WO2023124436A1 - 储能系统及其控制方法 - Google Patents

储能系统及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023124436A1
WO2023124436A1 PCT/CN2022/126268 CN2022126268W WO2023124436A1 WO 2023124436 A1 WO2023124436 A1 WO 2023124436A1 CN 2022126268 W CN2022126268 W CN 2022126268W WO 2023124436 A1 WO2023124436 A1 WO 2023124436A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy storage
threshold
sensing
box
sensing information
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/126268
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴志鹏
余士江
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd filed Critical Huawei Digital Power Technologies Co Ltd
Priority to EP22913699.9A priority Critical patent/EP4443616B1/en
Publication of WO2023124436A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023124436A1/zh
Priority to US18/755,120 priority patent/US20240342528A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
    • A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
    • A62C37/40—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/251—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for stationary devices, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383—Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of safety protection of an energy storage system, and more specifically relates to an energy storage system capable of providing fire prevention, explosion protection and fire extinguishing functions and a control method thereof.
  • an energy storage system can usually be provided to store and adjust electric energy to ensure system reliability and stability .
  • Current energy storage systems Energy Storage System, ESS
  • lithium battery energy storage systems usually adopt the design of container prefabricated cabins to facilitate production, installation, maintenance and rapid deployment.
  • the container of this energy storage system should prevent the entry of foreign objects such as dust and water, so a high level of protection against ingress protection (Ingress Protection, IP) is usually required, such as not Below IP54.
  • IP Ingress Protection
  • energy storage components such as lithium batteries will generate flammable and explosive gases inside the container in some cases.
  • the container arrangement with such a high IP rating will have the potential of deflagration and explosion due to the accumulation of flammable and explosive gases.
  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide an improved energy storage system and a control method for the energy storage system.
  • an energy storage system the energy storage system includes: a box body; an energy storage device arranged in the box; a first sensing device arranged in the box and configured to sense Measuring the concentration of the combustible gas in the box; the ventilation device is arranged on the box, and the ventilation device is configured to discharge the combustible gas out of the box; and the control device is communicatively coupled to the first sensing device and the ventilation device, and is configured to First sensing information indicating the concentration of combustible gas is received from the first sensing device, and a signal for controlling the ventilation device is generated based on the first sensing information.
  • the accumulation of combustible gases generated by the thermal runaway of the energy storage equipment can be detected in time, and the ventilation devices can be controlled to discharge the combustible gases out of the box.
  • active preventive measures can be taken before the fire occurs to reduce the possibility of fire occurrence, and the occurrence of deflagration and explosion accidents can be further avoided.
  • the first sensing device includes a plurality of gas sensing devices configured to sense at least one of the following combustible gases: carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and volatile organic compounds.
  • the main combustible gas components can be fully and accurately sensed.
  • At least some of the plurality of gas sensing devices are arranged at the top of the housing.
  • placing the gas sensing device on the top is more conducive to accurate detection, and thus can reduce the number of gas sensing devices arranged, thereby reducing costs .
  • the ventilation device includes an inlet portion and an outlet portion, the inlet portion is disposed on a first side of the housing, and the outlet portion is disposed on a second side of the housing, wherein the first The side part and the second side part are opposite to each other, and the height of the inlet part is lower than that of the outlet part.
  • the inlet portion includes two inlets arranged apart from each other, and the two inlets form a triangular distribution with the outlet portion.
  • a triangular air duct design with downward air inlet and upper air outlet can be provided in the box, thereby effectively avoiding the formation of gas flow loops in the box, and ensuring the uniformity of combustible gases with different gas densities and different positions.
  • the box can be discharged smoothly.
  • the inlet portion includes: a meandering channel configured to receive and communicate gas from outside the box; and a first filter layer configured to filter the gas passing through the inlet portion.
  • the outlet portion includes: a fan configured to drive gas flow from the inside of the tank to the outside of the tank; and a second filter layer configured to filter the gas passing through the outlet portion.
  • a fan configured to drive gas flow from the inside of the tank to the outside of the tank
  • a second filter layer configured to filter the gas passing through the outlet portion.
  • the outlet portion further includes a barrier configured to close the outlet portion and to open the outlet portion under the action of gas flowing from the inside of the tank to the outside of the tank.
  • a barrier configured to close the outlet portion and to open the outlet portion under the action of gas flowing from the inside of the tank to the outside of the tank.
  • control device and the fan are isolated from the energy storage device.
  • the control device and the fan can be protected from damage to a certain extent, so that they can still work after the fire.
  • the energy storage system further includes: a second sensing device arranged in the box and configured to sense the temperature in the box; a third sensing device arranged in the box, and configured to sense smoke within the enclosure; and a fire suppression device configured to release a fire suppressant within the enclosure.
  • control device is further configured to: receive second sensed information indicative of a temperature within the cabinet from the second sensed device;
  • the signal includes: when the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information exceeds the first threshold, determining whether the temperature indicated by the second sensing information exceeds the temperature threshold; and when the temperature does not exceed the temperature threshold, generating a The signal to activate the ventilation device so that the combustible gas can be exhausted from the box through the ventilation device.
  • generating the signal for controlling the ventilation device based on the first sensing information further includes: generating a signal for closing the ventilation device and activating the fire extinguishing device when the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold, so that the fire extinguishing The device releases the fire extinguishing agent in the box.
  • control device is further configured to: generate a signal for shutting down the main power circuit of the energy storage system when the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information exceeds the second threshold , the second threshold is lower than or equal to the first threshold.
  • control device is further configured to: generate a signal for closing the ventilation device when the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information is lower than a third threshold, and the third threshold is lower than at the second threshold.
  • the first sensing device includes a plurality of gas sensing devices, and wherein in the case of threshold comparison, the combustible gas indicated by the sensing information of more than half of the gas sensing devices When the concentration of the gas exceeds or falls below the threshold, it is determined that the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information exceeds or falls below the threshold.
  • control device is further configured to: receive second sensing information from the second sensing device, the second sensing information indicating the temperature in the cabinet; receive third sensing information from the third sensing device Sensing information, the third sensing information indicates the smoke concentration in the box; and when the temperature indicated by the second sensing information exceeds the temperature threshold and the smoke concentration indicated by the third sensing information exceeds the smoke threshold, generate an instruction for closing The ventilation device and the signal to start the fire extinguishing device, so that the fire extinguishing device releases the fire extinguishing agent in the box.
  • control means is further configured to: generate a signal for activating the ventilation means based on the request signal from the user terminal.
  • control device is further configured to: when the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information is lower than the fourth threshold, or after a predetermined period of time elapses after activating the ventilation device based on the request signal , generating a signal to alert the operator.
  • a control method for an energy storage system comprising: receiving first sensing information from a first sensing device disposed in a box of the energy storage system, the first The sensing information indicates the concentration of the combustible gas in the box, and the box accommodates the energy storage device of the energy storage system; and a signal for controlling the ventilation device is generated based on the first sensing information, and the ventilation device is arranged on the box and used to Combustible gases are discharged from the box.
  • the control device can determine in real time whether there is accumulation of combustible gas in the box, and control the ventilation device to operate accordingly, so as to actively eliminate potential safety hazards.
  • control method further includes: receiving second sensing information from a second sensing device disposed in the box, the second sensing information indicating the temperature in the box; and wherein based on the first sensing Generating a signal for controlling the ventilation device from the sensing information includes: when the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information exceeds the first threshold, determining whether the temperature indicated by the second sensing information exceeds the temperature threshold; and when the temperature does not When the temperature threshold is exceeded, a signal is generated for activating the ventilation, so that the combustible gases are discharged from the tank through the ventilation.
  • generating the signal for controlling the ventilation device based on the first sensing information further includes: generating a signal for closing the ventilation device and activating the fire extinguishing device when the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold, so that the fire extinguishing The device releases the fire extinguishing agent in the box.
  • control method further includes: when the concentration of combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information exceeds a second threshold, generating a signal for shutting down the main power circuit of the energy storage system, the first The second threshold is lower than or equal to the first threshold.
  • control method further includes: when the concentration of combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information is lower than a third threshold, generating a signal for closing the ventilation device, and the third threshold is lower than the third threshold. Two thresholds. With this implementation, the ventilation can be stopped after the combustible gases have been substantially expelled from the tank and the hazard has been eliminated.
  • the first sensing device includes a plurality of gas sensing devices, and wherein in the case of threshold comparison, the combustible gas indicated by the sensing information of more than half of the gas sensing devices When the concentration of the gas exceeds or falls below the threshold, it is determined that the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information exceeds or falls below the threshold.
  • control method further includes: receiving second sensing information from a second sensing device arranged in the box, the second sensing information indicating the temperature in the box;
  • the third sensing device receives third sensing information, the third sensing information indicates the smoke concentration in the box; and when the temperature indicated by the second sensing information exceeds the temperature threshold and the smoke concentration indicated by the third sensing information exceeds the
  • a signal is generated for closing the ventilation device and activating the fire extinguishing device, so that the fire extinguishing device releases the fire extinguishing agent in the tank.
  • control method further includes: generating a signal for activating the ventilation device based on the request signal from the user terminal.
  • the operator can conveniently connect to the control device of the energy storage system through the user terminal, so as to activate the ventilation device to perform the operation of discharging residual combustible gas, which can prevent the tank from being opened Deflagration and explosion occur to ensure the safety of operators.
  • control method further includes: generating A signal to alert the operator.
  • the combustible gas in the box can be reduced to a safe level to avoid deflagration and explosion after a fire, and the operator can be notified that the box can be opened safely.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of an inlet portion of a ventilation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of an outlet portion of a ventilation device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of an energy storage system and related external devices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic block diagram of a control method for an energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of an example process of generating a signal for controlling a ventilation device based on first sensing information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of an example process of an energy storage system after a fire is extinguished according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Energy storage components such as lithium batteries
  • energy storage systems usually use highly active materials such as lithium ion materials and use flammable electrolytes.
  • thermal runaway of the energy storage component may occur under conditions of internal and external short circuit, high temperature, overcharge, overpressure, etc., and after thermal runaway, the pressure relief valve (referred to as open valve) is opened to release a large amount of flammable and explosive gas , while also generating a large amount of heat.
  • energy storage systems generally use high-IP-grade containers with good airtightness, which prevents the intrusion of foreign objects such as water and dust, but makes it difficult for the released flammable and explosive gases to diffuse and accumulate in the container . Once these gases encounter fire and high temperature, they will burn, and when the flammable and explosive gases reach a certain concentration, they will also cause deflagration and explosion accidents.
  • gas fire extinguishing equipment can be configured in the prefabricated cabin or container of the energy storage system, and in the event of a fire, the gas fire extinguishing equipment will release the fire extinguishing medium in the prefabricated cabin or container for fire extinguishing.
  • the gas fire extinguishing equipment in the conventional scheme can only extinguish the fire after a fire breaks out, and in some cases cannot effectively prevent the occurrence of deflagration and explosion.
  • the flammable and explosive gas generated by the energy storage components still accumulates in the container after the fire is extinguished, which may bring safety hazards to the disposal after the fire is extinguished.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an improved energy storage system and a control method of the energy storage system.
  • combustible gas sensing devices and ventilation devices By installing combustible gas sensing devices and ventilation devices in the tank of the energy storage system, the accumulation of combustible gas generated by energy storage devices such as lithium batteries can be detected in time and the combustible gas can be discharged out of the tank.
  • the combustible gas in the box can be actively sensed and discharged before a fire occurs, thereby reducing the possibility of fire.
  • the concentration of combustible gas is reduced in time, deflagration and explosion accidents are further avoided.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the energy storage system 100 may be used in photovoltaic power stations, wind power stations and other occasions.
  • the energy storage system 100 can be connected to the power generation system, the power transmission system or the power grid via electrical equipment such as power converters, electrical switches (such as circuit breakers, isolating switches, etc.), so as to receive and store the electric energy generated by the power generation system, and Export electrical energy to the transmission system or grid as required.
  • electrical equipment such as power converters, electrical switches (such as circuit breakers, isolating switches, etc.), so as to receive and store the electric energy generated by the power generation system, and Export electrical energy to the transmission system or grid as required.
  • the application range of the energy storage system 100 is not limited thereto, but can be used in other appropriate occasions requiring energy storage.
  • the energy storage system 100 may include an energy storage device 110 and a box body 120 , and the energy storage device 110 is disposed in the box body 120 .
  • the energy storage device 110 may be an energy storage battery, including but not limited to a ternary lithium battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a lithium titanate battery, a lead-acid battery, a lead-carbon battery, and the like.
  • the energy storage device 110 may also be other types of devices capable of storing electrical energy, such as supercapacitors.
  • the box body 120 may be in the form of a container, an outdoor cabinet, etc., and the energy storage device 110 may be placed in the box body 120 to form a prefabricated cabin energy storage system.
  • the box body 120 may have a certain IP rating, so as to prevent foreign objects such as dust and water from intruding into the box body of the energy storage system 100 120 to affect the performance and operation of the energy storage system 100.
  • the box body 120 can be provided with a pressure relief valve, which can release the internal gas when the internal pressure is too high, so as to prevent the large amount of fire extinguishing gas from spraying out when the fire is extinguished, causing the box body 120 to disintegrate due to excessive pressure. .
  • the energy storage system 100 may include a first sensing device 130 disposed in the tank 120 and configured to sense the concentration of combustible gas in the tank 120 .
  • a first sensing device 130 disposed in the tank 120 and configured to sense the concentration of combustible gas in the tank 120 .
  • an energy storage battery or energy storage device such as a lithium battery will open a valve and release combustible gas when thermal runaway occurs, and the combustible gas will accumulate in the box 120 and may cause a fire or explosion.
  • the first sensing device 130 disposed in the box 120 can sense the concentration of these combustible gases in real time to determine whether there is accumulation of combustible gases.
  • the first sensing device 130 may include a plurality of gas sensing devices, and the plurality of gas sensing devices are configured to sense carbon monoxide CO, hydrogen H 2 and volatile organic compounds (Volatile Organic Compounds, VOC ) of at least one gas.
  • the combustible gas released by batteries such as lithium batteries
  • batteries commonly used in energy storage after thermal runaway
  • multiple gas sensing devices capable of sensing these types of combustible gases may be provided to sense any one, any two, or three of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and volatile organic compounds, for example, Three or more gas sensing devices may be provided to sense the three combustible gases respectively.
  • a plurality of gas sensing devices for detecting various combustible gases can be uniformly arranged in the box body 120, for example, arranged in the box body 120 at substantially the same spatial interval, so that a comprehensive view of the space in the box body 120 can be realized. detection to avoid detection dead angle.
  • multiple gas sensing devices may also be arranged in the box 120 in other ways, for example, more gas sensing devices may be arranged near the energy storage device 110 .
  • at least some of the gas sensing devices among the plurality of gas sensing devices may be disposed on the top of the box 120 .
  • the combustible gases that may exist in the box 120 are not limited to the above three gases, and other types of combustible gases may exist depending on the type of the energy storage device.
  • a sensing device or sensing device capable of sensing other types of gas is provided inside.
  • the number of gas sensing devices can also be any appropriate number, which can be comprehensively considered according to the accuracy of detection and the overall cost.
  • the energy storage system 100 includes a ventilation device 140 disposed on the box body 120 and configured to discharge combustible gas out of the box body 120 .
  • a ventilation device 140 may be provided on the box body 120 to discharge combustible gas generated by the energy storage device 110 out of the box body 120 in time. This preventive ventilation method can actively eliminate fire hazards, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system 100 .
  • the ventilation device 140 includes an inlet part 141 and an outlet part 142, the inlet part 141 is arranged on the first side A of the box body 120, and the outlet part 142 is arranged on the second side A of the box body 120.
  • the side part B wherein the first side part A and the second side part B are opposite to each other, and the height of the inlet part 141 is lower than the height of the outlet part 142 .
  • the entrance portion 141 on the first side portion A may be located at a relatively low height, and at the same time, in order to prevent rainwater from pouring in or splashing into the box body 120, the entrance portion 141 may also be kept at an appropriate height, such as the entrance portion 141 may be approximately 500 mm from the bottom of the box 120 .
  • the outlet portion 142 is disposed on the second side portion B opposite to the first side portion A, and is disposed at a higher position relative to the inlet portion 141 .
  • gas convection can be formed between the inlet portion 141 and the outlet portion 142 , and the overall gas flow direction from bottom to top is conducive to the discharge of combustible gas with lower density from the outlet portion 142 .
  • the inlet part 141 includes two inlets arranged separately from each other, and the two inlets form a triangular distribution with the outlet part 142 .
  • a triangular air duct design with lower air intake and upper air outlet can be provided in the box body 120, thereby effectively avoiding the formation of gas flow loops in the box body 120, and ensuring different gas densities and different positions of flammable All gas can be discharged from the box body 120 smoothly.
  • the internal gas can also be released through the inlet 141 and the outlet 142 to realize the pressure relief function, thereby preventing the box 120 from disintegrating due to excessive pressure and causing destructive consequences.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the inlet portion 141 of the ventilation device 140 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the inlet part 141 may include a meandering channel 1411 configured to receive and circulate gas from outside the box body 120 and a first filter layer 1412 configured to filter the gas passing through the inlet part 141 .
  • the inlet portion 141 may be divided into two layers, wherein a meandering channel 1411 is provided at a part facing the outside of the box body 120 , and a first filter layer 1412 is provided at a part facing the inside of the box body.
  • the tortuous passage 1411 may be formed in a manner similar to designing a maze.
  • an approximately U-shaped part can be arranged on the upper part with the opening facing left, an approximately S-shaped part can be arranged in the middle, and another approximately U-shaped part can be arranged with the opening facing toward the left.
  • the right way is arranged in the lower part, and the three components partially overlap each other, thereby forming two S-shaped gas flow channels, and the two Fs in Fig. 2 respectively indicate the exemplary gas flow directions of the two channels.
  • a mesh member such as a metal mesh, may also be arranged at the entrance of the tortuous channel 1411 to better filter out foreign matter.
  • the first filter layer 1412 can be made of dust-proof filter cotton, and is close to the outlet of the zigzag channel 1411, so as to perform a second filter on the gas passing through the inlet part 141, so as to filter out small foreign matter such as sand and dust.
  • the first filter layer 1412 can also be formed by other appropriate filter materials.
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the outlet portion 142 of the ventilation device 140 according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the outlet part 142 includes a fan 1421 and a second filter layer 1422, the fan 1421 is configured to drive the gas to flow from the inside of the box body 120 to the outside of the box body 120, and the second filter layer 1422 is configured to filter the gas passing through the outlet part 142 .
  • the second filter layer 1422 can be closer to the inside of the box body 120 , and can be made of dust-proof filter cotton or other filter materials, so as to prevent external sand and dust from entering the box body 120 .
  • the second filter layer 1422 can also provide appropriate air resistance to prevent the inside and outside of the box 120 from passing through. After the fan 1421 is started, the gas inside the box body 120 can be drawn out through the second filter layer 1422 and discharged to the outside of the box body 120 .
  • the fan 1421 may include one, two or any other number of exhaust fans.
  • the fan in addition to the fan being arranged at the outlet portion 142, the fan can be arranged at other appropriate positions as required, for example, the fan can also be arranged at the inlet portion 141, and the fan can be arranged at certain positions in the box body 120, or At the same time, set the fans at different positions to obtain different ventilation effects.
  • the outlet portion 142 may further include a blocking member 1423 configured to close the outlet portion 142 and open the outlet under the action of the gas flowing from the inside of the box body 120 to the outside of the box body 120 Section 142.
  • the blocking member 1423 may be disposed outside the fan 1421 and integrally formed in a plate shape or a sheet shape, for example.
  • one higher side of the blocking member 1423 can be fixed, while the other lower side can rotate freely to form a gravity swing vane.
  • the blocking member 1423 can close the outlet 142 due to gravity, thereby preventing the inside and outside of the box 120 from straight through, so as to avoid affecting the temperature control inside the box 120 and the effect of fire extinguishing in the box.
  • the blocking member 1423 can be opened under the push of the flowing gas to discharge the combustible gas, or discharge the high-pressure gas inside the box body 120 to release the pressure. It can be understood that the implementation of the blocking member 1423 is not limited thereto, but can be in other appropriate forms, for example, instead of gravity, the plate body of the blocking member 1423 can also be pre-set in the position by means of a spring or other elastic elements. The position of the outlet portion 142 is closed.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of an energy storage system 100 and related external devices according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the energy storage system 100 may further include a control device 150, the control device 150 is communicatively coupled to the first sensing device 130 and the ventilation device 140, and is configured to receive an indication of combustible gas from the first sensing device 130 and generate a signal for controlling the ventilation device 140 based on the sensing information from the first sensing device 130 .
  • the first sensing device 130 may send sensing information related to the accumulation of combustible gas in the tank 120 to the control device 150 .
  • control device 150 finds that the concentration of combustible gas exceeds the safe range, the control device 150 can control the ventilation device 140, for example, the ventilation device 140 can be activated to discharge the combustible gas, thereby eliminating fire and explosion hazards as much as possible.
  • the energy storage system 100 further includes a second sensing device 160, a third sensing device 170, and a fire extinguishing device 180.
  • the second sensing device 160 and the third sensing device 170 can be arranged
  • the fire extinguishing device 180 is configured to release a fire extinguishing agent in the box 120 and is configured to sense temperature and smoke in the box 120 respectively.
  • the second sensing device 160 and the third sensing device 170 include sensing devices capable of sensing temperature and smoke, so as to sense high temperature caused by fire and smoke generated by combustion in the box body 120 .
  • the fire extinguishing device 180 may include components such as fire cylinders, nozzles, and fire pipelines, and may release fire extinguishing agents, including but not limited to heptafluoropropane or perfluorohexanone.
  • the second sensing device 160 , the third sensing device 170 and the fire suppression device 180 may be communicatively coupled to the control device 150 .
  • the second sensing device 160 and the third sensing device 170 can send sensing information to the control device 150 in real time.
  • the control device 150 can instruct the fire extinguishing device 180 to activate to release the fire extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire
  • the fire-fighting steel cylinder can release fire-extinguishing gas such as heptafluoropropane or perfluorohexanone into the box 120 through the fire-fighting pipeline and the nozzle.
  • the control device 150 may be communicatively coupled to the user terminal 200 .
  • the user terminal 200 includes electronic devices such as smart phones, notebook computers, tablet computers, and desktop computers.
  • the operator can monitor the energy storage system 100 on the user terminal 200 using an application program or a website.
  • the operator can use the application program or website on the user terminal 200 to directly control the ventilation device 140, for example, start the fan 1421 of the ventilation device 140, which is beneficial for the treatment of the energy storage system after fire extinguishing.
  • the operator can approach the energy storage system 100 and use the user terminal 200 he holds to wirelessly connect the control device 150 to directly activate the ventilation device 140, thereby The remaining combustible gas in the box body 120 is discharged, which can eliminate the danger of deflagration caused by opening the box body 120 after extinguishing the fire.
  • control device 150 and the fan 1421 of the ventilation device 140 are isolated from the energy storage device 110 .
  • the electrical and electronic equipment in the control device 150 and the ventilation device 140 may be separated from the energy storage device 110 by partitions such as compartments, and have a certain fire resistance.
  • the control device 150 and the fan 1421 can be protected from damage to a certain extent in the event that the energy storage device 110 releases combustible gas and causes fire and deflagration.
  • the user terminal 200 can be connected to the control device 150 that is protected from damage and the fan 1421 can be activated to discharge the residual combustible gas in the box 120 .
  • control device 150 may be communicatively coupled to primary power circuit 190 of energy storage system 100 .
  • the main power circuit 190 of the energy storage system 100 may include electrical equipment such as electrical circuits, power converters, and electrical switches (such as contactors, circuit breakers, and isolating switches, etc.), and may be used to connect the energy storage equipment 110 of the energy storage system 100 to Electrical connection to the outside, for example to the power generation system of a photovoltaic or wind power station and to the grid or transmission system.
  • the control device 150 can control the main power circuit 190 as needed, for example, disconnect the main power circuit 190 to cool down the energy storage system 100 .
  • control device 150 may be communicatively coupled to monitoring system 300 .
  • the monitoring system 300 may, for example, be located at a location away from the energy storage system 100 , such as a monitoring center or a monitoring room.
  • the control device 150 and the monitoring system 300 can exchange information to realize remote monitoring of the energy storage system 100 .
  • the control device 150 can also be communicatively coupled to other devices, which can be devices in the energy storage system 100 or devices outside the energy storage system 100, and these devices include but are not limited to HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning, HVAC) , a battery management system (Battery Management System, BMS), and a module fan for the energy storage device 110 (for example, the switch can also be controlled by the BMS and/or an auxiliary power supply), etc.
  • HVAC Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
  • BMS Battery Management System
  • a module fan for the energy storage device 110 for example, the switch can also be controlled by the BMS and/or an auxiliary power supply
  • the control device 150 can be a single integrated controller, and can centrally implement various control tasks required in the energy storage system 100 such as controlling the fire extinguishing device, controlling the ventilation device, and battery management.
  • control device 150 may also include multiple controllers, for example, may include a fire controller, a ventilation controller, a battery management controller, and a container monitoring unit (Container Monitoring Unit, CMU).
  • the container monitoring unit CMU can act as a central controller to coordinate the operations of other controllers.
  • the container monitoring unit CMU can indirectly control the start and stop of the fan 1421 of the ventilation device 140 through the ventilation controller or control unit.
  • the fire controller can be used to control and coordinate the communication and operation of the second sensing device 160, the third sensing device 170, the fire extinguishing device 180, and the optional fire alarm device, and together form a relatively independent Fire fighting system (Fire Fighting System, FFS).
  • FFS Fire Fighting System
  • control device 150 is not limited thereto, but may be in other appropriate manners, for example, various functions may be matched and combined as required to be respectively integrated in several controllers to form a control device 150.
  • any appropriate communication method may be adopted between the multiple controllers of the control device 150 and between the control device 150 and the above-mentioned various devices, devices and systems, these communication methods include but are not limited to dry contact , RS232, RS485, CAN (Controller Area Network), Ethernet, optical fiber, WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc.
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic block diagram of a control method 500 for the energy storage system 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the method 500 can be implemented in the energy storage system 100 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 , and executed by the control device 150 . It can be understood that the various aspects described above with respect to FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 may be applicable to the method 500 . For purposes of discussion, method 500 will be described in conjunction with FIGS. 1 and 4 .
  • the control device 150 receives first sensing information from the first sensing device 130 disposed in the tank 120 of the energy storage system 100, the first sensing information indicates the concentration of combustible gas in the tank 120,
  • the box body 120 accommodates the energy storage device 110 of the energy storage system 100 . In this way, the control device 150 can determine whether there is accumulation of combustible gas in the tank 120 in real time.
  • the method 500 may further include: the control device 150 receiving second sensing information from the second sensing device 160 disposed in the box body 120 , the second sensing information indicating the temperature in the box body 120 .
  • the method 500 may further include: the control device 150 receiving third sensing information from the third sensing device 170 disposed in the box body 120 , the third sensing information indicating the smoke concentration in the box body 120 .
  • the temperature and smoke level within the tank 120 may indicate whether there is a burn or fire within the tank 120 . Therefore, by obtaining information related to temperature and smoke, the control device 150 can evaluate the safety conditions inside the box 120 in real time.
  • the control device 150 generates a signal for controlling the ventilation device 140 based on the first sensing information, the ventilation device 140 is disposed on the tank 120 and is used to exhaust the combustible gas from the tank 120 .
  • the control device 150 may evaluate the first sensing information to determine whether there is an accumulation of flammable gas in the tank 120 , which is likely to cause fire or explosion under high temperature or fire conditions. Therefore, the control device 150 can judge according to the first sensing information whether the ventilation device 140 needs to be operated accordingly, so as to discharge the combustible gas in time.
  • control device 150 can also determine whether combustible gas has burned or even caused a fire in the box 120 according to the temperature indicated by the second sensing information and the smoke density indicated by the third sensing information. In the case of a fire, it may be necessary to activate the fire extinguishing device 180 to extinguish the fire, and the ventilation device 140 needs to cooperate with the fire extinguishing device to operate, for example, to stop ventilation to prevent external air from entering the box 120 and affecting the fire extinguishing effect.
  • control device 150 can comprehensively determine how to control the ventilation device 140 according to the first sensing information indicating the concentration of combustible gas, and optionally according to the second sensing information and the third sensing information indicating a fire, thereby eliminating Fire hazard or extinguish fire as soon as possible.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic block diagram of an example process 600 for generating a signal for controlling ventilation device 140 based on first sensed information, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the control device 150 determines whether the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information exceeds a first threshold. As an example, after receiving the first sensing information, the control device 150 may compare the combustible gas concentration indicated by the first sensing information with a predefined first threshold, where the first threshold represents combustible gas that may affect system safety. The gas concentration value, and can be set in such a way as to ensure a certain safety margin. That is, if the concentration of the combustible gas exceeds the first threshold, it means that the energy storage device 110 has released the combustible gas due to thermal runaway and has accumulated to a certain extent.
  • the first sensing device 130 that outputs the first sensing information to the control device 150 includes a plurality of gas sensing devices, and wherein in the case of threshold comparison, more than half of the gas sensing devices When the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the sensing information exceeds the threshold, it is determined that the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information exceeds the threshold. Similarly, when it is necessary to determine whether the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information is lower than the threshold, it is required that the concentrations of the combustible gas indicated by the sensing information of more than half of the gas sensing devices be lower than the threshold.
  • the majority control logic when individual sensing devices fail or are abnormal, the sensing results of these faulty or abnormal sensing devices can be eliminated to avoid misjudgment.
  • the majority control logic may be adopted when comparing the gas concentration thresholds of multiple gas sensing devices.
  • the implementation of the threshold value comparison is not limited thereto, and other appropriate control logics can also be used, for example, the gas sensed by a predetermined number (for example, more than 2) of gas sensing devices can also be
  • the concentration exceeds the threshold it is determined that the concentration of combustible gas in the box 120 exceeds the threshold, or different weights can be set for different gas sensing devices, and the weights can be set according to the probability of combustible gas accumulation at different locations, such as near the energy storage device
  • the sensing devices of 110 and/or the sensing devices near the top of the box body 120 may have relatively higher weights, thus, the gas concentration of each gas sensing device may be multiplied by the corresponding weight and summed to obtain Used for threshold comparisons.
  • the control device 150 determines whether the temperature indicated by the second sensing information exceeds the temperature threshold. As mentioned above, the control device 150 may receive the second sensing information indicating the temperature inside the tank 120 from the second sensing device 160 . Considering that the concentration of combustible gas has exceeded the first threshold at this time, the state inside the box 120 can be further judged according to other sensing information. Depending on different conditions within the tank 120, eg whether a fire has broken out, the ventilation device 140 can be controlled in different ways. In addition, if the concentration of combustible gas does not exceed the first threshold, the control device 150 may continue to monitor.
  • the control device 150 when the temperature does not exceed the temperature threshold, the control device 150 generates a signal for activating the ventilation device 140 so that the combustible gas is discharged from the tank 120 through the ventilation device 140 . If the temperature indicated by the second sensing information does not exceed the predefined threshold, it means that only the accumulation of combustible gas has occurred in the box 120 , but no fire has occurred. At this time, the ventilation device 140 can be activated, for example, the fan 1421 can be activated to discharge the accumulated combustible gas out of the box body 120 to eliminate fire hazards. In addition, the control device 150 can also activate the module fan used to dissipate heat from the energy storage device 110 to enhance the ventilation effect.
  • the control device 150 generates a signal for closing the ventilation device 140 and activating the fire suppression device 180 to cause the fire suppression device 180 to release the fire suppression agent within the tank 120 when the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold. If the concentration of combustible gas in the tank 120 exceeds the first threshold and the temperature exceeds the predefined threshold, it can be determined that a fire has occurred in the energy storage system 100 . At this time, the ventilation should be stopped to avoid air circulation between the box body 120 and the external environment, and fire extinguishing agent or fire extinguishing gas should be released for fire extinguishing operation.
  • the control device 150 when the temperature indicated by the second sensing information exceeds the temperature threshold and the smoke concentration indicated by the third sensing information exceeds the smoke threshold, the control device 150 generates a signal for closing the ventilation device 140 and activating the fire extinguishing device 180 signal, so that the fire extinguishing device 180 releases the fire extinguishing agent in the box 120.
  • the condition for triggering the fire extinguishing operation may also include both the temperature and the smoke concentration exceeding the threshold. That is, when both the temperature and the smoke density are sensed to be too high, the control device 150 can determine that a fire has occurred and thus can start a fire extinguishing operation. It should be noted that, in this case, since it is not necessary to judge whether the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information exceeds the threshold value, this step can be performed after block 601 or before block 601 .
  • the control device 150 can also control other related equipment in the energy storage system 100 to cooperate with ventilation and/or fire extinguishing operations.
  • the control device 150 when the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information exceeds the second threshold, the control device 150 generates a signal for shutting down the main power circuit 190 of the energy storage system 100, and the second The threshold is lower than or equal to the first threshold.
  • the second threshold may be a predefined value lower than the first threshold.
  • the control device 150 can turn off the main power circuit 190 to stop the charging and/or discharging of the energy storage device 110, which can reduce the release of combustible gas and reduce the temperature of the energy storage device 110, so as to avoid further deterioration of system safety.
  • the second threshold can be set equal to the first threshold. Threshold, so when the combustible gas concentration exceeds the first threshold or the second threshold, the operations triggered after exceeding the two thresholds can be performed simultaneously, that is, the main power circuit 190 is turned off and the operation related to the ventilation device 140 is performed.
  • the control device 150 can also turn off equipment such as air conditioners and modular fans. By turning off these devices, the power consumption of the devices can be reduced and further heating of the energy storage device 110 can be avoided. In addition, this is also beneficial to the subsequent ventilation operation and reduces the interference to the ventilation airflow.
  • the control device 150 when the concentration of combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information is lower than a third threshold, the control device 150 generates a signal for closing the ventilation device 140, wherein the third threshold is lower than the second threshold.
  • the third threshold is smaller than the second threshold, and the second threshold is smaller than the first threshold. It should be noted that the first threshold, the second threshold and the third threshold can all be below the lower explosion limit (Lower Explosion Limited, LEL).
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic block diagram of an example process 700 for the energy storage system 100 after a fire is extinguished, according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • the control device 150 based on a request signal from the user terminal 200 , the control device 150 generates a signal for activating the ventilation device 140 .
  • the operator can confirm whether the fire has been completely extinguished. After confirming that the fire is completely extinguished, the operator can manually reset the fire alarm signal of the fire alarm device.
  • the operator can use the user terminal 200 (such as an electronic device such as a smart phone) to access the control device 150, for example, through a designed application program on the user terminal 200 or The control device 150 is accessed through the website, and the ventilation device 140 is activated through the application program or the man-machine interface of the website. In this way, the operator can reactivate the ventilation device 140 through simple operations by using portable electronic equipment, so as to discharge combustible gas after a fire.
  • the user terminal 200 such as an electronic device such as a smart phone
  • the control device 150 determines whether the concentration of combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information is lower than a fourth threshold, or determines that the ventilation device 140 has been activated for a predetermined period of time.
  • the first sensing device 130 may be utilized to obtain information related to the concentration of residual combustible gas.
  • the ventilation device 140 can be continuously ventilated and exhausted, and it is determined whether the continuous exhaust time reaches a predetermined duration.
  • the predetermined duration can be determined according to the exhaust volume of the venting device 140 and the volume of the box 120 .
  • the control device 150 when the concentration of the combustible gas indicated by the first sensing information is lower than the fourth threshold, or when the ventilation device 140 is activated based on the request signal for a predetermined period of time, the control device 150 generates a signal for prompting the operator .
  • a fourth threshold for example, it may be the same as the third threshold
  • the control device 150 may determine the residual combustible gas has been substantially discharged from the tank 120 .
  • the fourth threshold and the predetermined duration can be set to ensure that the concentration of combustible gas in the final tank 120 is below 10% of the lower explosion limit LEL, so as to ensure sufficient safety.
  • the control device 150 may send a prompt signal to remind the operator that the box body 120 can be opened at present.
  • a signal can be, for example, light or sound perceivable by the operator.
  • the operator can conveniently connect to the control device 150 of the energy storage system 100 through the user terminal 200 after the fire is extinguished, and start the ventilation device 140 to discharge the residual combustible gas, so as to remove the combustible gas in the box 120.
  • the gas concentration is reduced below the lower explosion limit, thereby avoiding the danger of explosion or deflagration when the box body 120 is opened after extinguishing the fire, and protecting the safety of operators.

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Abstract

本公开的实施例提供了一种储能系统及其控制方法。该储能系统包括：箱体；储能设备，设置在箱体内；第一感测装置，设置在箱体内，并且被配置为感测箱体内的可燃气体的浓度；通风装置，设置在箱体上，通风装置被配置为将可燃气体排出箱体；以及控制装置，通信耦合到第一感测装置和通风装置，并且被配置为从第一感测装置接收指示可燃气体的浓度的第一感测信息，并基于第一感测信息生成用于控制通风装置的信号。通过本公开的方案，可以在储能系统中火灾发生之前采用主动预防措施来降低火灾发生的可能性，并且还进一步避免了爆燃和爆炸事故的发生。

Description

储能系统及其控制方法 技术领域
本公开总体上涉及储能系统的安全防护技术领域，更具体地，涉及能够提供防火防爆以及灭火功能的储能系统及其控制方法。
背景技术
在诸如光伏电站、风力发电站之类的场合，发电功率曲线与电网负荷曲线会存在较大差异，因此通常可以提供储能系统来对电能进行存储和调节，以确保系统的可靠性和稳定性。目前的储能系统(Energy Storage System,ESS)，例如锂电池储能系统，通常采用集装箱预制舱室的设计方案，以便于生产、安装、维护和快速部署。
为了保护储能系统内的电气和电子部件，这种储能系统的集装箱应当防止诸如灰尘和水之类的异物进入，因此通常需要较高的异物侵入防护(Ingress Protection,IP)等级，例如不低于IP 54。然而，诸如锂电池之类的储能部件在一些情况下将在集装箱内产生易燃易爆气体。这种高IP等级的集装箱布置会由于易燃易爆气体的聚集而存在爆燃和爆炸的隐患。目前，缺乏有效手段来解决上述安全问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本公开的实施例提供了改进的储能系统以及用于该储能系统的控制方法。
在本公开的第一方面，提供了一种储能系统，该储能系统包括：箱体；储能设备，设置在箱体内；第一感测装置，设置在箱体内，并且被配置为感测箱体内的可燃气体的浓度；通风装置，设置在箱体上，通风装置被配置为将可燃气体排出箱体；以及控制装置，通信耦合到第一感测装置和通风装置，并且被配置为从第一感测装置接收指示可燃气体的浓度的第一感测信息，并基于第一感测信息生成用于控制通风装置的信号。
通过在储能系统中设置用于可燃气体的感测装置以及通风装置，可以及时发现储能设备热失控所产生的可燃气体的聚集，并可以控制通风装置将可燃气体排出箱体。由此，可以在火灾发生之前采用主动预防措施来降低火灾发生的可能性，并且还进一步避免了爆燃和爆炸事故的发生。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一感测装置包括多个气体感测器件，多个气体感测器件被配置为感测以下至少一种可燃气体：一氧化碳、氢气和挥发性有机化合物。通过这种实现方式，可以全面准确地感测主要的可燃气体成分。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，多个气体感测器件中的至少部分气体感测器件被布置在箱体内的顶部。在这种实现方式中，由于大部分的可燃气体的密度低于空气，将气体感测器件布置在顶部更有利于实现精准检测，并且因此可以减少布置的气体感测器件的数目，从而降低成本。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，通风装置包括入口部和出口部，入口部被设置在箱体的第一侧部上，出口部被设置在箱体的第二侧部上，其中第一侧部与第二侧部彼此相对，并且入口部的高度低于出口部的高度。通过这种实现方式，在入口部与出口部之间可以形成气体的 对流，并且整体从下向上的气体流动方向有利于密度较低的可燃气体从出口部排出。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，入口部包括彼此分开布置的两个入口，两个入口与出口部形成三角分布。通过这种实现方式，在箱体中可以提供三角形的下进风、上出风的风道设计，从而有效避免在箱体内形成气体流动环路，并且确保不同气体密度和不同位置的可燃气体均可以顺利排出箱体。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，入口部包括：曲折通道，被配置为接收和流通来自箱体外部的气体；以及第一过滤层，被配置为对通过入口部的气体进行过滤。通过这种实现方式，可以确保在空气流入箱体的同时，避免异物进入箱体而影响储能系统的工作。此外，入口部还可以在箱体内压力过高时提供泄压的功能。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，出口部包括：风扇，被配置为驱动气体从箱体内部向箱体外部流动；以及第二过滤层，被配置为对通过出口部的气体进行过滤。通过这种实现方式，可以实现箱体内外的气体流动并避免异物通过出口部进入。此外，出口部还可以在箱体内压力过高时提供泄压的功能。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，出口部还包括阻挡件，阻挡件被配置为封闭出口部、并且在从箱体内部向箱体外部流动的气体的作用下打开出口部。通过这种实现方式，可以在需要通风时打开出口部，而在不需要通风时，封闭出口部以避免箱体内外直通。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，控制装置和风扇与储能设备隔离。通过这种实现方式，在储能设备产生可燃气体并引发火灾和爆燃的情况下，可以在一定程度上保护控制装置和风扇免受损坏，以便在火灾后仍然能够工作。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，储能系统还包括：第二感测装置，设置在箱体内，并且被配置为感测箱体内的温度；第三感测装置，设置在箱体内，并且被配置为感测箱体内的烟雾；以及灭火装置，被配置为在箱体内释放灭火剂。通过这种实现方式，可以在箱体内感测火灾所导致的高温和燃烧所产生的烟雾，以确定火灾的发生并进行灭火。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，控制装置还被配置为：从第二感测装置接收指示箱体内的温度的第二感测信息；并且其中基于第一感测信息生成用于控制通风装置的信号包括：在第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过第一阈值时，确定第二感测信息所指示的温度是否超过温度阈值；以及在温度没有超过温度阈值时，生成用于启动通风装置的信号，以使可燃气体通过通风装置排出箱体。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，基于第一感测信息生成用于控制通风装置的信号还包括：在温度超过温度阈值时，生成用于关闭通风装置并启动灭火装置的信号，以使灭火装置在箱体内释放灭火剂。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，控制装置还被配置为：在第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过第二阈值时，生成用于关断储能系统的主功率电路的信号，第二阈值低于或等于第一阈值。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，控制装置还被配置为：在第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度低于第三阈值时，生成用于关闭通风装置的信号，第三阈值低于第二阈值。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，第一感测装置包括多个气体感测器件，并且其中在进行阈值比较的情况下，在多于半数的气体感测器件的感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过或低于阈值时，确定第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过或低于阈值。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，控制装置还被配置为：从第二感测装置接收第二感测信息， 第二感测信息指示箱体内的温度；从第三感测装置接收第三感测信息，第三感测信息指示箱体内的烟雾浓度；以及在第二感测信息所指示的温度超过温度阈值并且第三感测信息所指示的烟雾浓度超过烟雾阈值时，生成用于关闭通风装置并启动灭火装置的信号，以使灭火装置在箱体内释放灭火剂。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，控制装置还被配置为：基于来自用户终端的请求信号，生成用于启动通风装置的信号。
在第一方面的一些实施例中，控制装置还被配置为：在第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度低于第四阈值时、或者在基于请求信号启动通风装置并经过预定时段之后，生成用于提示操作人员的信号。
在本公开的第二方面，提供了一种用于储能系统的控制方法，该控制方法包括：从设置在储能系统的箱体内的第一感测装置接收第一感测信息，第一感测信息指示箱体内的可燃气体的浓度，箱体容纳有储能系统的储能设备；以及基于第一感测信息生成用于控制通风装置的信号，通风装置设置在箱体上并用于将可燃气体排出箱体。在该实施例中，控制装置可以实时地确定箱体内是否存在可燃气体的聚集，并控制通风装置进行相应操作，以主动消除安全隐患。
在第二方面的一些实施例中，控制方法还包括：从设置在箱体内的第二感测装置接收第二感测信息，第二感测信息指示箱体内的温度；并且其中基于第一感测信息生成用于控制通风装置的信号包括：在第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过第一阈值时，确定第二感测信息所指示的温度是否超过温度阈值；以及在温度没有超过温度阈值时，生成用于启动通风装置的信号，以使可燃气体通过通风装置排出箱体。通过这种实现方式，可以在确定可燃气体的浓度过高并且尚未发生火灾的情况下，及时将可燃气体排出箱体，从而降低火灾发生的可能性。
在第二方面的一些实施例中，基于第一感测信息生成用于控制通风装置的信号还包括：在温度超过温度阈值时，生成用于关闭通风装置并启动灭火装置的信号，以使灭火装置在箱体内释放灭火剂。通过这种实现方式，可以在确定已发生火灾的情况下，停止箱体内外空气流动并尽快灭火。
在第二方面的一些实施例中，控制方法还包括：在第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过第二阈值时，生成用于关断储能系统的主功率电路的信号，第二阈值低于或等于第一阈值。通过这种实现方式，在储能设备发生热失控并释放了可燃气体的情况下，停止储能设备的充放电，这可以抑制可燃气体进一步增加并降低储能设备的温度，以避免系统安全继续恶化。
在第二方面的一些实施例中，控制方法还包括：在第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度低于第三阈值时，生成用于关闭通风装置的信号，第三阈值低于第二阈值。通过这种实现方式，在可燃气体已基本被排出箱体并消除危险之后，可以停止通风。
在第二方面的一些实施例中，第一感测装置包括多个气体感测器件，并且其中在进行阈值比较的情况下，在多于半数的气体感测器件的感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过或低于阈值时，确定第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过或低于阈值。通过这种实现方式，可以在个别感测器件出现故障或异常时排除这些故障或异常感测器件的感测结果，避免出现误判。
在第二方面的一些实施例中，控制方法还包括：从设置在箱体内的第二感测装置接收第 二感测信息，第二感测信息指示箱体内的温度；从设置在箱体内的第三感测装置接收第三感测信息，第三感测信息指示箱体内的烟雾浓度；以及在第二感测信息所指示的温度超过温度阈值并且第三感测信息所指示的烟雾浓度超过烟雾阈值时，生成用于关闭通风装置并启动灭火装置的信号，以使灭火装置在箱体内释放灭火剂。在这种实现方式中，可以在感测到温度和烟雾浓度均过高时确定已经发生火灾并因此进行灭火。
在第二方面的一些实施例中，控制方法还包括：基于来自用户终端的请求信号，生成用于启动通风装置的信号。在这种实现方式中，在完成灭火之后，操作人员能够通过用户终端方便地连接到储能系统的控制装置，从而启动通风装置，以进行排出残余可燃气体的操作，这可以避免箱体被打开发生爆燃和爆炸，确保操作人员的安全。
在第二方面的一些实施例中，控制方法还包括：在第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度低于第四阈值时、或者在基于请求信号启动通风装置并经过预定时段之后，生成用于提示操作人员的信号。在这种实现方式中，可以在火灾后将箱体内的可燃气体降低到避免爆燃和爆炸的安全水平，并通知操作人员可以安全打开箱体。
应当理解，发明内容部分中所描述的内容并非旨在限定本公开的实施例的关键或重要特征，亦非用于限制本公开的范围。本公开的其它特征将通过以下的描述变得容易理解。
附图说明
结合附图并参考以下详细说明，本公开各实施例的上述和其他特征、优点及方面将变得更加明显。在附图中，相同或相似的附图标注表示相同或相似的元素，其中：
图1示出了根据本公开的实施例的储能系统的结构示意图。
图2示出了根据本公开的实施例的通风装置的入口部的截面视图。
图3示出了根据本公开的实施例的通风装置的出口部的立体视图。
图4示出了根据本公开的实施例的储能系统以及相关外部设备的示意性框图。
图5示出了根据本公开的实施例的用于储能系统的控制方法的示意性框图。
图6示出了根据本公开的实施例的基于第一感测信息生成用于控制通风装置的信号的示例过程的示意性框图。
图7示出了根据本公开的实施例的储能系统在灭火之后的示例过程的示意性框图。
具体实施方式
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本公开的实施例。虽然附图中显示了本公开的某些实施例，然而应当理解的是，本公开可以通过各种形式来实现，而且不应该被解释为限于这里阐述的实施例，相反提供这些实施例是为了更加透彻和完整地理解本公开。应当理解的是，本公开的附图及实施例仅用于示例性作用，并非用于限制本公开的保护范围。
在本公开的实施例的描述中，术语“包括”及其类似用语应当理解为开放性包含，即“包括但不限于”。术语“基于”应当理解为“至少部分地基于”。术语“一个实施例”或“该实施例”应当理解为“至少一个实施例”。术语“第一”、“第二”等等可以指代不同的或相同的对象。下文还可能包括其他明确的和隐含的定义。
储能系统中的储能部件(例如锂电池)通常会采用诸如锂离子材料之类的活性较强的材料并且采用易燃的电解液。由此，储能部件在内外部短路、高温、过充、过压等情况下均可能发生热失控，并在热失控之后打开泄压阀(简称开阀)而释放出大量易燃易爆气体，同时 还产生大量的热。然而，储能系统一般会采用具有良好密封性的高IP等级集装箱，这虽然防止了诸如水和灰尘之类的异物侵入，但却导致所释放的易燃易爆气体不易扩散而聚集在集装箱内。这些气体一旦遇到火和高温就会燃烧，并且在易燃易爆气体到达一定浓度时还会引发爆燃和爆炸事故。
在常规方案中，可以在储能系统的预制舱或集装箱内配置气体灭火设备，并在出现火灾的情况下，由气体灭火设备在预制舱或集装箱内释放灭火介质以用于灭火。然而，常规方案中的气体灭火设备只能在发生火灾后进行灭火，并且在一些情况下无法有效阻止爆燃和爆炸的发生。此外，灭火之后储能部件所产生的易燃易爆气体仍然聚集在集装箱内，这可能会给灭火后的处理带来安全隐患。
本公开的实施例提供了一种改进的储能系统以及这种储能系统的控制方法。通过在储能系统的箱体中设置用于可燃气体的感测装置以及通风装置，可以及时发现诸如锂电池之类的储能设备所产生的可燃气体的聚集，并将可燃气体排出箱体。由此，可以在火灾发生之前主动感测和排出箱体内的可燃气体，从而降低火灾发生的可能性。此外，由于可燃气体的浓度被及时降低，还进一步避免了爆燃和爆炸事故的发生。
图1示出了根据本公开的实施例的储能系统100的结构示意图。作为示例，储能系统100可以在光伏电站、风力发电站等场合使用。例如，储能系统100可以经由功率转换器、电气开关(例如断路器、隔离开关等)等电气设备而连接到发电系统、和输电系统或电网，以接收和存储发电系统所产生的电能，并且根据需要向输电系统或电网输出电能。然而，可以理解的是，储能系统100的使用范围并不受限于此，而是可以在需要储能的其他适当场合中使用。
如图1所示，储能系统100可以包括储能设备110和箱体120，储能设备110被设置在箱体120中。作为示例，储能设备110可以是储能电池，其包括但不限于三元锂电池、磷酸铁锂电池、钛酸锂电池、铅酸电池、铅碳电池等。此外，储能设备110也可以能够实现电能存储的其他类型的设备，例如超级电容等。箱体120可以是以集装箱、户外柜等为形式的箱体，并且可以将储能设备110放置在箱体120中，从而构成预制舱式储能系统。为了保护储能设备110并保护放置在箱体120内的其他电气和电子设备，箱体120例如可以具有一定的IP等级，以防止诸如灰尘和水之类的异物侵入储能系统100的箱体120内而影响储能系统100的性能和操作。在某些实施例中，箱体120可以设置有泄压阀，并可以在内部压力过大时泄放内部气体，以用于防止灭火时灭火气体大量喷发导致箱体120内压力过大而解体。
根据本公开的实施例，储能系统100可以包括第一感测装置130，第一感测装置130设置在箱体120内，并且被配置为感测箱体120内的可燃气体的浓度。作为示例，诸如锂电池之类的储能电池或储能设备在发生热失控时会开阀并释放出可燃气体，这些可燃气体将聚集在箱体120内，并且可能会引发火灾或爆炸。设置在箱体120内的第一感测装置130可以实时感测这些可燃气体的浓度，以确定是否存在可燃气体的聚集。
在一些实施例中，第一感测装置130可以包括多个气体感测器件，并且多个气体感测器件被配置为感测一氧化碳CO、氢气H 2和挥发性有机化合物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOC)中的至少一种气体。具体而言，储能常用的电池(例如锂电池)在热失控后所释放的可燃气体存在多种主要成分，这些主要成分包括一氧化碳、氢气和挥发性有机化合物。由此，可以设置能够感测到这些类型的可燃气体的多个气体感测器件，以感测一氧化碳、氢气和挥发性有机化合物中的任何一种、任何两种、或者三种气体，例如，可以设置三个或三个以上 的气体感测器件来分别感测这三种可燃气体。通过这种方式，可以更加有针对性地、精确地对储能系统内的可燃气体聚集进行感测。此外，检测各种可燃气体的多个气体感测器件可以均匀地布置在箱体120内，例如，以基本相同的空间间距布置在箱体120内，从而可以实现对箱体120内空间的全面检测，以避免出现检测死角。备选地，多个气体感测器件也可以其他方式布置在箱体120内，例如可以将较多的气体感测器件布置在储能设备110附近。在一些实施例中，多个气体感测器件中的至少部分气体感测器件可以布置在箱体120内的顶部。具体地，考虑到一氧化碳、氢气和挥发性有机化合物的空气密度均小于空气，由此导致这些可燃气体通常会聚集在箱体120的顶部。因此，可以在箱体120内的顶部布置部分气体感测器件，甚至可以将所有气体感测器件布置在顶部。通过这种方式，可以以较少数目的感测器件来高效准确地检测到可燃气体的聚集，这有利于降低成本。
然而，需要说明的是，箱体120内可能存在的可燃气体并不受限于上述三种气体，并且取决于储能设备的类型而可能存在其他类型的可燃气体，因此还可以在箱体120内设置能够感测到其他类型的气体的感测装置或感测器件。此外，气体感测器件的数目也可以是任何适当数目，其可以根据检测的准确性和整体成本来综合考虑。
根据本公开的实施例，储能系统100包括通风装置140，通风装置140设置在箱体120上，并且被配置为将可燃气体排出箱体120。作为示例，由于箱体120是相对封闭的空间，特别是对于具有较高IP等级的箱体120，储能设备110在出现热失控时生成的可燃气体可能聚集在箱体120内。可燃气体的聚集增加了火灾发生的可能性，并且如果可燃气体的浓度达到一定水平，甚至可能引发爆炸事故。为此，可以在箱体120上设置通风装置140，以将储能设备110产生的可燃气体及时排出箱体120。这种预防性通风手段，可以主动消除火灾隐患，从而提高储能系统100的安全性。
在本公开的一些实施例中，通风装置140包括入口部141和出口部142，入口部141被设置在箱体120的第一侧部A上，出口部142被设置在箱体120的第二侧部B上，其中第一侧部A与第二侧部B彼此相对，并且入口部141的高度低于出口部142的高度。作为示例，第一侧部A上的入口部141可以位于高度偏低的位置，同时，为了防止雨水涌入或者溅射进入箱体120，入口部141也可以保持在适当高度处，例如入口部141可以大约距离箱体120的底部500mm。出口部142设置在与第一侧部A相对的第二侧部B上，并且相对于入口部141设置在高度偏高的位置。由此，在入口部141与出口部142之间可以形成气体的对流，并且整体从下向上的气体流动方向有利于密度较低的可燃气体从出口部142排出。在本公开的一些实施例中，入口部141包括彼此分开布置的两个入口，这两个入口与出口部142形成三角分布。通过这种方式，在箱体120中可以提供三角形的下进风、上出风的风道设计，从而有效避免在箱体120内形成气体流动环路，并且确保不同气体密度和不同位置的可燃气体均可以顺利排出箱体120。此外，在箱体120内压力过大时，还可以通过入口部141和出口部142泄放内部气体，以实现泄压功能，从而避免箱体120由于压力过大而解体并产生破坏性后果。
图2示出了根据本公开的实施例的通风装置140的入口部141的截面视图。入口部141可以包括曲折通道1411和第一过滤层1412，曲折通道1411被配置为接收和流通来自箱体120外部的气体，第一过滤层1412被配置为对通过入口部141的气体进行过滤。作为示例，入口部141可以分为两层结构，其中在朝向箱体120外部的部分设置曲折通道1411，并且在朝向箱体内部的部分设置第一过滤层1412。可以以类似于设计迷宫的方式来形成曲折通道1411。 例如，如图2中所示，可以将一个近似U形的部件以开口朝左的方式布置在上部，将一个近似S形的部件布置在中部，再将另一近似U形的部件以开口朝右的方式布置在下部，并且三个部件彼此部分交叠，由此形成两个S形的气体流动通道，图2中的两个F分别指示了示例性的两个通道的气体流动方向。通过设置曲折通道1411，可以保证气体流入箱体120的同时防止尺寸较大的异物进入。在某些实施例中，还可以在曲折通道1411的入口位置布置网格件，例如金属网，以更好地滤除异物。第一过滤层1412可以由防尘滤棉构成，并且紧靠曲折通道1411的出口，从而对通过入口部141的气体进行第二次过滤，以滤除诸如沙尘之类的较小异物。然而，可以理解的是，也可以由适当的其他过滤材料来形成第一过滤层1412。通过这种结构，在从箱体120外部引入空气的同时，可以提供一定的风阻以避免箱体120内部和外部的直通，从而防止影响箱体120内的温控以及在箱体120内进行灭火时的灭火效果。
图3示出了根据本公开的实施例的通风装置140的出口部142的立体视图。出口部142包括风扇1421和第二过滤层1422，风扇1421被配置为驱动气体从箱体120内部向箱体120外部流动，以及第二过滤层1422被配置为对通过出口部142的气体进行过滤。作为示例，相对于风扇1421，第二过滤层1422可以更加靠近箱体120内部，并且可以由防尘滤棉或其他过滤材料来构成，以避免外部的沙尘进入箱体120内。此外，类似于第一过滤层1412，第二过滤层1422也可以提供适当的风阻以避免箱体120内外直通。风扇1421在启动后可以将箱体120内部的气体通过第二过滤层1422抽出并排到箱体120外部。根据实际需要，例如根据箱体120的容积或通风量，风扇1421可以包括一个、两个或者任何其他数目的排气风扇。此外，除了将风扇设置在出口部142之外，可以根据需要而将风扇设置在其他适当位置，例如也可以在入口部141处设置风扇，将风扇设置在箱体120内的某些位置，或者同时在多个不同位置设置风扇，以获得不同的通风效果。
在本公开的一些实施例中，出口部142还可以包括阻挡件1423，阻挡件1423被配置为封闭出口部142、并且在从箱体120内部向箱体120外部流动的气体的作用下打开出口部142。作为示例，阻挡件1423可以设置在风扇1421的外侧，并且例如整体形成为板状或片状。例如，可以将阻挡件1423的较高的一个侧边进行固定，而较低的另一侧边可以自由旋转，以形成重力摆叶。由此，当从箱体120内部向外部不存在气体流动或气体流动较弱时，例如当风扇1421未被启动时，阻挡件1423可以由于重力作用而封闭出口部142，从而防止箱体120内外直通，以避免影响箱体120内部的温控以及在箱体内进行灭火时的效果。当从箱体120内部向外部有足够强的气体流动时，例如当风扇1421启动或者箱体120内部的气压过高(由于箱体内的灭火剂被释放、储能设备开阀产气或箱体内爆燃等原因所导致)时，阻挡件1423可以在流动气体的推动下被打开而将可燃气体排出、或者将箱体120内部的高压气体排出而泄压。可以理解的是，阻挡件1423的实现方式并不受限于此，而可以是其他适当形式，例如，取代重力，也可以借助于弹簧或其他弹性元件来将阻挡件1423的板体预置在封闭出口部142的位置。
图4示出了根据本公开的实施例的储能系统100以及相关外部设备的示意性框图。根据本公开的实施例，储能系统100还可以包括控制装置150，控制装置150通信耦合到第一感测装置130和通风装置140，并且被配置为从第一感测装置130接收指示可燃气体的浓度的感测信息，并基于来自第一感测装置130的感测信息生成用于控制通风装置140的信号。作为示例，第一感测装置130可以将与可燃气体在箱体120内的聚集有关的感测信息发送到控制装置150。当控制装置150发现可燃气体的浓度超过安全范围时，控制装置150可以对通 风装置140进行控制，例如可以启动通风装置140，以将可燃气体排出，从而尽可能地消除火灾和爆炸隐患。
在本公开的一些实施例中，储能系统100还包括第二感测装置160、第三感测装置170和灭火装置180，第二感测装置160和第三感测装置170可以设置在箱体120内，并且被配置为分别感测箱体120内的温度和烟雾，灭火装置180被配置为在箱体120内释放灭火剂。作为示例，第二感测装置160和第三感测装置170包括能够感测到温度和烟雾的感测器件，以在箱体120内感测火灾所导致的高温和燃烧所产生的烟雾。灭火装置180例如可以包括消防钢瓶、喷嘴和消防管路等部件，并且可以释放灭火剂，灭火剂包括但不限于七氟丙烷或者全氟己酮。第二感测装置160、第三感测装置170和灭火装置180可以通信耦合到控制装置150。由此，第二感测装置160和第三感测装置170可以将感测信息实时发送到控制装置150。当控制装置150基于感测信息而发现箱体120内发生火灾时，例如当发现箱体120内温度过高和/或出现烟雾时，控制装置150可以指示灭火装置180启动以释放灭火剂来灭火，例如，消防钢瓶可以经由消防管路和喷嘴向箱体120内释放诸如七氟丙烷或者全氟己酮之类的灭火气体。
在某些实施例中，控制装置150可以通信耦合到用户终端200。例如，用户终端200包括智能手机、笔记本计算机、平板计算机、台式计算机等电子设备。由此，操作人员可以在用户终端200上利用应用程序或网站来监控储能系统100。在一个实施例中，操作人员可以在用户终端200上利用应用程序或网站来直接控制通风装置140，例如启动通风装置140的风扇1421，这对于储能系统的消防灭火后的处理是有利的。例如，在消防灭火后，箱体120内仍然可能存在大量的可燃气体，操作人员可以靠近储能系统100并利用其持有的用户终端200来无线连接控制装置150以直接启动通风装置140，从而将箱体120内的剩余可燃气体排出，这可以消除灭火后打开箱体120引发爆燃的危险。
在本公开的一些实施例中，控制装置150和通风装置140的风扇1421与储能设备110隔离。作为示例，控制装置150和通风装置140中的电气和电子设备可以与储能设备110通过诸如隔仓之类的间隔物隔离开，并且具备一定的耐火能力。通过这种方式，在储能设备110释放可燃气体并引发火灾和爆燃的情况下，可以在一定程度上保护控制装置150和风扇1421免受损坏。由此，在灭火之后，可以通过用户终端200连接免受损坏的控制装置150并启动风扇1421来排出箱体120内残余的可燃气体。
在某些实施例中，控制装置150可以通信耦合到储能系统100的主功率电路190。储能系统100的主功率电路190可以包括电气线路、功率转换器以及电气开关(例如接触器、断路器和隔离开关等)等电气设备，并且可以用于将储能系统100的储能设备110电气连接到外部，例如连接到光伏电站或风力发电站的发电系统以及连接到电网或输电系统。控制装置150可以根据需要对主功率电路190进行控制，例如断开主功率电路190以使储能系统100降温。在一个实施例中，控制装置150可以通信耦合到监控系统300。监控系统300例如可以位于远离储能系统100的位置，例如监控中心或监控室。控制装置150与监控系统300可以进行信息交换以实现对储能系统100的远程监控。
控制装置150还可以通信耦合到其他设备，其可以是储能系统100中的设备、或者储能系统100之外的设备，这些设备包括但不限于暖通空调(Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning,HVAC)、电池管理系统(Battery Management System,BMS)、以及用于储能设备110的模组风扇(其例如也可以通过BMS和/或辅助电源来控制开关)等。需要说明的是， 控制装置150可以是单个集成控制器，并且可以集中实现控制灭火装置、控制通风装置以及电池管理等储能系统100内所需的各种控制任务。然而，控制装置150也可以包括多个控制器，例如可以包括消防控制器、通风控制器、电池管理控制器、以及集装箱监控单元(Container Monitoring Unit,CMU)。例如，集装箱监控单元CMU可以作为中心控制器来协调其他控制器的操作，例如集装箱监控单元CMU可以通过通风控制器或控制单元来间接控制通风装置140的风扇1421的启动和关闭。在一个实施例中，消防控制器可以用于控制和协调第二感测装置160、第三感测装置170、灭火装置180、以及可选的消防告警装置的通信和操作，并且一起形成相对独立的消防系统(Fire Fighting System,FFS)。然而，可以理解的是，控制装置150的实现方式并不受限与此，而可以是其他适当方式，例如可以根据需要将各种功能进行搭配组合以分别集成在若干个控制器中来形成控制装置150。此外，控制装置150的多个控制器之间、以及控制装置150与上文所提及的各种设备、装置和系统之间可以采用任何适当的通信方式，这些通信方式包括但不限于干接点、RS232、RS485、CAN(Controller Area Network)、以太网、光纤、WiFi、蓝牙、ZigBee等。
图5示出了根据本公开的实施例的用于储能系统100的控制方法500的示意性框图。方法500可以在图1和图4的储能系统100中实现，并且由控制装置150来执行。可以理解，上面关于图1和图4所描述的各个方面，可以适用于方法500。为了讨论的目的，将结合图1和图4来描述方法500。
在框501处，控制装置150从设置在储能系统100的箱体120内的第一感测装置130接收第一感测信息，第一感测信息指示箱体120内的可燃气体的浓度，箱体120容纳有储能系统100的储能设备110。通过这种方式，控制装置150可以实时地确定箱体120内是否存在可燃气体的聚集。在一些实施例中，方法500还可以包括：控制装置150从设置在箱体120内的第二感测装置160接收第二感测信息，第二感测信息指示箱体120内的温度。在一些实施例中，方法500还可以包括：控制装置150从设置在箱体120内的第三感测装置170接收第三感测信息，第三感测信息指示箱体120内的烟雾浓度。箱体120内的温度和烟雾浓度可以指示箱体120内是否存在燃烧或火灾。因此，通过获得与温度和烟雾有关的信息，控制装置150可以对箱体120内的安全状况进行实时评估。
在框502处，控制装置150基于第一感测信息生成用于控制通风装置140的信号，通风装置140设置在箱体120上并用于将可燃气体排出箱体120。例如，控制装置150可以对第一感测信息进行评估以确定箱体120内是否存在可燃气体的聚集，这种可燃气体的聚集很可能会在高温或遇火的情况下引发火灾或爆炸。因此，控制装置150可以根据第一感测信息来判断通风装置140是否需要进行相应地操作，以便及时排出可燃气体。通过这种方式，可以在火灾发生之前提前发现可燃气体聚集并采取主动预防措施，这避免了储能设备110的热失控扩散，消除了安全隐患。此外，控制装置150还可以根据第二感测信息所指示的温度和第三感测信息所指示的烟雾浓度来判断箱体120内是否已经出现了可燃气体的燃烧或者甚至已经引发了火灾。在已经出现火灾的情况下，则可能需要启动灭火装置180来灭火，并且需要通风装置140配合灭火装置进行操作，例如停止通风以避免外部空气进入箱体120内而影响灭火效果。由此可见，控制装置150可以根据指示可燃气体浓度的第一感测信息、以及可选地根据指示火灾的第二感测信息和第三感测信息来综合判断如何控制通风装置140，从而消除火灾隐患或尽快灭火。
图6示出了根据本公开的实施例的基于第一感测信息生成用于控制通风装置140的信号 的示例过程600的示意性框图。
在框601处，控制装置150确定第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度是否超过第一阈值。作为示例，控制装置150在接收到第一感测信息后，可以将第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体浓度与预定义的第一阈值进行比较，其中第一阈值表示可能影响系统安全的可燃气体浓度值，并且可以以确保一定安全裕度的方式来设置。也就是说，如果可燃气体的浓度超过第一阈值，则意味着储能设备110由于热失控而释放了可燃气体并且产生了一定程度的聚集。
在一些实施例中，向控制装置150输出第一感测信息的第一感测装置130包括多个气体感测器件，并且其中在进行阈值比较的情况下，在多于半数的气体感测器件的感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过阈值时，确定第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过阈值。类似地，在需要确定第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度是否低于阈值时，需要多于半数的气体感测器件的感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度低于阈值。通过采用少数服从多数的控制逻辑，可以在个别感测器件出现故障或异常时排除这些故障或异常感测器件的感测结果，避免出现误判。下文在涉及多个气体感测器件的气体浓度的阈值比较时均可以采用少数服从多数的控制逻辑。然而，可以理解的是，阈值比较的实现方式并不受限与此，也可以采用适当的其他控制逻辑，例如，还可以在预定数目(例如2个以上)的气体感测器件所感测的气体浓度超过阈值时确定箱体120内的可燃气体浓度超过阈值，或者还可以对不同的气体感测器件设置不同的权重，权重可以根据不同位置发生可燃气体聚集的概率而设置，例如靠近储能设备110的感测器件和/或靠近箱体120内的顶部的感测器件可以具有相对较高的权重，由此，可以将各个气体感测器件的气体浓度乘以相应的权重并求和，以用于进行阈值比较。
在框602处，在第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过第一阈值时，控制装置150确定第二感测信息所指示的温度是否超过温度阈值。如前文所述，控制装置150可以从第二感测装置160接收指示箱体120内的温度的第二感测信息。考虑到此时可燃气体的浓度已超过了第一阈值，可以根据其他感测信息来进一步判断箱体120内的状态。取决于箱体120内的不同状态，例如是否已经发生火灾，可以以不同的方式来控制通风装置140。此外，如果可燃气体的浓度没有超过第一阈值，则控制装置150可以继续保持监控。
在框603处，在温度没有超过温度阈值时，控制装置150生成用于启动通风装置140的信号，以使可燃气体通过通风装置140排出箱体120。如果第二感测信息所指示的温度没有超过预定义的阈值，则表示箱体120内仅发生了可燃气体的聚集，而没有发生火灾。此时，可以启动通风装置140，例如启动风扇1421以将聚集的可燃气体排出箱体120，消除火灾隐患。此外，控制装置150还可以启动用于为储能设备110散热的模组风扇，以增强通风效果。
在框604处，在温度超过温度阈值时，控制装置150生成用于关闭通风装置140并启动灭火装置180的信号，以使灭火装置180在箱体120内释放灭火剂。如果箱体120内的可燃气体的浓度已超过了第一阈值并且温度超过预定义阈值，则可以确定储能系统100已经发生了火灾。此时，应当停止通风以避免箱体120与外部环境的空气流通，并且释放灭火剂或灭火气体来进行灭火操作。
在一些实施例中，在第二感测信息所指示的温度超过温度阈值并且第三感测信息所指示的烟雾浓度超过烟雾阈值时，控制装置150生成用于关闭通风装置140并启动灭火装置180的信号，以使灭火装置180在箱体120内释放灭火剂。作为示例，除了可燃气体浓度超过第一阈值并且温度超过温度阈值之外，触发灭火操作的条件还可以包括温度和烟雾浓度均超过阈值。也就是说，当感测到温度和烟雾浓度均过高时，控制装置150能够确定已经发生火灾 并因此可以开始灭火操作。需要说明的是，在这种情况下，由于不需要判断第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度是否超过阈值，因此该步骤的执行既可以在框601之后执行也可以在框601之前执行。
控制装置150还可以对储能系统100中的其他相关设备进行控制，以配合通风和/或灭火的操作。在本公开的一些实施例中，在第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过第二阈值时，控制装置150生成用于关断储能系统100的主功率电路190的信号，第二阈值低于或等于第一阈值。具体而言，第二阈值可以是低于第一阈值的预定义值。也就是说，在可燃气体浓度超过第一阈值之前，可以判断可燃气体的浓度是否超过较低的第二阈值，并且如果可燃气体的浓度超过第二阈值，则表示储能设备110发生热失控并释放了一定量的可燃气体。控制装置150可以关断主功率电路190，以停止储能设备110的充电和/或放电，这可以减少可燃气体的释放并降低储能设备110的温度，以避免系统安全继续恶化。在一些情况下，例如在作为储能设备110的储能电池的单体较大的情况下，由于一旦电池开阀就会产生较高的可燃气体浓度，可以将第二阈值设置为等于第一阈值，由此可以在可燃气体浓度超过第一阈值或第二阈值时，同时执行超过两个阈值之后所触发的操作，即关断主功率电路190并执行与通风装置140有关的操作。在一个实施例中，控制装置150还可以关闭空调、模组风扇等设备。通过关闭这些设备，可以减少设备功耗，避免储能设备110进一步发热，此外，这也有利于后续的通风操作，降低对通风气流的干扰。
在本公开的一些实施例中，在第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度低于第三阈值时，控制装置150生成用于关闭通风装置140的信号，其中第三阈值低于第二阈值。作为示例，在通风装置140启动并从箱体120内排出可燃气体之后，如果第一感测装置130输出的第一感测信息指示可燃气体浓度低于第三阈值，即下降到了较低水平，则通风装置140可以停止通风，否则通风装置140可以继续通风操作，直至可燃气体浓度降低到第三阈值以下。可以看出，第三阈值小于第二阈值，并且第二阈值小于第一阈值。需要说明的是，第一阈值、第二阈值和第三阈值均可以在爆炸下限(Lower Explosion Limited,LEL)以下。
图7示出了根据本公开的实施例的储能系统100在灭火之后的示例过程700的示意性框图。
在框701处，基于来自用户终端200的请求信号，控制装置150生成用于启动通风装置140的信号。作为示例，在储能系统100发生火灾并进行灭火之后，操作人员可以确认火灾是否已被完全扑灭。在确认火灾完全扑灭之后，操作人员可以手动复位消防告警装置的消防告警信号。然而，箱体120内仍然可能残留了大量可燃气体，因此操作人员可以利用用户终端200(诸如智能手机之类的电子设备)接入控制装置150，例如通过用户终端200上的设计的应用程序或网站来接入控制装置150，并且通过应用程序或网站的人机界面来启动通风装置140。通过这种方式，操作人员利用便于携带的电子设备通过简单操作即可再次启动通风装置140，以进行火灾后排出可燃气体的操作。
在框702处，控制装置150确定第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度是否低于第四阈值，或者确定通风装置140已经启动了预定时段。作为示例，火灾之后，在第一感测装置130仍然能够工作的情况下，可以利用第一感测装置130来获得与残余可燃气体的浓度有关的信息。在第一感测装置130已经无法工作的情况下，可以使通风装置140持续通风排气，并且确定持续排气时间是否达到预定时长。该预定时长可以根据通分装置140的排气量和箱体120的容积来确定。
在框703处，在第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度低于第四阈值时、或者在基于请求信号启动通风装置140经过了预定时段，控制装置150生成用于提示操作人员的信号。作为示例，如果感测到的可燃气体的浓度低于第四阈值(例如可以与第三阈值相同)，或者如果通风装置140持续通风排气达预定时长，则控制装置150可以确定残余的可燃气体已基本被排出箱体120。例如，第四阈值和预定时长可以被设置为保证最终箱体120内可燃气体的浓度在爆炸下限LEL的10％以下，从而确保足够的安全性。在确定残余可燃气体已基本排出之后，控制装置150可以发出提示信号，以提醒操作人员箱体120目前可以被打开。这种信号例如可以是操作人员能够感知到的光或者声音。通过这种方式，操作人员在完成灭火之后能够通过用户终端200方便地连接到储能系统100的控制装置150，并启动通风装置140进行排出残余可燃气体的操作，以将箱体120内的可燃气体的浓度降低到爆炸下限以下，从而避免灭火后打开箱体120发生爆炸或爆燃的危险，保护了操作人员的安全。
此外，虽然采用特定次序描绘了各操作，但是这应当理解为要求这样操作以所示出的特定次序或以顺序次序执行，或者要求所有图示的操作应被执行以取得期望的结果。在一定环境下，多任务和并行处理可能是有利的。同样地，虽然在上面论述中包含了若干具体实现细节，但是这些不应当被解释为对本公开的范围的限制。在单独的实施例的上下文中描述的某些特征还可以组合地实现在单个实现中。相反地，在单个实现的上下文中描述的各种特征也可以单独地或以任何合适的子组合的方式实现在多个实现中。
尽管已经采用特定于结构特征和/或方法逻辑动作的语言描述了本主题，但是应当理解所附权利要求书中所限定的主题未必局限于上面描述的特定特征或动作。相反，上面所描述的特定特征和动作仅仅是实现权利要求书的示例形式。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种储能系统(100)，包括：
    箱体(120)；
    储能设备(110)，设置在所述箱体(120)内；
    第一感测装置(130)，设置在所述箱体(120)内，并且被配置为感测所述箱体(120)内的可燃气体的浓度；
    通风装置(140)，设置在所述箱体(120)上，所述通风装置(140)被配置为将所述可燃气体排出所述箱体(120)；以及
    控制装置(150)，通信耦合到所述第一感测装置(130)和所述通风装置(140)，并且被配置为从所述第一感测装置(130)接收指示所述可燃气体的浓度的第一感测信息，并基于所述第一感测信息生成用于控制所述通风装置(140)的信号。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述第一感测装置(130)包括多个气体感测器件，所述多个气体感测器件被配置为感测以下至少一种可燃气体：一氧化碳、氢气和挥发性有机化合物。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述多个气体感测器件中的至少部分气体感测器件被布置在所述箱体(120)内的顶部。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述通风装置(140)包括入口部(141)和出口部(142)，所述入口部(141)被设置在所述箱体(120)的第一侧部上，所述出口部(142)被设置在所述箱体(120)的第二侧部上，其中所述第一侧部与所述第二侧部彼此相对，并且所述入口部(141)的高度低于所述出口部(142)的高度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述入口部(141)包括彼此分开布置的两个入口，所述两个入口与所述出口部(142)形成三角分布。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述入口部(141)包括：曲折通道(1411)，被配置为接收和流通来自所述箱体(120)外部的气体；以及第一过滤层(1412)，被配置为对通过所述入口部(141)的气体进行过滤。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述出口部(142)包括：风扇(1421)，被配置为驱动气体从所述箱体(120)内部向所述箱体(120)外部流动；以及第二过滤层(1422)，被配置为对通过所述出口部(142)的气体进行过滤。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述出口部(142)还包括阻挡件(1423)，所述阻挡件(1423)被配置为封闭所述出口部(142)、并且在从所述箱体(120)内部向所述箱体(120)外部流动的气体的作用下打开所述出口部(142)。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述控制装置(150)和所述风扇(1421)与所述储能设备(110)隔离。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的储能系统(100)，还包括：
    第二感测装置(160)，设置在所述箱体(120)内，并且被配置为感测所述箱体(120)内的温度；
    第三感测装置(170)，设置在所述箱体(120)内，并且被配置为感测所述箱体(120)内的烟雾；以及
    灭火装置(180)，被配置为在所述箱体(120)内释放灭火剂。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述控制装置(150)还被配置为：从所述第二感测装置(160)接收指示所述箱体(120)内的温度的第二感测信息；并且
    其中基于所述第一感测信息生成用于控制所述通风装置(140)的信号包括：
    在所述第一感测信息所指示的所述可燃气体的浓度超过第一阈值时，确定所述第二感测信息所指示的温度是否超过温度阈值；以及
    在所述温度没有超过温度阈值时，生成用于启动所述通风装置(140)的信号，以使所述可燃气体通过所述通风装置(140)排出所述箱体(120)。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的储能系统(100)，其中基于所述第一感测信息生成用于控制所述通风装置(140)的信号还包括：
    在所述温度超过温度阈值时，生成用于关闭所述通风装置(140)并启动灭火装置(180)的信号，以使所述灭火装置(180)在所述箱体(120)内释放灭火剂。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述控制装置(150)还被配置为：在所述第一感测信息所指示的所述可燃气体的浓度超过第二阈值时，生成用于关断所述储能系统(100)的主功率电路(190)的信号，所述第二阈值低于或等于所述第一阈值。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述控制装置(150)还被配置为：在所述第一感测信息所指示的所述可燃气体的浓度低于第三阈值时，生成用于关闭所述通风装置(140)的信号，所述第三阈值低于所述第二阈值。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述第一感测装置(130)包括多个气体感测器件，并且其中在进行阈值比较的情况下，在多于半数的气体感测器件的感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过或低于阈值时，确定所述第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过或低于阈值。
  16. 根据权利要求10所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述控制装置(150)还被配置为：
    从所述第二感测装置(160)接收第二感测信息，所述第二感测信息指示所述箱体(120)内的温度；
    从所述第三感测装置(170)接收第三感测信息，所述第三感测信息指示所述箱体(120)内的烟雾浓度；以及
    在所述第二感测信息所指示的温度超过温度阈值并且所述第三感测信息所指示的烟雾浓度超过烟雾阈值时，生成用于关闭所述通风装置(140)并启动灭火装置(180)的信号，以使所述灭火装置(180)在所述箱体(120)内释放灭火剂。
  17. 根据权利要求12或16所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述控制装置(150)还被配置为：基于来自用户终端(200)的请求信号，生成用于启动所述通风装置(140)的信号。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的储能系统(100)，其中所述控制装置(150)还被配置为：在所述第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度低于第四阈值时、或者在基于所述请求信号启动所述通风装置(140)并经过预定时段之后，生成用于提示操作人员的信号。
  19. 一种用于储能系统(100)的控制方法，包括：
    从设置在所述储能系统(100)的箱体(120)内的第一感测装置(130)接收第一感测信息，所述第一感测信息指示所述箱体(120)内的可燃气体的浓度，所述箱体(120)容纳有所述储能系统(100)的储能设备(110)；以及
    基于所述第一感测信息生成用于控制通风装置(140)的信号，所述通风装置(140)设置在所述箱体(120)上并用于将所述可燃气体排出所述箱体(120)。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的控制方法，还包括：
    从设置在所述箱体(120)内的第二感测装置(160)接收第二感测信息，所述第二感测信息指示所述箱体(120)内的温度；并且
    其中基于所述第一感测信息生成用于控制所述通风装置(140)的信号包括：
    在所述第一感测信息所指示的所述可燃气体的浓度超过第一阈值时，确定所述第二感测信息所指示的温度是否超过温度阈值；以及
    在所述温度没有超过温度阈值时，生成用于启动所述通风装置(140)的信号，以使所述可燃气体通过所述通风装置(140)排出所述箱体(120)。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的控制方法，其中基于所述第一感测信息生成用于控制所述通风装置(140)的信号还包括：
    在所述温度超过温度阈值时，生成用于关闭所述通风装置(140)并启动灭火装置(180)的信号，以使所述灭火装置(180)在所述箱体(120)内释放灭火剂。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的控制方法，还包括：
    在所述第一感测信息所指示的所述可燃气体的浓度超过第二阈值时，生成用于关断所述储能系统(100)的主功率电路(190)的信号，所述第二阈值低于或等于所述第一阈值。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的控制方法，还包括：
    在所述第一感测信息所指示的所述可燃气体的浓度低于第三阈值时，生成用于关闭所述通风装置(140)的信号，所述第三阈值低于所述第二阈值。
  24. 根据权利要求20所述的控制方法，其中所述第一感测装置(130)包括多个气体感测器件，并且其中在进行阈值比较的情况下，在多于半数的气体感测器件的感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过或低于阈值时，确定所述第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度超过或低于阈值。
  25. 根据权利要求19所述的控制方法，还包括：
    从设置在所述箱体(120)内的第二感测装置(160)接收第二感测信息，所述第二感测信息指示所述箱体(120)内的温度；
    从设置在所述箱体(120)内的第三感测装置(170)接收第三感测信息，所述第三感测信息指示所述箱体(120)内的烟雾浓度；以及
    在所述第二感测信息所指示的温度超过温度阈值并且所述第三感测信息所指示的烟雾浓度超过烟雾阈值时，生成用于关闭所述通风装置(140)并启动灭火装置(180)的信号，以使所述灭火装置(180)在所述箱体(120)内释放灭火剂。
  26. 根据权利要求21或25所述的控制方法，还包括：
    基于来自用户终端(200)的请求信号，生成用于启动所述通风装置(140)的信号。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的控制方法，还包括：
    在所述第一感测信息所指示的可燃气体的浓度低于第四阈值时、或者在基于所述请求信号启动所述通风装置(140)并经过预定时段之后，生成用于提示操作人员的信号。
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