WO2023054718A1 - 熱電併給システム - Google Patents

熱電併給システム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023054718A1
WO2023054718A1 PCT/JP2022/036856 JP2022036856W WO2023054718A1 WO 2023054718 A1 WO2023054718 A1 WO 2023054718A1 JP 2022036856 W JP2022036856 W JP 2022036856W WO 2023054718 A1 WO2023054718 A1 WO 2023054718A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
line
fuel cell
medium
heat medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/JP2022/036856
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
裕 川口
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kyocera Corp filed Critical Kyocera Corp
Priority to US18/697,002 priority Critical patent/US20240413358A1/en
Priority to CN202280065533.0A priority patent/CN118044013A/zh
Priority to EP22876580.6A priority patent/EP4411901A1/en
Priority to JP2023551931A priority patent/JP7770415B2/ja
Publication of WO2023054718A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023054718A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04052—Storage of heat in the fuel cell system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/004—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system with conventional supplementary heat source
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/005—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system with recuperation of waste heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0036—Domestic hot-water supply systems with combination of different kinds of heating means
    • F24D17/0052—Domestic hot-water supply systems with combination of different kinds of heating means recuperated waste heat and conventional heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
    • H01M8/04768—Pressure; Flow of the coolant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/30—Fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/13—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units characterised by their heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/17—Storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/04—Gas or oil fired boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/08—Electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
    • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
    • F24D2200/19—Fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the fuel cell system 11 has a third heat exchange section 20 that exchanges heat between the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 16 and the heat medium circulating in the waste heat recovery line 18. .
  • cogeneration systems 100 and 200 can reduce the temperature of exhaust gas from fuel cell 16 .
  • the indirect supply line 13 supplies heat by heat-exchanging the heat medium stored in the heat storage tank 17 with the medium.
  • the medium is, for example, water. Part of the medium may be supplied from outside the facility in which the cogeneration system 10 is provided. Additionally, a portion of the medium may be supplied by circulating back a portion of the medium delivered from the cogeneration system 10 .
  • the first medium supply path 39 is, for example, a hot water supply path. More specifically, the first medium supply path 39 heats clean water supplied from the outside of the facility where the cogeneration system 10 is provided using the first heat exchange unit 19, for example, a consumer facility supply hot water to The first medium supply path 39 may be provided with a first flow control valve 43 that adjusts the supply amount of the medium.
  • both the reformer 26 and the cell stack 27 generally operate at a higher temperature than the exhaust gas, so compared to the configuration in which waste heat is recovered from the exhaust gas, , a large amount of heat can be recovered.
  • the cogeneration system 10 can temporarily supply large amounts of heat.
  • a combined heat and power system that recovers waste heat from exhaust gas and is difficult to supply a large amount of heat temporarily, it is necessary to install a water heater in order to meet the request to supply a large amount of heat temporarily.
  • the cogeneration system 10 can temporarily supply a large amount of heat, so installation of a water heater is unnecessary.
  • the fuel cell system 11 has the third heat exchange section 20 that exchanges heat between the exhaust gas of the fuel cell 16 and the heat medium circulating through the waste heat recovery line 18 .
  • the cogeneration system 10 can cool the exhaust gas in the third heat exchange section 20 and recover reformed water to be supplied to the fuel cell 16 .
  • the waste heat recovery line 18 circulates the heat medium stored in the heat storage tank 17 between the fuel cell 16 and the heat storage tank 17 .
  • the waste heat recovery line 18 includes a heat medium outflow line 18a, an exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, a heat medium cooling line 18c, a heat medium heating line 18d, and a heat medium inflow line 18f.
  • the waste heat recovery line 18 is connected between the heat medium outflow line 18a and the heat medium inflow line 18f to any one of the heat medium exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium heating line 18d. It is possible to switch between the switched passage and the passage in which the passage order in a plurality of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium heating line 18d is changed.
  • a specific example of the connection configuration of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium heating line 18d in the waste heat recovery line 18 will be described below.
  • the heat medium outflow line 18 a causes the heat medium to flow out from the heat storage tank 17 .
  • the heat medium outflow line 18 a may include a first end connected to the heat storage tank 17 and a second end connected to the first three-way valve 31 .
  • the heat medium cooling line 18c cools the heat medium.
  • the heating medium heating line 18d heats the heating medium.
  • the heat medium cooling line 18c and the heat medium heating line 18d may be the same line or separate lines. In the following description, the configuration in which the heat medium cooling line 18c and the heat medium heating line 18d are the same line will be described. In the description common to the heat medium cooling line 18c and the heat medium heating line 18d, the heat medium cooling line 18c and the heat medium heating line 18d are called the temperature adjustment line 18e.
  • the temperature regulation line 18 e may include a first end connected to the first three-way valve 31 and a second end connected to the third three-way valve 33 .
  • the first end of the first bypass flow path 19a may be connected to the second three-way valve 32 as described above.
  • a second end opposite to the first end of the first bypass flow path 19a may be connected to a temperature control line 18e between the first three-way valve 31 and a burner 22, which will be described later.
  • a first end of the second bypass flow path 19b may be connected to the third three-way valve 33 as described above.
  • a second end opposite to the first end of the second bypass flow path 19 b may be connected to the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18 b between the first three-way valve 31 and the third heat exchange section 20 .
  • a first end of the third bypass flow path 19c may be connected to the third three-way valve 33 as described above.
  • a second end opposite to the first end of the third bypass flow path 19 c may be connected to the heat medium inflow line 18 f between the second three-way valve 32 and the first heat exchange section 19 .
  • the waste heat recovery line 18 is arranged between the heat medium outflow line 18a and the heat medium inflow line 18f by switching the first to third three-way valves 31 to 33 and the operation of the burner 22, so that the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat
  • the passage of the heat medium to any one of the medium cooling line 18c and the heat medium heating line 18d can be switched, or the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium heating line 18d. It is possible to switch the order of passage of the heat medium to at least two or more lines among.
  • the heat medium cooling line 18c may be cooled by a cooler provided nearby.
  • a cooler is, for example, a radiator.
  • the heat medium heating line 18d may be heated by a heater provided nearby.
  • the heater is, for example, a burner 22 positioned near the heating medium heating line 18d so as to be able to heat the heating medium heating line.
  • the heater may be an electric heater or the like.
  • the burner 22 has a fuel injection line that supplies gaseous fuel and an air supply line that forcibly draws outside air using a blower.
  • the burner 22 mixes and combusts the gaseous fuel and outside air at the ignition port. Combustion of the burner 22 may heat the heat medium.
  • the indirect supply line 12 exchanges heat between a heat medium and a medium supplied from, for example, a water supply in response to a hot water supply request, and supplies hot water to, for example, consumer facilities.
  • the indirect supply line 12 may be supplied with medium, for example from a water supply.
  • the medium is, for example, water.
  • the indirect supply line 12 may be provided with a first flow control valve 43 for adjusting the supply amount of the medium.
  • a flow sensor 62 for measuring the flow rate of the medium may be provided upstream of the first flow control valve 43 in the indirect supply line 12 .
  • a temperature sensor 55 that measures the temperature T5 of the heat medium may be provided upstream of the first flow control valve 43 in the indirect supply line 12 .
  • the indirect supply line 12 includes a second heat exchange section 14 .
  • the second heat exchange unit 14 may exchange heat between the medium and the heat medium stored in the heat storage tank 17 in response to the hot water supply request.
  • the indirect supply line 12 supplies hot water to, for example, consumer facilities.
  • the indirect supply line 12 may be a hot water supply line.
  • the indirect supply line 12 may be provided with a bypass passage 44 that bypasses the second heat exchange section 14 .
  • a second flow control valve 45 may be provided in the bypass 44 . By adjusting the flow rate of the medium bypassing the bypass 44 with the second flow control valve 45, the temperature of the medium delivered from the indirect supply line 12 can be adjusted.
  • a temperature sensor 56 that measures the temperature T6 of the heat medium may be provided at the point where the downstream side of the second heat exchange section 14 and the bypass passage 44 join.
  • the outflow heat amount may be calculated based on the amount of water entering the indirect supply line 12 and the temperature of the medium at the inlet and outlet of the indirect supply line 12 .
  • a flow sensor 62 may be provided to measure the amount of water entering the indirect supply line 12 .
  • Temperature sensors 55 , 56 may be provided to measure the temperature of the medium at the inlet and outlet of the indirect supply line 12 .
  • the control device 35 may perform the third control when the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is equal to or lower than the third temperature threshold and the inflow heat amount is smaller than the provided heat amount.
  • the third temperature threshold Th3 may be the same as the second temperature threshold Th2 in the above-described configuration in which the temperature threshold is switched depending on the presence or absence of the hot water supply request.
  • the waste heat recovery line 18 is switched so that the heat medium passes through at least the heat medium heating line 18d (temperature adjustment line 18e).
  • the heat medium may pass through the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b before the heat medium heating line 18d.
  • the control device 35 controls the first three-way valve 31 to allow communication between the second end of the heat medium outflow line 18a and the first end of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b.
  • the control device 35 controls the second three-way valve 32 to allow communication between the second end of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b and the first end of the first bypass flow path 19a.
  • the control device 35 controls the third three-way valve 33 to allow communication between the second end of the heat medium heating line 18d and the first end of the third bypass flow path 19c.
  • the controller 35 causes the temperature control line 18e to function as the heating medium heating line 18d.
  • the control device 35 operates the second pump 41 to flow the heat medium to the second heat exchange section 14 .
  • the control device 35 controls the burner 22 so that the temperature T7 measured by the temperature sensor 57 becomes a predetermined second temperature target value Tt2, taking into consideration the amount of heat that can be obtained by the heat medium exchanging heat with the fuel cell 16. You may adjust the amount of raw fuel gas to. After flowing through the heating medium heating line 18d, the heating medium flows through the heating medium inflow line 18f. Considering the amount of heat that the heat medium can obtain through heat exchange in the heat medium inflow line 18f, the second temperature target value Tt2 is set to the fifth temperature target value Tt5 or the sixth temperature target value in the seventh control or eighth control described later. It may be set lower than the value Tt6.
  • the control device 35 switches the passage route based on the inflow heat amount and the provided heat amount. It may be based on the amount of water W in the condensed water tank of the battery system 11 . Specifically, the controller 35 controls the order in which the heat medium passes through the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b and the heat medium cooling line 18c in the waste heat recovery line 18 according to the amount of water W in the condensed water tank of the fuel cell system 11. can be replaced.
  • the fifth temperature threshold Th5 may be the same as the second temperature threshold Th2 in the configuration in which the temperature threshold is switched depending on the presence or absence of the hot water supply request.
  • the control device 35 controls the first three-way valve 31 to allow communication between the second end of the heat medium outflow line 18a and the first end of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b.
  • the control device 35 controls the second three-way valve 32 to allow communication between the second end of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b and the first end of the first bypass flow path 19a.
  • the control device 35 controls the third three-way valve 33 to allow communication between the second end of the heat medium cooling line 18c and the first end of the third bypass flow path 19c.
  • the control device 35 operates the blower of the burner 22 while stopping the combustion of the burner 22 .
  • the control device 35 operates the second pump 41 to flow the heat medium to the second heat exchange section 14 .
  • the control device 35 controls the burner 22 so that the temperature T7 measured by the temperature sensor 57 becomes a predetermined third temperature target value Tt3 in consideration of the amount of heat that can be obtained by heat exchange between the heat medium and the fuel cell 16. You may adjust the amount of air to the
  • the third temperature target value Tt3 may be the same as the second temperature threshold Th2.
  • the third temperature target value Tt3 may be less than the second temperature threshold Th2.
  • the heat medium from the heat storage tank 17 flows through the heat medium outflow line 18a, the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium inflow line 18f in this order.
  • the blower of the burner 22 draws outside air and blows it to the heat medium cooling line 18c to cool the heat medium flowing through the heat medium cooling line 18c, thereby causing the temperature control line 18e to function as the heat medium cooling line 18c.
  • the medium flowing through the indirect supply line 12 is heated by exchanging heat with the heat medium in the second heat exchange section 14 .
  • the control device 35 controls the first three-way valve 31 to allow communication between the second end of the heat medium outflow line 18a and the first end of the heat medium cooling line 18c.
  • the control device 35 controls the second three-way valve 32 to allow communication between the second end of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b and the second end of the heat medium inflow line 18f.
  • the control device 35 controls the third three-way valve 33 to allow communication between the second end of the heat medium cooling line 18c and the first end of the second bypass flow path 19b.
  • the control device 35 causes the temperature control line 18e to function as the heat medium cooling line 18c by operating the blower of the burner 22 while stopping the combustion of the burner 22 .
  • the control device 35 may adjust the amount of raw fuel gas to the burner 22 and the speed of the pump 40 so that the temperature T7 measured by the temperature sensor 57 becomes a predetermined fifth temperature target value Tt5.
  • the fifth temperature target value Tt5 is, for example, 75°C.
  • the heat medium from the heat storage tank 17 flows through the heat medium outflow line 18a, the heat medium heating line 18d, and the heat medium inflow line 18f in this order.
  • the burner 22 burns and heats the heat medium flowing through the heat medium heating line 18d.
  • the medium flowing through the indirect supply line 12 is heated by exchanging heat with the heat medium in the second heat exchange section 14 .
  • control device 35 may perform the control described below, for example, periodically. This control may be performed at any time, but may be performed along with the second and sixth controls.
  • the control device 35 determines that the temperature T4 of the heat medium inlet in the third heat exchange unit 20 is equal to or higher than the sixth temperature threshold value Th6, and the water amount W of the condensed water tank of the fuel cell system 11 is equal to or lower than the third water amount threshold value W3. In the case of , the power generation amount of the fuel cell 16 may be decreased.
  • the sixth temperature threshold Th6 is, for example, 50°C.
  • the third water amount threshold W3 is the same as the first water amount threshold W1 or the second water amount threshold W2 in the configuration in which the fifth control or the sixth control is performed by comparison with the water amount W of the condensed water tank as described above. good.
  • the control device 35 may reduce the power generation amount of the fuel cell 16 by reducing the amount of raw fuel gas or air supplied to the fuel cell 16 .
  • control device 35 may perform this process at regular intervals.
  • the control device 35 starts hot water delivery (step S106). Specifically, the control device 35 operates the second pump 41 to flow the heat medium to the second heat exchange section 14 .
  • the control device 35 determines whether the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is lower than or equal to the third temperature threshold Th3 (the second temperature threshold Th2 or the fourth temperature threshold Th4) (step S107).
  • the control device 35 determines that the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is equal to or lower than the third temperature threshold Th3, it determines whether the inflow heat amount is higher than the provided heat amount (step S108).
  • the temperature sensor 54 measures the heat medium inlet temperature T4 of the third heat exchange section 20.
  • the control device 35 determines that the desired condensed water recovery is possible.
  • the control device 35 controls that the water amount W of the condensed water tank that stores the condensed water generated in the third heat exchange unit 20 is equal to or greater than the first water amount threshold W1 (the second water amount threshold W2 or the third water amount threshold W3). It may be determined whether The amount of water W in the condensate tank may be measured by a water level sensor.
  • the amount of water W in the condensed water tank may be calculated based on measurements of the inflow and outflow of the heat transfer medium to the condensed water tank.
  • the amount of water W in the condensed water tank may be calculated based on the temperature of the exhaust gas from the fuel cell 16 .
  • control device 35 determines that temperature T3 at the bottom of heat storage tank 17 is equal to or lower than seventh temperature threshold Th7. It is determined whether there is (step S115). When the control device 35 determines that the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is equal to or lower than the seventh temperature threshold Th7, the control device 35 performs seventh control (step S116). When the controller 35 determines that the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is not equal to or lower than the seventh temperature threshold Th7, the controller 35 shifts the fuel cell system 11 to the standby state (step S117).
  • the standby state means that the fuel cell 16 is not operating, the heat storage tank 17 is not providing heat, the burner 22 is not provided with fuel gas, the blower of the burner 22 is not blowing air, and the first The state in which the pump 40 is stopped.
  • the control device 35 may perform additional control described below, for example, periodically.
  • the control device 35 determines whether the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is equal to or lower than the eighth temperature threshold Th8 (step S121).
  • the controller 35 determines in step S110 that the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is higher than the eighth temperature threshold Th8, the controller 35 stops supplying gas fuel to the burner 22 (step S122). .
  • Controller 35 may stop first pump 40 .
  • the control device 35 ends the process.
  • control device 35 may perform the control described below with reference to FIG. 9, for example, periodically. This control may be performed at any time, but may be performed along with the second and sixth controls.
  • the control device 35 determines whether the temperature T4 of the heat medium inlet of the third heat exchange unit 20 is equal to or lower than the sixth temperature threshold Th6 (step S125).
  • the control device 35 determines in step S125 that the temperature T4 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is equal to or lower than the sixth temperature threshold Th6, the air blowing volume of the blower of the burner 22 is maintained (step S126).
  • control device 35 determines that the temperature T4 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 is not equal to or lower than the sixth temperature threshold Th6, it increases the air blowing volume of the blower of the burner 22 (step S127).
  • the amount of air blown by the blower of the burner 22 may be increased by increasing the amount of rotation of the blower.
  • the control device 35 determines whether the temperature T4 of the heat medium inlet of the third heat exchange unit 20 is equal to or lower than the sixth temperature threshold Th6 (step S128). When the control device 35 determines that the temperature T4 of the heat medium inlet of the third heat exchange section 20 is equal to or lower than the sixth temperature threshold Th6, the control device 35 maintains the blower air volume of the burner 22. (Step S126). When the control device 35 determines that the temperature T4 of the heat medium inlet of the third heat exchange section 20 is not equal to or lower than the sixth temperature threshold Th6, the control device 35 performs the desired condensed water collection as described above. is possible (step S129).
  • control device 35 determines in step S129 that the desired collection of condensed water is possible, the control device 35 maintains the air blowing volume of the blower of the burner 22 (step S126).
  • the control device 35 determines that the desired collection of condensed water is not possible, the control device 35 reduces the power generation amount of the fuel cell 16 (step S130). Specifically, the control device 35 reduces the amount of raw fuel gas or air supplied to the fuel cell 16 to reduce the power generation amount of the fuel cell 16 .
  • the fuel cell system of this embodiment configured as described above includes a waste heat recovery line 18 for circulating the heat medium between the fuel cell 16 and the heat storage tank 17.
  • the waste heat recovery line 18 is a heat medium outflow line. Between 18a and the heat medium inflow line 18f, it is possible to switch the passage of the heat medium to any one of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium heating line 18d, or The order of passage of the heat medium to at least two or more of the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b, the heat medium cooling line 18c, and the heat medium heating line 18d can be switched, and the control device 35 controls the operation of the fuel cell 16.
  • the passage route of the heat medium in the waste heat recovery line 18 is switched according to the operating state and the presence/absence of the hot water supply request.
  • the fuel cell system 11 can maintain the heat medium stored in the heat storage tank 17 at a high temperature regardless of whether there is a demand for hot water supply.
  • the heat medium flows through the heat medium outflow line 18a, the heat medium The waste heat recovery line is switched so as to pass through the cooling line 18c and the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b in this order.
  • the condensed water supplied to the fuel cell 16 must be sufficiently collected by cooling the exhaust gas of the fuel cell with a heat medium.
  • the exhaust gas may not be sufficiently cooled by the heat medium. Therefore, the fuel cell system 11 needs to actively cool the heat medium.
  • the control device 35 controls the temperature T3 of the lower portion of the heat storage tank 17 to be equal to or lower than the fourth temperature threshold value Th4 and the inflow heat amount is larger than the provided heat amount, or the heat storage tank 17 is higher than the fourth temperature threshold value Th4, and when the inflow heat amount is less than the provided heat amount, the heat medium passes through the heat medium outflow line 18a and the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b in this order.
  • the waste heat recovery line 18 is switched as follows. With such a configuration, the fuel cell system 11 does not heat the heat medium in the heat medium heating line 18d when the heat amount supplied to the heat medium can be sufficiently recovered from the heat amount obtained from the fuel cell 16. , can reduce energy consumption.
  • the control device 35 controls the heat medium cooling line 18c after the heat medium passes through the exhaust gas heat exchange line 18b. Switch the waste heat recovery line 18 so that it passes through the .
  • the fuel cell system 11 can cool the heat medium so that the temperature of the heat medium stored in the heat storage tank 17 does not become too high. Also, the fuel cell system 11 can stop cooling the heat medium in the heat medium cooling line 18c to reduce energy consumption.
  • Embodiments according to the present disclosure are not limited to any specific configuration of the embodiments described above. Embodiments of the present disclosure extend to any novel feature or combination thereof described in the present disclosure or any novel method or process step or combination thereof described. be able to.
  • Descriptions such as “first” and “second” in this disclosure are identifiers for distinguishing the configurations. Configurations that are differentiated in descriptions such as “first” and “second” in this disclosure may interchange the numbers in that configuration. For example, a first heat exchange section can exchange identifiers “first” and “second” with a second heat exchange section. The exchange of identifiers is done simultaneously. The configurations are still distinct after the exchange of identifiers. Identifiers may be deleted. Configurations from which identifiers have been deleted are distinguished by codes. The description of identifiers such as “first” and “second” in this disclosure should not be used as a basis for interpreting the order of the configuration or the existence of lower numbered identifiers.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
PCT/JP2022/036856 2021-09-30 2022-09-30 熱電併給システム Ceased WO2023054718A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US18/697,002 US20240413358A1 (en) 2021-09-30 2022-09-30 Cogeneration system
CN202280065533.0A CN118044013A (zh) 2021-09-30 2022-09-30 热电联产系统
EP22876580.6A EP4411901A1 (en) 2021-09-30 2022-09-30 Cogeneration system
JP2023551931A JP7770415B2 (ja) 2021-09-30 2022-09-30 熱電併給システム

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JP2021162310 2021-09-30
JP2021-162076 2021-09-30
JP2021162076 2021-09-30
JP2021-162310 2021-09-30
JP2022061336 2022-03-31
JP2022-061336 2022-03-31

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002298863A (ja) 2001-03-30 2002-10-11 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 燃料電池発電設備の排熱回収システム
JP2005069667A (ja) * 2003-08-01 2005-03-17 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 貯湯式の給湯熱源装置
JP2005100873A (ja) * 2003-09-26 2005-04-14 Hitachi Home & Life Solutions Inc 燃料電池システム
WO2006057223A1 (ja) * 2004-11-25 2006-06-01 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha 燃料電池システム
JP2007263388A (ja) * 2006-03-27 2007-10-11 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 排熱回収装置
JP2017174608A (ja) * 2016-03-23 2017-09-28 大阪瓦斯株式会社 燃料電池システム

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002298863A (ja) 2001-03-30 2002-10-11 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 燃料電池発電設備の排熱回収システム
JP2005069667A (ja) * 2003-08-01 2005-03-17 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 貯湯式の給湯熱源装置
JP2005100873A (ja) * 2003-09-26 2005-04-14 Hitachi Home & Life Solutions Inc 燃料電池システム
WO2006057223A1 (ja) * 2004-11-25 2006-06-01 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha 燃料電池システム
JP2007263388A (ja) * 2006-03-27 2007-10-11 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 排熱回収装置
JP2017174608A (ja) * 2016-03-23 2017-09-28 大阪瓦斯株式会社 燃料電池システム

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JPWO2023054718A1 (https=) 2023-04-06

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