WO2023080978A1 - Systèmes de renforcement des épaules - Google Patents

Systèmes de renforcement des épaules Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023080978A1
WO2023080978A1 PCT/US2022/045755 US2022045755W WO2023080978A1 WO 2023080978 A1 WO2023080978 A1 WO 2023080978A1 US 2022045755 W US2022045755 W US 2022045755W WO 2023080978 A1 WO2023080978 A1 WO 2023080978A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coupled
shaft
joint
relative
hydraulic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2022/045755
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kole MICKOLIO
Kameron MICKOLIO
Rory MAUGHAN
Seth MEYER
Original Assignee
Titin Km Biomedical Corp.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/US2022/023150 external-priority patent/WO2022212904A1/fr
Application filed by Titin Km Biomedical Corp. filed Critical Titin Km Biomedical Corp.
Priority to KR1020247018539A priority Critical patent/KR20240091330A/ko
Priority to AU2022380406A priority patent/AU2022380406A1/en
Priority to CA3236926A priority patent/CA3236926A1/fr
Publication of WO2023080978A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023080978A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/008—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using hydraulic or pneumatic force-resisters
    • A63B21/0083—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using hydraulic or pneumatic force-resisters of the piston-cylinder type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/00058—Mechanical means for varying the resistance
    • A63B21/00069—Setting or adjusting the resistance level; Compensating for a preload prior to use, e.g. changing length of resistance or adjusting a valve
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/40—Interfaces with the user related to strength training; Details thereof
    • A63B21/4027—Specific exercise interfaces
    • A63B21/4033—Handles, pedals, bars or platforms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/40—Interfaces with the user related to strength training; Details thereof
    • A63B21/4027—Specific exercise interfaces
    • A63B21/4033—Handles, pedals, bars or platforms
    • A63B21/4035—Handles, pedals, bars or platforms for operation by hand
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
    • A63B21/40—Interfaces with the user related to strength training; Details thereof
    • A63B21/4041—Interfaces with the user related to strength training; Details thereof characterised by the movements of the interface
    • A63B21/4047—Pivoting movement
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B23/00—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body
    • A63B23/02—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body for the abdomen, the spinal column or the torso muscles related to shoulders (e.g. chest muscles)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0087—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of groups A63B21/00 - A63B23/00, e.g. controlling load
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B24/00—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of preceding groups; Controlling or monitoring of exercises, sportive games, training or athletic performances
    • A63B24/0087—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of groups A63B21/00 - A63B23/00, e.g. controlling load
    • A63B2024/0093—Electric or electronic controls for exercising apparatus of groups A63B21/00 - A63B23/00, e.g. controlling load the load of the exercise apparatus being controlled by performance parameters, e.g. distance or speed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/10—Positions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/10—Positions
    • A63B2220/13—Relative positions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/10—Positions
    • A63B2220/16—Angular positions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/80—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor
    • A63B2220/805—Optical or opto-electronic sensors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2220/00—Measuring of physical parameters relating to sporting activity
    • A63B2220/80—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor
    • A63B2220/83—Special sensors, transducers or devices therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
    • A63B2225/09—Adjustable dimensions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2225/00—Miscellaneous features of sport apparatus, devices or equipment
    • A63B2225/50—Wireless data transmission, e.g. by radio transmitters or telemetry

Definitions

  • the exercise apparatus can also include a first hydraulic member and a second hydraulic member, the first hydraulic member can be configured to restrict relative motion of the joint about a first axis and the second hydraulic member can be configured to restrict relative motion of the joint about a second axis.
  • the exercise apparatus can further include a shaft coupled to the joint and a wrist-ring structure coupled to the shaft. The shaft, the wrist-ring structure, and the joint can be configured to move together relative to the frame about the first and second axes.
  • an exercise apparatus can include a frame, a joint pivotably coupled to the frame, a resistance mechanism coupled to the joint, a shaft assembly coupled to the joint, and a wrist-ring structure coupled to the shaft assembly.
  • the shaft assembly can include a first member and a second member coaxially aligned with and slidably coupled to the first member.
  • the shaft assembly, the wrist-ring structure, and the joint can move together relative to the frame and the resistance mechanism can be configured to restrict movement of the joint relative to the frame.
  • an exercise apparatus can include a frame, a joint pivotably coupled to the frame, a resistance mechanism coupled to the joint, a shaft coupled to the joint, and a wrist-ring structure coupled to the shaft.
  • the wrist-ring structure can include a ring, a shuttle movably coupled to the ring, and a brace coupled to the shuttle.
  • the shuttle and brace can be configured to move along a circumference of the ring and about a first axis of the wrist-ring structure.
  • the shaft, the wrist-ring structure, and the joint can move together relative to the frame and the resistance mechanism can be configured to restrict movement of the joint relative to the frame.
  • an exercise apparatus can include a frame, a joint moveably coupled to the frame, a resistance mechanism coupled to the joint, a shaft coupled to the joint, and a wrist-ring structure coupled to the shaft.
  • the shaft and the wrist-ring structure, and the joint can move together relative to the frame about first, second, and third axes.
  • the resistance mechanism can be configured to restrict movement of the joint relative to the frame.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a shoulder strengthening system, according to one example.
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a front plan view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIGS. 1-2.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a resistance mechanism according to one example.
  • FIG. 5A is a perspective view of a resistance mechanism according to another example.
  • FIG. 5B is a half cross-sectional view of a hydraulic member of the resistance mechanism of FIG. 5 A.
  • FIG. 6B is an exploded view of a first member of the telescoping shaft of FIG. 6 A.
  • FIG. 7A is a perspective view of a wrist-ring structure of the shoulder strengthening system of FIGS. 1-3.
  • FIG. 7B is an exploded view of the wrist-ring structure of FIG. 7 A.
  • FIG. 8A is a top-down view of the shoulder strengthening system, according to a second configuration.
  • FIG. 8B is a side view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIG. 8 A.
  • FIG. 8C is a front plan view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIGS. 8A-8B.
  • FIG. 8D is a perspective view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIGS. 8A-8C.
  • FIG. 9A is a side view of a shoulder strengthening system according to another example.
  • FIG. 9B is another side view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIG. 9A.
  • FIG. 9C is a perspective view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIGS. 9A-9B.
  • FIG. 10B is a side view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIGS. 9A-10A.
  • FIG. 10C is another side view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIGS. 9A-10B.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIGS. 9A-10C.
  • FIG. 12A is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 12A.
  • FIG. 13A is another perspective view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIGS. 9A- 12B.
  • FIG. 13B is a magnified view of the resistance system of the shoulder strengthening system of FIG. 12B with a cover removed.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a shoulder strengthening system, according to one example.
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIG. 14 with a cover removed from a resistance system.
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIG. 14 showing additional details of the resistance system of FIG. 15.
  • FIG. 17 is another perspective view of the shoulder strengthening system of FIG. 14 showing additional details of the resistance system of FIG. 15.
  • FIG. 18 is a side view of a shaft of the shoulder strengthening system of FIG. 14.
  • FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a distal end portion of the shaft of FIG. 18.
  • FIG. 38 is a cross-sectional view of the shaft of FIG. 33 showing additional details of a proximal end of a middle member of the shaft.
  • the resistance mechanism 148 can be operable to apply a resistive force to the universal joint 156 to restrict the movement of the shaft 132 and wrist-ring structure 146 relative to the base 128 and chair structure 106 (e.g., the longitudinal axis A) as a user manipulates the shaft 132 and wrist-ring structure 146 along the range of motion provided by the joint 156.
  • the universal joint 156 can also include a second fork or yoke 170 coupled to the first member 150 of the shaft 132 and the first yoke 164 of the joint via a spider or cross 172.
  • the first yoke 164 and cross 172 form a first pivot axis Al
  • the second yoke 170 and the cross 172 form a second pivot axis A2 perpendicular to the first pivot axis Al.
  • the cross 172 can be constructed of one or more components and/or can be configured to prevent or allow the shaft 132 to extend therethrough (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 A, respectively).
  • the configuration of the universal joint 156 can allow the shaft 132 to move or pivot relative to the base 128 and about the longitudinal axis A (FIG. 2) in multiples directions and planes of motion.
  • the shaft 132 via its coupling to the universal joint 156, the shaft 132 is configured to freely move 360 degrees in both clockwise and counterclockwise directions about the longitudinal axis A (e.g., looking down or up the axis A).
  • the universal joint 156 also allows the shaft 132 and wrist-ring structure 146 to be positioned in alignment with and at various angles relative to the longitudinal axis A.
  • the shaft 132 can be aligned with and moved in any direction away from the longitudinal axis A such that the shaft 132 forms an angle relative to the longitudinal axis A (e.g., the slight angle the shaft 132 forms with longitudinal axis A in FIG. 2). In this way, the shaft 132 can move seamlessly between any number of positions within the range of movement permitted by the universal joint 156.
  • This configuration allows a user whose hand or wrist is secured to the wrist-ring structure 146 to move the shaft 132 along a relatively full range of arm and shoulder motion relative to the chair structure 106.
  • the second hydraulic member 158 can be coupled to the first yoke 164 on the opposite side of the resistance mechanism 148 shown in FIG. 4, such that the hydraulic members 158 lie within a common plane and form a 90-degree angle relative to one another.
  • Each hydraulic member 158 can include an axle (not shown) extending through a respective yoke and coupled to a corresponding point of the cross 172.
  • the axle or shaft of one hydraulic member 158 can extend through an opening of the first yoke 164 and into the cross 172
  • the axle or shaft of the second hydraulic member 158 can extend through an opening of the second yoke 170 and into the cross 172 (e.g., the hydraulic member 158 shown in FIG. 4).
  • one hydraulic member 158 lies along the first pivot axis Al formed by the first yoke 164 and cross 172
  • the second hydraulic member 158 lies along the second pivot axis A2 formed by the second yoke 170 and cross 172.
  • Each hydraulic member 158 via hydraulic pressure, can be configured to restrict the relative rotation between its respective axle and housing 174 such that movement of the universal joint 156 about the first and second pivot axes Al, A2 can be restricted as the housing 174 resists movement of its corresponding yoke. Consequently, a resistive force can be applied to the shaft 132 in such a way that the multidirectional movement of the shaft 132 can be restricted, but the shaft 132 remains operable to move about the full range of motion provided by the universal joint 156.
  • the shaft 132 can be manipulated along the full range of motion of the universal joint 156, but the ease or difficulty to which the shaft 132 is able to move can be modified via the force applied by the hydraulic members 158.
  • rotational movement of the universal joint 156 about the first and/or second pivot axes Al, A2 drives the hydraulic members 158, moving fluid through the hoses coupled to the members and variable flow valves 160to generate the resistance.
  • the resistive force or the degree to which the movement of the universal joint 156 and thereby movement of the shaft 132 is restricted, can be proportional to the hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic members 158.
  • This hydraulic pressure can be regulated via hydraulic fluid delivered to the hydraulic members 158 by the flow valves 160, to increase and decrease the flow of hydraulic fluid and therefore, the degree of resistance applied to the movement of the shaft 132 and wrist-ring structure 146.
  • each hydraulic member 158 can be coupled to a respective variable flow valve 160 by way of a hose 176.
  • Each flow valve 160 can be linked via gearing to an adjustment knob 178.
  • the knob 178 can, for instance, control both flow valves 160 at the same time to ensure the flow of hydraulic fluid to each member 158 is the same. Having the same flow rate of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic members 158 can, for example, ensure the resistance applied to the universal joint 156 at the first and second pivot axes is equal (or substantially equal) and thereby, can restrict movement of the shaft 132 uniformly or substantially uniformly across the range of motion provided by the joint 156.
  • the knob 178 can be accessible external to the base 128 and therefore, can be easily adjusted.
  • the processor board 182 can be in communication with each transducer 180 and rotational position sensor 162.
  • the processor board 182 can also be in wireless communication, for example, with an optical processor board 184 (FIG. 6B) on the shaft 132 to receive and record the telescoping motion and resistance load.
  • the processor board 182 can also be in wireless communication with one or more local or network processing environments (e.g., personal computer(s), mobile device(s), handheld device(s), etc.), web-based applications, and/or cloud computing environments, such that the data from the measurements from the transducers 180, rotational sensors 162, and/or data from the optical processor board 184 can be viewed in real time and/or post measurement.
  • the flow of the hydraulic fluid can also be adjusted via a web-based application and/or a processing and/or computing environments.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate a universal joint 236 and resistance mechanism 238 according to another example.
  • the universal joint 236 and resistance mechanism 238 can be structurally and functionally similar to the universal joint 156 and resistance mechanism 148 described herein.
  • the universal joint 236 can include a first yoke 240 (or bracket) and a second yoke 242 coupled to the first yoke 240 via a central member 244, which operates similarly to the spider or cross 172.
  • the first yoke 240 and the central member 244 form a first pivot axis Al’
  • the second yoke 242 and the central member 244 form a second pivot axis A2’ perpendicular to the first pivot axis Al’.
  • the first member 150 of the shaft 132 can be coupled to the second yoke 242 via a cross member 262 of the yoke and extend through the opening formed by the central member 244.
  • the opening of the central member 244 can be sized and shaped, for instance, to accommodate movement of the shaft 132 within the space of the opening when the shaft 132 and second yoke 242 are manipulated and moved about the second pivot axis A2’.
  • the resistance mechanism 238 can also include all and/or any combination of components of the resistance mechanism 148, including one or more rotational position sensors 162, flow valves 160, pressure transducers 180, hoses 176, knobs 178, and processor boards 182.
  • the hydraulic members 158 of the resistance mechanism 148 are generally described as being configured as a hydraulic radial cylinders or actuators, while the hydraulic members 246 of the resistance mechanism 238 are configured as hydraulic gear assemblies.
  • each hydraulic member 246 can include a housing 248, a shaft or axle 250, a pinion gear 252 coaxially aligned with and coupled to the axle 250, and a pair of cylinders 254.
  • the teeth of the pinion gear 252 which mate with corresponding teeth of the cylinders 254 (or gear rack thereof) drive the cylinders 254 back and forth and in opposite directions of one another as the axle 250 and pinion gear 252 rotate clockwise and counterclockwise relative to the housing 248.
  • the disclosed universal joints 156, 236 and resistance mechanisms 148, 238 are described as being configured and/or arranged in a specified manner, it should be understood that a variety of other configurations and arrangements can be used to achieve the same or similar functionality as described herein.
  • the joints for instance, need not be a universal joint, but can be any joint, such as a ball-and-socket joint or other joint, that can provide the same or similar range of motion of the disclosed universal joint 156 and universal joint 236.
  • the hydraulic members 158, 246 need not be the hydraulic cylinders or the hydraulic gear assemblies described herein but can be any hydraulic member and/or system configured to restrict movement of the joint and/or shaft.
  • the hydraulic members 246 can be configured to include a single cylinder, rather than a pair of cylinders, such that the hydraulic members 246 can be oriented and/or one or more components of the belt and sprocket assembly removed, while still providing the desired resistance to joint movement.
  • one or more linear cylinders and/or pistons can be used in conjunction with or in place of the hydraulic members.
  • one or more additional mechanical and/or electrical components can be included to restrict the movement of the joint and/or shaft.
  • the shaft 132 can include the first member 150, the second member 152, an adjustment ring 186, a plurality of leaf spring fingers 188, and an optical sensor 190.
  • the second member 152 can be slidably coupled to the first member 150.
  • the second member 152 has a diameter that is less than a diameter of the first member 150 such that the second member 152 can be configured to readily slide in and out of the first member 150. In this way, the shaft 132 can be said to be a telescoping shaft.
  • the second member 152 can be coupled to the first member 150 by way of the adjustment ring 186 and the plurality of leaf spring fingers 188 (FIG. 6B). As illustrated in FIG. 6B, the leaf spring fingers 188 can extend axially from and be circumferentially spaced from one another along the upper end of the first member 150. Each of the leaf spring fingers 188 can be angled inwardly in such a way as to contact and apply to the outer surface of the second member 152 a variable mechanical load, such as a frictional force, as the adjustment ring 186, that holds captive the slip ring 194, is adjusted. For instance, the adjustment ring 186 can be coaxially aligned with and extend over the second member 152 and leaf spring fingers 188.
  • the relative axial motion of the adjustment ring 186 can drive a slip ring 194 down the leaf spring fingers 188 (e.g., toward the threads 192), causing the angled spring fingers 188 to move inwardly to contact and apply a frictional force to the second member 152.
  • the relative frictional force applied to the second member 152 can be proportional to the axial travel of the adjustment ring 186.
  • the combination of the adjustment ring 186 and leaf spring fingers 188 can be configured to apply a variable frictional force to the second member 152 as the second member 152 slides in and out of the first member 150 such that the combination provides smooth and adjustable resistance to the telescoping motion of the shaft 132.
  • a user seated at the shoulder strengthening system 100 is able, for example, to engage in exercises such as raises, presses, and overhead extensions because of this telescoping motion, the applied resistance of which can be adjusted via the adjustment ring 186.
  • the adjustment ring 186 can be configured to travel the extent of the external threads 192 and couple to a lower fixed attachment ring 196 of the first member 150. In this configuration, the adjustment ring 186 can be configured to fix the position of the second member 152 relative to the first member 150 in such a way the second member 152 is stopped and prevented from sliding in and out of the first member 150. This can be useful in instances where the telescoping motion for an exercise or series of exercises, is undesired, and/or a fixed positioning of the user’s arm is desired.
  • first member 150 is described as being coupled to the universal joint 156 and the second member 152 described as being coupled to the wrist-ring structure 146, it should be appreciated that this arrangement of the first and second members 150, 152 of the shaft 132 can be reversed.
  • first member 150 can be coupled to the wrist-ring structure 146 and the second member 152 coupled to the universal joint 156.
  • the shaft 132 maintains the same telescoping and resistance functionality as described herein.
  • the second member 152 can be referred to as an inner, first member, and the first member 150 referred to as an outer, second member.
  • the optical processor board 184 can be in wireless communication with the processor board 182 (FIG. 4) of the resistance mechanism 148. In this manner, the optical processor board 184 can be configured to capture and transmit the data corresponding to the telescoping position and/or deflection measurements to the processor board 182. Accordingly, this data can be communicated via the processor board 182 to one or more webbased applications, computer processing environments, cloud computing environments, or a combination thereof. In some examples, however, the optical processor board 184 can communicate directly with one or more of those channels immediately described above (e.g. via wireless communication, such as Bluetooth).
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B depict the wrist-ring structure 146 coupled to the upper end of the second member 152 of the shaft 132.
  • the wrist-ring structure 146 can include a ring 202, a shuttle 204 movably coupled to the ring 202, and a brace 206 coupled to the shuttle 204.
  • the brace 206 can be configured to support and secure the hand and wrist of an individual user of the shoulder strengthening system 100.
  • the brace 206 can include a rearward portion 210 configured to securely support the wrist and forearm of the user, and a frontward, curved portion 212 configured to securely support the palm and fingers.
  • the curved portion 212 in this case, causes the palm and fingers to arc toward the forward end of the brace 206.
  • This configuration of the frontward portion 212 which curls the palm and fingers of the user’s hand can provide significant benefits, such as by ensuring the user’s movement is primarily isolated to shoulder movement, rather than other parts of the arm.
  • the flexor muscles of the hands and forearms flex the digits of the hand with greater force than the extensors, thus by allowing the hand to remain as ergonomically natural as possible, muscle tension and the forces across unwanted joints, such as in the wrist and elbow, decrease and allow further isolation of the shoulder joint.
  • the brace 206 can also include one or more fastening mechanisms 214, such as a strap or an elastic component to securely retain and restrict the movement of the user’s arm, wrist, and hand relative to the brace 206.
  • the fastening mechanisms 214 in this configuration can prevent the hand from moving in an upward direction, such as when the hand wants to draw or lift away from the surface of the brace 206. This also ensures user movement is directed primarily to isolated shoulder movement, as opposed to relying too heavily on hand movement to manipulate the positioning of the shaft 132 and thereby detracting from the intended dynamic 360-degree shoulder movement.
  • the rearward portion 210 and/or the curved portion 212 can also be molded or formed to receive and better retain the corresponding anatomy. This, among other things, allows the brace 206 to be suited for general support and comfort. Although described as a brace to support and secure the wrist and hand of the user, it should be appreciated the brace 206 can be configured in a variety of ways. For example, in addition to or in lieu of the brace 206, a brace can be constructed to securely support the upper forearm, the upper arm, and/or the elbow joint. As an example, and as will be described in reference to FIGS. 8A-8D, a brace 234 can be configured to secure the upper arm while the shoulder strengthening system 100 is oriented in such a way as to target portions of the shoulder not generally targeted by conventional equipment.
  • the brace 206 can be coupled to the shuttle 204 movably coupled to the ring 202.
  • the shuttle 204 can include a jaw structure 216 configured to receive and engage with the edges of the ring 202.
  • the inner surface of the jaw structure 216 can include one or rollers (not shown) to engage the surface of the ring 202 such that the shuttle is operable to move along the path formed by the edges of the ring 202 in a smooth continuous motion. In this manner, the shuttle 204 and the brace 206 can be free to move clockwise and counterclockwise along the circumference of the ring 202.
  • the brace 206 and shuttle 204 can be configured to rotate, as indicated by arrow 207, about a longitudinal axis of the ring 202 extending through the center of the ring 202 and perpendicular to the plane of the ring 202. In this way, the shuttle 204 and brace 206 can be said to move or rotate about a first axis of the wrist-ring structure 146.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B show the shuttle 204 can also include a control lever 218, which can control the movement of the shuttle 204 about the ring 202.
  • the control lever 218, for instance, can be configured to both fix the positioning of the shuttle 204 relative to the ring 202 and to enable the shuttle 204 to move freely about the circumference of the ring 202.
  • the control lever 218 when the control lever 218 is in an upward, first position (FIGS. 7A-7B), the shuttle 204 and thereby the brace 206 can be in a fixed position relative to the ring 202. In this way, the shuttle 204 and brace 206 can be positioned and fixed at any point along the circumference of the ring 202.
  • the shuttle 204 and brace 206 can be in a “free rotation” state, meaning the shuttle and brace are free to rotate about the first axis of the wring structure 146 and circumference of the ring 202.
  • the control lever 218 can also be configured to toggle between the first position and a third position such that the shuttle 204 can be quickly switched between a fixed state and a free rotation state. Specifically, the control lever 218 can be pulled upward from the first position and into the third position (e.g., toward the brace 206), to switch the shuttle 204 from a fixed state to a momentarily free rotation state until the control level 218 is returned to the first position. In this case, the control lever 218 can be spring loaded to automatically return the control lever 218 to the first position from the third position.
  • the control lever 218 configured to toggle in this way can, for example, allow an individual user whose hand and wrist are secured to the brace 206 to switch between the fixed state and free rotation state by pulling up on the control lever 218 with one or more fingers extending past the frontward end of the brace 206.
  • the shuttle 204 and brace 206 are also configured to pivot backward and forward relative to bracket 220 as the ring 202 pivots about the axis extending through the openings 222. In this way, the ring 202, shuttle 204, and brace 206 can all be said to move or pivot about a second axis of the wrist-ring structure 146.
  • the ring 202 and U-shaped bracket 220 can be coupled to the upper end of the second member 152 via a release mechanism 224.
  • the bracket 220 for example, can be coupled (e.g., bolted) to an attachment block 223.
  • a spring lever 227 of the release mechanism 224 can then be configured to seize and hold firmly the attachment block 223 whereby the bracket 220 is securely coupled to the release mechanism 224 in a way that is free of shaking or rattling.
  • the release mechanism 224 can be coupled to the upper end of the second member 152 by way of a bolt and a T-bushing such that the release mechanism 224, bracket 220, and ring 202 are able to rotate clockwise and counterclockwise about a longitudinal axis of the second member 152, bracket 220, and release mechanism 224.
  • the wrist-ring structure 146 and each component thereof, including the brace 206 and shuttle 204 can be said to move or rotate about a third axis of the wrist-ring structure 146, as indicated by arrows 225.
  • the movement of the wristring structure 146 about the first, second, and third axes Al, A2, A3 can provide ample movement relative to the shaft 132 so that the user can freely move their hand, wrist, and arm as the user acts to manipulate the shaft 132 in various directions.
  • the shafts described herein need not include the wrist-ring structure, but can be coupled to a member or structure which is stationary relative to the shaft.
  • the shoulder strengthening system 100 can also include a support 104 rotatably coupled to the front post 110 of the frame 108.
  • the support 104 can include a padded structure 226 coupled to its upper most end.
  • the support 104 and the padded structure 226 can be configured to bear the weight of and/or limit rearward motion of the arm of an individual user during use of the shoulder strengthening system 100.
  • the padded structure 226, for instance, can abut and support the posterior of the arm to limit rearward motion of the individual user’s arm when avoidance of such rearward movement is desired. In this way. the padded structure 226 can immobilize the upper-extremity joint motion around the elbow which directs and isolates the acting forces toward the shoulder.
  • the padded structure 226 can also brace the elbow and forearm of the user.
  • the user can move or pivot their hand, wrist, and forearm relative to the padded structure 226 as the user manipulates the positioning of the shaft 132.
  • the padded structure 226 can be moveably coupled to the support 104 such that the padded structure 226 can be positioned at a variety of angles and orientations relative to the upper end of the support 104.
  • the padded structure 226 can be tilted toward the chair structure 106 or the shaft 132.
  • a biasing member such as a spring or like mechanism, can bias the second member 230 such that the second member 230 extends automatically upward without external influence while the said lever is in a first position. While the handle is in this first position, the user can also press downward against the upward movement of the second member 230, such as with their elbow, to place the second member 230 and padded structure 226 in a desired position. Once in a desired position, the handle can be moved to a second position to fix the position of the second member 230 relative to the first member 232.
  • the shaft 228 can be structurally and functionally similar to the shaft 132, such as by including an adjustment ring and a plurality of leaf spring fingers.
  • FIGS. 1-3 show the resistance system 102 and support 104 of the shoulder strengthening system 100 in a particular configuration, e.g., generally to the right of the chair structure 106, it should be appreciated the resistance system 102 and support 104 can be positioned in a variety of configurations. For instance, the resistance system 102 and support 104 can be positioned to accommodate both the left and right sides of the body and to target specific anatomy of the shoulder.
  • FIGS. 9A-13B depict a shoulder strengthening system 300 according to another example.
  • the shoulder strengthening system 300 can include a resistance system 302, a frame 304, and a platform 306 movably coupled to the frame 304.
  • the frame 304 can include a base 308 and an adjustment mechanism 310 coupled to the resistance system 302 and the base 308.
  • the platform 306 can be pivotably coupled (e.g., hinged) to the base 308 such that the platform 306 can be moved between a stowable state (FIGS. 9A-9C) and an operational state (FIGS. 10A-13B).
  • the platform 306 can be positioned in a “vertical” or longitudinal orientation such that the shoulder strengthening system 300 has a relatively low profile and decreased footprint for stowing or packing the system 300.
  • the shoulder strengthening system 300 can, for example, be packed and stowed in a corresponding case for storage or transport when in the stowable state.
  • the total depth of the shoulder strengthening system 300 while in the stowable state can also be relatively equal or nearly equal to the depth of the base 308 and/or the other components described herein (e.g., FIG. 9B).
  • the platform 306 and/or base 308 can include one or more wheels 312 and/or handles 314 such that the shoulder strengthening system 300 can be readily moved from one location to another.
  • a locking assembly 316 of the base 308 and/or platform 306 can be included and used to lock in and move the platform 306 between the stowable and operational states.
  • the platform 306 when in the operational state, can be positioned in a “horizontal” orientation, i.e., parallel to the ground surface, to provide users a place to stand and position themselves while interacting with the resistance system 302.
  • the weight of the user atop the platform 306 can be suitable to provide stability and anchor the shoulder strengthening system 300 to the ground surface while the user is interacting with the resistance system 302.
  • the overall weight of the shoulder strengthening system 300 can be reduced, such as to optimize the weight of the system for stowing and packing, while taking advantage of users’ weight to anchor the strengthening system 300 to the ground surface.
  • the weight of the platform 306 and/or surface area of the platform 306 in contact with the ground can itself be suitable to stabilize and anchor the shoulder strengthening system 300.
  • Other components such as ties, fasteners, or weights can also be included and used to secure the strengthening system 300 to the ground surface.
  • the platform 306 need not be coupled to the frame or movable.
  • the platform 306 can be secured to the ground surface separately of the base 308 and/or immovably coupled to the base 308 during setup of the strengthening system 300.
  • the platform 306 need not be included and the base 308 can be secured to the local ground surface and/or be sized and weighted to stabilize and anchor the shoulder strengthening system 300.
  • the adjustment mechanism 310 can include a first adjustment member 318 and a second adjustment member 320 movably coupled to the first adjustment member 318.
  • the first adjustment member 318 can be coupled to the base 308 such that the combination of the first adjustment member 318, second adjustment member 320, and base 308 form the principal support for the shoulder strengthening system 300.
  • the first adjustment member 318 can have a hollow body configured to receive the second adjustment member 320.
  • the second adjustment member 320 can be coaxially aligned with and slidably coupled to the first adjustment member 318 such that the second adjustment member 320 and resistance system 302 can move axially relative to the first adjustment member 318 and base 308.
  • the second adjustment member 320 can move axially in and out of the hollowed body of the first adjustment member 318.
  • the height or vertical positioning of the resistance system 302 relative to the base 308 and platform 306 can be adjusted by moving the second adjustment member 320 and resistance system 302 in an axial “upward” direction away from the base 308 and in an axial “downward” direction toward the base 308.
  • lever 322 e.g., a cam handle or lever
  • the lever 322 when positioned in a first position, the lever 322 is configured to fix the position of the second adjustment member 320 relative to the first adjustment member 318.
  • the lever 322 When positioned in a second position, the lever 322 is configured to release the second adjustment member 320 such that the second adjustment member 320 moves axially relative to the first adjustment member 318 and base 308.
  • An axially extending gap 324 within and along the sidewalls of the first adjustment member 318 can allow the resistance system 302 and components thereof to move with the second adjustment member 320 as the second adjustment member 320 moves toward the base 308 and below an upper most edge of the first adjustment member 318.
  • components of the resistance system 302 coupled to the second adjustment member 320 e.g., movable joint 328 and resistance mechanism 332 can extend outwardly and between the gap 324 without contacting the first adjustment member 318 as the second adjustment member 320 moves axially toward the base 308.
  • the resistance system 302 can include a shaft 326 coupled to the frame 304 via a movable joint 328 (FIGS. 13A-13B), a wrist-ring structure 330 coupled to the shaft 326, and a resistance mechanism 332 (FIGS. 13A-13B) configured to restrict movement of the shaft 326 and wrist-ring structure 330 relative to the frame 304 of the system.
  • a movable joint 328 FIGS. 13A-13B
  • a wrist-ring structure 330 coupled to the shaft 326
  • a resistance mechanism 332 shown in FIGS. 9A-12B
  • one or more covers 334 can be situated as to conceal and enclose the movable joint 328 and resistance mechanism 332.
  • FIG. 13B shows a magnified view of the movable joint 328 and resistance mechanism 332 of the resistance system 302 with the cover 334 removed.
  • the movable joint 328 and resistance mechanism 332 can provide the same or similar functionality as the universal joint 156 and resistance mechanism 148 (FIG. 4) and the universal joint 236 resistance mechanism 238 (FIGS. 5A-5B) described herein.
  • the movable joint 328 and resistance mechanism 332 of the resistance system 302 are configured to provide the same range of multidirectional movement and resistance to that multidirectional movement as those joints and resistance mechanisms already described.
  • the movable joint 328 includes a first support or bracket 336 coupled to the second adjustment member 320 of the adjustment mechanism 310, and a second support or bracket 338 movably coupled to the first bracket 336 and the shaft 326.
  • the second bracket 338 can, for example, be a cantilevered bracket rotatably coupled to the first bracket 336.
  • the portion of the second bracket 338 coupled to the first bracket 336 can form a first axle or gear shaft 340 and a first pivot axis Al of the movable joint 328.
  • the shaft 326 can be rotatably coupled to the second bracket 338 via a second axle or gear shaft 342 forming a second pivot axis A2 by which the shaft 326 pivots relative to the second bracket 338.
  • This movement of the movable joint 328 about the first and second pivot axes Al, A2 is generally indicated by arrows 344 (e.g., about the first pivot axis and first gear shaft 340) and arrows 346 (e.g., about the second pivot axis and second gear shaft 342), respectively, in FIG. 13B.
  • the movement of the movable joint 328 can be measured via one or more rotational position sensors 356 (e.g., rotational sensors 162), such as digital and/or analog rotary encoders.
  • a pinion gear of the rack and pinion assembly 354b of the hydraulic member 348 coupled to the second bracket 338 can be coupled to and coaxially aligned with the second gear shaft 342 coupling the shaft 326 to the second bracket 338.
  • a gear rack 352 of each rack and pinion assembly 354 can also be coupled to and coaxially aligned with a respective cylinder in such a way that the teeth of each gear rack 352 mates with the teeth of a respective pinion gear.
  • the ability of the first and second gear shafts 340, 342 and rack and pinon assemblies 354 to drive the cylinders can be restricted, thereby restricting relative rotation between the second bracket 338 and the first bracket 336 and between the shaft 326 and the second bracket 338.
  • the movement of the movable joint 328 about the first and second pivot axes Al, A2 can be restricted, and a resistive force is applied to the shaft 326 in such a way that the multidirectional movement of the shaft is restricted, but the shaft 326 remains operable to move about the full range of motion provided by the movable joint 328.
  • the shaft 326 can be manipulated along the full range of motion of the movable joint 328, but the ease or difficulty to which the shaft 326 is able to move can be modified via the restriction applied by the hydraulic members 246. Accordingly, the resistive force, or the degree to which the movement of the movable joint 328 and thereby the shaft 326 is restricted can be proportional to the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic members 348. This hydraulic pressure can be regulated, for instance, via the hydraulic fluid delivered to the hydraulic members 348 by a knob 358 and flow valves (e.g., the flow valves 160), as described herein.
  • the resistance mechanism 332 can also include all and/or any combination of components of the resistance mechanism 148 and resistance mechanism 238, including one or more flow valves, pressure transducers, hoses, and processor boards, which are generally indicated at 360.
  • One or more of the listed components can, for example, be positioned and/or mounted within the first adjustment member 318 or second adjustment member 320, and/or be coupled to the movable joint 328 or resistance mechanism 332.
  • Any processor board included in the shoulder strengthening system 300 can also be in wireless communication with one or more local or network processing environments (e.g., personal computer(s), mobile device(s), handheld device(s), etc.), web-based applications, and/or cloud computing environments, such that the data from the measurements from the transducers, rotational sensors, and/or data from a processor board can be viewed in real time and/or post measurement.
  • the flow of the hydraulic fluid can also be adjusted via a web-based application and/or a processor and/or computing environment.
  • One advantage of the shoulder strengthening system 300 is that the entirety of the resistance system 302 can also be angled relative to the adjustment mechanism 310. As shown in FIG.
  • the first bracket 336 can be pivotably coupled to the second adjustment member 320 of the adjustment mechanism 310 such that the resistance system 302 can be positioned relative to the adjustment mechanism 310 at various angles.
  • the first bracket 336 can be hinged to the second adjustment member 320 and configured to disengage and engage one of a plurality of openings 362 along the upper portion of the second adjustment member 320.
  • the openings 362 can allow for incremental angle adjustments of the movable joint 328 and resistance mechanism 332 relative to the adjustment mechanism 310.
  • the movable joint 328 and resistance mechanism 332 of the resistance system 302 can be tilted at a downward slope toward the platform 306 and base 308 from the position of the joint 328 and mechanism 332 depicted in FIGS.
  • the resistance system 302 can be angled relative the adjustment mechanism 310 such that the movable joint 328 and resistance mechanism 332 can form an angle relative to the adjustment mechanism 310 ranging from approximately 90 degrees (e.g., FIGS. 9A-13B) to approximately 60 degrees when at a downward slope.
  • the configuration of the second adjustment member 320 and first bracket 336 can be in such a way that the movable joint 328 and resistance mechanism 332 can be adjusted to form an angle less than 60 degrees relative to the adjustment mechanism 310 and/or greater than 90 degrees relative to the adjustment mechanism 310, such as to tilt the resistance system 302 at an upward slope.
  • the shaft 326, movable joint 328, and resistance mechanism 332 can be said to pivot relative to the frame 304 about a third pivot axis A3 of the resistance system 302.
  • the third pivot axis A3 being formed by the hinge or other suitable connection between the first bracket 336 and the second adjustment member 320 which permits the first bracket 336 to pivot relative to the second adjustment member 320 and adjustment mechanism 310.
  • This third pivot axis A3 can also be used to position the resistance system 302 at a sloped, downward angle suitable for particular arm and shoulder movements.
  • the movable joint 328 can be tilted at a downward slope such that the shaft 326 and wrist-ring structure 330 can be positioned and maneuvered as to allow a user to replicate particular body movements.
  • a user for instance, can position themselves in a standing position on the platform 306, with their back and/or side directed toward the adjustment mechanism 310. In this position, the user can secure their hand and/or wrist within the wrist-ring structure 330 and engage in overhand, sidearm, and/or underhand pitching motions.
  • This configuration is desirable, for example, for diagnosing the extent of a pitcher’s shoulder injury and/or monitoring the health of the pitcher’s shoulder through movement which reproduces a natural pitching motion.
  • the same or similar orientations of the resistance system 302 can be used for other athletic and/or occupational movements.
  • a lever 366 coupled to the first bracket 336 and/or second adjustment member 320 can be configured to engage and disengage one or more pins (and/or other fasteners) with the openings 362 and/or another portion of the second adjustment member 320.
  • the openings 362 need not be a plurality of openings but can be a single curved opening which tracks the possible motion of the first bracket 336 about the third axis A3.
  • the shaft 326 and wrist-ring structure 330 shown in FIGS. 9A-13B can be structurally and functionally similar to the shaft 132 and wrist-ring structure 146 described herein (FIGS. 1-8D).
  • the shaft 326 can include an outer, first member 368 and an inner, second member 370 slidably coupled to the first member 368, as generally indicated by arrows 374 (FIGS. 10B and 13 A).
  • the first member 368 can be coupled to the movable joint 328 (FIGS. 13A-13B) and the upper end of the second member 370 coupled to the wrist-ring structure 330.
  • the shaft 326 can include a third member moveably coupled to and situated between the first member 368 and second member 370.
  • the shaft 326 can also include a bi-directional spring and/or cables to provide smooth and adjustable resistance to the telescoping motion of the shaft 326, such as in lieu or in addition to the adjustable resistance provided by an adjustment ring (e.g., adjustment ring 186).
  • an adjustment ring e.g., adjustment ring 186
  • the wrist-ring structure 330 can be structurally and functionally similar as wrist-ring structure 146 described herein, such that the wrist-ring structure 330 can also be configured to brace the wrist and thereby the arm and hand of a user, permitting the wrist to rotate and pivot about multiple axes (e.g., FIGS. 7A-7B).
  • the wrist-ring structure 330 can also be configured to restrict or limit certain wrist movement, such as when wrist or arm movement is undesirable for a given exercise.
  • the shaft 326 and wrist-ring structure 330, as described, are also capable of multidirectional movement relative to the adjustment mechanism 310, base 308, and platform 306 via operation of the movable joint 328.
  • the resistance systems described herein can include hydraulic mechanisms to provide resistance, it should be appreciated that the materials making up the individual components of the resistance systems can also provide adequate resistance without a resistive force applied by the hydraulic mechanisms.
  • the weight and rigidity of the components of the resistance system 102 and resistance system 302 can provide ample resistance, particularly to those users just beginning rehabilitation.
  • one or more of the components of the resistance systems can be constructed of relatively light weight materials so as to ensure the components are able to be manipulated by a user whose shoulder is in a weakened state and vulnerable to reinjury.
  • the members of shaft 132 and shaft 326 can be made of a lightweight, anodized aluminum which provides little weight to the resistance system.
  • data associated with the position sensor 580 e.g., data corresponding to the telescoping position of the shaft 500, etc.
  • the motor 538, the force sensor 533 e.g., data corresponding to the resistance applied to and/or experienced by the belt 528, etc.
  • other components of the shaft 500 can be transmitted to the processor board and/or computer interface 439 (e.g., via a wired connection, via wireless communication, such as Bluetooth, etc.).
  • the disclosed shoulder strengthening system 400 is described as having one or more transducers, sensors, or gauges, it should be appreciated the system need not include these features to function but is enhanced by the added functionality and benefits they provide. Moreover, though quantities of individual components described herein are specified with particularity, it should be understood one or more components may be added or removed while still allowing the shoulder strengthening system to fully function in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • the resistance mechanism 448 can be operable to apply a resistive force to the joint assembly 442 and/or to the telescoping system 520 to restrict the movement of the shaft assembly 444 (e.g., the shaft 500 and wrist-ring structure 600) relative to the frame 408 and chair structure 406 as a user manipulates the shaft assembly 444 along the range of motion provided by the joint assembly 442.
  • the wrist-ring structure 600 can include a ring 602, a shuttle 604 movably coupled to the ring 602, and a brace 606 coupled to the shuttle 604. As shown in FIGS. 26A-26B, the brace 606 can be configured to support and secure the hand and wrist of an individual user of the shoulder strengthening system 400.
  • the brace 606 can be coupled to the shuttle 604 and the shuttle 604 can be movably coupled to the ring 602.
  • the shuttle 604 is shown alone in FIGS. 27-29.
  • the shuttle 604 can include a ring frame 628 and a plurality of extensions (e.g., a base extension 630 and one or more supporting extensions 632) extending axially from the ring frame 628.
  • the frame 615 is coupled to the base extension 630.
  • Each of the extensions 630, 632 can include one or more rollers 634 to engage the surface of the ring 602.
  • the supporting extensions 632 include three rollers 634.
  • the base extension 630 can include two rollers 634 configured to receive and engage with the edges of the ring 602. A different number of rollers 634 and/or supporting extensions 632 can be included in other examples.
  • the ring 602 can be coupled to a pair of upwardly extending arms of a bracket 620 (e.g., a U-shaped bracket).
  • the ring 602 can be coupled to the bracket 620 via the openings 622 of the arms.
  • Each opening 622 of the bracket 620 can, for example, include a bushing such that the ring 602 is configured to pivot relative to the bracket 620 in a fore-and-aft motion about an axis 609 extending through the openings 622. This fore-and-aft motion is indicated by directional arrows D7 (FIG. 26 A).
  • the shuttle 604 and brace 606 are also configured to pivot backward and forward relative to bracket 620 as the ring 602 pivots about the axis extending through the openings 622.
  • the ring 602, shuttle 604, and brace 606 can all be said to move or pivot about a second axis of the wrist-ring structure 600.
  • the wrist-ring structure 600 can be coupled to the upper end of the third member 508 via the locking lever 582 (FIG. 26B).
  • the bracket 620 can be positioned within an opening of the third member 508 and the locking lever 582 can be configured to releasably couple the bracket 620 within the opening of the third member 508 (e.g., by transitioning the locking lever 582 between a locked position and an unlocked position).
  • the bracket 620 (and therefore the wrist-ring structure 600) can translate axially relative to the axis 503 of the shaft 500 as well as rotate about the axis 503.
  • the platform 806 can be positioned in a “vertical” or longitudinal orientation such that the shoulder strengthening system 800 has a relatively low profile and decreased footprint for stowing or packing the system 800.
  • the shoulder strengthening system 800 can, for example, be packed and stowed in the case 808 for storage or transport when in the stowable state.
  • the total depth of the shoulder strengthening system 800 while in the stowable state can also be relatively equal or nearly equal to the depth of the frame 804 and/or the other components described herein.
  • the platform 806, the frame 804, and/or the case 808 can include one or more wheels and/or handles such that the shoulder strengthening system 800 can be readily moved from one location to another.
  • a locking assembly can be included and used to lock in and move the platform 806 between the stowable and operational states.
  • the platform 806 when in the operational state, can be positioned in a “horizontal” orientation, i.e., parallel to the ground surface, to provide users a place to stand and position themselves while interacting with the resistance system 402.
  • the weight of the user atop the platform 806 can be suitable to provide stability and anchor the shoulder strengthening system 800 to the ground surface while the user is interacting with the resistance system 402.
  • the overall weight of the shoulder strengthening system 800 can be reduced, such as to optimize the weight of the system for stowing and packing, while taking advantage of users’ weight to anchor the strengthening system 800 to the ground surface.
  • the weight of the platform 806 and/or surface area of the platform 806 in contact with the ground can itself be suitable to stabilize and anchor the shoulder strengthening system 800.
  • Other components such as ties, fasteners, or weights can also be included and used to secure the strengthening system 800 to the ground surface.
  • the platform 806 need not be coupled to the frame or movable.
  • the platform 806 can be secured to the ground surface separately of the frame 804 and/or immovably coupled to the frame 804 during setup of the strengthening system 800.
  • the platform 806 need not be included and the frame 804 can be secured to the local ground surface and/or be sized and weighted to stabilize and anchor the shoulder strengthening system 800.
  • the bracket 812 can enable the resistance system 402 to be angled relative to the frame 804, for example, pivoted about axis 814. As shown in FIG. 31A, the resistance system 402 is positioned in a first angled position relative to the frame 804 (e.g., approximately 90 degrees). FIG. 3 IB illustrates the resistance system 402 in a second angled position relative to the frame 804 (e.g., approximately 30 degrees).
  • a locking mechanism can be coupled to the bracket 812, such that the resistance system 402 can be locked into position relative to the frame 804 at various angles.
  • the bracket 812 can be hinged to the frame 804 and configured to incrementally adjust within a range of angles between the frame 804 and the resistance system 402 (e.g., between 0 degrees and 180 degrees, 0-90 degrees, 30-90 degrees, etc.).
  • any shaft or shaft assembly (e.g., shaft assembly 844) of a resistance system (e.g., resistance system 402) that is coupled to the frame 804 is able to translate relative to an axis of the frame 804 (along D10) as well as rotate relative to the frame 804 about three axes, specifically first axis 449 (FIGS. 16-17), second axis 451 (FIGS. 16-17), and third axis 814.
  • the third axis 814 is formed by the hinged or other suitable connection between the bracket 812 and the frame 804. This third axis 814 can be used to position the resistance system 402 at a sloped, downward angle suitable for particular arm and shoulder movements.
  • a user for instance, can position themselves in a standing position on the platform 806, with their back and/or side directed toward the frame 804. In this position, the user can securely grasp the ball 700 (or a wristring structure coupled to the shaft 500) and engage in overhand, sidearm, and/or underhand pitching motions.
  • This configuration is desirable, for example, for diagnosing the extent of a pitcher’s shoulder injury and/or monitoring the health of the pitcher’s shoulder through movement which reproduces a natural pitching motion.
  • the same or similar orientations of the resistance system 402 can be used for other athletic and/or occupational movements.
  • FIGS. 33-40 illustrate another example of a shaft 900 that can be used in any of the shoulder strengthening apparatuses described herein (e.g., included in any resistance system 102, 302, 402, etc. described herein).
  • the shaft 900 is generally similar to shaft 500, although the shaft 900 includes a telescoping system 920 that includes some additional and/or alternative components to telescoping system 520. It should be appreciated that one or more components of telescoping system 920 (e.g., the additional and/or alternative components) can be included in telescoping system 520.
  • the shaft 900 includes a base portion 902, a first member 904 (or “outer member”) that is coupled to the base portion 902, a second member 906 (or “middle member”) disposed radially within the first member 904, and a third member 908 (or “inner member”) disposed radially within the second member 906 and the first member 904.
  • first member 904, second member 906, third member 908 are shown in the illustrated example, in some examples, the shaft 900 can comprise a different number of members (e.g., 2, 4, etc.). As shown in FIGS.
  • a proximal end of the first member 904 can be coupled to the base portion 902 with fasteners (e.g., fasteners 510, etc.), such that the first member 904 is fixed to the base portion 902 (e.g., cannot move axially along axis 903 relative to the base portion 902).
  • the base portion 902 and the first member 904 can be formed as a single, unitary piece.
  • the base portion 902 can be coupled to a joint assembly (e.g., joint assembly 442) similar to base portion 502, as described above.
  • the second pinion 462 can be coupled to the base portion 902 (FIG. 35).
  • FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view of a distal end portion of the shaft 900.
  • the outer member 904 has a diamond shape cross-section having rounded apices and includes inner flanges 914 extending along a length of the outer member 904.
  • the middle member 906 also has a diamond shape cross-section and includes inner walls 916 adjacent to two, opposite apices that define apex channels 918 extending along a length of the middle member 906.
  • the inner flanges 914 can serve as guides for the middle member 906, for example, to maintain alignment of the members as the middle member 906 and the inner member 908 move axially relative to the outer member 904.
  • the inner member 908, in the illustrated example, has a circular cross-section and is disposed radially between the apex channels 918.
  • the members 904, 906, 908 can have different cross-sections, for example, all or a subset of the members can have circular cross-sections.
  • FIG. 35 illustrates the base portion 902 as coupled to the first member 904.
  • FIG. 36 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the shaft 900 and depicts the connection between the base portion 902 and the members 904, 906, 908.
  • the first, second, and third members 904, 906, 908 can be coupled together and/or to the base portion 902 by a telescoping system 920 (also referred to herein as a linked system).
  • the telescoping system 920 enables the third member 908 to translate relative to the base portion 902 and the first member 904, as well as relative to the second member 906, along the longitudinal axis 903.
  • the first member 904 is fixed relative to the base portion 902, such that the first member 904 does not move relative to the base portion 902 (e.g., the two move together, etc.).
  • the second and third members 906, 908 can each translate relative to the first member 904 at different rates, as described below.
  • the proximal ends of the second member 906 and the third member 908 can include proximal end caps configured to engage with the telescoping system 920.
  • the second member 906 can include a shuttle 922 coupled to the proximal end of the second member 906 and the third member 908 can include a clamp 926 coupled to the proximal end of the third member 908.
  • the telescoping system 920 can include a first pulley 925 coupled between the base portion 902 and the third member 908.
  • the first pulley 925 couples the base portion 902 to the third member 908, such that the third member 908 can extend and retract relative to the base portion 902.
  • the first pulley 925 can include a barrel 924 coupled to the base portion 902 and a belt 928 (e.g., tape, cable, rope, etc.) coupled to the barrel 924 and the clamp 926.
  • the belt 928 can be wound about the barrel 924, such that a portion of the belt 928 is disposed on the barrel 924. The remaining portion of the belt 928 extends in an axial direction, parallel to the longitudinal axis 903.
  • the belt 928 can extend from the barrel 924 through the shuttle 922 towards the third member 908.
  • An end of the belt 928 is fixedly coupled to the proximal end of the third member 908 by the clamp 926.
  • the barrel 924 can be coupled to other relatively fixed members of the shaft 900, such as the first member 904.
  • the roller 929 is coupled to the second member 906, and in some examples, as depicted, to the shuttle 922 of the second member 906.
  • the roller 929 can be disposed on a base 968 that is coupled to the shuttle 922, for example, with a spring 970.
  • the base 968 is configured to hold the roller 929 such that the roller 929 can rotate relative to the base 968.
  • the pulley belt 931 can have one end coupled (e.g., fixed) to the first member 904 (e.g., to a distal end cap 946 coupled to the first member 504 (FIG. 40)) and the other end of the pulley belt can be coupled to the third member 908 (e.g., to the clamp 926). In this way, the first, second, and third members 904, 906, 908 are linked together by the second pulley 927.
  • the belt 928 As the third member 908 translates distally relative to the base portion 902 (e.g., away from the base portion 902), the belt 928 unwinds from the barrel 924, such that a longer portion of the belt 928 is extended between the clamp 926 and the base portion 902. Similarly, as the third member 908 translates proximally relative to the base portion 902 (e.g., towards the base portion 902), the belt 928 winds around the barrel 924, such that a shorter portion of the belt 928 is extended between the clamp 926 and the base portion 902.
  • the telescoping system 920 couples the third member 908 to the base portion 902, such that the third member 908 is permitted to translate relative to the base portion 902 (as well as the first member 904 and the second member 906), along the longitudinal axis 903.
  • the second pulley 927 causes the second member 906 to also translate distally.
  • the pulley belt 931 has a first portion 931a extending between the roller 929 and the clamp 926 of the third member 908 and a second portion 931b extending between the roller 929 and the distal end cap 946 of the first member 904.
  • the second pulley 927 causes the second member 906 to also translate proximally.
  • the roller 929 rotates in a second direction (e.g., counter-clockwise, etc.) and at least some of the first portion 931a moves along the roller 929. This decreases the length of the first portion 931a and increases the length of the second portion 931b, such that the distance between the distal end cap 946 and the second pulley 927 is increased. In this way, the second pulley 927 (and therefore the second member 906) moves proximally and towards the base portion 902.
  • translation of the second and third members 906, 908 can occur at different rates.
  • translation of the third member 908 can be twice as far as the corresponding translation of the second member 906 based on the configuration of the second pulley 927.
  • the telescoping system 920 links the second member 906 to the third member 908, such that the third member 908 and the second member 906 both translate along the longitudinal axis 903 at different (e.g., proportional) rates.
  • the telescoping system 920 can include one or more pulleys to counteract the force of gravity (e.g., counteract the weight of various components of the system, such as the second and third members 906, 908 and their respective end caps 922, 926, etc.).
  • the force of gravity e.g., counteract the weight of various components of the system, such as the second and third members 906, 908 and their respective end caps 922, 926, etc.
  • the telescoping system 920 can include a third pulley 972 (FIG. 40) and a belt or cord 974 coupled to the third pulley 972.
  • the third pulley 972 can be coupled to the distal end cap 946 of the first member 904 (FIG. 40).
  • the cord 974 can extend between a fixed portion of the shaft 900 (e.g., the base portion 902), the third pulley 972, and a translatable portion of the shaft 900 (e.g., the second member 906).
  • the cord 974 has a first end portion 974a coupled to an extension 949 of the base portion 902 and a second end portion 974b coupled to the shuttle 922 of the second member 906.
  • the cord 974 can be tensioned to counteract the force of gravity acting upon the translatable portions of the shaft 900 (e.g., second member 906, third member 908, etc.). In this way, the third pulley 972 and the cord 974 of the telescoping system 920 create a “weightless” sensation for the user, such that the translatable portions of the shaft 900 can feel “weightless” or “floating” as the user extends and/or retracts the shaft 900.
  • a torsion spring can be coupled to the first pulley 925 (e.g., coupled to the barrel 924 and/or the belt 928) and/or the first pulley 925 can include a torsion spring.
  • the torsion spring can be configured such that unwinding of the belt 928 from the barrel 924 can cause the torsion spring to exert enough of a force to wind the belt 928 around the barrel 924 when the user translates the third member 908 axially towards the base portion 902.
  • the force can be relatively small such that the torsion spring does not retract the shaft 900 from an extended position towards a retracted position.
  • the torsion spring does not assist the user in retracting the shaft 900 or translating the third member 908 axially relative to the first and second members 904, 906. Rather, the torsion spring can be included to ensure the belt 928 properly winds around the barrel 924.
  • the first pulley 925 can also be referred to as a spring or a bilateral spring.
  • the receiver 934 is positioned at an end of the receiver arm 930 and has a concave surface.
  • the pusher 936 is positioned at an end of the pusher arm 932 and has a corresponding convex surface, in some examples.
  • the receiver 934 and the pusher 936 can be covered with a material or fabric, such as felt or leather. In some examples, the receiver 934 can be covered with leather and the pusher 936 can be covered with felt.
  • the arms 930, 932 are generally perpendicular to the belt 928.
  • the pusher arm 932 is operatively coupled to a motor 938 that is configured to move the pusher arm 932 towards the receiver arm 930, such that the pusher 936 compresses against the receiver 934, with the belt 928 sandwiched therebetween. In this way, the pusher 936 can selectively apply a resistive, frictional force to the belt 928 to prevent movement of the belt 928 relative to the arms 930, 932.
  • a force sensor 933 e.g., a load cell
  • the arms 930, 932 and the motor 938 are part of the resistance mechanism 448.
  • the force sensor 933 and/or the motor 938 can be operatively coupled to a computer interface (e.g., computer interface 439), such that a user can control and/or monitor the resistive load applied to the belt 928 by the motor 938 and the arms 930, 932 via the computer interface, similar to shaft 500.
  • a computer interface e.g., computer interface 439
  • the telescoping system 920 can also include one or more dampers, shock absorbers, or the like.
  • the third member 908 can include a damper 940 (e.g., a rubber block, a spring, etc.) configured to improve the fluidity with which the telescoping shaft 900 retracts.
  • the damper 940 is coupled to a proximal surface of the clamp 926.
  • the damper 940 is configured to compress against an inner surface of the second member 906 or an inner surface coupled to the second member 906, for example, against an inner, distal surface 966 of the shuttle 922, as shown in FIGS. 36-38.
  • the damper 940 can compress against the distal surface 966 of the shuttle 922 when the third member 908 is translated proximally relative to the second member 906 (e.g., to a fully retracted configuration of the shaft 900). For example, when a user retracts the third member 908, the third member 908 can translate axially until the damper 940 compresses against the distal surface 966 of the shuttle 922.
  • the shaft 900 can include one or more dampers (e.g., damper 940) that can be configured to compress against surfaces of the shaft 900 other than the distal surface 966 of the shuttle 922.
  • the shaft 900 can include distal dampers (e.g., similar to distal springs 540d, 544d) that can be configured to limit the translation of the members of the shaft 900 in the distal direction.
  • FIG. 37 illustrates the proximal end of the third member 908, and specifically, the clamp 926, in greater detail.
  • the clamp 926 includes an outer member 948, an inner member 950, and a locking component 952 (e.g., a set screw, etc.) configured to retain a positioning of the inner member 950 relative to the outer member 948.
  • the clamp 926 is coupled to the distal end of the third member 908 via a threaded connection.
  • an inner surface of the third member 908 includes internal threads 954 configured to receive external threads 956 disposed on an outer surface of the clamp 926, for example, on an outer surface of the outer member 948.
  • the damper 940 can be coupled to a proximal face of the inner member 950.
  • an end of the belt 928 and an end of the pulley belt 931 are coupled to the clamp 526 and fixedly retained therein.
  • the belt 928 and the pulley belt 931 are compressed between the outer member 948 and a flange 958 of the inner member 950.
  • the locking component 952 can maintain the compression between the flange 958 and the outer member 948 to sandwich the belt 928 therebetween.
  • a fastener 976 e.g., a clamp, etc.
  • the proximal end of the second member 906 is coupled to the shuttle 922.
  • the second member 906 can be coupled to the shuttle 922, for example, using fasteners such as screws, bolts, or the like.
  • a fastener can be coupled through an opening 978 of the shuttle 922 and a corresponding opening of the second member 906.
  • the shuttle 922 can also include an opening or passageway 964 through which the belt 928 extends.
  • the damper 940 coupled to the third member 908 can compress against the distal surface 966 as the third member 908 is retracted relative to the base portion 902.
  • the distal surface 966 is formed on a bridge portion of the shuttle 522 that extends partially around (e.g., over) the second pulley 927.
  • the cord 974 is coupled to one side of the shuttle 922, and the second pulley 927 is coupled to the opposite side of the shuttle 922. Specifically, the cord 974 extends through two flanges 984 extending from the shuttle 922. Each flange 984 includes an opening through which the cord 974 extends. As shown in FIG. 39, the end portion 974b of the cord 974 can be coupled to the flange 984 of the shuttle 922. In FIG. 39, the first portion 931a of the pulley belt 931 is not shown for purposes of illustration. As described above, the base 968 of the second pulley 927 can be coupled to the shuttle 922 with the spring 970. In other examples, the cord 974 and the second pulley 927 can be coupled to the shuttle 922 in other manners.
  • FIG. 40 illustrates a perspective view of the distal end of the shaft 900 with the first member 904 removed for purposes of illustration.
  • the third pulley 972 is coupled to the distal end cap 946 of the first member 904.
  • the cord 974 extends proximally from the third pulley 972.
  • the second pulley 927 can also be coupled to the distal end cap 946.
  • an end of the pulley belt 931 e.g., an end of the second portion 931b of the pulley belt 931
  • the third pulley 972 and the pulley belt 931 can be coupled to extensions 947 of the distal end cap 946.
  • the shaft 900 can also include one or more sensors.
  • a processor board 986 can be coupled to the shaft 900, for example, to the base portion 902 and operatively coupled to the sensors and a computer interface (e.g., computer interface 439).
  • the shaft 900 can include a force sensor 933 in some examples that is coupled to the receiver arm 930 to detect or measure the force applied to the belt 928.
  • a position sensor 980 e.g., a rotary sensor, an optical encoder, etc.
  • the position sensor 980 can be configured to track and measure the telescoping position/motion of the second member 904 and the third member 906 relative to the base portion 902.
  • the position sensor 980 can, for instance, detect a rotational position of the barrel 924 to measure a length of belt 928 that has been unwound from the barrel 924. This measurement can be used, for example, by the computer interface 439, to determine a position to which the shaft 900 has been extended or retracted.
  • data associated with the position sensor 980 e.g., data corresponding to the telescoping position of the shaft 900, etc.
  • the motor 938, the force sensor 933 e.g., data corresponding to the resistance applied to and/or experienced by the belt 928, etc.
  • other components of the shaft 900 can be transmitted to the processor board and/or computer interface 439 (e.g., via a wired connection, via wireless communication, such as Bluetooth, etc.).
  • the disclosed shaft 900 is described as having one or more transducers, sensors, or gauges, it should be appreciated the system need not include these features to function but is enhanced by the added functionality and benefits they provide. Moreover, though quantities of individual components described herein are specified with particularity, it should be understood one or more components may be added or removed while still allowing the shoulder strengthening system to fully function in accordance with the present disclosure.
  • shoulder strengthening systems 100, 300, 400, and 800 can include all and/or any combination of components described in reference to the other.
  • the shoulder strengthening system 800 can include the shaft assembly 444, instead of the shaft assembly 844.
  • the shoulder strengthening system 100 can include the shaft 900 instead of shaft 132.
  • the resistance systems described herein can include hydraulic mechanisms to provide resistance, it should be appreciated that the materials making up the individual components of the resistance systems can also provide adequate resistance without a resistive force applied by the hydraulic mechanisms.
  • the weight and rigidity of the components of the resistance systems 102, 302, and 402 can provide ample resistance, particularly to those users just beginning rehabilitation.
  • one or more of the components of the resistance systems can be constructed of relatively light weight materials so as to ensure the components are able to be manipulated by a user whose shoulder is in a weakened state and vulnerable to injury and/or reinjury.
  • the members of shaft 132, 326, 500, and 900 can be made of a lightweight, anodized aluminum which provides little weight to the resistance system.
  • Example 1 An exercise apparatus comprising: a frame; a joint pivotably coupled to the frame; a resistance mechanism coupled to the joint; a shaft coupled to the joint; and a wrist-ring structure coupled to the shaft, wherein the shaft and the wrist-ring structure are configured to move together relative to the frame, and wherein the resistance mechanism is configured to restrict movement of the joint relative to the frame.
  • Example 2 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 1, wherein the resistance mechanism comprises a first hydraulic member and a second hydraulic member, the first hydraulic member configured to restrict relative motion of the joint about a first axis and the second hydraulic member configured to restrict relative motion of the joint about a second axis.
  • Example 3 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 1-2, wherein the joint is a universal joint, the universal joint having a first pivot axis and a second pivot axis perpendicular to the first pivot axis.
  • Example 4 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 2-3, wherein the resistance mechanism further comprises a first rotational position sensor and a second rotational position sensor, the first rotational position sensor configured to measure the angular rotation of the joint about the first axis and the second rotational position sensor configured to measure the angular rotation of the joint about the second axis.
  • Example 5 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 1-4, wherein the shaft is a telescoping shaft assembly comprising a first member coupled to the joint and a second member coaxially aligned with and slidably coupled to the first member.
  • Example 6 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 5, wherein the telescoping shaft assembly further comprises an adjustment ring coupled to the first member and the second member and configured to restrict relative movement between the first member and the second member.
  • Example 7 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 6, wherein the first member comprises a plurality of leaf springs, and wherein the adjustment ring is coaxially aligned with and extending over the leaf springs.
  • Example 8 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 7, wherein rotation of the adjustment ring relative to the first member produces relative axial motion between the adjustment ring and both the leaf springs and the first member such that the leaf springs contact and apply a resistive force to the second member.
  • Example 9 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 8, wherein the relative resistive force applied to second member is proportional to the axial travel of the adjustment ring relative to the first member.
  • Example 11 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 5-10, wherein the first member comprises one or more sensors configured to track the position of the second member relative to the first member.
  • Example 12 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 1-11, wherein the wrist-ring structure comprises a ring, a shuttle movably coupled to the ring, and a brace coupled to the shuttle, the shuttle and brace configured to move along a circumference of the ring and about a first axis of the wrist-ring structure.
  • Example 15 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 1-14, the apparatus further comprising a support coupled to the frame and configured to abut an arm of a user of the apparatus.
  • Example 16 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 15, wherein the support is rotatably coupled to the frame such that the support is configured to rotate 360 degrees about a vertical axis of the frame.
  • Example 17 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 15-16, wherein the support comprises a telescoping shaft comprising a first member and a second member coaxially aligned with and slidably coupled to the first member.
  • Example 19 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 18, wherein the shaft and the wrist-ring structure are configured to move in multiple directions relative to the frame.
  • Example 20 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 1-19, wherein the joint comprises a base coupled to the frame and a movable component pivotably coupled to the base.
  • Example 21 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 20, wherein the joint is coupled to the frame by an adjustable arm such that the relative distance between the joint and the frame can be increased and decreased.
  • Example 22 An exercise apparatus comprising: a frame; a joint pivotably coupled to the frame; a resistance mechanism coupled to the joint and comprising a first hydraulic member and a second hydraulic member, the first hydraulic member configured to restrict relative motion of the joint about a first axis and the second hydraulic member configured to restrict relative motion of the joint about a second axis; a shaft coupled to the joint; and a wrist-ring structure coupled to the shaft, wherein the shaft and the wrist-ring structure are configured to move together relative to the frame about the first and second axes.
  • Example 23 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 22, wherein the first hydraulic member and the second hydraulic member are hydraulic cylinders.
  • Example 24 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 22, wherein the first hydraulic member and the second hydraulic member are hydraulic gear assemblies.
  • Example 25 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 22-24, wherein the first hydraulic member and the second hydraulic member are coupled to one or more flow valves configured to increase and/or decrease a flow rate of hydraulic fluid delivered to the first and second hydraulic members.
  • Example 26 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 25, wherein the flow rate of hydraulic fluid modifies the degree in which the relative motion of the joint is restricted by the first hydraulic member and the second hydraulic member.
  • Example 27 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 25-26, wherein the degree in which the relative motion of the joint is restricted is directly proportional to the flow rate of hydraulic fluid delivered to the first and second hydraulic members.
  • Example 28 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 22-27, wherein the resistance mechanism further comprises a first rotational position sensor and a second rotational position sensor, the first rotational position sensor configured to measure the angular rotation of the joint about the first axis and the second rotational position sensor configured to measure the angular rotation of the joint about the second axis.
  • Example 30 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 22-29, wherein the first hydraulic member is aligned with the first pivot axis and the second hydraulic member is aligned with the second pivot axis.
  • Example 31 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 22-30, wherein the first hydraulic member and the second hydraulic member form a 90-degree angle relative to one another.
  • Example 32 An exercise apparatus comprising: a frame; a joint pivotably coupled to the frame; a resistance mechanism coupled to the joint; a shaft assembly coupled to the joint, the shaft assembly comprising a first member and a second member coaxially aligned with and slidably coupled to the first member; and a wrist-ring structure coupled to the shaft assembly, wherein the shaft assembly and the wrist-ring structure are configured to move together relative to the frame, and wherein the resistance mechanism is configured to restrict movement of the joint relative to the frame.
  • Example 33 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 32, wherein first member is coupled to the joint and the wrist-ring structure is coupled to the second member.
  • Example 34 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 32, wherein the second member is coupled to the joint and the wrist-ring structure is coupled to the first member.
  • Example 36 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 30-35, wherein the shaft assembly further comprises an adjustment mechanism rotatably coupled to the first member and the second member and configured to restrict relative movement between the first member and the second member.
  • Example 37 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 36, wherein one of the first member and the second member comprises a plurality of leaf springs, and wherein the adjustment mechanism is coaxially aligned with and extending over the leaf springs.
  • Example 39 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 38, wherein the relative frictional force applied to one of the first member and the second member is proportional to the axial travel of the adjustment mechanism relative to the leaf springs.
  • Example 40 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 38-39, wherein one of the first member and the second member comprises one or more sensors configured to measure the frictional force applied to the other of the first member and the second member.
  • Example 41 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 32-40, wherein one of the first member and the second member comprises one or more sensors configured to track the position of the second member relative to the first member.
  • Example 42 An exercise apparatus comprising: a frame; a joint pivotably coupled to the frame; a resistance mechanism coupled to the joint; a shaft coupled to the joint; and a wrist-ring structure coupled to the shaft and comprising a ring, a shuttle movably coupled to the ring, and a brace coupled to the shuttle, the shuttle and brace configured to move along a circumference of the ring and about a first axis of the wrist-ring structure, wherein the shaft and the wrist-ring structure are configured to move together relative to the frame, and wherein the resistance mechanism is configured to restrict movement of the joint relative to the frame.
  • Example 43 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 42, wherein the ring is configured to pivot about a second axis of the wrist-ring structure such that the shuttle and brace also pivot about the second axis.
  • Example 44 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 43, wherein the ring, shuttle, and brace rotate about a third axis of the wrist-ring structure.
  • Example 45 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 42-44, wherein the wrist-ring structure comprises a lever configured to control the relative movement of the shuttle and brace along the circumference of the ring.
  • Example 46 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 45, wherein the lever is configured to switch the brace and shuttle between a fixed state and a free rotation state.
  • Example 47 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 46, wherein the lever is configured to switch the brace and shuttle between a fixed state and a momentarily free rotation state.
  • Example 48 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 45, wherein the lever in a first position is configured to fix the relative position of the brace and shuttle along the circumference of the ring.
  • Example 49 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 48, wherein the lever in a second position is configured to allow the brace and shuttle to move freely along the circumference of the ring.
  • Example 50 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 49, wherein the lever is configured to move between the first position and a third position such that the brace and shuttle are momentarily free to move along the circumference of the ring when the lever is in a third position and fixed when the lever is in the first position.
  • Example 51 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 42-50, wherein the wrist-ring structure is coupled to a release mechanism and the release mechanism is coupled to the shaft.
  • Example 52 An exercise apparatus comprising: a frame; a joint moveably coupled to the frame; a resistance mechanism coupled to the joint; a shaft coupled to the joint; and a wrist-ring structure coupled to the shaft, wherein the shaft and the wrist-ring structure are configured to move together relative to the frame about first, second, and third axes, and wherein the resistance mechanism is configured to restrict movement of the joint relative to the frame.
  • Example 53 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 52, further comprising a platform moveably coupled to the frame.
  • Example 54 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 53, wherein when the platform is in a first orientation the apparatus is in a stowable state and wherein when the platform is in a second orientation the apparatus is in an operational state.
  • Example 55 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 52-54, wherein a vertical positioning of the shaft, the wrist-ring structure, and the joint relative to the frame is adjustable via an adjustment mechanism.
  • Example 57 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 52-56, wherein the wrist-ring structure comprises a ring, a shuttle movably coupled to the ring, and a ball portion coupled to the shuttle, the shuttle and ball portion configured to move along a circumference of the ring and about a first axis of the wrist-ring structure.
  • Example 58 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 57, wherein the ring is configured to pivot about a second axis of the wrist-ring structure such that the shuttle and ball portion also pivot about the second axis.
  • Example 59 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 58, wherein the ring, shuttle, and ball portion rotate about a third axis of the wrist-ring structure.
  • Example 60 An exercise apparatus comprising: a frame; a joint pivotably coupled to the frame; a resistance mechanism coupled to the joint and comprising a first hydraulic member and a second hydraulic member, the first hydraulic member configured to restrict relative motion of the joint about a first axis and the second hydraulic member configured to restrict relative motion of the joint about a second axis; and a shaft coupled to the joint, wherein the shaft is configured to move relative to the frame about the first and second axes.
  • Example 61 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 60, wherein the first hydraulic member and the second hydraulic member are coupled to one or more flow valves configured to increase and/or decrease a flow rate of hydraulic fluid delivered to the first and second hydraulic members.
  • Example 62 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly any one of examples 60-61, wherein the flow rate of hydraulic fluid modifies the degree in which the relative motion of the joint is restricted by the first hydraulic member and the second hydraulic member.
  • Example 73 The apparatus of any example herein, particularly example 72, wherein the support is rotatably coupled to the frame such that the support is configured to rotate 360 degrees about a vertical axis of the frame.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rehabilitation Tools (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Invalid Beds And Related Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

Des systèmes de renforcement des épaules peuvent offrir une résistance multidirectionnelle et dynamique au mouvement des épaules d'un utilisateur. Le système de renforcement des épaules peut comprendre un châssis, une articulation accouplée pivotante au cadre, un mécanisme de résistance accouplé à l'articulation, et un arbre accouplé à l'articulation. Les mécanismes de résistance peuvent comprendre un premier élément hydraulique et un second élément hydraulique. Le premier élément hydraulique peut être conçu pour limiter le mouvement relatif de l'articulation autour d'un premier axe, et le second élément hydraulique peut être conçu pour limiter le mouvement relatif de l'articulation autour d'un second axe. L'arbre et l'articulation du système de renforcement des épaules peuvent être conçus pour se déplacer ensemble autour des premier et second axes par rapport au châssis.
PCT/US2022/045755 2021-11-08 2022-10-05 Systèmes de renforcement des épaules WO2023080978A1 (fr)

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KR1020247018539A KR20240091330A (ko) 2021-11-08 2022-10-05 어깨 강화 시스템
AU2022380406A AU2022380406A1 (en) 2021-11-08 2022-10-05 Shoulder strengthening systems
CA3236926A CA3236926A1 (fr) 2021-11-08 2022-10-05 Systemes de renforcement des epaules

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US202163277071P 2021-11-08 2021-11-08
US63/277,071 2021-11-08
PCT/US2022/023150 WO2022212904A1 (fr) 2021-04-02 2022-04-01 Systèmes de renforcement des épaules
USPCT/US2022/023150 2022-04-01

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WO2022212904A1 (fr) * 2021-04-02 2022-10-06 Titin Km Biomedical Corp. Systèmes de renforcement des épaules

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US4629185A (en) * 1985-07-11 1986-12-16 Amann Michael J Universal hydraulic exerciser
US5013034A (en) * 1986-09-03 1991-05-07 Health Habit Developments Limited Exercise machine
US5178160A (en) * 1991-07-08 1993-01-12 Diagnospine Research Inc. Apparatus for the rehabilitation and measurement of musculoskeletal performances
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WO2005032663A1 (fr) * 2003-10-03 2005-04-14 Michael Jeffery Amann Dispositif d'exercice et poignee d'exercice
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