平面图；
图11为本发明装置的土工膜导板俯视图；
图12为本发明装置的土工膜导板侧视图；
图13为本发明装置的金属螺旋杆主视图；
图14为本发明装置的模型箱与模型箱固定装置连接俯视图；
图15为本发明装置的模型箱与模型箱固定装置连接侧视图。
图中标记说明：
1、固定杆；2、垂直立柱；3、金属螺旋杆；4、拉力传感器；5、 土工膜夹具；6、土工膜；7、模型箱固定装置；8、底部支座；9、升降主轴；10、水平蜗轮；11、水平蜗杆；12、驱动电机；13、模型箱；14、横梁；15、计算机控制系统及数据采集系统；16、金属螺帽；17、金属横杆；18、金属螺杆；19、土工膜夹具金属片；20、土工膜夹具金属槽；21、土工膜夹具螺杆；22、土工膜夹具螺帽；23、土工膜夹具螺旋孔；24、土工膜导板；25、卡扣；26、金属螺旋帽；27、金属小细螺杆。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明专利的具体技术方案进一步说明。
如图1-图3所示的土工膜黏结性能测试装置，包括：支撑框架、拉力传感器4、土工膜夹具5、用于放置模型箱的底部支座8、模型箱13、用于将模型箱固定在底部支座上的固定装置7、底部支座升降装置和驱动装置；
支撑框架包括：固定杆1、垂直立柱2和横梁14，固定杆1设置有两个，将整个测试装置固定在水平地面上，横梁14水平固定在竖直的固定杆1上，垂直立柱2垂直于横梁14且上端固定在横梁的中间位置，垂直立柱下端固定连接所述拉力传感器4的上端、所述拉力传感器4的下端连接土工膜夹具5的上端；
如图7、图8和图9所示，土工膜夹具5由土工膜夹具金属片19、土工膜夹具金属槽20、土工膜夹具螺杆21、土工膜夹具螺帽22、土工膜夹具螺旋孔23组成，土工膜夹具螺杆21固定在土工膜夹具金属槽20的两端，土工膜夹具金属片19穿过土工膜夹具螺杆21放到土工膜夹具金属槽20中，土工膜夹具螺帽22与土工膜夹具螺杆21连接将土工膜金属片19固定。土工膜夹具通过土工膜夹具螺旋孔23与拉力传感器4连接，土工膜6两端设有凹槽，方便将土工膜穿过土工 膜夹具螺杆21放置到土工膜金属槽20里面，再将土工膜夹具金属片19穿过土工膜夹具螺杆放置到土工膜金属槽20里面，拧紧土工膜夹具螺帽22将土工膜6夹紧；
土工膜夹具5上面连接着拉力传感器4，拉伸过程中力的变化通过传感器4传输到计算机端15；
如图13所示，拉力传感器4上面有一个可以手动拧动的金属螺旋杆3，直径为50mm，用来调节土工膜夹具的高度；金属螺旋杆3通过手动旋转金属螺旋帽26实现上下移动，金属螺旋杆3下方与金属小细螺杆27相连接，金属小细螺杆27与拉力传感器相连，进而可以通过手动旋转金属螺旋帽26控制拉力传感器的上下移动。
模型箱13为装载防渗泥浆的上方开口的盒装不透水容器，本实施例中具体采用的模型箱13的内部尺寸为长×宽×高＝200mm×60mm×100mm顶面无盖的亚克力材质的盒子；可测的土工膜厚度范围为0.5-3mm。
如图11和图12所示，为将土工膜6放置在模型箱的中间位置，在模型箱13中间位置设计了土工膜导板24，土工膜导板的两端由卡扣25固定到土工膜的中间位置；
底部支座8为表面平整的支撑平台，安装时将底部支座与试验机下方的升降主轴固定连接，模型箱13通过模型箱固定装置7固定在底部支座上，可以通过计算机控制升降主轴进行拉伸模型箱里面的土工膜；底部支座尺寸为长×宽＝210mm×90mm，厚度为20mm；
如图4、图5和图6所示，模型箱固定装置7由金属螺帽16、金属横杆17、金属螺杆18组成，如图14-图15所示，模型箱固定装置金属横杆17分为上横杆和下横杆，下横杆在底部支座的下面，上横杆在模型箱的上面，上下横杆通过金属螺帽16和金属横杆17将模型 箱13固定在底部支座8上；
升降装置包括升降主轴9、水平蜗轮10和水平蜗轮11，升降主轴的外形螺纹与水平蜗轮10的内环螺纹啮合，水平蜗轮10的外环齿面与水平蜗轮11前部的齿面啮合，在驱动电机的作用下升降主轴可作垂直升降运动；
采用上述测试装置进行土工膜与防渗泥浆之间黏结性能的测试：
模型箱13中先灌满泥浆，再将如图10所示的土工膜6按照土工膜导板24的位置从泥浆的中间位置放置到模型箱里，放到恒温养护箱中养护7-28d后，通过模型箱固定装置7将模型箱固定到底部支座8上；土工膜6的高度需要高出模型箱3-4cm，手动调节金属螺旋杆3来调节土工膜夹具5的高度，将高出的土工膜部分通过土工膜夹具夹紧，模型箱安装完毕；
通过计算机控制系统及数据采集系统15控制驱动电机12来调节升降主轴9的向下移动，驱动电机的水平蜗杆11旋转带动水平蜗轮1012的旋转，水平蜗轮10的内螺纹与升降主轴的外侧螺纹啮合，以此达到升降主轴升降移动的目的；当升降主轴向下带动底部支座及固定在底部支座上面的模型箱向下移动，夹紧土工膜夹具上面的拉力传感器4感受到力的变化，将数据传输到计算机控制系统及数据采集系统；计算机控制系统及数据采集系统记录了某种泥浆在拉伸土工膜过程中力的变化，对不同的泥浆与土工膜拉出来的力的最大值作比较，以此来判断土工膜与某种防渗泥浆的黏结性能。
在实际实验操作中，采用两组对照试验，第一组取凹凸棒土448g,水泥480g,水1120g；第二组取凹凸棒土512g,水泥480g,水1120g，分别制成防渗泥浆浇筑到两个模型箱里面后，分别在模型箱防渗泥浆中间位置放置土工膜，再把两个模型箱放到恒温养护箱中养 护7d,七天之后对两组试样分别进行拉伸，所测得的第一组拉伸力是285.46N,第二组拉伸力是307.83N,由此可得第二组凹凸棒土掺量相对于第一组较多时，土工膜与防渗泥浆间的黏结性更好，两者的黏结性越好，对于防渗泥浆与土工膜整体防渗性能也就越好。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种测试土工膜黏结性能的装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括支撑框架、拉力传感器、土工膜夹具、用于放置模型箱的底部支座、模型箱、用于将模型箱固定在底部支座上的固定装置、底部支座的升降装置和驱动电机；升降装置包括升降主轴、水平蜗轮和水平蜗杆，升降主轴的外形螺纹与水平蜗轮的内环螺纹啮合，水平蜗轮的外环齿面与水平蜗杆前部的齿面啮合，在驱动电机的作用下升降主轴可作垂直升降运动；所述支撑框架包括：固定杆、垂直立柱和横梁，所述固定杆至少设置两个，用于将整个测试装置固定在水平地面上，横梁水平固定在竖直的固定杆上，垂直立柱垂直于横梁且上端固定在横梁的中间位置，垂直立柱下端固定连接所述拉力传感器的上端、所述拉力传感器的下端连接土工膜夹具的上端，拉伸过程中力的变化通过拉力传感器传输到计算机控制系统及数据采集系统；所述模型箱为装载防渗泥浆的上方开口的盒装不透水容器，所述底部支座为表面平整的支撑平台，底部支座与升降主轴固定连接，模型箱通过固定装置固定在底部支座上。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种测试土工膜黏结性能的装置，其特征在于，所述测试装置还包括金属螺旋杆，所述金属螺旋杆设置在所述垂直立柱和所述拉力传感器之间，金属螺旋杆用来调节土工膜夹具的高度。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种测试土工膜黏结性能的装置，其特征在于，所述模型箱的顶部中间放置有土工膜导板，方便将土工膜放置到模型箱的中间位置。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种测试土工膜黏结性能的装置，其特征在于，土工膜夹具包括：土工膜夹具金属片、土工膜夹具金属槽、土工膜夹具螺杆、土工膜夹具螺帽、土工膜夹具螺旋孔；土工膜夹具螺 杆固定在土工膜夹具金属槽的两端，土工膜夹具金属片穿过土工膜夹具螺杆放到土工膜夹具金属槽中，土工膜夹具螺帽与土工膜夹具螺杆连接将土工膜金属片固定，土工膜夹具螺旋孔与拉力传感器相连。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种测试土工膜黏结性能的装置，其特征在于，所述模型箱为顶面无盖的亚克力材质的盒子。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种测试土工膜黏结性能的装置，其特征在于，所述模型箱的内部尺寸为长×宽×高＝200mm×60mm×100mm。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种测试土工膜黏结性能的装置，其特征在于，所述模型箱固定装置由金属螺帽、金属横杆、金属螺杆组成，模型箱固定装置金属横杆分为上横杆和下横杆，下横杆在底部支座的下面，上横杆在模型箱的上面，上下横杆通过金属螺帽和金属横杆将模型箱固定在底部支座上。
  8. 一种测试土工膜黏结性能的方法，其特征在于，所述方法采用权利要求1-8中任意一项权利要求所述的测试装置进行测试，具体包括以下步骤：
    步骤S1：将防渗泥浆浇筑到模型箱中，所述模型箱灌满泥浆后，再把土工膜从中间插入到模型箱底端；
    步骤S2：通过固定装置将模型箱与底部支座固定，通过拉力传感器下面的土工膜夹具夹紧土工膜，通过计算机控制底部支座的缓缓向下移动进行拉伸，所述拉力传感器直接与计算机相连，拉伸过程中所得的数据由拉力传感器传输到计算机端，并可以直接在计算机上面出图和数据，可以直观的看出拉力的极值与拉力变化情况，取拉力的最大值作为土工膜与某种防渗泥浆黏结的强度。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的一种测试土工膜黏结性能的方法，所述土工膜的高度需高出模型箱3-4cm，放到恒温养护箱中养护7-28d后取出。
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