WO2023116524A1 - 电池soc的估算方法及相关装置 - Google Patents

电池soc的估算方法及相关装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023116524A1
WO2023116524A1 PCT/CN2022/138943 CN2022138943W WO2023116524A1 WO 2023116524 A1 WO2023116524 A1 WO 2023116524A1 CN 2022138943 W CN2022138943 W CN 2022138943W WO 2023116524 A1 WO2023116524 A1 WO 2023116524A1
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Prior art keywords
soc
battery
open circuit
capacity
current
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PCT/CN2022/138943
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张君伟
康文蓉
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长城汽车股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023116524A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023116524A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/385Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
    • G01R31/387Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of batteries, and in particular to a battery SOC estimation method and a related device.
  • SOC state of charge, battery state of charge
  • SOC represents the percentage value of the remaining charge of the battery pack, and is used to measure the current remaining available capacity of the battery pack. Accurate SOC estimation can ensure the rationality of vehicle-related strategies, battery safety, and optimize the car experience of drivers and passengers.
  • the general correction method of SOC includes static OCV (Open circuit voltage, open circuit voltage) correction.
  • This method calculates the current SOC of the battery using the OCV-SOC table. Therefore, for this method, the OCV-SOC table is one of the important cell parameters on which the SOC calculation depends.
  • OCV-SOC table it is necessary to test the battery cell to obtain the OCV-SOC table corresponding to different temperatures and different discharge rates.
  • the above test takes a long time, and usually the manufacturer will only provide OCV-SOC tables corresponding to several representative temperatures. Therefore, in the actual application process, it often occurs that the current temperature does not match the temperature corresponding to the OCV-SOC table, which leads to the problem of low SOC correction accuracy.
  • the present application provides a battery SOC estimation method and a related device to solve the problem of low SOC correction accuracy due to the discrepancy between the temperature corresponding to the OCV-SOC table and the actual temperature.
  • the present application provides a battery SOC estimation method, which includes:
  • the SOC target value of the battery at the current moment is obtained;
  • the capacity-voltage fitting formula is, At the preset temperature, based on the formula obtained by fitting the remaining available capacity and the corresponding open circuit voltage, the remaining available capacity is obtained by multiplying the maximum available capacity at the preset temperature and the SOC value;
  • the estimated SOC value of the battery at the current moment is corrected by using the SOC target value at the current moment.
  • the acquiring the open circuit voltage of the battery at the current moment includes:
  • obtaining the maximum available capacity of the battery at the current temperature includes:
  • the process of obtaining the capacity-voltage fitting formula based on the remaining available capacity and the corresponding open circuit voltage fitting includes:
  • the preset OCV-SOC table includes a plurality of open circuit voltage-SOC value data pairs at the preset temperature
  • the SOC target value of the battery at the current moment is obtained according to the maximum available capacity at the current temperature, the open circuit voltage at the current moment, and the capacity-voltage fitting formula, including :
  • the SOC target value of the battery at the current moment is obtained according to the maximum available capacity at the current temperature, the open circuit voltage at the current moment, and the capacity-voltage fitting formula, including :
  • the preset temperature is 25 degrees Celsius.
  • the capacity-voltage fitting formula is:
  • Y represents the open circuit voltage
  • the X represents the remaining available capacity of the battery at the preset temperature
  • the C temp represents the maximum available capacity of the battery at the preset temperature
  • K 0 ⁇ K n represents the fitting coefficient
  • the present application provides a device for estimating battery SOC, which includes:
  • the SOC estimated value obtaining module is used to obtain the SOC estimated value of the battery at the current moment
  • a current data acquisition module configured to acquire the open circuit voltage of the battery at the current moment and the maximum available capacity of the battery at the current temperature
  • the SOC target value calculation module is used to obtain the SOC target value of the battery at the current moment according to the maximum available capacity at the current temperature, the open circuit voltage at the current moment, and the capacity-voltage fitting formula; wherein, the The capacity-voltage fitting formula is a formula obtained by fitting based on the remaining available capacity and the corresponding open circuit voltage at a preset temperature, and the remaining available capacity is obtained by multiplying the maximum available capacity at the preset temperature and the SOC value ;
  • An SOC correction module configured to use the SOC target value at the current moment to correct the estimated SOC value of the battery at the current moment.
  • the current data acquisition module includes an open circuit voltage calculation unit, and the calculation unit is used for:
  • the current data acquisition module includes a maximum available capacity calculation unit, and the calculation unit is used for:
  • the device for estimating battery SOC also includes a capacity-voltage fitting formula acquisition module, which is used for:
  • the preset OCV-SOC table includes a plurality of open circuit voltage-SOC value data pairs at the preset temperature
  • the SOC target value calculation module is specifically used for:
  • the SOC target value calculation module is specifically used for:
  • the present application provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor.
  • the processor executes the computer program, the above Steps in the method described in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the above-mentioned any possible implementation manner of the first aspect is implemented. steps of the method described above.
  • the electronic device is a hardware part of a battery management system of a vehicle.
  • the present application provides an automobile, which includes the electronic device described in the third aspect above.
  • the first aspect of the present application provides a method for estimating battery SOC, which first obtains the estimated value of SOC of the battery at the current moment; then obtains the open circuit voltage of the battery at the current moment and the maximum available battery at the current temperature Capacity; according to the maximum available capacity at the current temperature, the open circuit voltage at the current moment, and the capacity-voltage fitting formula, the SOC target value corresponding to the battery at the current moment is obtained; wherein, the capacity-voltage fitting The formula is, at the preset temperature, based on the formula obtained by fitting the remaining available capacity and the corresponding open circuit voltage, the remaining available capacity is obtained by multiplying the maximum available capacity at the preset temperature and the SOC value; finally, the current time is used
  • the SOC target value of the battery corrects the SOC estimation value of the battery at the current moment.
  • the preset temperature may be the temperature corresponding to the OCV-SOC table given by the manufacturer. That is to say, through the above scheme, the present application can use the existing OCV-SOC table to obtain the capacity-voltage fitting formula that can be applied to the current temperature, and then obtain the SOC target value at the current temperature, thereby improving the SOC correction of the battery accuracy.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the implementation of the battery SOC estimation method provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the curve of the preset capacity-temperature table provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of OCV-SOC curves at different temperatures provided by the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structural composition of the battery SOC estimation device provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure and composition of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of an implementation of a method for estimating battery SOC provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the battery SOC estimation method includes four steps from S101 to S104. A detailed description of these four steps follows.
  • the execution subject (electronic device) of this step may be a battery management system.
  • the estimated SOC value of the battery can be calculated by an ampere-hour integration method.
  • the estimated SOC value of the battery can also be calculated by other methods, which is not limited in this application.
  • the open circuit voltage is the terminal voltage of the battery in an open circuit state.
  • the battery will be polarized after charging or discharging. At this time, the external characteristic voltage of the battery is inconsistent with the open circuit voltage of the battery. Therefore, before obtaining the open circuit voltage of the battery, it is necessary to let the battery stand for a certain period of time to eliminate polarization.
  • the voltage after standing still is the terminal voltage of the battery in an open circuit state.
  • the maximum available capacity refers to the full capacity that can be released by a fully charged battery at a certain temperature and discharged according to a preset discharge rate (that is, a preset current intensity). According to the physical characteristics of the battery, the maximum usable capacity will change according to the temperature of the battery. When the temperature is high, the maximum available capacity of the battery is larger; when the temperature is low, the maximum available capacity of the battery is small.
  • S103 Obtain the SOC target value of the battery at the current moment according to the maximum available capacity at the current temperature, the open circuit voltage at the current moment, and the capacity-voltage fitting formula; wherein, the capacity-voltage fitting formula is, at the preset temperature Next, based on the formula obtained by fitting the remaining available capacity and the corresponding open circuit voltage, the remaining available capacity is obtained by multiplying the maximum available capacity at the preset temperature and the SOC value.
  • the battery management system will calculate and update the estimated SOC value of the battery in real time during battery operation. There are errors in the estimated SOC value, which needs to be corrected by the battery management system from time to time. For the existing static OCV correction method, it is necessary to allow the battery to stand for a period of time before the accurate open circuit voltage can be detected. A battery that has been in the working state for a long time cannot achieve resting and correction of the SOC estimation value, so the error of its SOC estimation value will become larger and larger due to accumulation.
  • the voltage and current during battery operation are usually measured; then the current measured current and the open circuit voltage Uocv corresponding to the current measured voltage are calculated in combination with the DC internal resistance DCR; finally, the current open circuit is determined by looking up the table The SOC value corresponding to the voltage Uocv, so as to realize the SOC correction during the battery operation.
  • the supplier will only provide OCV-SOC tables corresponding to a few temperatures, for example, the OCV-SOC table corresponding to the normal temperature condition of 25°C.
  • the actual temperature does not match the temperature corresponding to the OCV-SOC table given by the supplier, it will cause the problem of low SOC estimation accuracy.
  • the OCV-SOC table corresponding to the known temperature is converted into a corresponding relationship between the remaining available capacity and the open circuit voltage, so that the remaining available capacity corresponding to the open circuit voltage at the current moment can be calculated through the corresponding relationship (the remaining available capacity corresponds to the above-mentioned know the temperature). Then, according to the remaining available capacity and the maximum available capacity at the current temperature, the SOC value corresponding to the current temperature is obtained. It can be seen that through S103, the calculation of SOC at the current temperature can be realized without knowing the OCV-SOC table corresponding to the current temperature, so as to avoid the cumbersome measurement of the OCV-SOC table at all temperatures and improve the SOC. Calculation accuracy.
  • S104 Using the SOC target value at the current moment to correct the estimated SOC value of the battery at the current moment.
  • the SOC target value at the current moment is obtained in S103 , in this step, the SOC target value at the current moment is used to replace the estimated SOC value at the current moment, thereby completing the estimation of the battery SOC at the current moment.
  • the specific implementation process of S102 includes:
  • U ocv U c + i ⁇ DCR , calculate the open circuit voltage of the battery at the current moment; where U ocv represents the open circuit voltage, U c represents the measured voltage, i represents the measured current, and DCR represents the DC internal resistance of the battery.
  • the specific implementation process of S102 also includes:
  • the preset capacity-temperature table includes a correspondence relationship between the maximum available capacity and the temperature.
  • Fig. 2 shows a curve corresponding to a preset capacity-temperature table.
  • the abscissa is the temperature
  • the ordinate is the maximum available capacity.
  • the process of obtaining the capacity-voltage fitting formula based on the remaining available capacity and the corresponding open circuit voltage fitting includes:
  • the preset OCV-SOC table includes a plurality of open circuit voltage-SOC value data pairs at a preset temperature
  • the preset temperature may be 25 degrees Celsius. In general, the maximum available capacity corresponding to 25 degrees Celsius is the rated capacity of the battery.
  • Table 1 shows an OCV-SOC table at a preset temperature. As shown in Table 1, the preset OCV-SOC table includes the open circuit voltage Uocv corresponding to multiple SOCs in the full range of SOC (0-100%). Each open-circuit voltage corresponds to an SOC value, forming an open-circuit voltage-SOC value data pair. For example, when the open circuit voltage Uocv is 3.50, the SOC value is 15, then 3.50 and 15 form an open circuit voltage-SOC value data pair.
  • Y represents the open circuit voltage
  • X represents the remaining available capacity at the current temperature (here is the temperature corresponding to Table 1, that is, 25 degrees Celsius)
  • K 0 ⁇ K n represents the fitting coefficient of each fraction
  • C temp represents the current temperature (Here is the maximum available capacity at the temperature corresponding to Table 1, namely 25 degrees Celsius).
  • the specific implementation process of S103 in FIG. 1 includes:
  • the maximum available capacity at the current temperature and the open circuit voltage at the current moment are input into the capacity-voltage fitting formula to obtain the SOC target value corresponding to the battery at the current moment.
  • formula (1) is used to calculate the SOC target value.
  • the fitting coefficients of each fraction that is, K 0 ⁇ K n
  • K 0 ⁇ K n are obtained based on a temperature (such as 25 degrees Celsius corresponding to Table 1), but they can be applied to other temperatures. That is to say, in this implementation manner, K 0 ⁇ K n in formula (1) can be used to solve the target value of SOC.
  • the maximum available capacity at the current temperature (ie C temp ) is known
  • the open circuit voltage at the current moment (ie Y) is known
  • K 0 ⁇ K n is known
  • SOC becomes the only unknown quantity, so it can be solved by formula (1).
  • S103 in FIG. 1 may also be implemented through the following steps:
  • the fitting coefficients of each fraction in the capacity-voltage fitting formula (1) ie, K 0 ⁇ K n
  • they are based on a temperature (such as the corresponding 25°C)
  • they can be applied to other temperatures.
  • the remaining available capacity corresponding to multiple open-circuit voltages at the current temperature can be obtained by using K 0 ⁇ K n .
  • the maximum available capacity at the current temperature can be found through the capacity-temperature table shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the abscissa is the temperature
  • the ordinate is the maximum available capacity.
  • the OCV-SOC tables at other temperatures can be determined according to the capacity-voltage fitting formula at the preset temperature and the preset capacity-temperature table (OCV-SOC tables at different temperatures are shown in Figure 3 display); furthermore, the required SOC target value at the current moment can be queried according to the OCV-SOC table corresponding to the open circuit voltage at the current moment and the current temperature.
  • the battery SOC estimation method can obtain the SOC target value at the current temperature through the following steps: first obtain the SOC estimation value of the battery at the current moment; then obtain the open circuit voltage of the battery at the current moment and the battery at the current moment The maximum available capacity at the current temperature; according to the maximum available capacity at the current temperature, the open circuit voltage at the current moment, and the capacity-voltage fitting formula, the SOC target value corresponding to the battery at the current moment is obtained; where the capacity-voltage fitting formula is , at the preset temperature, based on the formula obtained by fitting the remaining available capacity and the corresponding open circuit voltage, the remaining available capacity is obtained by multiplying the maximum available capacity at the preset temperature and the SOC value; finally, the SOC target value at the current moment is used Correct the estimated SOC value of the battery at the current moment.
  • the preset temperature may be the temperature corresponding to the OCV-SOC table given by the manufacturer. That is to say, through the above steps, the present application can use the existing OCV-SOC table to obtain the capacity-voltage fitting formula that can be applied to the current temperature, and then obtain the SOC target value at the current temperature, thereby improving the SOC correction of the battery accuracy.
  • Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of the battery SOC estimation device 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application. For the convenience of description, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present application are shown, and the details are as follows:
  • the battery SOC estimating device 100 includes:
  • SOC estimated value acquisition module 110 configured to acquire the SOC estimated value of the battery at the current moment
  • the current data acquisition module 120 is used to acquire the open circuit voltage of the battery at the current moment and the maximum available capacity of the battery at the current temperature;
  • the SOC target value calculation module 130 is used to obtain the SOC target value of the battery at the current moment according to the maximum available capacity at the current temperature, the open circuit voltage at the current moment, and the capacity-voltage fitting formula; wherein, the capacity-voltage fitting formula is: , at a preset temperature, based on the formula obtained by fitting the remaining available capacity and the corresponding open circuit voltage, the remaining available capacity is obtained by multiplying the maximum available capacity at the preset temperature and the SOC value;
  • the SOC correction module 140 is configured to use the SOC target value at the current moment to correct the estimated SOC value of the battery at the current moment.
  • the current data acquisition module 120 includes an open circuit voltage calculation unit, and the calculation unit is used for:
  • the current data acquisition module 120 includes a maximum available capacity calculation unit, and the calculation unit is used for:
  • the battery SOC estimating device 100 also includes a capacity-voltage fitting formula acquisition module, and the acquisition module is used for:
  • the preset OCV-SOC table includes a plurality of open circuit voltage-SOC value data pairs at the preset temperature
  • the SOC target value calculation module 130 is specifically used for:
  • the maximum available capacity at the current temperature and the open circuit voltage at the current moment are input into the capacity-voltage fitting formula to obtain the SOC target value of the battery at the current moment.
  • the SOC target value calculation module 130 is specifically used for:
  • the estimation device 100 can obtain the SOC target value at the current temperature through the following steps: first obtain the SOC estimated value of the battery at the current moment; then obtain the open circuit voltage of the battery at the current moment and the maximum available battery temperature Capacity: According to the maximum available capacity at the current temperature, the open circuit voltage at the current moment, and the capacity-voltage fitting formula, the SOC target value corresponding to the battery at the current moment is obtained; among them, the capacity-voltage fitting formula is, at the preset temperature , based on the formula obtained by fitting the remaining available capacity and the corresponding open circuit voltage, the remaining available capacity is obtained by multiplying the maximum available capacity at the preset temperature and the SOC value; SOC estimates are corrected. Through the above steps, the estimating device 100 can obtain the capacity-voltage fitting formula, and based on the formula, obtain the SOC target value corresponding to the open circuit voltage at different temperatures (including the current temperature), thereby improving the SOC correction accuracy of the battery.
  • the present application also provides a computer program product, which has a program code, and when the program code runs in a corresponding processor, controller, computing device or electronic device, it executes the steps in any one of the battery SOC estimation method embodiments above. , such as S101 to S104 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • a special purpose processor may be an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), and/or a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • the proposed methods and devices are preferably implemented as a combination of hardware and software.
  • the software is preferably installed as an application program on the program storage device. It is typically a computer platform based machine having hardware, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs), random access memory (RAM), and one or more input/output (I/O) interfaces.
  • An operating system is also typically installed on the computer platform. Various procedures and functions described herein may be part of the application program, or a part thereof may be performed by the operating system.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by the present application.
  • the electronic device 5 provided by the present application includes: a processor 50 , a memory 51 , and a computer program 52 stored in the memory 51 and operable on the processor 50 .
  • the processor 50 executes the computer program 52
  • the steps in the implementation methods of the above-mentioned methods for estimating the battery SOC are implemented, such as S101 to S104 shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the processor 50 executes the computer program 52
  • the functions of the modules/units in the above-mentioned device implementation manners are implemented, for example, the functions of the modules 110 to 140 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the computer program 52 can be divided into one or more modules/units, and these modules/units can be stored in the memory 51 and executed by the processor 50 to complete or implement the various implementations provided by the present application.
  • computer program 52 may be divided into modules 110 to 140 shown in FIG. 4 .
  • These modules/units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of accomplishing specific functions, and these instruction segments can describe the execution process of the computer program 52 in the electronic device 5 .
  • the electronic device 5 may include, but is not limited to, a processor 50 and a memory 51 . Those skilled in the art can understand that FIG. 5 is only an example of the electronic device 5 and does not constitute a limitation to the electronic device 5 . Electronic device 5 may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or different components. For example, the electronic device 5 may also include an input and output device, a network access device, a bus, and the like.
  • the processor 50 can be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), and can also be other general-purpose processors, a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), Field Programmable Gate Array (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • the above-mentioned general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any other conventional processor.
  • the storage 51 may be an internal storage unit of the electronic device 5 , such as a hard disk or memory of the electronic device 5 .
  • the memory 51 can also be an external storage device of the electronic device 5, such as a plug-in hard disk equipped on the electronic device 5, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, a flash memory card (Flash Card) and so on.
  • the memory 51 may also include both an internal storage unit of the electronic device 5 and an external storage device.
  • the memory 51 is used to store a computer program 52 and other programs and data required by the electronic device 5 .
  • the memory 51 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.
  • the present application also provides a vehicle, which includes the above-mentioned electronic device 5 .
  • the disclosed apparatus/electronic equipment and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the apparatus/electronic device implementations described above are illustrative only.
  • the division of modules or units is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation.
  • several units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units. That is, the above components and units may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of each implementation manner.
  • the integrated module/unit is realized in the form of a software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, all or part of the procedures in the implementation manners of the above-mentioned methods in this application may be completed by controlling related hardware through computer programs.
  • the computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, it can realize the steps in the implementation manners of each battery SOC estimation method mentioned above.
  • the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code may be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or some intermediate form.
  • the computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, and a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM) , random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium, etc.
  • ROM Read-Only Memory
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • electric carrier signal telecommunication signal and software distribution medium, etc.

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Abstract

一种电池SOC的估算方法及相关装置。估算方法包括:获取电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值(S101);获取电池在当前时刻的开路电压和电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量(S102);根据当前温度下的最大可用容量、当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值;其中,容量-电压拟合公式为,在预设温度下,基于剩余可用容量和对应开路电压拟合得到的公式,剩余可用容量由预设温度下的最大可用容量和SOC值相乘得到(S103);采用当前时刻的SOC目标值对电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值进行修正(S104)。基于容量-电压拟合公式得到不同温度下开路电压对应的SOC目标值,从而提高电池的SOC修正准确性。

Description

电池SOC的估算方法及相关装置
本专利申请要求于2021年12月24日提交的中国专利申请No.CN 202111602390.6的优先权。在先申请的公开内容通过整体引用并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池技术领域,尤其涉及一种电池SOC的估算方法及相关装置。
背景技术
在电池管理系统中,SOC(state of charge,电池荷电状态)是一项非常重要的电池参数。SOC代表电池组剩余荷电量的百分比值,用于衡量电池组当前剩余的可用容量。准确的SOC估算,可以保障整车的相关策略合理、电池的安全性、以及优化驾乘人员的用车体验。
目前,SOC的通用修正方法包括静置OCV(Open circuit voltage,开路电压)修正。该方法利用OCV-SOC表计算电池的当前SOC。因此,对于该方法而言,OCV-SOC表是SOC计算所依赖的重要电芯参数之一。为了得到OCV-SOC表,需要对电芯进行测试,以获取不同温度、不同放电倍率对应的OCV-SOC表。然而,上述测试耗费的时间较长,通常情况下厂家只会给出具有代表性的几个温度对应的OCV-SOC表。因此,实际应用过程中,常常出现当前温度与OCV-SOC表对应的温度不相符的情况,从而导致SOC修正准确度低下的问题。
技术问题
本申请提供了一种电池SOC的估算方法及相关装置,以解决因OCV-SOC表对应的温度与实际温度不符,导致SOC修正准确度低下的问题。
技术解决方案
第一方面,本申请提供了一种电池SOC的估算方法,其包括:
获取电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值;
获取所述电池在当前时刻的开路电压和所述电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量;
根据所述当前温度下的最大可用容量、所述当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到所述电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值;其中,所述容量-电压拟合公式为,在预设温度下,基于剩余可用容量和对应开路电压拟合得到的公式,所述剩余可用容量由所述预设温度下的最大可用容量和SOC值相乘得到;
采用当所述前时刻的SOC目标值对所述电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值进行修正。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述获取所述电池在当前时刻的开路电压,包括:
获取所述电池在当前时刻的测量电压和测量电流;
根据公式U ocv = U c + i· DCR,计算所述电池在当前时刻的开路电压,其中,U ocv 表示所述开路电压,U c 表示所述测量电压, i表示所述测量电流, DCR表示所述电池的直流内阻。
在一种可能的实现方式中,获取所述电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量,包括:
获取所述电池的当前温度;
基于预设容量-温度表查找所述电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述预设温度下,基于剩余可用容量和对应开路电压拟合得到容量-电压拟合公式的过程包括:
获取预设OCV-SOC表;其中,所述预设OCV-SOC表包括所述预设温度下的多个开路电压-SOC值数据对;
获取所述电池在所述预设温度下的最大可用容量;
将所述多个开路电压-SOC值数据对中的所有SOC值分别与所述预设温度下的所述最大可用容量相乘,得到所述预设温度下的多个所述剩余可用容量;
基于所述预设温度下的所述多个开路电压-SOC值数据对中的所有开路电压和所述多个剩余可用容量,进行自变量为剩余可用容量,因变量为开路电压的多项式拟合,得到所述容量-电压拟合公式。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述根据所述当前温度下的最大可用容量、所述当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到所述电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值,包括:
将所述当前温度下的最大可用容量和所述当前时刻的开路电压输入所述容量-电压拟合公式,得到所述电池在当前时刻对应的SOC目标值。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述根据所述当前温度下的最大可用容量、所述当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到所述电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值,包括:
根据所述容量-电压拟合公式确定电池在多个开路电压下的剩余可用容量;
将各个剩余可用容量分别除以所述当前温度下的最大可用容量,得到所述当前温度下的SOC值;
基于当前温度下的SOC值和对应的开路电压确定当前温度下的OCV-SOC表;
在所述当前温度下的OCV-SOC表中查找所述当前时刻的开路电压对应的SOC值,并将该SOC值作为所述电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述预设温度为25摄氏度。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述容量-电压拟合公式为:
Figure dest_path_image001
其中,Y表示开路电压,所述X表示所述电池在所述预设温度下的剩余可用容量,所述 C temp 表示所述电池在所述预设温度下的最大可用容量,K 0~K n表示拟合系数。
在一种可能的实现方式中,当n=6时,所述拟合系数分别为:K 0 = 3.329,K 1 = 6.16e-05,K 2 = 7.498e-09,K 3 = -3.787e-12,K 4 = 5.106e-16,K 5 = -2.772e-20和K 6 = 5.334e-25。
第二方面,本申请提供了一种电池SOC的估算装置,其包括:
SOC估算值获取模块,用于获取电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值;
当前数据获取模块,用于获取所述电池在当前时刻的开路电压和所述电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量;
SOC目标值计算模块,用于根据所述当前温度下的最大可用容量、所述当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到所述电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值;其中,所述容量-电压拟合公式为,在预设温度下,基于剩余可用容量和对应开路电压拟合得到的公式,所述剩余可用容量由所述预设温度下的最大可用容量和SOC值相乘得到;
SOC修正模块,用于采用所述当前时刻的SOC目标值对所述电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值进行修正。
在一种可能的实现方式中,当前数据获取模块包括开路电压计算单元,该计算单元用于:
获取所述电池在当前时刻的测量电压和测量电流;
根据公式U ocv = U c + i· DCR,计算所述电池在当前时刻的开路电压,其中,U ocv 表示所述开路电压,U c 表示所述测量电压, i表示所述测量电流, DCR表示所述电池的直流内阻。
在一种可能的实现方式中,当前数据获取模块包括最大可用容量计算单元,该计算单元用于:
获取所述电池的当前温度;
基于预设容量-温度表查找所述电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量。
在一种可能的实现方式中,电池SOC的估算装置还包括容量-电压拟合公式获取模块,该获取模块用于:
获取预设OCV-SOC表;其中,所述预设OCV-SOC表包括所述预设温度下的多个开路电压-SOC值数据对;
获取所述电池在所述预设温度下的最大可用容量;
将所述多个开路电压-SOC值数据对中的所有SOC值分别与所述预设温度下的所述最大可用容量相乘,得到所述预设温度下的多个所述剩余可用容量;
基于所述预设温度下的所述多个开路电压-SOC值数据对中的所有开路电压和所述多个剩余可用容量,进行自变量为剩余可用容量,因变量为开路电压的多项式拟合,得到所述容量-电压拟合公式。
在一种可能的实现方式中,SOC目标值计算模块具体用于:
将所述当前温度下的最大可用容量和所述当前时刻的开路电压输入所述容量-电压拟合公式,得到所述电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值。
在一种可能的实现方式中,SOC目标值计算模块具体用于:
根据所述容量-电压拟合公式确定电池在多个开路电压下的剩余可用容量;
将各个剩余可用容量分别除以所述当前温度下的最大可用容量,得到所述当前温度下的SOC值;
基于当前温度下的SOC值和对应的开路电压确定当前温度下的OCV-SOC表;
在所述当前温度下对应的OCV-SOC表中查找所述当前时刻的开路电压对应的SOC值,并将该SOC值作为所述电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值。
第三方面,本申请提供了一种电子设备,包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器中并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如上第一方面任一种可能的实现方式所述方法的步骤。
第四方面,本申请提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上第一方面任一种可能的实现方式所述方法的步骤。
在一种可能的实现方式中,所述电子设备为车辆的电池管理系统的硬件部分。
第五方面,本申请提供了一种汽车,其包括如上第三方面所述的电子设备。
有益效果
本申请的第一方面提供了一种电池SOC的估算方法,其首先获取电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值;然后获取所述电池在当前时刻的开路电压和所述电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量;根据所述当前温度下的最大可用容量、所述当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到所述电池在当前时刻对应的SOC目标值;其中,所述容量-电压拟合公式为,在预设温度下,基于剩余可用容量和对应开路电压拟合得到的公式,所述剩余可用容量由所述预设温度下的最大可用容量和SOC值相乘得到;最后采用当前时刻的SOC目标值对所述电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值进行修正。所述预设温度可以是厂家给出的OCV-SOC表对应的温度。也就是说,通过上述方案,本申请能够通过已有的OCV-SOC表,得到能够应用于当前温度的容量-电压拟合公式,进而得到当前温度下的SOC目标值,从而提高电池的SOC修正准确性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施方式提供的电池SOC的估算方法的实现流程图;
图2是本申请实施方式提供的预设容量-温度表的曲线示意图;
图3是本申请实施方式提供的不同温度下的OCV-SOC曲线示意图;
图4是本申请实施方式提供的电池SOC的估算装置的结构组成示意图;
图5是本申请实施方式提供的电子设备的结构组成示意图。
本发明的实施方式
以下描述中,为了说明而不是为了限定,提出了诸如特定系统结构、技术之类的具体细节,以便透彻理解本申请实施例。然而,本领域的技术人员应当清楚,在没有这些具体细节的其它实施例中也可以实现本申请。在其它情况中,省略对众所周知的系统、装置、电路以及方法的详细说明,以免不必要的细节妨碍本申请的描述。
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图通过具体实施例来进行说明。
参见图1,其示出了本申请的一个实施例提供的电池SOC的估算方法的实现流程图。本实施例中,电池SOC的估算方法包括S101至S104共四个步骤。这四个步骤的详细描述如下。
S101:获取电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值。
本步骤的执行主体(电子设备)可以为电池管理系统。本步骤中,电池的SOC估算值可以通过安时积分法计算得到。电池的SOC估算值也可以通过其他方法计算得到,本申请对此不作限定。
S102:获取电池在当前时刻的开路电压和电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量。
在本步骤中,开路电压为电池在开路状态下的端电压。电池在充电或者放电后会产生极化现象,此时电池的外特性电压与电池的开路电压不一致。所以获取电池的开路电压之前,需要将电池静置一定时间,以消除极化。静置之后的电压为电池在开路状态下的端电压。最大可用容量是指在某温度下,满电的电池按照预设放电倍率(即,预设的电流强度)放电,能放出的所有容量。依据电池的物理特性,最大可用容量会根据电池温度的变化而变化。在温度较高时,电池的最大可用容量较大;在温度较低时,电池的最大可用容量较小。
S103:根据当前温度下的最大可用容量、当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值;其中,所述容量-电压拟合公式为,在预设温度下,基于剩余可用容量和对应开路电压拟合得到的公式,所述剩余可用容量由所述预设温度下的最大可用容量和SOC值相乘得到。
电池管理系统在电池运行过程中会实时的计算及更新电池的SOC估算值。该SOC估算值是存在误差的,需要电池管理系统不定时的对其进行修正。对于现有的静置OCV修正方法,需要使电池静置一段时间,才能检测到准确的开路电压。长期处于工作状态的电池无法实现静置和SOC估算值的修正,因而其SOC估算值的误差会因为累计而越来越大。
为了解决上述问题,现有技术中通常对电池运行过程中的电压和电流进行测量;然后结合直流内阻DCR计算当前测量电流和当前测量电压对应的开路电压Uocv;最后通过查表确定当前的开路电压Uocv对应的SOC值,从而实现电池运行过程中的SOC修正。
但是电池在出厂时,供应商只会提供少数几个温度对应的OCV-SOC表,例如,常温工况25℃对应的OCV-SOC表。当实际温度与供应商给出的OCV-SOC表所对应的温度不符时,会造成SOC估算准确度低下的问题。
S103中,将已知温度对应的OCV-SOC表转换为剩余可用容量和开路电压的对应关系,从而能够通过该对应关系计算当前时刻开路电压对应的剩余可用容量(该剩余可用容量对应于上述已知温度)。然后根据该剩余可用容量和当前温度的最大可用容量,得到当前温度对应的SOC值。可见,通过S103,可以在未知当前温度对应的OCV-SOC表的情况下,实现当前温度下SOC的计算,从而既能避免对所有温度下OCV-SOC表的繁琐测量工作,又能够提高SOC的计算准确性。
S104:采用当前时刻的SOC目标值对电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值进行修正。
在S103中获取到当前时刻的SOC目标值后,本步骤采用该SOC目标值替换当前时刻的SOC估算值,从而完成当前时刻电池SOC的估算。
在一种可能的实现方式中,S102的具体实现流程包括:
获取电池在当前时刻的测量电压和测量电流;
根据公式U ocv = U c + i· DCR,计算电池在当前时刻的开路电压;其中,U ocv 表示开路电压,U c 表示测量电压, i表示测量电流, DCR表示电池的直流内阻。
在一种可能的实现方式中,S102的具体实现流程还包括:
获取电池的当前温度;
基于预设容量-温度表查找电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量。
在本实现方式中,预设容量-温度表包括最大可用容量和温度的对应关系。图2示出了一种预设容量-温度表对应的曲线。图2中,横坐标为温度,纵坐标为最大可用容量。
在一种可能的实现方式中,S103中,所述基于剩余可用容量和对应开路电压拟合得到容量-电压拟合公式的过程包括:
获取预设OCV-SOC表,其中,预设OCV-SOC表中包括预设温度下的多个开路电压-SOC值数据对;
获取电池在预设温度下的最大可用容量;
将所述多个开路电压-SOC值数据对中的所有SOC值分别与预设温度下的最大可用容量相乘,得到预设温度下的多个剩余可用容量;
基于预设温度下的所述多个开路电压-SOC值数据对中的所有开路电压和所述多个剩余可用容量,进行自变量为剩余可用容量,因变量为开路电压的多项式拟合,得到容量-电压拟合公式。
在本实现方式中,预设温度可以取25摄氏度。一般情况下,25摄氏度对应的最大可用容量为电池的额定容量。表1示出了一种预设温度下的OCV-SOC表。如表1所示,预设OCV-SOC表中包括SOC全范围(0-100%)内多个SOC对应的开路电压Uocv。每个开路电压对应一个SOC值,形成一个开路电压-SOC值数据对。例如,开路电压Uocv为3.50时,SOC值为15,则3.50和15形成一个开路电压-SOC值数据对。
表1
SOC 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 95 100
Uocv 3.32 3.38 3.44 3.50 3.54 3.57 3.60 3.63 3.66 3.69 3.73 4.11 4.17
基于表1,通过多项式拟合可以得到容量-电压拟合公式,如公式(1)所示:
Figure dest_path_image002
其中,Y表示开路电压,X表示当前温度(此处是表1对应的温度,即25摄氏度)下的剩余可用容量,K 0~K n表示各个分式的拟合系数,C temp表示当前温度(此处是表1对应的温度,即25摄氏度)下的最大可用容量。作为本实现方式的一个实施例,在采用表1中数据进行拟合时,使n=6,可以得到:
K 6 = 5.334e-25;K 5 = -2.772e-20;K 4 = 5.106e-16;K 3 = -3.787e-12;
K 2 = 7.498e-09;K 1 = 6.16e-05;K 0 = 3.329。
在一种可能的实现方式中,图1中的S103的具体实现流程包括:
将当前温度下的最大可用容量和当前时刻的开路电压输入容量-电压拟合公式,得到电池在当前时刻对应的SOC目标值。
本实现方式中,利用公式(1)计算SOC目标值。公式(1)中,各个分式的拟合系数(即,K 0~K n),虽然是基于一个温度(例如表1对应的25摄氏度)求得,但是它们能适用于别的温度。也就是说,本实现方式中,可以利用公式(1)中的K 0~K n求解SOC的目标值。那么对于公式(1)而言,本实现方式中,当前温度下的最大可用容量(即C temp)已知,当前时刻的开路电压(即Y)已知,K 0~K n已知;SOC成为了唯一的未知量,因此它可以通过公式(1)被求解出来。
在一种可能的实现方式中,图1中的S103还可以通过下述步骤实现:
根据容量-电压拟合公式确定电池在多个开路电压下的剩余可用容量;
将各个剩余可用容量分别除以当前温度下的最大可用容量,得到当前温度下的SOC值;
基于当前温度下的SOC值和对应的开路电压确定当前温度下的OCV-SOC表;
在当前温度下的OCV-SOC表中查找当前时刻的开路电压对应的SOC值,并将该SOC值作为电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值。
如在上一实现方式中所述的,容量-电压拟合公式(1)中的各个分式的拟合系数(即,K 0~K n),虽然是基于一个温度(例如表1对应的25摄氏度)求得,但是它们能适用于别的温度。本实现方式中,当前温度下、对应于多个开路电压的剩余可用容量,可以利用K 0~K n求解。
具体地,当前温度下的最大可用容量可以通过图2所示的容量-温度表查找。图2中,横坐标为温度,纵坐标为最大可用容量。实际上,本实施方式中,可以根据预设温度下的容量-电压拟合公式及预设容量-温度表,确定其他温度下的OCV-SOC表(不同温度的OCV-SOC表如图3所示);进而可以根据当前时刻的开路电压和当前温度对应的OCV-SOC表查询所需的、当前时刻的的SOC目标值。
从以上描述可知,本申请提供的电池SOC的估算方法能够通过以下步骤获得当前温度下的SOC目标值:首先获取电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值;然后获取电池在当前时刻的开路电压和电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量;根据当前温度下的最大可用容量、当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到电池在当前时刻对应的SOC目标值;其中,容量-电压拟合公式为,在预设温度下,基于剩余可用容量和对应开路电压拟合得到的公式,剩余可用容量由所述预设温度下的最大可用容量和SOC值相乘得到;最后采用当前时刻的SOC目标值对电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值进行修正。所述预设温度可以是厂家给出的OCV-SOC表对应的温度。也就是说,通过上述步骤,本申请能够通过已有的OCV-SOC表,得到能够应用于当前温度的容量-电压拟合公式,进而得到当前温度下的SOC目标值,从而提高电池的SOC修正准确性。
应理解,上述实施例中各步骤的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后,各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定,而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
以下为本申请的装置实施例,对于其中未详尽描述的细节,可以参考上述的、对应的方法实施例。
图4示出了本申请实施例提供的电池SOC的估算装置100的结构示意图,为了便于说明,仅示出了与本申请实施例相关的部分,详述如下:
如图4所示,电池SOC的估算装置100包括:
SOC估算值获取模块110,用于获取电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值;
当前数据获取模块120,用于获取电池在当前时刻的开路电压和电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量;
SOC目标值计算模块130,用于根据当前温度下的最大可用容量、当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值;其中,容量-电压拟合公式为,在预设温度下,基于剩余可用容量和对应开路电压拟合得到的公式,剩余可用容量由所述预设温度下的最大可用容量和SOC值相乘得到;
SOC修正模块140,用于采用所述当前时刻的SOC目标值对电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值进行修正。
在一种可能的实现方式中,当前数据获取模块120包括开路电压计算单元,该计算单元用于:
获取电池在当前时刻的测量电压和测量电流;
根据公式U ocv = U c + i· DCR,计算电池在当前时刻的开路电压,其中,U ocv 表示开路电压,U c 表示测量电压, i表示测量电流, DCR表示电池的直流内阻。
在一种可能的实现方式中,当前数据获取模块120包括最大可用容量计算单元,该计算单元用于:
获取电池的当前温度;
基于预设容量-温度表查找电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量。
在一种可能的实现方式中,电池SOC的估算装置100还包括容量-电压拟合公式获取模块,该获取模块用于:
获取预设OCV-SOC表;其中,所述预设OCV-SOC表包括所述预设温度下的多个开路电压-SOC值数据对;
获取电池在预设温度下的最大可用容量;
将所述多个开路电压-SOC值数据对中的所有SOC值分别与预设温度下的所述最大可用容量相乘,得到所述预设温度下的多个所述剩余可用容量;
基于预设温度下的所述多个开路电压-SOC值数据对中的所有开路电压和所述多个剩余可用容量,进行自变量为剩余可用容量,因变量为开路电压的多项式拟合,得到容量-电压拟合公式。
在一种可能的实现方式中,SOC目标值计算模块130具体用于:
将当前温度下的最大可用容量和当前时刻的开路电压输入容量-电压拟合公式,得到电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值。
在一种可能的实现方式中,SOC目标值计算模块130具体用于:
根据容量-电压拟合公式确定电池在多个开路电压下的剩余可用容量;
将各个剩余可用容量分别除以当前温度下的最大可用容量,得到当前温度下的SOC值;
基于当前温度下的SOC值和对应的开路电压确定当前温度下的OCV-SOC表;
在当前温度下对应的OCV-SOC表中查找当前时刻的开路电压对应的SOC值,并将该SOC值作为电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值。
从以上描述可知,估算装置100能够通过以下步骤获得当前温度下的SOC目标值:首先获取电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值;然后获取电池在当前时刻的开路电压和电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量;根据当前温度下的最大可用容量、当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到电池在当前时刻对应的SOC目标值;其中,容量-电压拟合公式为,在预设温度下,基于剩余可用容量和对应开路电压拟合得到的公式,剩余可用容量由所述预设温度下的最大可用容量和SOC值相乘得到;最后采用当前时刻的SOC目标值对电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值进行修正。通过上述步骤,估算装置100可以得到容量-电压拟合公式,并基于该公式得到不同温度(包括当前温度)下的开路电压对应的SOC目标值,从而提高电池的SOC修正准确性。
本申请还提供了一种计算机程序产品,其具有程序代码,该程序代码在相应的处理器、控制器、计算装置或电子设备中运行时执行上述任一个电池SOC的估算方法实施例中的步骤,例如图1所示的S101至S104。本领域技术人员应当理解,可以以硬件、软件、固件、专用处理器或其组合的各种形式来实现本申请实施例所提出的方法和对应的设备。专用处理器可以是专用集成电路(ASIC)、精简指令集计算机(RISC)和/或现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)。所提出的方法和设备优选地被实现为硬件和软件的组合。该软件优选地作为应用程序安装在程序存储设备上。其典型地是基于具有硬件的计算机平台的机器,例如一个或多个中央处理器(CPU)、随机存取存储器(RAM)和一个或多个输入/输出(I/O)接口。操作系统典型地也安装在所述计算机平台上。这里描述的各种过程和功能可以是应用程序的一部分,或者其一部分可以通过操作系统执行。
图5是本申请提供的电子设备的示意图。如图5所示,本申请提供的电子设备5包括:处理器50、存储器51以及存储在存储器51中并可在处理器50上运行的计算机程序52。处理器50执行计算机程序52时实现上述各个电池SOC的估算方法的实现方法中的步骤,例如图1所示的S101至S104。或者,处理器50执行计算机程序52时实现上述各装置实现方式中各模块/单元的功能,例如图4所示的模块110至140的功能。
示例性的,计算机程序52可以被分割成一个或多个模块/单元,这些模块/单元能够被存储在存储器51中,并由处理器50执行,以完成或实施本申请的各个实现方式所提供的方案。例如,计算机程序52可以被分割成图4所示的模块110至140。这些模块/单元可以是能够完成特定功能的一系列计算机程序指令段,这些指令段能够描述所述计算机程序52在电子设备5中的执行过程。
电子设备5可包括,但不仅限于,处理器50和存储器51。本领域技术人员可以理解,图5仅仅是电子设备5的示例,并不构成对电子设备5的限定。电子设备5可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件,或者组合某些部件,或者不同的部件。例如电子设备5还可以包括输入输出设备、网络接入设备、总线等。
处理器50可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit,CPU),还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器 (Digital Signal Processor,DSP)、专用集成电路 (Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列 (Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA) 或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。上述通用处理器可以是微处理器或者其它任何常规的处理器等。
存储器51可以是电子设备5的内部存储单元,例如电子设备5的硬盘或内存。存储器51也可以是电子设备5的外部存储设备,例如电子设备5上配备的插接式硬盘,智能存储卡(Smart Media Card,SMC),安全数字(Secure Digital,SD)卡,闪存卡(Flash Card)等。进一步地,存储器51还可以既包括电子设备5的内部存储单元也包括外部存储设备。存储器51用于存储计算机程序52以及电子设备5所需的其他程序和数据。存储器51还可以用于暂时地存储已经输出或者将要输出的数据。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为了描述的方便和简洁,仅以上述各功能单元、模块的划分进行举例说明。实际应用中,可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能单元、模块完成,即将所述装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能单元或模块,以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。实施方式中的各功能单元、模块可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。另外,各功能单元、模块的具体名称也只是为了便于相互区分,并不用于限制本申请的保护范围。上述装置中单元、模块的具体工作过程,可以参考前述方法实现方式中的对应过程,在此不再赘述。
本申请还提供了一种车辆,其包括上述的电子设备5。
在上述实现方式中,对各个实现方式的描述都各有侧重,某个实现方式中没有详述或记载的部分,可以参见其它实现方式的相关描述。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到,本申请公开的各个实现方式所描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤,能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行,取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。本领域普通技术人员可以针对每个特定的应用,使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能,但是这些实现方法不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本申请所提供的实现方式中,应该理解,所揭露的装置/电子设备和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的装置/电子设备实现方式仅仅是示意性的。例如,所述模块或单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式。例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通讯连接可以是通过一些接口,装置或单元的间接耦合或通讯连接,可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。
上述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元。即,上述部件和单元可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现各个实现方式的方案的目的。
所述集成的模块/单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本申请实现上述各个方法实现方式中的全部或部分流程,可以通过计算机程序控制相关的硬件来完成。所述的计算机程序可存储于一计算机可读存储介质中,该计算机程序在被处理器执行时,可实现上述各个电池SOC的估算方法实现方式的步骤。其中,所述计算机程序包括计算机程序代码,所述计算机程序代码可以为源代码形式、对象代码形式、可执行文件或某些中间形式等。所述计算机可读介质可以包括:能够携带所述计算机程序代码的任何实体或装置、记录介质、U盘、移动硬盘、磁碟、光盘、计算机存储器、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory,ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM)、电载波信号、电信信号以及软件分发介质等。需要说明的是,所述计算机可读介质包含的内容可以根据司法管辖区内立法和专利实践的要求进行适当的增减。例如在某些司法管辖区,根据立法和专利实践,计算机可读介质不包括电载波信号和电信信号。
此外,本申请附图中示出的实现方式或本说明书中提到的各种实现方式的特征不应理解为彼此独立的特征。而是,可以将一个实现方式中的其中一个示例中描述的每个特征与来自其他实现方式的一个或多个期望的特征组合,从而产生未用文字或参考附图描述的其他实现方式。
以上所述实现方式仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实现方式对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实现方式所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实现方式技术方案的精神和范围,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电池SOC的估算方法,其特征在于,包括:
    获取电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值;
    获取所述电池在当前时刻的开路电压和所述电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量;
    根据所述当前温度下的最大可用容量、所述当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到所述电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值;其中,所述容量-电压拟合公式为,在预设温度下,基于剩余可用容量和对应开路电压拟合得到的公式,所述剩余可用容量由所述预设温度下的最大可用容量和SOC值相乘得到;
    采用所述当前时刻的SOC目标值对所述电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值进行修正。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池SOC的估算方法,其特征在于,所述获取所述电池在当前时刻的开路电压,包括:
    获取所述电池在当前时刻的测量电压和测量电流;
    根据公式U ocv = U c + i· DCR,计算所述电池在当前时刻的开路电压;其中,U ocv 表示所述开路电压,U c 表示所述测量电压, i表示所述测量电流, DCR表示所述电池的直流内阻。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池SOC的估算方法,其特征在于,获取所述电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量,包括:
    获取所述电池的当前温度;
    基于预设容量-温度表查找所述电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池SOC的估算方法,其特征在于,所述在预设温度下,基于剩余可用容量和对应开路电压拟合得到容量-电压拟合公式的过程包括:
    获取预设OCV-SOC表;其中,所述预设OCV-SOC表包括所述预设温度下的多个开路电压-SOC值数据对;
    获取所述电池在所述预设温度下的最大可用容量;
    将所述多个开路电压-SOC值数据对中的所有SOC值分别与所述预设温度下的所述最大可用容量相乘,得到所述预设温度下的多个所述剩余可用容量;
    基于所述预设温度下的所述多个开路电压-SOC值数据对中的所有开路电压和所述多个剩余可用容量,进行自变量为剩余可用容量,因变量为开路电压的多项式拟合,得到所述容量-电压拟合公式。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电池SOC的估算方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述当前温度下的最大可用容量、所述当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到所述电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值,包括:
    将所述当前温度下的最大可用容量和所述当前时刻的开路电压输入所述容量-电压拟合公式,得到所述电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电池SOC的估算方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述当前温度下的最大可用容量、所述当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到所述电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值,包括:
    根据所述容量-电压拟合公式确定电池在多个开路电压下的剩余可用容量;
    将各个剩余可用容量分别除以所述当前温度下的最大可用容量,得到所述当前温度下的SOC值;
    基于当前温度下的SOC值和对应的开路电压确定当前温度下的OCV-SOC表;
    在所述当前温度下的OCV-SOC表中查找所述当前时刻的开路电压对应的SOC值,并将该SOC值作为所述电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电池SOC的估算方法,其特征在于,所述预设温度为25摄氏度。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电池SOC的估算方法,其特征在于,所述容量-电压拟合公式为:
    Figure dest_path_image001
    其中,Y表示开路电压,所述X表示所述电池在所述预设温度下的剩余可用容量,所述C temp表示所述电池在所述预设温度下的最大可用容量,K 0~K n表示拟合系数。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电池SOC的估算方法,其特征在于,当n=6时,所述拟合系数分别为:K 0 = 3.329,K 1 = 6.16e-05,K 2 = 7.498e-09,K 3 = -3.787e-12,K 4 = 5.106e-16,K 5 = -2.772e-20和K 6 = 5.334e-25。
  10. 一种电池SOC的估算装置,其特征在于,包括:
    SOC估算值获取模块,用于获取电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值;
    当前数据获取模块,用于获取所述电池在当前时刻的开路电压和所述电池在当前温度下的最大可用容量;
    SOC目标值计算模块,用于根据所述当前温度下的最大可用容量、所述当前时刻的开路电压和容量-电压拟合公式,得到所述电池在当前时刻的SOC目标值;其中,所述容量-电压拟合公式为,在预设温度下,基于剩余可用容量和对应开路电压拟合得到的公式,所述剩余可用容量由所述预设温度下的最大可用容量和SOC值相乘得到;
    SOC修正模块,用于采用所述当前时刻的SOC目标值对所述电池在当前时刻的SOC估算值进行修正。
  11. 一种电子设备,包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器中并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序,其特征在于,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如上的权利要求1至9中任一项所述电池SOC的估算方法的步骤。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电子设备,其特征在于,所述电子设备为车辆的电池管理系统的硬件部分。
  13. 一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上的权利要求1至9中任一项所述电池SOC的估算方法的步骤。
  14. 一种汽车,其特征在于,包括如权利要求11所述的电子设备。
PCT/CN2022/138943 2021-12-24 2022-12-14 电池soc的估算方法及相关装置 WO2023116524A1 (zh)

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