WO2023051636A1 - 一种髋臼杯 - Google Patents

一种髋臼杯 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023051636A1
WO2023051636A1 PCT/CN2022/122243 CN2022122243W WO2023051636A1 WO 2023051636 A1 WO2023051636 A1 WO 2023051636A1 CN 2022122243 W CN2022122243 W CN 2022122243W WO 2023051636 A1 WO2023051636 A1 WO 2023051636A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cup
acetabular cup
liner
cup body
section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/122243
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐寒冬
黄智�
陈夕辉
单存清
贺达
苏能
马世骧
Original Assignee
武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202111142267.0A external-priority patent/CN113730043B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202210572103.XA external-priority patent/CN117159236A/zh
Application filed by 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司 filed Critical 武汉联影智融医疗科技有限公司
Publication of WO2023051636A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023051636A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/34—Acetabular cups

Definitions

  • This specification relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to an acetabular cup.
  • the acetabular cup is one of the most widely used prostheses in hip replacement surgery. After the acetabular cup is placed in the human body, it needs to be fixed with other structures (such as bones, liners, etc.) to ensure the stable fixation and stable use of the acetabular cup.
  • the embodiment of this specification provides an acetabular cup, which includes a cup body and a mounting structure arranged on the cup body, the cup body is hemispherical, and the acetabular cup passes through the mounting structure and other structures connect.
  • the installation structure includes a plurality of installation holes and a plug provided in at least one of the plurality of installation holes, the installation hole is opened on the cup body and runs through the cup body , the cup is connected to the bone through the mounting hole;
  • the plug includes a body and at least two connecting members, and the at least two connecting members are arranged at intervals around the body;
  • the connecting member includes at least one The first connecting piece, the first connecting piece includes a first end and a second end, the first end is connected to the outer surface of the body in the circumferential direction, and the second end is connected to the The hole wall of the installation hole; wherein, the distance between the first connecting member pointing from the first end to the second end and the inner normal line of the cup at the axis of the installation hole
  • the included angle is an acute angle.
  • the width of the first end of the first connecting member is greater than the width of the second end.
  • the width of the first end is 750 ⁇ m-4500 ⁇ m, and the width of the second end is 150 ⁇ m-300 ⁇ m.
  • the ratio of the width of the first end portion to the width of the second end portion is 5-15.
  • the width of the first connecting member gradually decreases along the direction from the first end to the second end.
  • the thickness of the first end of the first connecting member is not smaller than the thickness of the second end.
  • the first end portion has a thickness of 1mm-2mm, and the second end portion has a thickness of 0.8mm-1mm.
  • the ratio of the thickness of the first end portion to the thickness of the second end portion is 1-2.
  • the thickness of the first connecting member gradually decreases along the direction from the first end to the second end.
  • the connecting member further includes at least one second connecting piece, each of the second connecting pieces includes a third end portion and a fourth end portion oppositely disposed, and the third end portion is connected to the The outer surface of the main body along the circumferential direction, the fourth end is connected to the hole wall of the installation hole; the second connecting piece points from the third end to the direction of the fourth end and the installation The axial direction of the hole is vertical; the second connecting piece and the first connecting piece are arranged at intervals in the axial direction of the installation hole.
  • the volume ratio is 4-8.
  • a groove is formed on the hole wall of the installation hole, and the groove is used for accommodating the second end of the first connecting part and/or the fourth end of the second connecting part department.
  • the second end of the first connector is provided with a first constriction, and the second end is connected to the hole wall of the installation hole through the first constriction.
  • the width of the second end is greater than the maximum width of the first constriction; and/or, the fourth end of the second connector is provided with a second constriction, and the first The four ends are connected to the hole wall of the installation hole through the second constriction, and the width of the fourth end is greater than the maximum width of the second constriction; the first constriction and /or the second constricted portion is accommodated in the groove.
  • At least one of the two end faces of the first connecting member along the axial ends of the installation hole is configured as an arc surface; and/or, the second connection Among the two end surfaces of the component along the axial ends of the installation hole, at least one of the side surfaces is configured as an arc surface.
  • one of the end faces close to the concave surface of the cup body is configured as a convex shape; and/ Or, among the two end faces of the first connecting member along the axial ends of the installation hole, one of the end faces facing the convex surface of the cup body is configured as a concave surface; and/or, the first Among the two end faces of the two connecting parts along the axial ends of the installation hole, one of the end faces close to the concave surface of the cup is configured as a convex shape; and/or, the second connecting part is configured along the Of the two end surfaces at both ends in the axial direction of the mounting hole, one of the end surfaces facing the convex surface of the cup is formed in a concave shape.
  • the cup body includes a base, a first porous layer and a second porous layer; the porosity of the first porous layer and the porosity of the second porous layer are greater than the The porosity of the matrix; at least part of the matrix and the first porous layer are stacked in the axial direction of the installation hole, and the first porous layer is located on the convex surface of the cup body, and the second porous layer The hole layer is located on the side of the plug close to the convex surface of the cup body.
  • the porosity of the first porous layer and the second porous layer is 20%-80%.
  • annular spacer is provided between the first porous layer and the second porous layer.
  • the cup body has a cup inner surface and a cup outer surface defining an inner space, and a cup end surface connecting the cup inner surface and the cup outer surface, and the cup inner surface defines an inner space;
  • the acetabular cup also includes a hemispherical liner, the liner is installed in the inner space, and the liner has an outer surface of the liner;
  • the installation structure includes a recess and a protrusion, and the recess The portion is formed on the end surface of the cup body and the inner surface of the cup, and a first locking portion is provided on the side of the recessed portion; the protruding portion is provided on the outer surface of the gasket, and the protruding portion
  • a second locking part is provided on the side of The locking part cooperates to realize the position limitation between the liner and the cup along the axial direction of the cup.
  • the gasket further includes an inner surface of the gasket, and an end surface of the gasket connecting the inner surface of the gasket and the outer surface of the gasket, and the protrusion is formed on the end surface of the gasket and extend on the outer surface of the liner.
  • the first locking portion comprises a concave section
  • the second locking portion is a convex section
  • the concave section and the convex section cooperate to define the liner and the cup.
  • the second locking part further includes a first guiding section, and the first guiding section is provided on the side of the protruding part at a position adjacent to the concave section; the first locking part also Including a second guide section, the second guide section is provided on the side of the recessed portion adjacent to the end surface of the cup body; the second guide section can cooperate with the first guide section to guide the The protruding section snaps into the concave section.
  • the concave section includes a first flat section
  • the convex section includes a second flat section
  • the first flat section Fitting with the second plane segment
  • the convex section further includes a first elliptical arc segment connected to the second planar segment, and the concave segment further includes a third elliptical arc segment fitted with the first elliptical arc segment Arc segment: the curvature radius of the first elliptical arc segment gradually increases from the second plane segment, and the ratio of the minimum curvature radius to the maximum curvature radius of the first elliptical arc segment is 0.3-0.6.
  • the inner surface of the cup is provided with a first anti-rotation part
  • the outer surface of the liner is provided with a second anti-rotation part; when the liner is installed in the inner space of the cup body, The first anti-rotation portion cooperates with the second anti-rotation portion to limit circumferential movement of the cup between the liner and the cup.
  • one of the first anti-rotation portion and the second anti-rotation portion includes a plurality of anti-rotation grooves, and the other of the first anti-rotation portion and the second anti-rotation portion One includes a plurality of anti-rotation protrusions.
  • the number of the recesses is multiple, and the plurality of recesses are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the cup; the plurality of anti-rotation recesses provided on the inner surface of the cup The grooves are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the inner surface of the cup, or the plurality of anti-rotation grooves provided on the outer surface of the liner are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the outer surface of the liner.
  • the number of the depressions is an integer multiple of the number of the anti-rotation grooves.
  • both the anti-rotation groove and the anti-rotation protrusion are arranged in an arc shape.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of this specification;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure at the installation hole in the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of the present specification
  • Fig. 4 is the sectional view along B-B line of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of A place in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 6a is a schematic diagram of another structure of the hole plug in the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of the present specification.
  • Figure 6b is a sectional view along line C-C of Figure 6a;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the plugging hole in the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of the present specification.
  • Fig. 8a is a schematic diagram of another structure of the hole plug in the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of the present specification.
  • Figure 8b is a sectional view along the D-D line of Figure 8a;
  • Fig. 9a is a schematic diagram of another structure of the hole plug in the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of the present specification.
  • Figure 9b is a sectional view along the E-E line of Figure 9a;
  • Fig. 10a is a schematic diagram of another structure of the hole plug in the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of the present specification.
  • Fig. 10b is a schematic diagram of another structure of the hole plug in the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of the present specification.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of an acetabular cup provided by other embodiments of the present specification.
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an acetabular cup provided by other embodiments of the present specification.
  • Figure 13a is a schematic view of the structure at A in Figure 12;
  • Fig. 13b is a schematic structural view at B in Fig. 12;
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the gasket provided by some embodiments of this specification.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a cup body provided by some embodiments of the present specification.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features.
  • the features defined as “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.
  • “plurality” means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • connection In this specification, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection”, “fixation” and other terms should be interpreted in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise specified limit. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this specification according to specific situations.
  • a first feature being “on” or “under” a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are indirect through an intermediary. touch.
  • “above”, “above” and “above” the first feature on the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature.
  • “Below”, “beneath” and “beneath” the first feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontally than the second feature.
  • the acetabular cup 100 is used as a prosthesis in hip replacement surgery to repair the hip joint.
  • the hip joint is the joint that connects the thighbone of the human body with the hipbone of the pelvis.
  • the bones that make up the hip joint are divided into two parts: the part connected to the trunk is called the “acetabulum”, which is a similar circular “socket”; the part connected to the thigh bone is called the “femoral head”, which is a similar circular socket. "ball”.
  • These two parts form a movable "ball-and-socket” joint, the hip joint, which is the largest weight-bearing joint in our body and meets our needs for standing, walking and exercising.
  • the acetabular cup 100 is a hemispherical shell, and the acetabular cup 100 is a prosthesis capable of replacing the "acetabulum".
  • the material of the acetabular cup 100 may be metal (such as titanium alloy).
  • the outer surface of the acetabular cup 100 is substantially conformed to the bone of the acetabular socket, and the acetabular cup 100 needs to be fixed with the human bone.
  • the inner surface of the acetabular cup 100 substantially conforms to the liner, and the acetabular cup 100 needs to be fixed to the liner.
  • the liner is also a hemispherical shell. The outer surface of liner fits with the inner surface of acetabular cup 100 and acetabular cup 100, and the inner surface of liner is very smooth, and the femoral head is located in the liner and cooperates with the inner surface of liner.
  • the material of the liner can be polymer (such as plastic), ceramic (such as bioceramic), metal and so on.
  • an acetabular cup 100 may include a cup body 10 and a mounting structure 110 at least partially disposed on the cup body 10 .
  • the cup body 10 has a hemispherical shape, and the acetabular cup 100 is connected with other structures through the installation structure 110 .
  • the installation structure may include a through-hole structure (for example, may include the installation hole 11 provided on the cup body 10 as shown in Fig. 2-10b).
  • the installation structure may include a groove structure (for example, may include a concave portion 1112 provided on the cup body 1110 as shown in FIGS. 11-15 ).
  • the acetabular cup 100 can be connected to the human bone via the mounting structure 110 .
  • the acetabular cup 100 can be connected to human bones through mounting holes 11 and screws.
  • the acetabular cup 100 can be attached to the liner via the mounting structure 110 .
  • the acetabular cup 100 may be coupled to the liner 1120 via the recessed portion 1112 and the raised portion 1121 .
  • the plug may include a body and a connector, wherein two ends of the connector are respectively connected to the body and the wall of the screw hole, so that the plug is disposed in the screw hole.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of this specification
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure at the mounting hole in the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of this specification
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view along line B-B of Fig. 3
  • FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of A in FIG. 3 . The following description will be made in conjunction with Figs. 1-5.
  • the installation structure may include a plurality of installation holes 11 and a plug 20 disposed in at least one of the plurality of installation holes 11 .
  • the cup body 10 is hemispherical.
  • the mounting hole 11 is opened on the cup body 10 and runs through the cup body 10 , and the cup body 10 is connected to the bone through the mounting hole 11 .
  • the cup body 10 is connected to the bone through the mounting hole 11 .
  • the plug 20 includes a body 21 and at least two connecting members 30 arranged at intervals around the body 21 .
  • the connecting member 30 includes at least one first connecting piece 31, each first connecting piece 31 includes a first end portion 311 and a second end portion 312 oppositely disposed, the first end portion 311 is connected to the outer surface of the body 21 along the circumferential direction, The second end portion 312 is connected to the hole wall of the installation hole 11 .
  • the angle ⁇ between the direction Z from the first end 311 to the second end 312 of the first connecting member 31 and the inner normal of the cup body 10 at the axis of the mounting hole 11 is an acute angle.
  • the axial direction O of the installation hole 11 is parallel to the normal line of the cup body 10 at the axis of the installation hole 11 . That is to say, the line connecting the first end portion 311 and the second end portion 312 of the first connecting member 31 is not parallel to the axis O of the installation hole. At this time, the positions of the first end portion 311 and the second end portion 312 in the axial direction 0 of the installation hole 11 are not facing each other, but are staggered from each other.
  • the direction Z of the first connecting member 31 from the first end 311 to the second end 312 may, for example, refer to the approximate center of the first end 311 of the first connecting member 31 pointing to the approximate center of the second end 312 The direction of the location.
  • the direction Z from the first end 311 to the second end 312 of the first connecting member 31 is set at an acute angle to the axial direction O of the installation hole, specifically referring to the first connecting member 31 pointing from the first end 311 to the second end
  • the included angle ⁇ between the direction Z of 312 and the axial direction O of the mounting hole is an acute angle.
  • the main body 21 can be passed through the second A connecting piece 31 is arranged in the installation hole 11, since the first connecting piece 31 is directed from the first end 311 to the direction Z of the second end 312 and the inner normal line of the cup body 10 at the axis of the installation hole 11 is formed Acute angle setting, when the acetabular cup 100 is subjected to an external extrusion force, the extrusion force is easily decomposed into a force along the axial direction O of the installation hole 11 and a force along the radial direction of the installation hole 11, which is different from the first end 311 and the second end 311.
  • the radial force toward the mounting hole 11 becomes smaller, which increases the anti-extrusion capability of the acetabular cup 100, and enhances the strength of the connecting member, thus reducing The probability that the hole plug 20 falls off is reduced, and the safety of the acetabular cup 100 is enhanced.
  • the included angle ⁇ may be in the range of 30°-60°. In some embodiments, the included angle ⁇ may be in the range of 45°-60°.
  • the cup body 10 is the main part of the acetabular cup 100, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4, it can be roughly configured as a hemispherical shape, the hemispherical cup body 10 can include a convex surface 12 and a concave surface 13, the concave surface 13 is a cup
  • the body 10 is the surface facing the user's femur side, and the convex surface 12 is the surface facing away from the femur side.
  • the outer contour shape of the cup body 10 can be formed into a hemispherical shape as shown in FIG. 2 , and can also be selected as another shape (such as an arc shape) according to actual needs. As shown in FIG.
  • the second end portion 312 is closer to the concave surface 13 than the first end portion 311 .
  • the plug 20 is subjected to a pressing force from the convex surface 12 toward the concave surface 13 . That is to say, the direction of the pressing force is substantially parallel to the normal direction of the cup body 10 at the axis of the mounting hole 11 .
  • the first connecting member 31 in the embodiment of the present specification can provide high extrusion resistance, so that the plug 20 will not fall off during the implantation of the acetabular cup 100 into the human body.
  • the acetabular cup 100 in some embodiments of this specification adopts a 3D printed integrated structure, that is, the cup body 10 and the plug 20 can be integrally formed by 3D printing technology, which reduces the cost of processing the plug 20 separately.
  • a plurality of mounting holes 11 passing through the cup body 10 may be opened on the cup body 10 , and a plug 20 is provided in the mounting holes 11 .
  • screws can be used to fix the acetabular cup 100 prosthesis.
  • a plurality of installation holes 11 can be preset on the wall of the acetabular cup 100, and the doctor can choose the position of implanting the screw according to the patient's condition, and for the installation holes 11 that do not perform screw implantation, generally the screw can be placed in the installation hole 11.
  • a plugging plug 20 is set to plug the hole.
  • each mounting hole 11 is provided with a plugging plug 20, or part of the mounting holes 11 is provided with a plugging plug 20. In this embodiment, part of the mounting holes 11 is provided with a plugging plug 20. Take this as an example.
  • the plug 20 includes a body 21 and at least two connecting members 30 , and the at least two connecting members 30 are arranged around the center of the body 21 .
  • the number of connecting members 30 is at least two (the embodiment shown in Figure 10a), and can also be set to multiple according to actual needs.
  • the number of connecting members 30 is 3, and 3 connecting members 30 are arranged at equal intervals around the axial direction O of the mounting hole as an example for illustration.
  • the situation is similar to this for the case where the number of connecting members 30 is other and the arrangement is other, and will not be repeated here. repeat.
  • each connecting member 30 when the connecting members 30 are arranged at equal intervals around the axial direction O of the mounting hole, when the plug 20 is removed with a tool, the external force on each connecting member 30 can be relatively uniform, which is convenient for each connecting member. 30 break at the same time.
  • each connecting member 30 includes at least one first connecting piece 31 . That is to say, the number of the first connecting member 31 can be one, two, three and so on. In this embodiment, each connecting member 30 includes one first connecting piece 31 as an example for illustration, and the case where the number of first connecting pieces 31 included in each connecting member 30 is other is similar, and will not be repeated here.
  • the width of the first end portion 311 of the first connecting member 31 is greater than the width of the second end portion 312 .
  • the width of the first end portion 311 of the first connecting member 31 refers to the dimension h1 of the first end portion 311 of the first connecting member 31 in the tangential direction of the outer surface of the body 21 of the plugging plug 20, the first The width of the second end portion 312 of the connecting member 31 refers to a dimension h2 of the second end portion 312 of the first connecting member 31 in the tangential direction of the inner surface of the mounting hole 11 .
  • h1>h2 is satisfied. It can be understood that the width of the first end portion 311 refers to the width of the position closest to the body of the plug 20 .
  • the width of the second end portion 312 may refer to the width of the position closest to the hole wall of the installation hole 11 .
  • the width of the first end portion 311 of the first connecting member 31 is greater than the width of the second end portion 312 , so that the broken parts of the first connecting member 31 can be more easily concentrated at the second end portion 312 .
  • the first connecting part 31 and the second end 312 are increased.
  • connection strength of the main body 21 relatively weakens the connection strength between the first connecting piece 31 and the wall of the installation hole 11 at the same time, and the parts where the fracture occurs will be concentrated on the second end 312 with a relatively weak connection, which can effectively avoid the fracture part Concentrate on the first end portion 311 to avoid the situation that the first connecting piece 31 is connected to the wall of the installation hole 11 as a whole after being broken.
  • the width of the first connecting member 31 gradually decreases along the direction from the first end 311 to the second end 312, so that the first connecting member 31 in Fig. 5 angle of view, that is, it is roughly trapezoidal in cross-section when viewed from above, which can increase the anti-extrusion ability of the plug 20 while reducing the torsion resistance of the plug 20, which is convenient for the operator to twist and remove the plug 20 while increasing the plugging capacity.
  • the width of the first end portion 311 may be 750 ⁇ m-4500 ⁇ m, and the width of the second end portion 312 may be 150 ⁇ m-300 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the ratio of the width of the first end portion 311 to the width of the second end portion 312 is 2-15. In some embodiments, the ratio of the width of the first end portion 311 to the width of the second end portion 312 is 5-15.
  • the first connecting piece 30 By arranging the first connecting piece 30 according to the above-mentioned width value and size, it can not only ensure that the first connecting piece 31 is not easy to fall off during the installation of the acetabular cup 100, but also facilitate the operator to twist and remove the plug 20, and the first connecting piece The component 31 is not easy to remain on the hole wall of the installation hole 11 .
  • the thickness of the first end portion 311 of the first connecting member 31 is not smaller than the thickness of the second end portion 312 .
  • the thickness of the first end portion 311 of the first connecting member 31 refers to the dimension of the first end portion 311 in a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the first end portion 311
  • the thickness of the second end portion 312 of the first connecting member 31 refers to the dimension of the second end portion 312 in a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the second end portion 312 . It can be understood that the thickness of the first end portion 311 refers to the thickness of the position closest to the main body of the plug 20 .
  • the thickness of the second end portion 312 may refer to the thickness of the position closest to the hole wall of the installation hole 11 .
  • the thickness of the first end portion 311 of the first connecting member 31 is greater than the thickness of the second end portion 312 , so that the broken parts of the first connecting member 31 can be more easily concentrated on the second end portion 312 .
  • the first connecting part 31 and the second end 312 are increased.
  • connection strength of the main body 21 relatively weakens the connection strength between the first connecting piece 31 and the wall of the installation hole 11 at the same time, and the parts where the fracture occurs will be concentrated on the second end 312 with a relatively weak connection, which can effectively avoid the fracture part Concentrate on the first end portion 311 to avoid the situation that the first connecting piece 31 is connected to the wall of the installation hole 11 as a whole after being broken.
  • the thickness of the first end portion 311 is 1mm-2mm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the second end portion 312 is 0.8mm-1mm. In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the first end portion 311 to the thickness of the second end portion 312 is 1-2. In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the first end portion 311 to the thickness of the second end portion 312 is 1.2-2.
  • the area of the cross-section of the first end portion 311 along the direction perpendicular to the length of the first end portion 311 may be 1 mm 2 -2 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the area of the cross section of the second end portion 312 along the direction perpendicular to the length of the second end portion 312 may be 0.2 mm 2 -0.5 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the ratio of the area of the cross section of the first end 311 along the length direction perpendicular to the first end 311 to the area of the cross section of the second end 312 along the length direction perpendicular to the second end 312 Can be 2-10.
  • the ratio of the area of the cross section of the first end 311 along the length direction perpendicular to the first end 311 to the area of the cross section of the second end 312 along the length direction perpendicular to the second end 312 Can be 4-5.
  • the thickness of the first connecting member 31 gradually decreases along the direction from the first end 311 to the second end 312, so that the first connecting member 31 has a substantially trapezoidal cross-section in side view, so that The anti-extrusion capability of the plug 20 is increased while the anti-twist capability of the plug 20 is reduced, which is convenient for the operator to twist and remove the plug 20 while increasing the stability of the plug 20 during service.
  • the connecting member 30 may also include at least one second connecting piece 32.
  • the number of the second connecting pieces 32 corresponding to each mounting hole 11 may be the same or different.
  • each connecting member 30 includes one The second connecting member 32 is taken as an example for illustration, and the situation is similar to other cases where the number of second connecting members 32 is different, and details are not repeated here.
  • each second connector 32 includes a third end portion 321 and a fourth end portion 322 oppositely disposed, the third end portion 321 is connected to the outer surface of the body 21 along the circumferential direction, and the fourth end portion 322 is connected to The hole wall of the mounting hole 11.
  • the direction from the third end 321 to the fourth end 322 of the second connecting member 32 is perpendicular to the axial direction O of the mounting hole, and the second connecting member 32 and the first connecting member 31 are arranged at intervals in the axial direction O of the mounting hole .
  • there is a space 323 between the second connecting member 32 and the first connecting member 31 that is, the connecting member 30 has a hollow structure inside. Setting the connecting member 30 as two spaced apart first connecting pieces 31 and second connecting pieces 32 can further increase the extrusion resistance of the connecting member 30 and reduce the torsion resistance of the plug 20 .
  • the ratio of the sum of the volumes of the first connecting member 31 , the second connecting member 32 and the space 323 to the volume of the space 323 may be 4-8. In some embodiments, the ratio of the sum of the volumes of the first connecting member 31 , the second connecting member 32 and the space 323 to the volume of the space 323 may be 4-7. In some embodiments, the ratio of the sum of the volumes of the first connecting member 31 , the second connecting member 32 and the space 323 to the volume of the space 323 may be 5-8. In some embodiments, the ratio of the sum of the volumes of the first connecting member 31 , the second connecting member 32 and the space 323 to the volume of the space 323 may be 5-7.
  • the ratio of the sum of the volumes of the first connecting member 31 , the second connecting member 32 and the space 323 to the volume of the space 323 may be 6. In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the first connecting member 31 , the second connecting member 32 and the space 323 may be 3:1:1.5.
  • the width of the third end portion 321 of the second connecting member 32 is greater than the width of the fourth end portion 322, wherein, The width of the third end portion 321 of the second connecting member 32 refers to the dimension of the third end portion 321 of the second connecting member 32 in the tangential direction of the outer surface of the body 21 of the plug 20, the second connecting member 32 The width of the fourth end portion 322 refers to the dimension of the fourth end portion 322 of the second connecting member 32 in the tangential direction of the inner surface of the installation hole 11 . It can be understood that the width of the third end portion 321 refers to the width of the position closest to the main body of the plug 20 . The width of the fourth end portion 322 may refer to the width of the position closest to the hole wall of the installation hole 11 .
  • the width of the second connecting member 32 gradually decreases along the direction from the third end 321 to the fourth end 322, so that the second connecting member 32 is approximately It has a trapezoidal cross-section, so that this design can increase the anti-extrusion capacity of the plug 20 while reducing the anti-twist capability of the plug 20, which is convenient for the operator to twist and remove the plug 20 while increasing the plug 20 during service. stability.
  • the width of the third end portion 321 may be 750 ⁇ m-4500 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the width of the fourth end portion 322 may be 150 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m. In some embodiments, the ratio of the width of the third end portion 321 to the width of the fourth end portion 322 may be 2-15. In some embodiments, the ratio of the width of the third end portion 321 to the width of the fourth end portion 322 may be 5-15.
  • the second connecting piece 32 By arranging the second connecting piece 32 according to the above-mentioned width value and size, it can not only ensure that the second connecting piece 32 is not easy to fall off during the installation of the acetabular cup 100, but also facilitate the operator to twist and remove the plug 20, and the second connection The part 32 is not easy to remain on the hole wall of the installation hole 11.
  • the thickness of the third end portion 321 of the second connecting member 32 is not less than the thickness of the fourth end portion 322 .
  • the thickness of the third end portion 321 of the second connecting member 32 refers to the dimension of the third end portion 321 in a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the third end portion 321
  • the thickness of the fourth end portion 322 of the second connecting member 32 refers to the dimension of the fourth end portion 322 in a direction perpendicular to the width direction of the fourth end portion 322 .
  • the thickness of the third end portion 321 refers to the width of the position closest to the body of the plug 20 .
  • the thickness of the fourth end portion 322 may refer to the width of the position closest to the hole wall of the installation hole 11 .
  • the thickness of the third end portion 321 is 0.5mm-1.5mm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the fourth end portion 322 is 0.5mm-0.7mm. In some embodiments, the ratio of the thickness of the third end portion 321 to the thickness of the fourth end portion 322 is 1-2.3. The effect of setting the thickness of the third end portion 321 and the fourth end portion 322 is similar to the effect of setting the thickness of the first end portion 311 and the second end portion 312 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the area of the cross section of the third end portion 321 along the direction perpendicular to the length of the third end portion 321 may be 1 mm 2 -1.5 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the area of the cross section of the fourth end portion 322 along the direction perpendicular to the length of the fourth end portion 322 may be 0.15 mm 2 -0.25 mm 2 . In some embodiments, the ratio of the area of the cross section of the third end portion 321 along the length direction perpendicular to the third end portion 321 to the area of the cross section of the fourth end portion 322 along the length direction perpendicular to the fourth end portion 322 Can be 4-10.
  • the ratio of the area of the cross section of the third end portion 321 along the length direction perpendicular to the third end portion 321 to the area of the cross section of the fourth end portion 322 along the length direction perpendicular to the fourth end portion 322 Can be 6-7.
  • the thickness of the second connecting member 32 decreases gradually along the direction from the third end 321 to the fourth end 322, so that the second connecting member 32 has a substantially trapezoidal cross-section in side view, so that The anti-extrusion capability of the plug 20 is increased while the anti-twist capability of the plug 20 is reduced, which is convenient for the operator to twist and remove the plug 20 while increasing the stability of the plug 20 during service.
  • a groove 50 is opened on the hole wall of the mounting hole 11 for accommodating the first connecting piece.
  • the groove 50 runs through the cup body 10 along the axial direction O of the installation hole, and may also be provided only at positions corresponding to the second end portion 312 and the fourth end portion 322 .
  • the depth of the groove 50 along the radial direction R of the installation hole may be 0.5 mm, and the dimension along the circumference of the installation hole 11 may be 2.0 mm.
  • At least one of the two end surfaces of the first connecting member 31 along the axial direction O of the installation hole may be configured as an arc surface.
  • at least one of the two end surfaces of the two ends of the second connecting member 32 along the axial direction O of the installation hole may be configured as an arc surface. This is beneficial to enhance the compression resistance of the first connecting part 31 and/or the second connecting part 32 .
  • one end face close to the concave surface 13 of the cup body 10, that is, the first end face 314 may be configured as a convex surface shape. This optimizes the stress on the first connecting piece 31 , so that the first connecting piece 31 has strong extrusion resistance but not strong torsion resistance.
  • one end surface facing the convex surface 12 of the cup body 10 that is, the second end surface 315 may be configured as a concave surface.
  • the first end surface 314 of the first connecting piece 31 is convex
  • the second end surface 315 is concave, so that the whole first connecting piece 31 can be bent toward the convex surface 12 of the cup body 10 as a whole.
  • the stress of the first connecting part 31 is further optimized, so that the first connecting part 31 has a strong ability to resist extrusion, but does not have a strong ability to resist torsion.
  • one end surface close to the concave surface 13 of the cup body 10 that is, the third end surface 316 may be configured as a convex shape.
  • one end facing the convex surface of the cup body 10 namely the fourth end surface 317 , may be configured as a concave shape.
  • the third end surface 316 of the second connecting member 32 is convex, and the fourth end surface 317 is concave, so that the second connecting member 32 can be bent toward the concave surface 13 of the cup body 10 as a whole.
  • the structure that the first connecting piece 31 is generally bent towards the convex surface 12 of the cup body 10 can further make the first connecting piece 31 and the second connecting piece 32 have a strong extrusion resistance, but do not have a strong resistance to extrusion. twisting ability.
  • the end face facing the concave surface 13 of the cup body 10 that is, the third end face 316 can be configured as Concave
  • the possible end face facing the convex surface 12 of the cup body 10 ie the fourth end face 317 is configured as a plane.
  • the second end portion 312 of the first connector 31 is also provided with a first constricted portion 313 , and the second end portion 312 is connected to the hole of the mounting hole 11 through the first constricted portion 313 On the wall; the fourth end 322 of the second connector 32 is provided with a second constriction (not shown), and the fourth end 322 is connected to the hole wall of the mounting hole 11 through the second constriction; the first Both the constricted portion 313 and the second constricted portion can be accommodated in the groove.
  • the width of the second end portion 312 is greater than the maximum width of the first constricted portion 313 .
  • the width of the first constricted portion 313 refers to the dimension in the tangential direction of the inner surface of the installation hole 11 of the first constricted portion 313 . In some embodiments, the width of the fourth end portion 322 is greater than the maximum width of the second constriction.
  • the width of the second constriction refers to the dimension in the tangential direction of the inner surface of the installation hole 11 of the second constriction. In some embodiments, both the first constricted portion 313 and/or the second constricted portion are accommodated in the groove 50 .
  • the first connecting member 31 Since the first connecting member 31 has a local size reduction in the first constricted portion 313 , the first constricted portion 313 forms a stress concentration structure, so when the hole plug 20 is twisted, torsional fracture is more likely to occur.
  • the second constriction forms a stress concentration structure, and both the second constriction and the first constriction 313 are located in the installation hole 11 One side of the hole wall, so that when the hole plug 20 is twisted, torsional fracture is more likely to occur.
  • the dimension of the first constricted portion 313 along the radial direction of the installation hole 11 may be 350 ⁇ m, and the dimension of the first constricted portion 313 along the tangential direction may be 150 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m.
  • the size of the first constricted portion 313 can effectively reduce the torsion resistance of the connecting rod and improve the operability of torsion removal.
  • the width of the second end portion 312 may be 8-12 times the maximum width of the first constricted portion 313 . In some embodiments, the width of the second end portion 312 may be 10 times the maximum width of the first constricted portion 313. In some embodiments, the width of the fourth end portion 322 may be 8-12 times the maximum width of the second constricted portion. In some embodiments, the width of the fourth end portion 322 may be 10 times the maximum width of the second constriction.
  • the cup body 10 may also include a base 101, a first porous layer 102a, and a second porous layer 102b on the axial direction O of the installation hole; the first porous layer 102a Both the porosity of the second porous layer 102b and the porosity of the second porous layer 102b are greater than the porosity of the matrix 101. At least part of the substrate 101 and the first porous layer 102a are stacked in the axial direction of the installation hole 11, and the first porous layer 102a is located on the convex surface 12 of the cup body 10, and the second porous layer 102b is located on the side of the plug 20. On the side close to the convex surface 12 of the cup body 10 .
  • the arrangement of the first porous layer 102a and the second porous layer 102b can increase the bone ingrowth area and increase the stability of the cup body 10 .
  • the porosity of the first porous layer 102a and the second porous layer 102b may be 20%-80%.
  • the contact area between the cup body 10 and the bone can be effectively increased, that is, the early fixation can be realized through the press fit between the acetabular cup 100 and the bone, and the long-term fixation can be realized through bone ingrowth.
  • the thickness of the first porous layer 102a and the second porous layer 102b may be approximately 0.5 mm.
  • the base 101 of the first porous layer 102a may be hemispherical, and the first porous layer 102a covers the base 101, and the first porous layer 102a is also hemispherical.
  • An annular spacer 324 is provided between the second porous layer 102b and the first porous layer 102a. In this way, when the operator twists the body 21 , due to the existence of the annular space 324 , the hole wall of the mounting hole 11 will not affect the twisting of the body 21 .
  • the hole plug 20 needs to be plugged, the bone tissue can also enter into the hole wall of the installation hole 11 along the annular space 324 to increase the stability of the connection.
  • the gap of the annular space 324 may be 0.2mm.
  • the cup body 10 can be processed by 3D printing technology. For example, a three-dimensional model of the cup body 10 can be established first, on which the porosity of the matrix 101, the first porous layer 102a and the second porous layer 102b can be conveniently set and adjusted, and then printed out using a 3D printing device. Cup body 10.
  • the side of the plug 20 facing the concave surface 13 can also be provided with a hexagonal connection hole 325, which is used to connect with an external connection tool, such as a hexagonal screwdriver. , the operator can insert an external screwdriver into the connection hole 325 to twist and remove the plug 20 before the operation.
  • the connection hole 325 may also be provided with a chamfer to facilitate the insertion of a screwdriver.
  • the inventors have carried out anti-extrusion and anti-torsion tests on the acetabular cups shown in Figures 2 to 5, and the test results have proved that, in the extrusion destructive force When it is greater than 800N, the plug will fall off from the cup body; and when the plug is removed by twisting, the plug can be twisted and removed from the acetabular cup when the torque reaches 3N m, which shows that some embodiments of this specification
  • the acetabular cup has better anti-extrusion performance, and the plug can be easily removed by twisting.
  • the connecting member 30 (such as the first connecting member 31 and/or the second connecting member 32 ) can use anisotropic material.
  • force simulation analysis can be carried out based on the structure of the acetabular cup and the stress situation during use of the acetabular cup, so as to analyze the direction of the connecting member 30 in different directions (such as the axial direction O and the radial direction R of the mounting hole 11). ), and then carry out mechanical performance (such as stiffness, plasticity, toughness, strength, hardness and fatigue strength) design on the connector 30 according to the stress situation.
  • Fig. 6a is a schematic diagram of another structure of the plug in the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of the present specification
  • Fig. 6b is a cross-sectional view along line C-C of Fig. 6a
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the plug in the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of the present specification
  • Figure 8a is a schematic diagram of another structure of the plug in the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of the specification
  • Figure 8b is a cross-sectional view along the D-D line of Figure 8a
  • Figure 9a is a schematic diagram of another structure of the acetabular cup plug provided by some embodiments of the present specification
  • Figure 9b is a cross-sectional view along the E-E line of Figure 9a
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the plug in the acetabular cup provided by some embodiments of the present specification
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the plug in the acetabular cup provided by
  • the connecting member 202 in the plugging plug 201 forms an integral structure, which can further improve the compression resistance of the plugging plug 201 .
  • the connecting member 204 in the plug 203 has an included angle with the radial direction of the installation hole 11 , that is, the connecting member 204 is arranged obliquely relative to the radial direction of the installation hole 11 .
  • the first connecting piece and the second connecting piece included in the connecting member 204 may be arranged obliquely relative to the radial direction of the installation hole 11 .
  • the connecting member 206 in the plugging plug 205 includes only one first connecting piece 211 , which can further reduce the torsion resistance of the plugging plug 205 .
  • the connecting member 208 in the plug 207 only includes three first connecting pieces 212 , which can further improve the compression resistance of the plug 207 .
  • the number of connecting members 210 in the plug 209 may be two or four.
  • beneficial effects that can be achieved by some of the aforementioned embodiments include but are not limited to: by connecting the first end of the first connector of the plug to the outer surface of the body along the circumferential direction, and the second end to the wall of the installation hole Above, the body of the hole plug can be set in the mounting hole through the first connecting piece.
  • the acetabular When the cup is subjected to an external extrusion force, the extrusion force is easily decomposed into a force along the axial direction of the installation hole and a force along the radial direction of the installation hole, which is compared with the scheme in which the first end and the second end are located directly , the radial force toward the mounting hole becomes smaller, which increases the anti-extrusion ability of the acetabular cup and enhances the strength of the connecting member, thus reducing the chance of plugging off the hole and enhancing the safety of the acetabular cup .
  • the acetabular cup and the liner are generally fixed by means of engagement, so as to ensure that the outer surface of the liner fits with the inner surface of the acetabular cup.
  • one of the acetabular cup and liner is provided with a protrusion and the other is provided with a recess.
  • a first locking part may be provided on the concave part, and a second locking part may be provided on the protruding part, so that after the protruding part is put into the concave part, the first locking part and the second locking part are locked together, so that the acetabulum The position between the cup and the liner is relatively fixed, and the two can not be separated.
  • the concave part is provided on the cup body. Since the cup body is supported by machining, the concave part is provided on the inner surface of the cup body and close to the bottom surface of the cup body for the convenience of processing. For example, the distance between the concave portion and the bottom surface of the cup may be less than 1/2 of the depth of the cup. This will lead to poor compressive performance of the recessed part and shorten the service life of the cup body. In addition, it will also lead to a contact area between the recessed part and the raised part, reducing the connection strength between the two.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of an acetabular cup provided by other embodiments of this specification
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of an acetabular cup provided by another embodiment of this specification
  • Fig. 13a is a schematic structural view of A in Fig. 12
  • Fig. 13b is a schematic structural diagram at B in FIG. 12
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a liner provided by some embodiments of this specification
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a cup body provided by some embodiments of this specification. The following description will be made in conjunction with Figures 11-15.
  • some embodiments of this specification provide an acetabular cup 1100 , which is used in hip joint replacement surgery, and is mainly used for hip replacement of human body with acetabular problems.
  • the specification provides an acetabular cup 1100 including a cup body 1110 and a mounting structure provided on the cup body 1110.
  • the cup body 1110 is hemispherical, and the acetabular cup 1100 is connected to other structures through the mounting structure.
  • the cup body 1110 has a cup inner surface 1114 defining an inner space, a cup outer surface 1113 defining an outer surface, and a cup end surface 1111 connecting the cup inner surface 1114 and the cup outer surface 1113 .
  • a cup inner surface 1114 defining an inner space
  • a cup outer surface 1113 defining an outer surface
  • a cup end surface 1111 connecting the cup inner surface 1114 and the cup outer surface 1113 .
  • the acetabular cup 1100 can include a liner 1120 that fits within the interior space defined by the cup inner surface 1114, and the liner 1120 can include a liner outer surface 1122 that defines an outer surface.
  • the pad 1120 may include a pad inner surface, and a pad end surface 1123 connecting the pad inner surface and the pad outer surface 1122 .
  • the mounting structure includes a concave portion 1112 and a protruding portion 1121 .
  • the concave portion 1112 is formed on the end surface 1111 of the cup body and on the inner surface 1114 of the cup body. That is to say, there are openings of the recessed portion 1112 on both the cup body end face 1111 and the cup inner surface 1114, and the recessed portion 1112 is recessed downward from the cup body end face 1111, and is recessed from the inner inner surface 1114 toward the cup outer surface 1113.
  • the concave portion 1112 is formed adjacent to the end surface 1111 of the cup body.
  • a first locking portion 11121 is provided on a side of the recessed portion 1112 .
  • the protruding portion 1121 is disposed on the outer surface 1122 of the gasket. In some embodiments, a second locking portion 11211 is provided on a side of the protrusion 1121 .
  • the protruding part 1121 fits with the recessed part 1112, and through the cooperation of the first locking part 11121 and the second locking part 11211, the axial direction between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110 is realized. limit.
  • the compression resistance of the recessed part 1112 is enhanced, and the service life of the cup body 1110 is enhanced.
  • the contact area between the recessed part 1112 and the raised part 1121 is increased, and the connection strength between the recessed part 1112 and the raised part 1121 is enhanced.
  • the cup body 1110 can be manufactured by 3D printing technology, so as to process the recessed part 1112 on the end surface 1111 of the cup body more conveniently.
  • the gasket 1120 includes a gasket outer surface 1122 and a gasket inner surface 1124, and a gasket end surface 1123 connecting the gasket inner surface and the gasket outer surface 1122, the protrusion 1121 is formed on the gasket end surface 1123 and extending over the pad outer surface 1122 .
  • the raised portion 1121 may be formed adjacent to the pad end surface 112 .
  • the number of the depressions 1112 may be one or more.
  • the number 1121 of the protrusions 1121 may be one or more.
  • the number of the recesses 1112 and the protrusions 1121 may be the same, and the recesses 1112 and the protrusions 1121 may be provided in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the number of recesses 1112 may be greater than the number of protrusions 1121 .
  • the plurality of recesses 1112 when there are multiple recesses 1112 , the plurality of recesses 1112 may be arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the cup body 1110 . In some embodiments, when there are multiple protrusions 1121 , the plurality of protrusions 1121 may be arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the liner 1120 .
  • Some of the aforementioned embodiments set the second locking part 11211 on the protruding part 1121 and the first locking part 11121 on the recessed part 1112, so that before the second locking part 11211 and the first locking part 11121 cooperate with each other, the protruding part 1121 and the recessed part 1112 are aligned first, and then the second locking part 11211 and the first locking part 11121 are matched with each other, thus avoiding multiple alignments between the protruding part 1121 and the recessed part 1112, greatly reducing lining Assembly difficulty between pad 1120 and cup body 1110 .
  • the liner 1120 can be configured as a bearing acting on the ball of the femoral implant.
  • Cup 1110 and liner 1120 can be provided in various sizes to allow the surgeon to select the appropriate size based on the patient's anatomy.
  • the cup body 1110 can be adapted to the liner 1120 made of various materials.
  • the material of the liner can be ceramic liner, polymer (such as plastic), metal, and other suitable materials.
  • cup 1110 and liner 1120 may be constructed of any suitable material.
  • cup 1110 may be constructed of titanium alloy, cobalt chromium alloy, stainless steel, or other biocompatible materials such as polyether ether ketone.
  • Liner 1120 may be constructed of materials such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, highly cross-linked polyethylene, and polyethylene doped with vitamin E.
  • the outer cup surface 1113 of the cup body 1110 may be coated with a coating that improves bony ingrowth or improves retention of the shell in the acetabulum.
  • the coating can be a porous coating, a sintered metal coating, a vapor deposited metal coating, a thermally sprayed metal coating, or be chemically etched.
  • Both the cup body 1110 and the liner 1120 may be in a hemispherical shape, and the inner surface of the cup body 1110 may be in close contact with the outer surface of the liner 1120 .
  • the cup body 1110 is in a hemispherical shape with an accommodating space inside
  • the liner 1120 is in a hemispherical shape capable of being accommodated in the body.
  • the cup body 1110 and the liner 1120 are arranged in a hemispherical shape, which can better imitate the hip joint of the human body, so as to better match the hip joint of the human body.
  • the protrusions 1121 on the liner 1120 are aligned with the recesses 1112 on the cup body 1110 in sequence, and then the liner 1120 is assembled in the cup inner surface 1114 of the cup body 1110 , and the protrusions 1121 Concave-convex cooperation with the recessed part 1112 realizes the assembly between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110; 1112 is also arranged at the same interval on the end surface 1111 of the cup body, so when the convex part 1121 falls into the concave part 1112 and the concave-convex fits, the circumferential limit can also be realized between the cup body 1110 and the liner 1120, that is, the liner 1120 cannot rotate relative to the circumferential direction of the cup body 1110 .
  • the first locking portion 11121 includes a protruding section 111211 protruding toward the cup body 1110 .
  • the second locking portion 11211 includes a concave section 112111 that is concave toward the cup body 1110 .
  • the concave section 112111 and the convex section 111211 cooperate with each other to limit the axial movement between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110 .
  • the protruding section 111211 is not limited to be disposed on the concave portion 1112
  • the concave portion 112111 is not limited to be disposed on the protruding portion 1121 .
  • the second locking portion 11211 includes a convex section 111211 that protrudes toward the direction away from the cup body 1110
  • the first locking portion 11121 includes a concave section 112111 that is concave toward the direction away from the cup body 1110
  • the concave section 112111 and
  • the protruding sections 111211 cooperate with each other to realize the axial limitation between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110 .
  • the cooperation mode of the protruding section 111211 and the concave section 112111 is the same as that of the above-mentioned embodiment, and will not be repeated here.
  • the concave segment 112111 includes a first planar segment 112111a (as shown in FIG. 13b); on the first locking portion 11121, the protruding segment 111211 includes a second planar segment 111211a (as shown in Figure 13a).
  • the protruding section 111211 is snapped into the concave section 112111 and the two are concave-convex matched with each other, the first plane section 112111a and the second plane section 111211a are in close contact with each other.
  • the face-to-face fit will enhance the fastness of the concave-convex fit between the convex section 111211 and the concave section 112111, and prevent the convex section 111211 and the concave section 112111 from separating from each other, thereby causing the liner 1120 to fall off from the cup body 1110, enhancing The clamping strength between the concave section 112111 and the convex section 111211 is improved.
  • the raised segment 111211 further includes a first elliptical arc segment 111211b connected to the second planar segment 111211a.
  • the first elliptical arc segment 111211b is closer to the cup body end surface 1111 than the second planar segment 111211a.
  • the concave segment 112111 further includes a third elliptical arc segment 112111b for fitting with the first elliptical arc segment 111211b.
  • One end of the third elliptical arc segment 112111b is connected to the first plane segment 112111a.
  • the third elliptical arc segment 112111b is closer to the gasket end surface 1123 than the first planar segment 112111a.
  • the curvature radii of the corresponding parts (fitting parts) of the third circular arc segment 112111b and the first elliptical arc segment 111211b may be substantially the same.
  • the radius of curvature of the first elliptical arc segment 111211b increases gradually from the second plane segment 111211a, and the ratio of the minimum radius of curvature to the maximum radius of curvature is set to a first preset value, so that the second locking portion 11211 and the first locking portion 11121 Interlocking is more stable.
  • the first preset value is set between 0.3-0.6.
  • the ratio of the minimum radius of curvature to the maximum radius of curvature of the first elliptical arc segment 111211b can be set to 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 or 0.6, etc.; in some embodiments, the minimum radius of curvature and the maximum radius of curvature of the first elliptical arc segment 111211b The ratio is preferably set to 0.45; of course, in other embodiments, the ratio of the minimum curvature radius to the maximum curvature radius of the first ellipse arc segment 111211b can also be set to other values according to different situations.
  • the curvature of a plane curve is the rotation rate of the tangent direction angle to the arc length for a certain point on the curve, indicating the degree to which the curve deviates from a straight line. For curves, it is equal to the radius of the arc closest to the curve at that point. For surfaces, the radius of curvature is the radius of the circle that best fits the normal section or a combination thereof. The radius of curvature is mainly used to describe the degree of curvature change at a certain point on the curve.
  • the liner 1120 is a flexible structure with elasticity, so the ratio of the minimum curvature radius to the maximum curvature radius of the first ellipse arc segment 111211b can be set according to the elastic modulus of the liner 1120 .
  • the ratio of the minimum radius of curvature to the maximum radius of curvature of the first elliptical arc segment 111211b needs to be appropriately increased. big. For example, it can be 0.5-0.6.
  • the ratio of the minimum curvature radius to the maximum curvature radius of the first elliptical arc segment 111211b needs to be appropriately reduced. For example, it can be 0.3-0.4.
  • the elastic modulus of the material of the liner 1120 is small, the possibility of detachment between the convex section 111211 and the concave section 112111 will increase, so at this time the minimum curvature radius of the first elliptical arc section 111211b and The ratio of the largest radius of curvature.
  • the hardness of the liner 1120 is higher at this time, and the difficulty of pressing the convex section 111211 into the concave section 112111 will increase, so the first elliptical arc should be appropriately reduced
  • the ratio of the minimum radius of curvature to the maximum radius of curvature of segment 111211b facilitates a male-female fit between the male segment 111211 and the female segment 112111.
  • the ratio of the minimum radius of curvature to the maximum radius of curvature of the first ellipse arc segment 111211b is set within an appropriate range of 0.3-0.6, which can better match the elastic modulus of the gasket 1120 material. adapt.
  • the second locking portion 11211 further includes a first guide segment 112112 .
  • the first guiding section 112112 is disposed on a side of the protruding portion 1121 adjacent to the concave section 112111 .
  • the concave section 112111 may be located between the gasket end surface 1123 and the first guide section 112112 .
  • the first locking portion 11121 further includes a second guide section 111212 .
  • the second guide segment 111212 is disposed on the side of the recessed portion 1112 and adjacent to the end surface 1111 of the cup body.
  • the second guide section 111212 may be located between the end surface 1111 of the cup body and the raised section 111211 .
  • the second guide segment 111212 can cooperate with the first guide segment 112112 to guide the convex segment 111211 into the concave segment 112111 .
  • the second guiding section 111212 may be closer to the end surface 1111 of the cup than the protruding section 111211 .
  • the concave section 112111 may be closer to the pad end surface 1123 than the first guiding section 112112 .
  • the curvature of the second guiding section 111212 is greater than the curvature of the raised section 111211 .
  • the minimum curvature of the second guiding section 111212 is larger than the maximum curvature of the convex section 111211 .
  • the curvature of the first guide segment 112112 is greater than the curvature of the concave segment 112111 .
  • the minimum curvature of the first guide segment 112112 is greater than the maximum curvature of the concave segment 112111 .
  • the first guide segment 112112 cooperates with the second guide segment 111212 to facilitate the protrusion 1121 to snap into the recess 1112.
  • the curvature of the first guide segment 112112 and the second guide segment 111212 is relatively large, so that the recess 1112 and the protrusion 1121 Can be engaged smoothly.
  • the convex section 111211 and the concave section 112111 cooperate to prevent the concave part 1112 and the convex part 1121 from disengaging, and the curvature of the concave part 1112 and the convex part 1121 is small, which can ensure that the clamping of the concave part 1112 and the convex part 1121 is more stable .
  • the first guide segment 112112 includes a second elliptical arc segment 112112a and a rounded corner segment 112112b that are tangentially connected to each other.
  • the second elliptical arc segment 112112a is located at the end of the concave segment 112111 close to the cup body 1110 (away from the liner end surface 1123), and the two ends of the second elliptical arc segment 112112a are respectively connected to the first plane segment 112111a and the rounded corner segment 112112b.
  • the first planar segment 112111a is closer to the gasket end face 1123 than the rounded segment 112112b.
  • the radius of curvature of the second elliptical arc segment 112112a gradually increases from the first plane segment 112111a toward the rounded corner segment 112112b.
  • the second guide segment 111212 includes a chamfered segment 111212a and a guide arc segment 111212b connected to each other.
  • the chamfering section 111212a is arranged closer to the cup body end surface 1111 than the guiding arc section 111212b, and the two ends of the guiding arc section 111212b are respectively connected to the chamfering section 111212a and the first elliptical arc section 111211b.
  • the ratio of the minimum curvature radius to the maximum curvature radius of the second ellipse arc segment 112112a is a second preset value, so as to make the engagement between the second locking portion 11211 and the first locking portion 11121 more stable.
  • the second preset value is set between 0.1-0.2. That is, the ratio of the minimum curvature radius to the maximum curvature radius of the second ellipse arc segment 112112a can be set to 0.1, 0.12, 0.14, 0.16 or 0.2, etc. In some embodiments, the ratio of the minimum curvature radius to the maximum curvature radius of the second ellipse arc segment 112112a is preferably set to 0.16. Of course, in other embodiments, the ratio of the minimum curvature radius to the maximum curvature radius of the second ellipse arc segment 112112a can also be set to other values according to different situations.
  • the ratio of the minimum radius of curvature to the maximum radius of curvature of the second elliptical arc segment 112112a is set between 0.1-0.2, its principle and effect are the same as the ratio of the minimum curvature radius to the maximum curvature radius of the first ellipse arc segment 111211b Similarly, it is also to adapt to the elastic modulus of the material of the cup body 1110 , and the reasons for this will not be repeated here.
  • the second guide segment 111212 can cooperate with the first guide segment 112112 so that the guide protruding segment 111211 snaps into the concave segment 112111 .
  • the protruding part 1121 can quickly locate and align with the recessed part 1112 according to the chamfered section 111212a on the recessed part 1112, at this time the rounded corner section 112112b In contact with the chamfered section 111212a, after the positioning function of the chamfered section 111212a, the convex part 1121 on the liner 1120 is aligned with the concave part 1112 on the cup body 1110 in sequence, and at this time, the liner 1120 is gently put into the In the cup body 1110, the protruding part 1121 gently falls into the concave part 1112, and the rounded corner segment 112112b slides gently from the chamfered segment 111212a to the guiding
  • the second elliptical arc segment 112112a and the guiding arc The segments 111212b are in contact, and the guiding fit between the first guide segment 112112 and the second guide segment 111212 is ready for the protrusion segment 111211 to snap into the recess segment 112111.
  • first locking part 11121 and the second locking part 11211 in the above embodiment, it can not only ensure that the recessed part 1112 and the protruding part 1121 can be engaged smoothly, but also can ensure the locking of the recessed part 1112 and the protruding part 1121. connection is more stable.
  • both the cup body 1110 and the liner 1120 can use anisotropic materials.
  • Force simulation analysis can be carried out based on the structure of the recessed part 1112 and the protruding part 1121 and the stress conditions of the recessed part 1112 and the protruding part 1121 during use, so as to analyze the impact of the recessed part 1112 and the protruding part 1121 in different directions.
  • the mechanical properties such as stiffness, plasticity, toughness, strength, hardness and fatigue strength
  • the connector 30 are designed according to the stress situation.
  • one or more directions in which the depressed portion 1112 and the protruding portion 1121 are stressed can be analyzed, and then through material design, the depressed portion 1112 and the protruding portion 1121 can be placed in the one or more directions in which the stressed portion is relatively large. stronger.
  • first locking part 11121 and the second locking part 11211 may also include other structures, such as buckles and slots.
  • a first anti-rotation part 11141 is provided on the inner surface 1114 of the cup near the apex, and a second anti-rotation part 11221 is provided on the outer surface 1122 of the liner; when the liner 1120 is installed in the cup body 1110 At this time, the first anti-rotation part 11141 cooperates with the second anti-rotation part 11221 to limit the non-axial movement between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110 .
  • non-axial movement refers to movement in any direction other than the axial direction. Since the fit between the protrusion 1121 and the recess 1112 has restricted the axial movement between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110, the first anti-rotation part 11141 and the second anti-rotation part 11221 are provided with the protrusion 1121 The cooperation with the recessed part 1112 limits the movement between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110 in any direction, which enhances the firmness of the assembly between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110 .
  • one of the first anti-rotation portion 11141 and the second anti-rotation portion 11221 may include a plurality of anti-rotation grooves 111411, and the other of the first anti-rotation portion and the second anti-rotation portion 11221 may include Multiple anti-rotation protrusions 112211.
  • an anti-rotation groove 111411 is provided on the outer surface 1122 of the liner, and an anti-rotation protrusion 112211 corresponding to the anti-rotation groove 111411 is provided on the inner surface 1114 of the cup;
  • the protrusion 112211 is provided with an anti-rotation groove 111411 corresponding to the anti-rotation protrusion 112211 on the inner surface 1114 of the cup.
  • the anti-rotation protrusion 112211 cooperates with the anti-rotation groove 111411 when the liner 1120 is assembled in the cup body 1110 , so as to realize the circumferential limit between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110 .
  • the plurality of anti-rotation grooves 111411 disposed on the inner surface 1114 of the cup are arranged at regular intervals along the circumference of the inner surface 1114 of the cup.
  • the plurality of anti-rotation grooves 111411 provided on the outer surface 1122 of the gasket are arranged at equal intervals along the circumference of the outer surface 1122 of the gasket.
  • the number of anti-rotation protrusions 112211 can be set to one or more. It should be noted that when one anti-rotation protrusion 112211 is provided, the cross-sectional shape of the anti-rotation protrusion 112211 cannot be set to a shape similar to a circle that cannot limit the circumferential rotation between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110 .
  • the number of anti-rotation protrusions 112211 is not specifically limited, as long as the cooperation between the anti-rotation protrusions 112211 and the anti-rotation grooves 111411 can realize the circumferential limit between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110 .
  • the number of anti-rotation protrusions 112211 is preferably set to three. And the three anti-rotation protrusions 112211 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the center of the cup body 1110 .
  • the number of anti-rotation grooves 111411 is also set to three, and the three anti-rotation grooves 111411 are symmetrically distributed relative to the center of the liner 1120 .
  • the number of the depressions 1112 is an integer multiple of the number of the anti-rotation grooves 111411 , such as 2 times, 3 times, or other integer multiples.
  • the anti-rotation groove 111411 and/or the anti-rotation protrusion 112211 are arranged in an arc shape.
  • the anti-rotation groove 111411 and/or the anti-rotation protrusion 112211 can also be in other shapes such as V-shape, straight line, and curve.
  • the anti-rotation groove 111411 and/or the anti-rotation protrusion 112211 can be arranged in a polygonal shape (that is, the cross section of the anti-rotation groove 111411 and/or the anti-rotation protrusion 112211 perpendicular to the respective thickness directions can be polygonal. ). It can be understood that the anti-rotation groove 111411 and the anti-rotation protrusion 112211 can be in various shapes as long as the circumferential limit between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110 can be realized. The shapes of the anti-rotation groove 111411 and the anti-rotation protrusion 112211 can be the same or different.
  • the anti-rotation groove 111411 is arranged on the cup body 1110, and the anti-rotation protrusion 112211 is arranged on the liner 1120.
  • the shape of the anti-rotation protrusion 112211 It can be linear, and the shape of the anti-rotation groove 111411 can be polygonal.
  • the two ends of the anti-rotation protrusion 112211 along the circumference of the liner 1120 can be aligned with the anti-rotation Two sides of the groove 111411 along the circumference of the cup body 1110 abut against each other.
  • the included angle ⁇ around the central axis of the cup body 1110 between adjacent concave portions 1112 is the same. That is to say, the concave portions 1112 are evenly distributed on the end surface 1111 of the cup body 1110 along the circumferential direction of the cup body 1110 . In some embodiments, the included angles around the central axis of the cup body 1110 between adjacent anti-rotation grooves 111411 are the same. That is to say, the anti-rotation grooves 111411 are evenly distributed in the cup inner surface 1114 along the circumferential direction of the cup body 1110 .
  • the included angle ⁇ around the central axis of the cup body 1110 between adjacent anti-rotation grooves 111411 is an integer multiple of the included angle ⁇ between adjacent concave portions 1112 around the central axis of the cup body 1110 .
  • the anti-rotation convex When the protrusion 112211 cooperates with the anti-rotation groove, the protrusion 1121 and the recess 1112 can only cooperate at a fixed position, which will greatly increase the difficulty of assembly, thus making it difficult to fit between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110 assembly.
  • the convex portion 1121 on the liner 1120 and the concave portion 1112 of the cup body 1110 are aligned and pressed through the chamfered section 111212a on the concave portion 1112.
  • the circumferential locking between the protruding part 1121 and the recessed part 1112 has been realized at this time, that is, the centering has been realized; then continue to press down the liner 1120 , so that the second elliptical arc segment 112112a on the protruding part 1121 slides down along the guiding arc segment 111212b on the recessed part 1112, finally realizing the first plane segment 112111a on the concave segment 112111 and the second plane segment on the protruding segment 111211
  • the segments 111211a fit each other, and the protruding segment 111211 snaps into the concave segment 112111.
  • the liner 1120 is assembled with the cup body 1110, and the anti-rotation protrusion 112211 and the anti-rotation groove 111411 are automatically aligned and attached.
  • the second locking portion 11211 is provided on the protrusion 1121
  • the first locking portion 11121 is provided on the concave portion 1112, so that the second locking portion 11211 and the first locking portion 11121 cooperate with each other
  • the protrusion 1121 and the recess 1112 are aligned first, and then the second locking part 11211 and the first locking part 11121 are matched with each other, thus avoiding multiple alignments between the protrusion 1121 and the recess 1112 , which greatly reduces the difficulty of assembly between the liner 1120 and the cup body 1110 .
  • numbers describing the quantity of components and attributes are used. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of the embodiments use the modifiers "about”, “approximately” or “substantially” in some examples. grooming. Unless otherwise stated, “about”, “approximately” or “substantially” indicates that the stated figure allows for a variation of ⁇ 20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired characteristics of individual embodiments. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should take into account the specified significant digits and adopt the general digit reservation method. Although the numerical ranges and parameters used in some embodiments of this specification to confirm the breadth of the range are approximations, in specific embodiments, such numerical values are set as precisely as practicable.

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Abstract

本说明书一些实施例提供一种髋臼杯，其中，包括杯体和设于所述杯体上的安装结构，所述杯体呈半球形，所述髋臼杯通过所述安装结构与其他结构连接。

Description

一种髋臼杯
交叉引用
本申请要求2021年09月28日提交的中国申请号202111142267.0的优先权，2022年05月25日提交的中国申请号202210572103.X的优先权，全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本说明书涉及医疗器械技术领域，特别是涉及一种髋臼杯。
背景技术
髋臼杯是髋关节置换术中广泛使用的假体之一。在髋臼杯置入人体后，需要与其他结构固定(如骨骼、衬垫等)，以保证髋臼杯的稳定固定和稳定使用。
发明内容
本说明书实施例提供了一种髋臼杯，其中，包括杯体和设于所述杯体上的安装结构，所述杯体呈半球形，所述髋臼杯通过所述安装结构与其他结构连接。
在一些实施例中，所述安装结构包括多个安装孔以及设于所述多个安装孔的至少一个中的堵孔塞，所述安装孔开设在所述杯体上且贯穿所述杯体，所述杯体通过所述安装孔连接到骨骼上；所述堵孔塞包括本体和至少两个连接构件，所述至少两个连接构件围绕所述本体间隔布置；所述连接构件包括至少一个第一连接件，所述第一连接件包括第一端部和第二端部，所述第一端部连接于所述本体沿周向的外表面，所述第二端部连接于所述安装孔的孔壁；其中，所述第一连接件从所述第一端部指向所述第二端部的方向与所述杯体在所述安装孔的轴线处的内法线之间的夹角为锐角。
在一些实施例中，所述第一连接件的第一端部的宽度大于第二端部的宽度。
在一些实施例中，所述第一端部的宽度为750μm-4500μm，所述第二端部的宽度为150μm-300μm。
在一些实施例中，所述第一端部的宽度与所述第二端部的宽度的比值为5-15。
在一些实施例中，所述第一连接件的宽度沿所述第一端部指向所述第二端部的方向逐渐减小。
在一些实施例中，所述第一连接件的第一端部的厚度不小于第二端部的厚度。
在一些实施例中，所述第一端部的厚度为1mm-2mm，所述第二端部的厚度为0.8mm-1mm。
在一些实施例中，所述第一端部的厚度与所述第二端部的厚度的比值为1-2。
在一些实施例中，所述第一连接件的厚度沿所述第一端部指向所述第二端部的方向逐渐减小。
在一些实施例中，所述连接构件还包括至少一个第二连接件，各所述第二连接件包括相对设置的第三端部和第四端部，所述第三端部连接于所述本体沿周向的外表面，所述第四端部连接于所述安装孔的孔壁；所述第二连接件从所述第三端部指向所述第四端部的方向与所述安装孔的轴向垂直；所述第二连接件和所述第一连接件在所述安装孔的轴向上间隔布置。
在一些实施例中，所述第一连接件与所述第二连接件之间具有间隔空间，所述第一连接件、第二连接件以及所述间隔空间的体积之和与所述间隔空间的体积的比值为4-8。
在一些实施例中，所述安装孔的孔壁上开设有凹槽，所述凹槽用于容纳所述第一连接件的第二端部和/或所述第二连接件的第四端部。
在一些实施例中，所述第一连接件的所述第二端部设有第一缩颈部，所述第二端部通过所述第一缩颈部连接在所述安装孔的孔壁上；所述第二端部的宽度大于所述第一缩颈部的最大宽度；和/或，所述第二连接件的所述第四端部设有第二缩颈部，所述第四端部通过所述第二缩颈部连接在所述安装孔的孔壁上，所述第四端部的宽度大于所述第二缩颈部的最大宽度；所述第一缩颈部和/或所述第二缩颈部均容纳于所述凹槽内。
在一些实施例中，所述第一连接件沿所述安装孔的轴向的两端的两个所述端面中，至少一个所述端面被构造为弧面；和/或，所述第二连接件沿所述安装孔的轴向的两端的两个端面中，至少一个所述侧面被构造为弧面。
在一些实施例中，所述第一连接件沿所述安装孔的轴向的两端的两个所述端面中，靠近所述杯体的凹面的一个所述端面被构造为凸面状；和/或，所述第一连接件沿所述安装孔的轴向的两端的两个所端面中，朝向所述杯体的凸面的一个所述端面被构造为凹面状；和/或，所述第二连接件沿所述安装孔的轴向的两端的两个所述端面中，靠近所述杯体的凹面的一个所述端面被构造为凸面状；和/或，所述第二连接件沿所述安装孔的轴向的两端的两个所述端面中，朝向所述杯体的凸面的一个所述端面被构造为凹面状。
在一些实施例中，所述杯体包括基体、第一多孔层和第二多孔层；所述第一多孔层的孔隙率和所述第二多孔层的孔隙率均大于所述基体的孔隙率；至少部分基体与所述第一多孔层在所述安装孔的轴向上层叠布置，且所述第一多孔层位于所述杯体的凸面上，所述第二多孔层位于所述堵孔塞的靠近所述杯体的凸面的一侧上。
在一些实施例中，所述第一多孔层和所述第二多孔层的孔隙率为20％～80％。
在一些实施例中，所述第一多孔层与所述第二多孔层之间设有环状间隔。
在一些实施例中，所述杯体具有限定内部空间的杯体内表面和杯体外表面，以及连接所述杯体内表面和所述杯体外表面的杯体端面，所述杯体内表面限定内部空间；所述髋臼杯还包括半球形的衬垫，所述衬垫安装在所述内部空间中，所述衬垫具有衬垫外表面；所述安装结构包括凹陷部和凸出部，所述凹陷部形成在所述杯体端面上以及所述杯体内表面上，所述凹陷部的侧面上设置有第一锁定部分；所述凸出部设于所述衬垫外表面，所述凸出部的侧面上设置有第二锁定部分；当所述衬垫通过所述凸出部与所述凹陷部的适配安装在所述杯体中，且通过所述第一锁定部分与所述第二锁定部分配合实现所述衬垫与所述杯体之间沿所述杯体的轴向的限位。
在一些实施例中，所述衬垫还包括衬垫内表面，以及连接所述衬垫内表面和所述衬垫外表面的衬垫端面，所述凸出部形成在所述衬垫端面上且在所述衬垫外表面上延伸。
在一些实施例中，所述第一锁定部分包括凹入段，所述第二锁定部分为凸起段，所述凹入段和所述凸起段互相配合限定所述衬垫与所述杯体之间的轴向移动；或者，所述第一锁定部分包括凸起段，所述第二锁定部分包括凹入段，所述凸起段和所述凹入段互相配合实现所述衬垫与所述杯体之间沿所述杯体的轴向的限位。
在一些实施例中，所述第二锁定部分还包括第一导向段，所述第一导向段设于所述凸出部的侧面上与所述凹入段相邻位置；所述第一锁定部分还包括第二导向段，所述第二导向段设于所述凹陷部的侧面上与所述杯体端面相邻位置；所述第二导向段能够与所述第一导向段配合，以导向所述凸起段卡入所述凹入段内。
在一些实施例中，所述凹入段包括第一平面段，所述凸起段包括第二平面段，当所述凸起段卡入所述凹入段中时，所述第一平面段和所述第二平面段贴合。
在一些实施例中，所述凸起段还包括与所述第二平面段相连接的第一椭圆弧段，所述凹入段还包括与所述第一椭圆弧段贴合的第三椭圆弧段；所述第一椭圆弧段自所述第二平面段开始曲率半径逐渐增大，所述第一椭圆弧段最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比为0.3-0.6。
在一些实施例中，所述杯体内表面设置有第一抗旋部分，所述衬垫外表面设置有第二抗旋部分；当所述衬垫安装在所述杯体的内部空间中时，所述第一抗旋部分与所述第二抗旋部分配合，以限定所述衬垫与所述杯体之间的所述杯体的周向移动。
在一些实施例中，所述第一抗旋部分和所述第二抗旋部分中的一个包括多个抗旋凹槽，所述第一抗旋部分和所述第二抗旋部分中的另一个包括多个抗旋凸起。
在一些实施例中，所述凹陷部的数量是多个，多个所述凹陷部沿所述杯体的周向等间隔布置；设于所述杯体内表面上的多个所述抗旋凹槽沿所述杯体内表面的周向等间隔布置，或者，设于所述衬垫外表面上的多个所述抗旋凹槽沿所述衬垫外表面的周向等间隔布置。
在一些实施例中，所述凹陷部的数量是所述抗旋凹槽数量的整数倍。
在一些实施例中，所述抗旋凹槽和所述抗旋凸起均呈弧形设置。
附图说明
本说明书将以示例性实施例的方式进一步说明，这些示例性实施例将通过附图进行详细描述。这些实施例并非限制性的，在这些实施例中，相同的编号表示相同的结构，其中：
图1为本说明一些实施例提供的髋臼杯的结构示意图；
图2为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯的结构示意图；
图3为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中安装孔处的安装结构示意图；
图4为图3的沿B-B线的剖视图；
图5为图3的A处的局部放大图；
图6a为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中堵孔塞的另一种结构的示意图；
图6b为图6a的沿C-C线的剖视图；
图7为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中堵孔塞的又一种结构的示意图；
图8a为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中堵孔塞的又一种结构的示意图；
图8b为图8a的沿D-D线的剖视图；
图9a为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中堵孔塞的再一种结构的示意图；
图9b为图9a的沿E-E线的剖视图；
图10a为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中堵孔塞的再一种结构的示意图；
图10b为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中堵孔塞的再一种结构的示意图；
图11为本说明书另一些实施例提供的髋臼杯的结构示意图；
图12为本说明书另一些实施例提供的髋臼杯的剖面结构示意图；
图13a为图12中A处的结构示意图；
图13b为图12中B处的结构示意图；
图14为本说明书一些实施例提供的衬垫的结构示意图；
图15为本说明书一些实施例提供的杯体的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本说明书实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本说明书的一些示例或实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图将本说明书应用于其它类似情景。除非从语言环境中显而易见或另做说明，图中相同标号代表相同结构或操作。
为使本说明书的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本说明书的具体实施方式做详细的说明。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明。但是本说明书能够以很多不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施，本领域技术人员可以在不违背本说明书内涵的情况下做类似改进，因此本说明书不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
在本说明书的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本说明书的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本说明书的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本说明书中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本说明书中的具体含义。
在本说明书中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
需要说明的是，本说明书所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的，并不表示是唯一的实施方式。
下面结合附图说明本说明书一些实施例的髋臼杯。
髋臼杯100应用于髋关节置换手术中使用一种假体，进而通过对髋关节进行修复。髋关节是把人体的大腿骨与骨盆的髋骨之间加以连接的关节。组成髋关节的骨头分两大部分：跟身体躯干相连的部分叫“髋臼”，是一个类似圆形的“窝”；跟大腿骨相连的部分叫“股骨头”，是一个类似圆形的“球”。这两部分组成一个可活动的“球-窝”关节，就是髋关节，它是我们身上最大的负重关节，满足我们站立、行走和运动的需要。髋关节置换手术目前是治疗髋关节疾病最有效手段，使得患者在一定程度上恢复关节生理功能，缓解病痛。在一些实施例中，髋臼杯100是一个呈半球形的壳体，髋臼杯100是能够替换“髋臼”的假体。在一些实施例中，髋臼杯100的材质可以为金属(如钛合金)。
在一些实施例中，髋臼杯100的外表面与髋臼窝的骨骼基本贴合，髋臼杯100需要与人体骨骼固定。在一些实施例中，髋臼杯100的内表面与衬垫基本贴合，髋臼杯100需要与衬垫固定。在一些实施例中，衬垫也是一个呈半球形的壳体。衬垫的外表面与髋臼杯100与髋臼杯100的内表面贴合，衬垫的内表 面非常光滑，股骨头设于衬垫内并与衬垫的内表面配合。在一些实施例中，衬垫的材质可以为聚合物(如塑料)、陶瓷(如生物陶瓷)、金属等。
在一些实施例中，如图1所示，髋臼杯100可以包括杯体10和至少部分设于杯体10上的安装结构110。杯体10呈半球形，髋臼杯100通过安装结构110与其他结构连接。在一些实施例中，安装结构可以包括通孔结构(例如，可以包括图2-10b所示的设于杯体10上的安装孔11)。在另一些实施例中，安装结构可以包括凹槽结构(例如，可以包括图11-15所示的设于杯体1110上凹陷部1112)。在一些实施例中，髋臼杯100可以通过安装结构110与人体骨骼相连。例如，如图1-10所示，髋臼杯100可以通过安装孔11和螺钉与人体骨骼连接。在一些实施1112和例中，髋臼杯100可以通过安装结构110与衬垫相连。例如，如图11-15所示，髋臼杯100可以通过凹陷部1112和凸起部1121与衬垫1120连接。
在将髋臼杯与骨骼固定时，为了保证髋臼杯植入人体的稳定性，可使用螺钉对髋臼杯假体进行固定。为此，髋臼杯壁上会预设置多个安装孔(如螺钉孔)，医生可根据病人的情况选择植入螺钉的位置，而对于不进行螺钉植入的螺钉孔，一般可在螺钉孔中设置堵孔塞进行堵孔。在一些实施例中，堵孔塞可以包括本体和连接件，其中，连接件的两端分别连接于本体上和螺钉孔的孔壁上，从而将堵孔塞设置于螺钉孔中。然而，在将该带堵孔塞的髋臼杯的安装过程中或植入到人体中后，由于连接件的连接强度较差，堵孔塞容易发生脱落的问题，导致髋臼杯的安全性较差。
有鉴于此，本说明书一些实施例提供一种髋臼杯100。图2为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯的结构示意图，图3为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中安装孔处的安装结构示意图，图4为图3的沿B-B线的剖视图，图5为图3的A处的局部放大图。以下结合图1-5进行说明。
参照图2-5，安装结构可以包括多个安装孔11以及设于多个安装孔11的至少一个中的堵孔塞20。在一些实施例中，杯体10呈半球形。安装孔11开设在杯体10上且贯穿杯体10，杯体10通过安装孔11连接到骨骼上。杯体10通过安装孔11连接到骨骼上。堵孔塞20包括本体21和至少两个连接构件30，至少两个连接构件30围绕本体21间隔布置。连接构件30包括至少一个第一连接件31，各第一连接件31包括相对设置的第一端部311和第二端部312，第一端部311连接于本体21沿周向的外表面，第二端部312连接于安装孔11的孔壁。其中，第一连接件31从第一端部311指向第二端部312的方向Z与杯体10在安装孔11的轴线处的内法线之间的夹角α为锐角。
安装孔11的轴向O平行于杯体10在安装孔11的轴线处的法线。也就是说，第一连接件31的第一端部311和第二端部312的连线与安装孔的轴向O不平行。此时，第一端部311和第二端部312在安装孔11的轴向0上的位置不是正对，而是相互错开。具体的，第一连接件31从第一端部311指向第二端部312的方向Z例如可以指第一连接件31的第一端部311的大致中心位置指向第二端部312的大致中心位置的方向。
第一连接件31从第一端部311指向第二端部312的方向Z与安装孔的轴向O呈锐角设置，具体是指第一连接件31从第一端部311指向第二端部312的方向Z与安装孔的轴向O的夹角α为锐角。
在上述方案中，通过使第一连接件31的第一端部311连接于本体21沿周向的外表面，第二端部312连接于安装孔11的孔壁上，可将本体21通过第一连接件31设于安装孔11中，由于第一连接件31从第一端部311指向第二端部312的方向Z与杯体10在安装孔11的轴线处的内法线之间呈锐角设置，在髋臼杯100受到外部的挤压力时，挤压力容易分解为沿安装孔11轴向O的力与沿安装孔11径向的力，这与第一端部311和第二端部312的设置位置正对的方案相比，朝向安装孔11径向的力变小，这增加了髋臼杯100的抗挤压能力，使连接构件的强度得到了增强，因此减小了堵孔塞20脱落的几率，增强了髋臼杯100的安全性。
在一些实施例中，夹角α可以在30°-60°的范围内。在一些实施例中，夹角α可以在45°-60°的范围内。通过将夹角α设置在上述范围内，可以进一步增加了髋臼杯100的抗挤压能力，使连接构件的强度得到进一步增强，最大限度地减小了堵孔塞20脱落的几率。
其中，杯体10是髋臼杯100的主体部分，如图2和图4所示，其大致可被构造为半球形状，半球形状的杯体10可以包括凸面12和凹面13，凹面13是杯体10朝向使用者的股骨一侧的表面，凸面12是背离股骨一侧的表面。另外，可以理解的是，对于杯体10的外轮廓形状，可以如图2所示形成为半球状，也可以根据实际需要而选择为其它形状(如弧面状)。如图4所示，第二端部312比第一端部311更靠近凹面13一侧。当髋臼杯100植入预置的髋臼窝中，堵孔塞20受到方向为凸面12朝向凹面13的挤压力。也就是说，该挤压力的方向大致平行于杯体10在安装孔11的轴线处的法线方向。本说明书实施例的第一连接件31可以提供较高的抗挤压能力，使得髋臼杯100在植入人体过程中，堵孔塞20不会发生脱落。
另外，本说明书一些实施例的髋臼杯100采用3D打印一体式结构，即杯体10和堵孔塞20可以采用3D打印技术一体成型，减少了单独加工堵孔塞20的成本。
继续参照图2，如前所述，在杯体10上可以开设有贯穿杯体10的多个安装孔11，安装孔11中 设有堵孔塞20。如前所述，为了保证髋臼杯100植入人体的稳定性，可使用螺钉对髋臼杯100假体进行固定。为此，髋臼杯100壁上可以预设置多个安装孔11，医生可根据病人的情况选择植入螺钉的位置，而对于不进行螺钉植入的安装孔11，一般可在安装孔11中设置堵孔塞20进行堵孔。
具体实现时，可以是各个安装孔11中均设有堵孔塞20，也可以是部分安装孔11中设有堵孔塞20，本实施例中以部分安装孔11中设有堵孔塞20为例进行说明。
本说明书一些实施例中，堵孔塞20包括本体21和至少两个连接构件30，至少两个连接构件30围绕本体21的中心布置。连接构件30的数量至少为两个(如图10a所示的实施例)，也可以根据实际需要设置为多个，例如在图2-9b所示的实施例中，以连接构件30的数量为3个，并且3个连接构件30围绕安装孔的轴向O等间隔布置为例进行说明，当然，对于连接构件30的数量为其它，排布方式为其它的情况与此类似，此处不再赘述。可以理解的是，在连接构件30围绕安装孔的轴向O等间隔布置的情况下，在利用工具卸掉堵孔塞20时，各个连接构件30上受到的外力可以较为均匀，便于各连接构件30同时断裂。
继续参照图3，各连接构件30包括至少一个第一连接件31。也就是说，第一连接件31的数量可以是一个、两个、三个等。本实施例以各连接构件30均包括一个第一连接件31为例进行说明，对于各连接构件30中包括的第一连接件31的数量为其它的情况与此类似，此处不再赘述。
本说明书一些实施例中，参照图3，沿安装孔11径向R，第一连接件31的第一端部311的宽度大于第二端部312的宽度。此时，第一连接件31的第一端部311的宽度是指第一连接件31的第一端部311在堵孔塞20的本体21的外表面的切线方向上的尺寸h1，第一连接件31的第二端部312的宽度是指第一连接件31的第二端部312在安装孔11的内表面的切线方向上的尺寸h2。如图3所示，满足h1＞h2。可以理解地，第一端部311的宽度是指最靠近堵孔塞20的本体的位置的宽度。第二端部312的宽度可以是指最靠近安装孔11的孔壁的位置的宽度。
像上述这样，使第一连接件31的第一端部311的宽度大于第二端部312的宽度，这样可以使第一连接件31的断裂部位更容易集中在第二端部312。具体的，当操作人员绕着安装孔的轴向O对本体21施加旋转力时，由于第一连接件31的第一端部311粗于第二端部312，增加了第一连接件31和本体21的连接强度，同时相对减弱了第一连接件31和安装孔11孔壁之间的连接强度，断裂发生的部位就会集中在连接较为薄弱的第二端部312，可以有效避免断裂部位集中在第一端部311，避免断裂后第一连接件31整体都连接在安装孔11孔壁上的情况。
进一步的，继续参照图3和图5，沿安装孔径向R，第一连接件31的宽度沿第一端部311指向第二端部312的方向逐渐减小，使第一连接件31在图5的视角下，即俯视时大致呈梯形截面，这样可以在增加堵孔塞20抗挤压能力的同时降低堵孔塞20的抗扭转能力，便于操作者扭转去除堵孔塞20的同时增加堵孔塞20服役过程中的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，第一端部311的宽度可以为750μm-4500μm，第二端部312的宽度可以为150μm～300μm。在一些实施例中，第一端部311的宽度与第二端部312的宽度的比值为2-15。在一些实施例中，第一端部311的宽度与第二端部312的宽度的比值为5-15。通过按照上述宽度数值和尺寸设置第一连接件30，既能够保证第一连接件31在髋臼杯100安装的过程中不易脱落，又能够便于操作者扭转去除堵孔塞20，且第一连接件31不易残留在安装孔11的孔壁上。
在一些实施例中，第一连接件31的第一端部311的厚度不小于第二端部312的厚度。第一连接件31的第一端部311的厚度是指第一端部311在垂直于第一端部311的宽度方向的方向上的尺寸，第一连接件31的第二端部312的厚度是指第二端部312在垂直于第二端部312的宽度方向的方向上的尺寸。可以理解地，第一端部311的厚度是指最靠近堵孔塞20的本体的位置的厚度。第二端部312的厚度可以是指最靠近安装孔11的孔壁的位置的厚度。像上述这样，使第一连接件31的第一端部311的厚度大于第二端部312的厚度，这样可以使第一连接件31的断裂部位更容易集中在第二端部312。具体的，当操作人员绕着安装孔的轴向O对本体21施加旋转力时，由于第一连接件31的第一端部311厚于第二端部312，增加了第一连接件31和本体21的连接强度，同时相对减弱了第一连接件31和安装孔11孔壁之间的连接强度，断裂发生的部位就会集中在连接较为薄弱的第二端部312，可以有效避免断裂部位集中在第一端部311，避免断裂后第一连接件31整体都连接在安装孔11孔壁上的情况。
在一些实施例中，第一端部311的厚度为1mm-2mm。在一些实施例中，第二端部312的厚度为0.8mm-1mm。在一些实施例中，第一端部311的厚度与第二端部312的厚度的比值为1-2。在一些实施例中，第一端部311的厚度与第二端部312的厚度的比值为1.2-2。通过按照上述厚度数值和尺寸设置第一连接件30，既能够保证第一连接件31在髋臼杯100安装的过程中不易脱落，又能够便于操作者扭转去除堵孔塞20，且第一连接件31不易残留在安装孔11的孔壁上。
在一些实施例中，第一端部311的沿垂直于第一端部311的长度方向的截面的面积可以为1mm 2- 2mm 2。在一些实施例中，第二端部312沿垂直于第二端部312的长度方向的截面的面积可以为0.2mm 2-0.5mm 2。在一些实施例中，第一端部311的沿垂直于第一端部311的长度方向的截面的面积与第二端部312沿垂直于第二端部312的长度方向的截面的面积的比值可以为2-10。在一些实施例中，第一端部311的沿垂直于第一端部311的长度方向的截面的面积与第二端部312沿垂直于第二端部312的长度方向的截面的面积的比值可以为4-5。
在一些实施例中，第一连接件31的厚度沿第一端部311指向第二端部312的方向逐渐减小，使第一连接件31在侧视时，大致呈梯形截面，这样可以在增加堵孔塞20抗挤压能力的同时降低堵孔塞20的抗扭转能力，便于操作者扭转去除堵孔塞20的同时增加堵孔塞20服役过程中的稳定性。
本说明书一些实施例中，连接构件30还可以包括至少一个第二连接件32，这里各安装孔11对应的第二连接件32的数量相同，也可以不同，这里以各连接构件30均包括一个第二连接件32为例进行说明，对于第二连接件32的数量为其它的情况与此类似，此处不再赘述。
继续参照图4，各第二连接件32包括相对设置的第三端部321和第四端部322，第三端部321连接于本体21沿周向的外表面，第四端部322连接于安装孔11的孔壁。第二连接件32从第三端部321指向第四端部322的方向与安装孔的轴向O垂直，并且第二连接件32和第一连接件31在安装孔的轴向O上间隔布置。换言之，第二连接件32和第一连接件31之间具有间隔空间323，即连接构件30内部具有中空结构。将连接构件30设置为两个间隔开的第一连接件31和第二连接件32的结构可以进一步增大连接构件30的抗挤压能力并且降低堵孔塞20的抗扭转能力。
在一些实施例中，第一连接件31、第二连接件32以及间隔空间323的体积之和与间隔空间323的体积的比值可以为4-8。在一些实施例中，第一连接件31、第二连接件32以及间隔空间323的体积之和与间隔空间323的体积的比值可以为4-7。在一些实施例中，第一连接件31、第二连接件32以及间隔空间323的体积之和与间隔空间323的体积的比值可以为5-8。在一些实施例中，第一连接件31、第二连接件32以及间隔空间323的体积之和与间隔空间323的体积的比值可以为5-7。在一些实施例中，第一连接件31、第二连接件32以及间隔空间323的体积之和与间隔空间323的体积的比值可以为6。在一些实施例中，第一连接件31、第二连接件32以及间隔空间323三者体积之比可以为3:1:1.5。通过按照上述体积比例设置第一连接件31、第二连接件32以及间隔空间323，可以保证更好地增大连接构件30的抗挤压能力并且降低堵孔塞20的抗扭转能力。可以理解的是，为了便于使断裂发生在第四端部322，沿安装孔11径向方向R，第二连接件32的第三端部321的宽度大于第四端部322的宽度，其中，第二连接件32的第三端部321的宽度是指第二连接件32的第三端部321在堵孔塞20的本体21的外表面的切线方向上的尺寸，第二连接件32的第四端部322的宽度是指第二连接件32的第四端部322在安装孔11的内表面的切线方向上的尺寸。可以理解地，第三端部321的宽度是指最靠近堵孔塞20的本体的位置的宽度。第四端部322的宽度可以是指最靠近安装孔11的孔壁的位置的宽度。
另外，沿安装孔径向R，第二连接件32的宽度沿第三端部321指向第四端部322的方向逐渐减小，使第二连接件32在图3的视角下，即俯视时大致呈梯形截面，这样可以该设计可在增加堵孔塞20抗挤压能力的同时降低堵孔塞20的抗扭转能力，便于操作者扭转去除堵孔塞20的同时增加堵孔塞20服役过程中稳定性。
在一些实施例中，第三端部321的宽度可以为750μm-4500μm。在一些实施例中，第四端部322的宽度可以为150μm～300μm。在一些实施例中，第三端部321的宽度与第四端部322的宽度的比值可以为2-15。在一些实施例中，第三端部321的宽度与第四端部322的宽度的比值可以为5-15。通过按照上述宽度数值和尺寸设置第二连接件32，既能够保证第二连接件32在髋臼杯100安装的过程中不易脱落，又能够便于操作者扭转去除堵孔塞20，且第二连接件32不易残留在安装孔11的孔壁上。
在一些实施例中，第二连接件32的第三端部321的厚度不小于第四端部322的厚度。第二连接件32的第三端部321的厚度是指第三端部321在垂直于第三端部321的宽度方向的方向上的尺寸，第二连接件32的第四端部322的厚度是指第四端部322在垂直于第四端部322的宽度方向的方向上的尺寸。可以理解地，第三端部321的厚度是指最靠近堵孔塞20的本体的位置的宽度。第四端部322的厚度可以是指最靠近安装孔11的孔壁的位置的宽度。
在一些实施例中，第三端部321的厚度为0.5mm-1.5mm。在一些实施例中，第四端部322的厚度为0.5mm-0.7mm。在一些实施例中，第三端部321的厚度与第四端部322的厚度的比值1-2.3。第三端部321以及第四端部322的厚度设置的效果与上述第一端部311以及第二端部312的厚度设置的效果类似，本说明书在此不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，第三端部321的沿垂直于第三端部321的长度方向的截面的面积可以为1mm 2-1.5mm 2。在一些实施例中，第四端部322沿垂直于第四端部322的长度方向的截面的面积可以为0.15mm 2-0.25mm 2。在一些实施例中，第三端部321的沿垂直于第三端部321的长度方向的截面的面积与第四端部 322沿垂直于第四端部322的长度方向的截面的面积的比值可以为4-10。在一些实施例中，第三端部321的沿垂直于第三端部321的长度方向的截面的面积与第四端部322沿垂直于第四端部322的长度方向的截面的面积的比值可以为6-7。
在一些实施例中，第二连接件32的厚度沿第三端部321指向第四端部322的方向逐渐减小，使第二连接件32在侧视时，大致呈梯形截面，这样可以在增加堵孔塞20抗挤压能力的同时降低堵孔塞20的抗扭转能力，便于操作者扭转去除堵孔塞20的同时增加堵孔塞20服役过程中的稳定性。
如前所述，堵孔塞20在被操作人员拧动时，断裂发生在第一连接件31的第二端部312和第二连接件32的第四端部322，这有可能会在安装孔11的孔壁上残留凸起结构，此处的残留凸起结构会导致螺钉无法顺利拧入。为了避免这种情况的发生，如图2、图3和图5所示，在一些实施例中，可以考虑在安装孔11的孔壁上开设有凹槽50，以用于容纳第一连接件31的第二端部312和/或第二连接件32的第四端部322，这样，即使在断裂时在第二端部312和第四端部322产生了残留结构，该残留结构容纳在凹槽50中，也不会影响到螺钉的拧入。这里的凹槽50沿安装孔的轴向O贯穿杯体10，也可以只在对应于第二端部312和第四端部322的位置设置。
示例性的，该凹槽50沿安装孔径向R的深度可以为0.5mm，沿所述安装孔11周向的尺寸可以为2.0mm。
继续参照图4，在一些实施例中，第一连接件31沿安装孔的轴向O的两端的两个端面中至少一个端面可以被构造为弧面。在一些实施例中，第二连接件32沿安装孔的轴向O的两端的两个端面中至少一个端面可以被构造为弧面。这样有利于增强第一连接件31和/或第二连接件32的抗压能力。
在一些实施例中，可以是第一连接件31沿安装孔的轴向O的两端的两个端面中，靠近杯体10的凹面13的一个端面，即第一端面314，可以被构造为凸面状。这使第一连接件31的受力得到优化，使第一连接件31具有很强的抗挤压能力，而不具备很强的抗扭转能力。
在一些示例中，第一连接件31沿安装孔的轴向O的两端的两个端面中，朝向杯体10的凸面12的一个端面，即第二端面315，可以被构造为凹面状。如上所述，第一连接件31的第一端面314为凸面状，第二端面315为凹面状，可以使得第一连接件31整体大致略朝向杯体10的凸面12弯折的结构，这样这使第一连接件31的受力进一步得到优化，使第一连接件31具有很强的抗挤压能力，而不具备很强的抗扭转能力。
在一些实施例中，第二连接件32沿安装孔11的轴向的两端的两个端面中，靠近杯体10的凹面13的一个端面，即第三端面316，可以被构造为凸面状。
在一些实施例中，第二连接件32沿安装孔11的轴向的两端的两个端面中，朝向杯体10的凸面的一个端面，即第四端面317，可以被构造为凹面状。
像这样，第二连接件32的第三端面316为凸面状，第四端面317为凹面状，可以使得第二连接件32整体大致略朝向杯体10的凹面13弯折的结构，再加上第一连接件31整体大致略朝向杯体10的凸面12弯折的结构，可以进一步使第一连接件31、第二连接件32具有很强的抗挤压能力，而不具备很强的抗扭转能力。
在一些实施例中，对于第二连接件32而言，其沿安装孔的轴向O的两端的两个端面中，朝向杯体10的凹面13的端面、即第三端面316可以被构造为凹面状，朝向杯体10的凸面12的可以端面、即第四端面317被构造为平面状。
进一步的，参照图3、图4，第一连接件31的第二端部312还设有第一缩颈部313，第二端部312通过第一缩颈部313连接在安装孔11的孔壁上；第二连接件32的第四端部322设有第二缩颈部(未图示)，第四端部322通过第二缩颈部连接在安装孔11的孔壁上；第一缩颈部313和第二缩颈部均可以容纳于凹槽内。在一些实施例中，第二端部312的宽度大于第一缩颈部313的最大宽度。第一缩颈部313的宽度是指第一缩颈部313安装孔11的内表面的切线方向上的尺寸。在一些实施例中，第四端部322的宽度大于第二缩颈部的最大宽度。第二缩颈部的宽度是指第二缩颈部安装孔11的内表面的切线方向上的尺寸。在一些实施例中，第一缩颈部313和/或第二缩颈部均容纳于凹槽50内。由于第一连接件31在第一缩颈部313产生了局部尺寸缩小，使得第一缩颈部313形成了应力集中结构，这样在堵孔塞20被扭转时，扭转断裂更容易发生。同理，由于第二连接件32在第二缩颈部产生了局部尺寸缩小，使得第二缩颈部形成了应力集中结构，第二缩颈部和第一缩颈部313都位于安装孔11的孔壁一侧，这样在堵孔塞20被扭转时，扭转断裂更容易发生。
示例性的，第一缩颈部313的沿安装孔11径向上的尺寸可以为350μm，第一缩颈部313沿切线方向的尺寸可以为150μm～300μm。第一缩颈部313采用该尺寸，可以有效降低连接杆抗扭转能力，提高了扭转去除可操作性。
在一些实施例中，第二端部312的宽度可以为第一缩颈部313的最大宽度的8-12倍。在一些实施 例中，第二端部312的宽度可以为第一缩颈部313的最大宽度的10倍。在一些实施例中，第四端部322的宽度可以为第二缩颈部的最大宽度的8-12倍。在一些实施例中，第四端部322的宽度可以为第二缩颈部的最大宽度的10倍。通过按照上述尺寸设置第一缩颈部313和/第二缩颈部，既保证堵孔塞20能够稳定连接在安装孔11的内壁上，又使得堵孔塞20便于去除。
本说明书一些实施例中，如图4所示，杯体10还可以包括在安装孔的轴向O上基体101、第一多孔层102a和第二多孔层102b；第一多孔层102a的孔隙率和第二多孔层102b的孔隙率均大于基体101的孔隙率。至少部分基体101与第一多孔层102a在安装孔11的轴向上层叠布置，且第一多孔层102a位于杯体10的凸面12上，第二多孔层102b位于堵孔塞20的靠近杯体10的凸面12的一侧上。第一多孔层102a和第二多孔层102b的设置可以增大骨长入面积，增加杯体10的稳定性。
在一些实施例中，第一多孔层102a和第二多孔层102b的孔隙率可以为20％-80％。孔隙率在该范围内时，可以有效增加杯体10与骨接触面积，即通过髋臼杯100与骨的压配实现早期固定，并利用骨长入实现远期固定。
在一些实施例中，第一多孔层102a和第二多孔层102b的厚度可以大致为0.5mm。
在一些实施例中，第一多孔层102a基体101可以呈半球形，而第一多孔层102a覆盖基体101上，第一多孔层102a也呈半球形。第二多孔层102b与第一多空层102a之间设有环状间隔324。这样，操作人员拧动本体21时，由于该环状间隔324的存在，安装孔11的孔壁不会影响到本体21的拧动。另外，在该堵孔塞20需要堵孔时，骨组织也可以顺着该环状间隔324进入到安装孔11的孔壁内，增加连接的稳定性。示例性的，该环状间隔324的间隙可以为0.2mm。
在一些实施例中，杯体10可以通过3D打印技术加工而成。例如，可以先建立杯体10的三维模型，在该三维模型上方便地可以设置和调整基体101、第一多孔层102a和第二多孔层102b的孔隙率，再使用3D打印设备打印出杯体10。
本说明书一些实施例中，参照图3所示，堵孔塞20的朝向凹面13的一侧还可以设有内六角的连接孔325，该连接孔325用于与外部连接工具、例如六角起子连接，操作者在术前可通过外部起子插入连接孔325对堵孔塞20进行扭转去除。另外，连接孔325上还可以设有倒角，以方便起子插入。
为了验证本说明书一些实施例中的髋臼杯的安全性，发明人对如图2～图5所示的髋臼杯进行了抗挤压和抗扭转测试，测试结果证明，在挤压破坏力大于800N时，堵孔塞才会自杯体脱落；而扭转去除堵孔塞时，扭矩达到3N·m就能将堵孔塞从髋臼杯中扭转去除，其表明，本说明书一些实施例的髋臼杯具有较好的抗挤压性能，并且堵孔塞容易被扭转去除。
在一些实施例中，连接件30(如第一连接件31和/或第二连接件32)可以使用各向异性材料。仅作为示例，可以基于髋臼杯的结构和髋臼杯使用过程中的受力情况进行受力仿真分析，从而分析出连接件30在不同方向(例如安装孔11的轴向O和径向R)上的受力情况，再针对该受力情况进行连接件30上进行力学性能(如刚度、塑性、韧性、强度、硬度和疲劳强度等性能的)设计。
在上述方案的基础上，本说明书一些实施例还对连接构件做了进一步的改进，需要注意的是，其它结构与图2～图5所示的结构相同，此处不再一一赘述。
图6a为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中堵孔塞的另一种结构的示意图，图6b为图6a的沿C-C线的剖视图。图7为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中堵孔塞的又一种结构的示意图，图8a为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中堵孔塞的又一种结构的示意图，图8b为图8a的沿D-D线的剖视图，图9a为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中堵孔塞的再一种结构的示意图，图9b为图9a的沿E-E线的剖视图，图10为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中堵孔塞的再一种结构的示意图，图11为本说明书一些实施例提供的髋臼杯中堵孔塞的再一种结构的示意图。
参照图6a、图6b，作为一种可能的实施方式，堵孔塞201中的连接构件202整体构成一体结构，该结构可进一步提高堵孔塞201的抗压能力。
参照图7，作为另一种可能的实施方式，堵孔塞203中的连接构件204与安装孔11的径向具有夹角，即连接构件204相对于安装孔11的径向倾斜设置。这里可以是连接构件204包括的第一连接件和第二连接件均相对于安装孔11的径向倾斜设置。
参照图8a、图8b，作为一种可能的实施方式，堵孔塞205中的连接构件206中只包括一个第一连接件211，这样可以进一步降低堵孔塞205的抗扭转力。
参照图9a、图9b，作为一种可能的实施方式，堵孔塞207中的连接构件208中只包括三个第一连接件212，这样可以进一步提高堵孔塞207的抗压能力。
参照图10a、图10b，作为一种可能的实施方式，堵孔塞209中的连接构件210的数量可以为两个或者四个。
前述一些实施例可以实现的有益效果包括而不限于：通过使堵孔塞的第一连接件的第一端部连接 于本体沿周向的外表面，第二端部连接于安装孔的孔壁上，可将堵孔塞的本体通过第一连接件设于安装孔中，由于第一连接件从第一端部指向第二端部的方向与安装孔的轴向呈锐角设置，在髋臼杯受到外部的挤压力时，挤压力容易分解为沿安装孔轴向的力与沿安装孔径向的力，这与第一端部和第二端部的设置位置正对的方案相比，朝向安装孔径向的力变小，这增加了髋臼杯的抗挤压能力，使连接构件的强度得到了增强，因此减小了堵孔塞脱落的几率，增强了髋臼杯的安全性。
在将髋臼杯与衬垫固定时，髋臼杯与衬垫一般通过卡合的方式固定，以保证衬垫的外表面与髋臼杯的内表面贴合。在一些实施例中，髋臼杯和衬垫的一个上设有凸出部，而其另一个上设有凹陷部。凹陷部上可以设有第一锁定部分，凸出部上可以设有第二锁定部分，以使得凸出部放入凹陷部后，第一锁定部分与第二锁定部分配合锁定，以使得髋臼杯与衬垫之间的位置相对固定，二者之间能够不脱离。
在一些实施例中，凹陷部设于杯体上，由于杯体为机加工支撑，为了便于加工，凹陷部设置在杯体的内表面上，且靠近杯体的底面。例如，凹陷部与杯体的底面的距离可以小于杯体的深度的1/2。这样会导致凹陷部的抗压性能较差，缩短杯体的使用寿命，此外，这也会导致凹陷部与凸起部的接触面积，降低二者的连接强度。
图11为本说明书另一些实施例提供的髋臼杯的结构示意图；图12为本说明书另一些实施例提供的髋臼杯的剖面结构示意图；图13a为图12中A处的结构示意图；图13b为图12中B处的结构示意图；图14为本说明书一些实施例提供的衬垫的结构示意图；图15为本说明书一些实施例提供的杯体的结构示意图。下面结合图11-15进行说明。
请参考图11-图15，本说明书一些实施例提供一种髋臼杯1100，该髋臼杯1100应用于髋关节置换手术中，主要用于对髋臼出现问题的人体进行髋关节的置换。
本说明书提供了一种髋臼杯1100包括杯体1110和设于杯体1110上的安装结构，杯体1110呈半球形，髋臼杯1100通过安装结构与其他结构连接。杯体1110具有限定内部空间的杯体内表面1114、限定外部表面的杯体外表面1113，以及连接杯体内表面1114和杯体外表面1113的杯体端面1111。关于杯体1110的其他关于具体形状的说明，请见上文的相关内容。在一些实施例中，髋臼杯1100可以包括衬垫1120，衬垫1120安装在杯体内表面1114所限定的内部空间中，衬垫1120可以包括限定外部表面的衬垫外表面1122。在一些实施例中，衬垫1120可以包括衬垫内表面，以及连接衬垫内表面和衬垫外表面1122的衬垫端面1123。
安装结构包括凹陷部1112和凸出部1121。凹陷部1112形成在杯体端面1111上以及杯体内表面1114上。也就是说，在杯体端面1111上和杯体内表面1114上均存在凹陷部1112的开口，且凹陷部1112从杯体端面1111向下凹陷，以及从内体内表面1114朝向杯体外表面1113凹陷。在一些实施例中，凹陷部1112形成在杯体端面1111的邻近位置。凹陷部1112的侧面上设置有第一锁定部分11121。凸出部1121设于衬垫外表面1122。在一些实施例中，凸出部1121的侧面上设置有第二锁定部分11211。当衬垫1120安装在杯体1110中时，凸出部1121与凹陷部1112适配，且通过第一锁定部分11121与第二锁定部分11211配合实现衬垫1120与杯体1110之间的轴向限位。
通过将凹陷部1112的位置设置(凹陷部1112形成在杯体端面1111上且在杯体内表面1114上延伸)，使得凹陷部1112的抗压性能增强，杯体1110的使用寿命得到增强，同时也增加了凹陷部1112与凸起部1121的接触面积，凹陷部1112与凸起部1121的连接强度得到增强。另外，杯体1110可以通过3D打印技术进行制造，以更便捷地在杯体端面1111上加工凹陷部1112。
在一些实施例中，衬垫1120包括衬垫外表面1122和衬垫内表面1124，以及连接衬垫内表面和衬垫外表面1122的衬垫端面1123，凸出部1121形成在衬垫端面1123上且在所述衬垫外表面1122上延伸。在一些实施例中，凸起部1121可以形成在临近衬垫端面112的位置。
凹陷部1112的数量可以是一个或多个。凸起部1121的数量1121的数量可以是一个或多个。在一些实施例中，凹陷部1112与凸起部1121的数量可以相同，凹陷部1112与凸起部1121可以一一对应的设置。在一些实施例中，凹陷部1112的数量可以多于凸起部1121的数量。
在一些实施例中，当凹陷部1112的数量是多个，多个凹陷部1112可以沿着杯体1110的周向等间隔布置。在一些实施例中，当凸起部1121的数量是多个，多个凸起部1121可以沿着衬垫1120的周向等间隔布置。前述一些实施例通过在凸出部1121上设置第二锁定部分11211，凹陷部1112上设置第一锁定部分11121，从而使得在第二锁定部分11211和第一锁定部分11121互相配合前，凸出部1121和凹陷部1112首先实现对准，然后再让第二锁定部分11211和第一锁定部分11121互相配合，如此避免了凸出部1121和凹陷部1112之间的多次对准，大大降低了衬垫1120和杯体1110之间的装配难度。
需要说明的是，衬垫1120可以构造为作用于股骨植入件的球的支承件。杯体1110与衬垫1120可以以多种尺寸设置以允许外科医生根据患者的解剖选择适当的尺寸。杯体1110可以与多种材质的衬垫1120适配。例如，衬垫的材质可以是陶瓷衬垫、聚合物(如塑料)、金属以及其他适当材料。在一些实施例中， 杯体1110和衬垫1120可以由任何适当的材料构造。例如，杯体1110可以由钛合金、钴铬合金、不锈钢或聚醚醚酮等其他生物相容材料构造。衬垫1120可以采用超高分子量聚乙烯、高交联聚乙烯以及掺杂有维生素E的聚乙烯等材料构造而成。
在一些实施例中，杯体1110的杯体外表面1113可以涂覆有改进骨向内生长或改进壳体在髋臼中的保持的涂层。例如，涂层可以是多孔涂层，也可以是烧结的金属涂层、气相沉积金属涂层、热喷涂金属涂层或是被化学蚀刻的。
杯体1110和衬垫1120可以均呈半球形，且杯体1110的内表面可以与衬垫1120的外表面基本贴合。在一些实施例中，如图11及图12所示，杯体1110呈内部具有容置空间的半球形状，衬垫1120呈能够容置于本体中的半球型状。杯体1110和衬垫1120设置成半球形状，可以更好地仿制人体的髋关节部位，如此能够与人体髋关节进行更好的匹配。
在一些实施例中，将衬垫1120上的凸出部1121与杯体1110上的凹陷部1112依次对准，然后将衬垫1120装配于杯体1110的杯体内表面1114中，凸出部1121与凹陷部1112凹凸配合，实现了衬垫1120与杯体1110之间的装配；又由于凸出部1121是沿衬垫1120周向方向间隔设置的，相对应的，杯体1110上的凹陷部1112也是在杯体端面1111上同间隔设置，因此当凸出部1121落入凹陷部1112中凹凸配合时，杯体1110与衬垫1120之间也可以实现了周向限位，即，衬垫1120无法相对杯体1110周向方向转动。
如果锁定结构设计不合理，可能导致衬垫与杯体脱出力较小或装配力过大，从而导致第二锁定部分和第一锁定部分损伤或挤压大变形等问题，进而导致髋臼杯组件易松动、易磨损等问题。为了解决上述问题，如图13a及图13b所示，在一些实施例中，第一锁定部分11121包括朝向杯体1110方向凸出的凸起段111211。在一些实施例中，第二锁定部分11211包括朝向杯体1110方向凹陷的凹入段112111。凹入段112111和凸起段111211互相配合限定衬垫1120与所述杯体1110之间的轴向移动。当将衬垫1120上的凸出部1121与杯体1110上的凹陷部1112依次对准后，将衬垫1120轻轻放入杯体1110中，此时凸出部1121轻轻落入凹陷部1112中，但这时凸出部1121上的凹陷段1112和凹陷部1112上的凸起段111211依然是互相错开的，需要人为的对衬垫1120施加朝向杯体1110的力，凸起段111211才会卡入凹入段112111中，并且实现了杯体1110与衬垫1120之间的轴向限位，即，凸起段111211和凹入段112111沿轴向互相卡紧。
当然，凸起段111211并不局限于设置在凹陷部1112上，凹入段112111也并不局限于设置在凸出部1121上。在一些实施例中，第二锁定部分11211包括朝向远离杯体1110方向凸出的凸起段111211，第一锁定部分11121包括朝向远离杯体1110方向凹陷的凹入段112111，凹入段112111和凸起段111211互相配合实现衬垫1120与杯体1110之间的轴向限位。在该实施例中，凸起段111211和凹入段112111的配合方式与上述实施例相同，在此不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，在第二锁定部分11211上，凹入段112111包括第一平面段112111a(如图13b所示)；在第一锁定部分11121上，凸起段111211包括第二平面段111211a(如图13a所示)。当凸起段111211卡入凹入段112111中两者互相凹凸配合时，第一平面段112111a和第二平面段111211a之间紧密贴合。面面贴合会增强凸起段111211和凹入段112111之间凹凸配合的紧固性，防止凸起段111211和凹入段112111互相脱离，从而导致衬垫1120从杯体1110中脱落，增强了凹入段112111和凸起段111211之间的卡接强度。
在一些实施例中，如图13a所示，凸起段111211还包括与第二平面段111211a相连接的第一椭圆弧段111211b。第一椭圆弧段111211b比第二平面段111211a更靠近杯体端面1111。如图13b所示，凹入段112111还包括用于与第一椭圆弧段111211b贴合的第三椭圆弧段112111b。第三椭圆弧段112111b的一端与第一平面段112111a连接。第三椭圆弧段112111b比第一平面段112111a更靠近衬垫端面1123。第三圆弧段112111b与第一椭圆弧段111211b的对应部分(贴合的部分)的曲率半径可以基本相同。
第一椭圆弧段111211b自第二平面段111211a开始曲率半径逐渐增大，最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比设置为第一预设值，以使第二锁定部分11211和第一锁定部分11121之间卡接更加稳定。第一预设值设置在0.3-0.6之间。即，第一椭圆弧段111211b的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比可以设置为0.3、0.4、0.5或者0.6等；在一些实施例中，第一椭圆弧段111211b的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比优选设置为0.45；当然，在其他实施例中，第一椭圆弧段111211b的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比还可以根据不同情况设置成其他数值。
平面曲线的曲率就是针对曲线上某个点的切线方向角对弧长的转动率，表明曲线偏离直线的程度。对于曲线，它等于最接近该点处曲线的圆弧的半径。对于表面，曲率半径是最适合正常截面或其组合的圆的半径。曲率半径主要是用来描述曲线上某处曲线弯曲变化的程度。
根据衬垫1120的材料可知衬垫1120为具有弹性的柔性结构，那么第一椭圆弧段111211b的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比就可以根据衬垫1120的弹性模量来设置。例如，对于弹性模量较小的衬垫 1120(例如，弹性模量为0.3GPa-0.8GPa的衬垫1120)，第一椭圆弧段111211b的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比就需要适当增大。例如，可以为0.5-0.6。例如，对于弹性模量较大的衬垫1120(例如，弹性模量为1GPa-5Gpa的衬垫1120)，第一椭圆弧段111211b的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比就需要适当减小。例如，可以为0.3-0.4。当衬垫1120的材料弹性模量较小时，凸起段111211和凹入段112111之间的脱离可能性就会增大，因此此时就应该加大第一椭圆弧段111211b的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比。而对于弹性模量较大的衬垫1120，此时衬垫1120的硬度较高，凸起段111211压入凹入段112111中的难度就会增加，此时就应该适当减小第一椭圆弧段111211b的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比，便于凸起段111211和凹入段112111之间的凹凸配合。
在一些实施例中，第一椭圆弧段111211b最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比设置在0.3-0.6之间这个合适的范围值内，才能够更好的与衬垫1120材料的弹性模量相适应。
在一些实施例中，第二锁定部11211还包括第一导向段112112。第一导向段112112设于凸出部1121的侧面上与凹入段112111相邻位置。在一些实施例中，凹入段112111可以位于衬垫端面1123与第一导向段112112之间。在一些实施例中，第一锁定部分11121还包括第二导向段111212。第二导向段111212设于凹陷部1112的侧面上与杯体端面1111相邻位置设置。在一些实施例中，第二导向段111212可以位于杯体端面1111与凸起段111211之间。第二导向段111212能够与第一导向段112112配合，以导向凸起段111211卡入凹入段112111内。在一些实施例中，如图13a所示，在第一锁定部分11121上，第二导向段111212可以比凸起段111211更靠近杯体端面1111上。在一些实施例中，如图13b所示，在第二锁定部分11211上，凹入段112111可以比第一导向段112112更靠近衬垫端面1123。
在一些实施例中，第二导向段111212的曲率大于凸起段111211的曲率。例如，第二导向段111212的最小曲率大于凸起段111211的最大曲率。在一些实施例中，第一导向段112112的曲率大于凹入段112111的曲率。例如，第一导向段112112的最小曲率大于凹入段112111的最大曲率。第一导向段112112与第二导向段111212配合而便于凸出部1121卡入凹陷部1112，第一导向段112112与第二导向段111212的曲率较大，以使得凹陷部1112和凸出部1121能够顺畅地卡合。凸起段111211和凹入段112111配合而防止凹陷部1112和凸出部1121脱离，凹陷部1112和凸出部1121的曲率较小，能够保证凹陷部1112和凸出部1121的卡接更加稳定。
在一些实施例中，如图13a所示，第一导向段112112包括互相相切连接的第二椭圆弧段112112a和倒圆角段112112b。第二椭圆弧段112112a位于凹入段112111靠近杯体1110(远离衬垫端面1123)的一端，且第二椭圆弧段112112a的两端分别连接第一平面段112111a和倒圆角段112112b。第一平面段112111a比倒圆角段112112b更靠近衬垫端面1123。第二椭圆弧段112112a自第一平面段112111a朝向倒圆角段112112b的方向曲率半径逐渐增大。
如图13b所示，第二导向段111212包括互相连接的倒角段111212a和导向弧段111212b。倒角段111212a比导向弧段111212b更靠近杯体端面1111设置，导向弧段111212b的两端分别连接倒角段111212a和第一椭圆弧段111211b。
在一些实施例中，第二椭圆弧段112112a的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比为第二预设值，以使第二锁定部分11211和第一锁定部分11121之间卡接更加稳定。第二预设值设置在0.1-0.2之间。即，第二椭圆弧段112112a的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比可以设置为0.1、0.12、0.14、0.16或者0.2等。在一些实施例中，第二椭圆弧段112112a的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比优选设置为0.16。当然，在其他实施例中，第二椭圆弧段112112a的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比还可以根据不同情况设置成其他数值。
此处将第二椭圆弧段112112a的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比设置在0.1-0.2之间，其原理和效果与第一椭圆弧段111211b的最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比的设置类似，也是为了与杯体1110材料的弹性模量相适应，在此不再赘述其原因。
在一些实施例中，第二导向段111212能够与第一导向段112112配合，以导向凸起段111211卡入凹入段112111内。当需要将衬垫1120装配入杯体1110的杯体内表面1114时，凸出部1121可以根据凹陷部1112上的倒角段111212a实现快速定位并对准凹陷部1112，此时倒圆角段112112b与倒角段111212a相接触，通过倒角段111212a的定位作用后，衬垫1120上的凸出部1121与杯体1110上的凹陷部1112依次对准，此时将衬垫1120轻轻放入杯体1110中，凸出部1121轻轻落入凹陷部1112中，倒圆角段112112b由倒角段111212a处轻轻滑至导向弧段111212b处，此时第二椭圆弧段112112a与导向弧段111212b相接触，第一导向段112112和第二导向段111212之间的导向配合，为凸起段111211卡入凹入段112111中做好了准备。
通过上述实施例中第一锁定部分11121以及第二锁定部分11211的结构设计，既能够保证凹陷部1112和凸出部1121能够顺畅地卡合，又能够保证凹陷部1112和凸出部1121的卡接更加稳定。
在一些实施例中，杯体1110和衬垫1120均可以使用各向异性材料。可以基于凹陷部1112和凸出部1121的结构以及凹陷部1112和凸出部1121使用过程中的受力情况进行受力仿真分析，从而分析出凹陷部1112和凸出部1121在不同方向上的受力情况，再针对该受力情况进行连接件30上进行力学性能(如刚度、塑性、韧性、强度、硬度和疲劳强度等性能的)设计。例如，可以分析凹陷部1112和凸出部1121受力较大的一个或多个方向，然后通过材料的设计，使得凹陷部1112和凸出部1121在受力较大的该一个或多个方向的强度更强。
可以理解地，第一锁定部分11121以及第二锁定部分11211还可以包括其他的结构，例如卡扣与卡槽。
如图14及图15所示，杯体内表面1114上靠近顶点位置设置有第一抗旋部分11141，衬垫外表面1122设置有第二抗旋部分11221；当衬垫1120安装在杯体1110中时，第一抗旋部分11141与第二抗旋部分11221配合，以限定衬垫1120与杯体1110之间的非轴向移动。
需要说明的是，非轴向移动指的是除轴向方向以外任意方向的移动。由于凸出部1121与凹陷部1112之间的装配已经限制了衬垫1120与杯体1110之间的轴向运动，因此设置第一抗旋部分11141和第二抗旋部分11221与凸出部1121与凹陷部1112之间配合便限定了衬垫1120与杯体1110之间的任意方向的运动，增强了衬垫1120与杯体1110之间的装配牢固性。
在一些实施例中，第一抗旋部分11141和第二抗旋部分11221中的一个可以包括多个抗旋凹槽111411，第一抗旋部分和第二抗旋部分11221中的另一个可以包括多个抗旋凸起112211。例如，衬垫外表面1122上开设有抗旋凹槽111411，杯体内表面1114上设有与抗旋凹槽111411相对应的抗旋凸起112211；或者，衬垫外表面1122上开设有抗旋凸起112211，杯体内表面1114上设有与抗旋凸起112211相对应的抗旋凹槽111411。抗旋凸起112211随衬垫1120装配于杯体1110中而与抗旋凹槽111411相配合，以实现衬垫1120与杯体1110之间的周向限位。
在一些实施例中，当抗旋凹槽111411设于杯体1110上，设于杯体内表面1114上的多个抗旋凹槽111411沿杯体内表面1114的周向等间隔布置。在一些实施例，当抗旋凹槽111411设于衬垫1120上，设于衬垫外表面1122上的多个抗旋凹槽111411沿衬垫外表面1122的周向等间隔布置。
在一些实施例中，抗旋凸起112211的数量可以设置为一个或多个。需要注意的是，当抗旋凸起112211设置为一个时，抗旋凸起112211的截面形状不可设置为类似为圆形这种无法限制衬垫1120与杯体1110之间的周向转动的形状。在此对抗旋凸起112211的数量不作具体限定，只要能够实现抗旋凸起112211和抗旋凹槽111411之间的配合能够实现衬垫1120和杯体1110之间的周向限位即可。
在一些实施例中，抗旋凸起112211的数量优选设置为三个。且三个抗旋凸起112211相对杯体1110的中心呈中心对称分布。相对应的，抗旋凹槽111411的数量也设置为三个，且三个抗旋凹槽111411相对衬垫1120的中心呈中心对称分布。在一些实施例中，凹陷部1112的数量是抗旋凹槽111411数量的整数倍，例如2倍、3倍，或其他整数倍。
在一些实施例中，抗旋凹槽111411和/或抗旋凸起112211均呈弧形设置。当然，在其他实施例中，抗旋凹槽111411和/或抗旋凸起112211还可以呈V字型、直线形、曲线型等其他形状。
在一些实施例中，抗旋凹槽111411和/或抗旋凸起112211可以呈多边形设置(即抗旋凹槽111411和/或抗旋凸起112211的垂直于各自的厚度方向的截面可以呈多边形)。可以理解地，只要能够实现衬垫1120和杯体1110之间的周向限位，抗旋凹槽111411和抗旋凸起112211可以为多种形状。抗旋凹槽111411和抗旋凸起112211的形状可以相同，也可以不同。例如，抗旋凹槽111411设于杯体1110上，抗旋凸起112211设于衬垫1120上，当抗旋凹槽111411和抗旋凸起112211的形状不同时，抗旋凸起112211的形状可以为直线形，抗旋凹槽111411的形状可以为多边形，当抗旋凸起112211放入抗旋凹槽111411中，抗旋凸起112211沿衬垫1120的周向的两端可以与抗旋凹槽111411的沿杯体1110的周向的两侧向抵靠。
在一些实施例中，相邻凹陷部1112之间绕杯体1110中轴线的夹角α相同。也就是说，凹陷部1112沿杯体1110周向方向均匀分布于杯体端面1111上。在一些实施例中，相邻抗旋凹槽111411之间绕杯体1110中轴线的夹角相同。也就是说，抗旋凹槽111411沿杯体1110周向方向均匀分布于杯体内表面1114中。
在一些实施例中，相邻抗旋凹槽111411之间绕杯体1110中轴线的夹角β是相邻凹陷部1112之间绕杯体1110中轴线的夹角α的整数倍。
之所以这么设置，是因为相邻抗旋凹槽111411之间绕杯体1110中轴线的夹角β是相邻凹陷部1112之间绕杯体1110中轴线的夹角α的整数倍时，则无论衬垫1120如何旋转，都能方便的将抗旋凸起112211和抗旋凹槽、凸出部1121和凹陷部1112完整的配合在一起。假设当相邻凹陷部1112之间绕杯体1110中轴线的夹角α与相邻抗旋凹槽111411之间绕杯体1110中轴线的夹角β不成倍数关系时，则会使得抗旋凸起112211和抗旋凹槽配合的时候，凸出部1121和凹陷部1112之间只能在固定位置进行配合， 则会大大增加装配的困难性，从而使得衬垫1120与杯体1110之间难以装配。
在衬垫1120和杯体1110互相装配的过程中，将衬垫1120上的凸出部1121与杯体1110的凹陷部1112通过凹陷部1112上倒角段111212a定位对齐压入，在凸出部1121上的倒圆角段112112b与凹陷部1112上的导向弧段111212b接触前，此时凸出部1121与凹陷部1112之间已实现周向锁合，即实现对心；随后继续下压衬垫1120，使凸出部1121上的第二椭圆弧段112112a沿着凹陷部1112上的导向弧段111212b下滑，最终实现凹入段112111上的第一平面段112111a与凸起段111211上的第二平面段111211a互相贴合，凸起段111211卡入凹入段112111中，此时衬垫1120与杯体1110实现装配，并且抗旋凸起112211与抗旋凹槽111411自动实现对准贴合。
本说明书提供的髋臼杯1100，通过在凸出部1121上设置第二锁定部分11211，凹陷部1112上设置第一锁定部分11121，从而使得在第二锁定部分11211和第一锁定部分11121互相配合前，凸出部1121和凹陷部1112首先实现对准，然后再让第二锁定部分11211和第一锁定部分11121互相配合，如此避免了凸出部1121和凹陷部1112之间的多次对准，大大降低了衬垫1120和杯体1110之间的装配难度。
上文已对基本概念做了描述，显然，对于本领域技术人员来说，上述详细披露仅仅作为示例，而并不构成对本说明书的限定。虽然此处并没有明确说明，本领域技术人员可能会对本说明书进行各种修改、改进和修正。该类修改、改进和修正在本说明书中被建议，所以该类修改、改进、修正仍属于本说明书示范实施例的精神和范围。
同时，本说明书使用了特定词语来描述本说明书的实施例。如“一个实施例”、“一实施例”、和/或“一些实施例”意指与本说明书至少一个实施例相关的某一特征、结构或特点。因此，应强调并注意的是，本说明书中在不同位置两次或多次提及的“一实施例”或“一个实施例”或“一个替代性实施例”并不一定是指同一实施例。此外，本说明书的一个或多个实施例中的某些特征、结构或特点可以进行适当的组合。
此外，除非权利要求中明确说明，本说明书所述处理元素和序列的顺序、数字字母的使用、或其他名称的使用，并非用于限定本说明书流程和方法的顺序。尽管上述披露中通过各种示例讨论了一些目前认为有用的发明实施例，但应当理解的是，该类细节仅起到说明的目的，附加的权利要求并不仅限于披露的实施例，相反，权利要求旨在覆盖所有符合本说明书一些实施例实质和范围的修正和等价组合。例如，虽然以上所描述的系统组件可以通过硬件设备实现，但是也可以只通过软件的解决方案得以实现，如在现有的服务器或移动设备上安装所描述的系统。
同理，应当注意的是，为了简化本说明书披露的表述，从而帮助对一个或多个发明实施例的理解，前文对本说明书一些实施例的描述中，有时会将多种特征归并至一个实施例、附图或对其的描述中。但是，这种披露方法并不意味着本说明书对象所需要的特征比权利要求中提及的特征多。实际上，实施例的特征要少于上述披露的单个实施例的全部特征。
一些实施例中使用了描述成分、属性数量的数字，应当理解的是，此类用于实施例描述的数字，在一些示例中使用了修饰词“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”来修饰。除非另外说明，“大约”、“近似”或“大体上”表明所述数字允许有±20％的变化。相应地，在一些实施例中，说明书和权利要求中使用的数值参数均为近似值，该近似值根据个别实施例所需特点可以发生改变。在一些实施例中，数值参数应考虑规定的有效数位并采用一般位数保留的方法。尽管本说明书一些实施例中用于确认其范围广度的数值域和参数为近似值，在具体实施例中，此类数值的设定在可行范围内尽可能精确。
针对本说明书引用的每个专利、专利申请、专利申请公开物和其他材料，如文章、书籍、说明书、出版物、文档等，特此将其全部内容并入本说明书作为参考。与本说明书内容不一致或产生冲突的申请历史文件除外，对本说明书权利要求最广范围有限制的文件(当前或之后附加于本说明书中的)也除外。需要说明的是，如果本说明书附属材料中的描述、定义、和/或术语的使用与本说明书所述内容有不一致或冲突的地方，以本说明书的描述、定义和/或术语的使用为准。
最后，应当理解的是，本说明书中所述实施例仅用以说明本说明书一些实施例的原则。其他的变形也可能属于本说明书的范围。因此，作为示例而非限制，本说明书一些实施例的替代配置可视为与本说明书的教导一致。相应地，本说明书的实施例不仅限于本说明书明确介绍和描述的实施例。

Claims (30)

  1. 一种髋臼杯，其中，包括杯体和至少部分设于所述杯体上的安装结构，所述杯体呈半球形，所述髋臼杯通过所述安装结构与其他结构连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述安装结构包括多个安装孔以及设于所述多个安装孔的至少一个中的堵孔塞，所述安装孔开设在所述杯体上且贯穿所述杯体，所述杯体通过所述安装孔连接到骨骼上；
    所述堵孔塞包括本体和至少两个连接构件，所述至少两个连接构件围绕所述本体间隔布置；
    所述连接构件包括至少一个第一连接件，所述第一连接件包括第一端部和第二端部，所述第一端部连接于所述本体沿周向的外表面，所述第二端部连接于所述安装孔的孔壁；
    其中，所述第一连接件从所述第一端部指向所述第二端部的方向与所述杯体在所述安装孔的轴线处的内法线之间的夹角为锐角。
  3. 根据权利要求2中所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一连接件的第一端部的宽度大于第二端部的宽度。
  4. 根据权利要求3中所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一端部的宽度为750μm-4500μm，所述第二端部的宽度为150μm-300μm。
  5. 根据权利要求3中所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一端部的宽度与所述第二端部的宽度的比值为5-15。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一连接件的宽度沿所述第一端部指向所述第二端部的方向逐渐减小。
  7. 根据权利要求2中所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一连接件的第一端部的厚度不小于第二端部的厚度。
  8. 根据权利要求7中所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一端部的厚度为1mm-2mm，所述第二端部的厚度为0.8mm-1mm。
  9. 根据权利要求7中所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一端部的厚度与所述第二端部的厚度的比值为1-2。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一连接件的厚度沿所述第一端部指向所述第二端部的方向逐渐减小。
  11. 根据权利要求2所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述连接构件还包括至少一个第二连接件，各所述第二连接件包括相对设置的第三端部和第四端部，所述第三端部连接于所述本体沿周向的外表面，所述第四端部连接于所述安装孔的孔壁；
    所述第二连接件从所述第三端部指向所述第四端部的方向与所述安装孔的轴向垂直；
    所述第二连接件和所述第一连接件在所述安装孔的轴向上间隔布置。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一连接件与所述第二连接件之间具有间隔空间，所述第一连接件、第二连接件以及所述间隔空间的体积之和与所述间隔空间的体积的比值为4-8。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述安装孔的孔壁上开设有凹槽，所述凹槽用于容纳所述第一连接件的第二端部和/或所述第二连接件的第四端部。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一连接件的所述第二端部设有第一缩颈部，所述第二端部通过所述第一缩颈部连接在所述安装孔的孔壁上；所述第二端部的宽度大于所述第一缩颈部的最大宽度；
    和/或，所述第二连接件的所述第四端部设有第二缩颈部，所述第四端部通过所述第二缩颈部连接在所述安装孔的孔壁上，所述第四端部的宽度大于所述第二缩颈部的最大宽度；所述第一缩颈部和/或所述第二 缩颈部均容纳于所述凹槽内。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一连接件沿所述安装孔的轴向的两端的两个端面中，至少一个所述侧面被构造为弧面；和/或，所述第二连接件沿所述安装孔的轴向的两端的两个端面中，至少一个所述端面被构造为弧面。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一连接件沿所述安装孔的轴向的两端的所述两个所述端面中，靠近所述杯体的凹面的一个所述端面被构造为凸面状；和/或，
    所述第一连接件沿所述安装孔的轴向的两端的两个所述端面中，朝向所述杯体的凸面的一个所述端面被构造为凹面状；和/或，
    所述第二连接件沿所述安装孔的轴向的两端的两个所述端面中，靠近所述杯体的凹面的一个所述端面被构造为凸面状；和/或，
    所述第二连接件沿所述安装孔的轴向的两端的两个所述端面中，朝向所述杯体的凸面的一个所述端面被构造为凹面状。
  17. 根据权利要求2中所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述杯体包括基体、第一多孔层和第二多孔层；所述第一多孔层的孔隙率和所述第二多孔层的孔隙率均大于所述基体的孔隙率；
    至少部分基体与所述第一多孔层在所述安装孔的轴向上层叠布置，且所述第一多孔层位于所述杯体的凸面上，所述第二多孔层位于所述堵孔塞的靠近所述杯体的凸面的一侧上。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一多孔层和所述第二多孔层的孔隙率为20％～80％。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一多孔层与所述第二多孔层之间设有环状间隔。
  20. 根据权利要求1所述的髋臼杯，其中，
    所述杯体具有限定内部空间的杯体内表面和杯体外表面，以及连接所述杯体内表面和所述杯体外表面的杯体端面，所述杯体内表面限定内部空间；所述髋臼杯还包括半球形的衬垫，所述衬垫安装在所述内部空间中，所述衬垫具有衬垫外表面；
    所述安装结构包括凹陷部和凸出部，所述凹陷部形成在所述杯体端面上以及所述杯体内表面上，所述凹陷部的侧面上设置有第一锁定部分；所述凸出部设于所述衬垫外表面，所述凸出部的侧面上设置有第二锁定部分；
    当所述衬垫通过所述凸出部与所述凹陷部的适配安装在所述杯体中，且通过所述第一锁定部分与所述第二锁定部分配合实现所述衬垫与所述杯体之间沿所述杯体的轴向的限位。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述衬垫还包括衬垫内表面，以及连接所述衬垫内表面和所述衬垫外表面的衬垫端面，所述凸出部形成在所述衬垫端面上且在所述衬垫外表面上延伸。
  22. 根据权利要求20所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一锁定部分包括凸起段，所述第二锁定部分包括凹入段，所述凸起段和所述凹入段互相配合实现所述衬垫与所述杯体之间沿所述杯体的轴向的限位；
    或者，所述第一锁定部分包括凹入段，所述第二锁定部分为凸起段，所述凹入段和所述凸起段互相配合限定所述衬垫与所述杯体之间的轴向移动。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第二锁定部分还包括第一导向段，所述第一导向段设于所述凸出部的侧面上与所述凹入段相邻位置；
    所述第一锁定部分还包括第二导向段，所述第二导向段设于所述凹陷部的侧面上与所述杯体端面相邻位置；
    所述第二导向段能够与所述第一导向段配合，以导向所述凸起段卡入所述凹入段内。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述凹入段包括第一平面段，所述凸起段包括第二平面段，当所述凸起段卡入所述凹入段中时，所述第一平面段和所述第二平面段贴合。
  25. 根据权利要求24所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述凸起段还包括与所述第二平面段相连接的第一椭圆弧段，所述凹入段还包括与所述第一椭圆弧段贴合的第三椭圆弧段；所述第一椭圆弧段自所述第二平面段 开始曲率半径逐渐增大，所述第一椭圆弧段最小曲率半径与最大曲率半径之比为0.3-0.6。
  26. 根据权利要求20所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述杯体内表面设置有第一抗旋部分，所述衬垫外表面设置有第二抗旋部分；
    当所述衬垫安装在所述杯体的内部空间中时，所述第一抗旋部分与所述第二抗旋部分配合，以限定所述衬垫与所述杯体之间的所述杯体的周向移动。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述第一抗旋部分和所述第二抗旋部分中的一个包括多个抗旋凹槽，所述第一抗旋部分和所述第二抗旋部分中的另一个包括多个抗旋凸起。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述凹陷部的数量是多个，多个所述凹陷部沿所述杯体的周向等间隔布置；
    设于所述杯体内表面上的多个所述抗旋凹槽沿所述杯体内表面的周向等间隔布置，设于所述衬垫外表面上的多个所述抗旋凹槽沿所述衬垫外表面的周向等间隔布置。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述凹陷部的数量是所述抗旋凹槽数量的整数倍。
  30. 根据权利要求27所述的髋臼杯，其中，所述抗旋凹槽和所述抗旋凸起均呈弧形设置。
PCT/CN2022/122243 2021-09-28 2022-09-28 一种髋臼杯 WO2023051636A1 (zh)

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