Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D21/00—Pump involving supersonic speed of pumped fluids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
  • F04D29/586—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for liquid pumps
  • F04D29/5893—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for liquid pumps heat insulation or conduction
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
  • B01F25/60—Pump mixers, i.e. mixing within a pump
  • B01F25/64—Pump mixers, i.e. mixing within a pump of the centrifugal-pump type, i.e. turbo-mixers
  • B01F25/641—Multi-staged turbo-mixers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
  • B01J19/1812—Tubular reactors
  • B01J19/1831—Tubular reactors spirally, concentrically or zigzag wound
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D19/00—Axial-flow pumps
  • F04D19/02—Multi-stage pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
  • F04D27/002—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
  • F04D27/02—Surge control
  • F04D27/0246—Surge control by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
  • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
  • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
  • F04D29/445—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for liquid pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
  • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
  • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
  • F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
  • F04D29/542—Bladed diffusers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
  • F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
  • F04D29/54—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
  • F04D29/541—Specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
  • F04D29/542—Bladed diffusers
  • F04D29/544—Blade shapes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/58—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer
  • F04D29/582—Cooling; Heating; Diminishing heat transfer specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
  • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
  • F24H15/375—Control of heat pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H9/00—Details
  • F24H9/0052—Details for air heaters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
  • B01J19/18—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
  • B01J19/1806—Stationary reactors having moving elements inside resulting in a turbulent flow of the reactants, such as in centrifugal-type reactors, or having a high Reynolds-number
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2240/00—Components
  • F05D2240/20—Rotors
  • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
  • F05D2240/302—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor characteristics related to shock waves, transonic or supersonic flow

Definitions

• turbomachine-type devices are known to implement the processes of hydrocarbon (steam) cracking and aim at maximizing the yields of the target products, such as ethylene and propylene.
• said space is vaneless.
• said space comprises flow shaping device(s) and/or flow guide appliance(s), such as guidewalls.
• the at least one row of stationary diffuser vanes of a first energy transfer stage and the at least one row of stationary nozzle guide vanes of a second energy transfer stage successive to the first energy transfer stage are joined to form a combined blade row, whereby the distance between the first energy transfer stage and the successive second energy transfer stage is set to zero.
• the apparatus further comprises at least one stage configured to adjust pressure across a corresponding row of the rotor blades.
• a heat-consuming system configured to implement an industrial heatconsuming process and comprising at least one one rotary apparatus according to the embodiments is provided, in accordance to defined in the independent claim 38.
• the rotary apparatus thus enables heating of fluidic substances to the temperatures within a range of about 500 °C to about 2000 °C, i.e. the temperatures used in a wide range of industrial applications, including, but not limited to production of bulk chemicals, manufacturing of steel and non-metallic minerals, oil processing and refinement, and others heat-consuming processes. Heating of fluids to the range of extremely high temperatures is achieved by employing advanced cooling technologies in realization of the apparatus solutions proposed herewith.
• the rotary apparatus of the present invention can be configured as an electrified heater solution.
• Benefits of using electrified heater solutions include elimination or at least significant reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (such as NO, CO2, CO, NOx) and other harmful components (such as HC1, H2S, SO2, heavy metals, particle emissions) originating from burning the non-renewable fuels in conventional fired heaters.
• the rotary apparatus presented herewith can be used for direct heating of various fluids, such as process gases, inert gases, air or any other gases or for indirect heating of fluids (liquids, vapor, gas, vapor/liquid mixtures etc.). Heated fluid generated in the rotary apparatus can be used for heating of any one of gases, vapor, liquid, and solid materials.
• the rotary apparatus can at least partly replace- or it can be combined with (e.g. as a pre-heater) multiple types of furnaces, heaters, kilns, gasifiers, and reactor devices that are traditionally fired or heated with solid, liquid or gaseous fossil fuels or in some cases bio-based fuels.
• the proposed apparatus solution is also fully scalable; the disclosed apparatus can be configured for use in a heat-consuming industrial facility of essentially any size and capacity.
• scalability we refer to modifying the size of an individual apparatus and its capacity, accordingly.
• scalability of the apparatus is proportional to its power requirements and/or a shaft-/rotor speed.
• Fig. 7 shows a pressure-adjusting stage within the apparatus.
• the rotor thus comprises a plurality of rotor blades 3 arranged into at least one row and configured as impulse impeller blades.
• a plurality of rotor blades arranged into the at least one blade row can be alternatively viewed as an (annular) rotor blade assembly or a rotor blade cascade.
• the apparatus 100 further comprises at least one row (cascade) of stationary or stator blades 2 arranged upstream of the at least one row of the rotor blades 3, and at least one row (cascade) of stationary blades 4 arranged downstream of the at least one row of the rotor blades 3.
• the rows 2, 4 of stationary blades are further referred to as (stationary) vanes.
• the stationary rows of vanes 2, 4 are provided as essentially annular assemblies upstream- and downstream of the at least one row of rotor blades 3, respectively.
• the apparatus 100 comprises more than one row of rotor blades 3, each said row of rotor blades is disposed between the rows of stationary blades/vanes 2, 4, respectively.
• Blade/vane design depends on realization of the apparatus 100. Variable parameters include the shape of the blade (at PS and/or SS), airfoil profile, blade inlet- and the blade exit angles, the root-to-tip radius ratio, spacing between consecutive blades (pitch), and the like. By altering these parameters, a variable passage channel geometry between the adjacent blades is created in order to achieve required/ desired pressure and/or temperature conditions within the fluid.
• the space (passage 6) between any one of the blade/vanes rows 2, 3 or 4, or between all indicated blade rows can be adjusted as required for flow conditioning purposes.
• the apparatus 100 operates within a range of velocities (U) between about 150-300 meter per second (m/s), for example. Other (lower or higher) velocities or ranges of velocities are not excluded.
• the rotor blade (tip) speed (U) within a value range of about 300- 400 m/s can be achieved.
• the above values are given for illustrative purposes and are not to be considered as limiting.
• the rotor speed and the flow velocity accordingly, can vary depending on the fluidic medium, process temperature, materials forming the apparatus 100, and other parameters.
• the at least one row of rotor blades 3 receives the flow entering from any one of the axial, diagonal and radial direction, or a combination thereof (e.g. from axial-radial direction).
• the rotor hub 3 and the casing 20 indirectly define the flow direction; therefore, direction of the flow can also be regulated by modifying the apparatus 100. Modification can be done by simple up-and down-scaling and/or by implementing the apparatus 100 in different realizations, as explained further below.
• the rotor is configured, in terms of profiles and dimensions of the rotor blades and disposition thereof on the rotor hub/rotor disk, to maximize and optionally to control mechanical energy input into the stream of fluidic medium.
• Temperatures up to 2000-2500 °C can be achieved.
• the apparatus 100 in different configurations, is capable of providing the temperature rise within a range of about 10-1000 °C per energy transfer stage.
• Exemplary stagewise temperature rise values include 50-100 °C, 100-500 °C and 500-1000 °C and/or any value within these ranges.
• the temperature rise per stage largely depends on the fluidic medium propagated through the apparatus 100 and a technical application area in which the apparatus 100 is expected to be utilized. Aforementioned temperature rise (per stage) can be achieved in less than one millisecond: therefore, heating of the fluid in the apparatus 100 having for example 1-10 energy transfer stages is instantaneous.
• Transpiration cooling for all blade rows (2, 3, 4) could be achieved through sintering technologies.
• the stationary blade row disposed upstream the rotor comprises a plurality of guide vanes configured, in terms of profiles, dimensions and disposition around the rotor shaft, to direct the stream of fluidic medium into the row of rotor blades in a predetermined direction such, as to control and, in some instances, to maximize the rotor-specific work input capability.
• the guide vanes 2 are advantageously configured as nozzle guide vanes (NG Vs).
• NG Vs nozzle guide vanes
• the guide vanes arranged before the rotor blades at a stage containing the inlet port(s)/line(s) 11 are referred to as inlet guide vanes (IGVs), and the same at the stage containing the outlet port(s)/line(s) 12 - as outlet guide vanes (OGVs).
• variable and “adjustable” are used interchangeably in the present context and indicate susceptibility of an area or a subject to modifications (adjustment).
• the stationary vanes 2, 4, as well as the rotor blades 3, can form a fixed or variable blade (inter)channel geometry by varying the blade angle (a blade setting angle).
• Fig. 2A shows an exemplary multistage configuration comprising two stages 10 (10-1 and 10-2), each stage comprises the stator-rotor- stator/diffuser blade rows (2-3-4).
• the space 5 between the stages 10-1 and 10-2 can be defined, inter alia, as a distance L between a stationary diffuser vane or a row of stationary diffuser vanes of the upstream stage 10-1 and a stationary guide vane or a row of stationary guide vanes of the downstream stage 10-2.
• Figs. 3A and 3B illustrate in more detail the embodiments shown on Figs. 2A and 2B, respectively.
• Fig. 3C shows a “mixed” stage solution, in which the embodiments shown on Figs. 3A and 3B (three- and two-blade stages) are combined.
• Fig. 3C shows an exemplary embodiment of the apparatus 100 implemented with three (3) two-blade row stages and one (1) three-blade row stage, with the space 5 in between.
• the apparatus 100 embodied as 100C, comprises a rotor unit mounted onto the rotor shaft 1 positioned along a horizontal (longitudinal) axis A- X’.
• the rotor unit comprises a plurality of rotor blades 3 arranged over the circumference of a rotor disk.
• Stationary component is represented by a plurality of stationary guide vanes 2 and stationary diffuser vanes 4 arranged into essentially annular assemblies or cascades at both sides of the bladed rotor disk.
• a row of stationary guide vanes 2 is disposed upstream the rotor blade cascade 3 and the row of stationary diffuser vanes 4 is disposed downstream the rotor blade cascade in a direction of fluid flow through the apparatus between the at least one inlet and the at least one outlet.
• Fig. 6 illustrates, at A the apparatus 100 comprising at least one axial-radial inlet 11 (11-1, 11-2) and at least one axial outlet 12 (12-1, 12-2).
• Illustration B shows the apparatus 100 with at least one axial-radial inlet 11 (11-1, 11-2) and at least on radial outlet 12 (12-1).
• Illustration C show the apparatus 100 with at least one radial inlet 11 (11-1) and at least one radial outlet 12 (12-1).
• Exemplary volute configurations with a single- or multiple inlet and outlet ducts are shown at Fig. 6, C.
• the apparatus 100 further comprises appliances for intermediate injection- and/or extraction.
• Said appliances comprise a number of ports and conduits optionally arranged into manifolds configured to connect the apparatus 100 with an intermediate facility, such as a heat exchanger, a heater, a source chemical, and the like.
• the apparatus 100 can be connected to at least one heat exchanger through a system of injection/extraction conduits.
• a part of heated fluid is withdrawn from the apparatus 100 through extraction conduit(s) and directed into the heat exchanger(s), where thermal energy is extracted from the fluid.
• the heat exchanger(s) may be configured to cool the extracted fluid from 1000-1500 degree Celsius to about less than 1000 degree Celsius, for example. Cooled fluid is either injected (through the injection conduit(s)/port(s)) back to the process flow propagating through the apparatus 100 (viz. for internal heating) or used in the cooling arrangement described herein above.
• an arrangement may be established (see dashed box, Fig. 11), which arrangement may further be a part of a heat-consuming system 1000.
• a method for inputting thermal energy into a fluidic medium comprises at least the following steps:
• the amount of thermal energy input to the stream of fluidic medium propagating through the apparatus is regulated by varying a space formed between an exit from the at least one row of diffuser vanes and an entrance to the at least one row of nozzle guide vanes in a direction of the flow path formed inside the casing between the inlet and the outlet.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Geometry (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
• Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
• Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=86852192

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Families Citing this family (7)

Citations (5)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 2021
  • 2021-12-23 FI FI20216338A patent/FI130336B/en active IP Right Grant
• 2022
  • 2022-12-22 EP EP22910279.3A patent/EP4452474A4/en active Pending
  • 2022-12-22 KR KR1020247024812A patent/KR20240128706A/ko active Pending
  • 2022-12-22 AU AU2022422710A patent/AU2022422710A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-12-22 WO PCT/FI2022/050868 patent/WO2023118668A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2022-12-22 CN CN202280085621.7A patent/CN118450938A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-12-22 US US18/145,355 patent/US12258977B2/en active Active
  • 2022-12-22 CA CA3239493A patent/CA3239493A1/en active Pending
  • 2022-12-22 JP JP2024537940A patent/JP2025501584A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (5)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events