WO2023051610A1 - 一种基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统 - Google Patents

一种基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023051610A1
WO2023051610A1 PCT/CN2022/122145 CN2022122145W WO2023051610A1 WO 2023051610 A1 WO2023051610 A1 WO 2023051610A1 CN 2022122145 W CN2022122145 W CN 2022122145W WO 2023051610 A1 WO2023051610 A1 WO 2023051610A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
state
stator
power generation
pulse
generation module
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/122145
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴柏志
陈威
马清明
杨宁宁
侯树刚
肖红兵
李闪
刘庆龙
刘文庭
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Oilfield Service Corp
Geosteering and Logging Research Institute of Sinopec Matrix Corp
Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Technology Service Co Ltd
Sinopec Matrix Corp
Original Assignee
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Oilfield Service Corp
Geosteering and Logging Research Institute of Sinopec Matrix Corp
Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Technology Service Co Ltd
Sinopec Matrix Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China Petroleum and Chemical Corp, Sinopec Oilfield Service Corp, Geosteering and Logging Research Institute of Sinopec Matrix Corp, Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Technology Service Co Ltd, Sinopec Matrix Corp filed Critical China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Priority to US18/691,563 priority Critical patent/US12366155B2/en
Priority to GB2405834.9A priority patent/GB2626118B/en
Priority to CA3231557A priority patent/CA3231557A1/en
Publication of WO2023051610A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023051610A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
    • E21B47/18—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry
    • E21B47/20—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry by modulation of mud waves, e.g. by continuous modulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • E21B44/02—Automatic control of the tool feed
    • E21B44/04—Automatic control of the tool feed in response to the torque of the drive ; Measuring drilling torque
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
    • E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
    • E21B47/18—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves through the well fluid, e.g. mud pressure pulse telemetry
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H04L67/125—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks involving control of end-device applications over a network
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of measurement-while-drilling of petroleum drilling engineering, in particular to a mud pulse generation system based on two-way communication.
  • the switching valve type negative pulse and positive pulse cannot meet the requirements due to the low transmission rate.
  • the application of the transmission of a large number of geological parameters is limited.
  • the continuous wave pulse transmission method has a high transmission rate and strong anti-interference ability. It may become the most widely used data transmission method with great development potential.
  • the existing continuous wave mud pulse signal generator has two types: rotary valve type and shear valve type. Its working principle is mainly to install a stator above or below the rotor, and the rotor is driven by the motor alone or under the joint action of the motor and the mud. The flow area of the stator and rotor changes periodically, so that the pressure in the drill string produces continuous positive pressure pulses. After the control system codes, the rotor rotates under control to form a series of periodic positive pressure pulse signals, which are transmitted to the ground receiving device , its data transmission speed is fast, can reach 5-40bit.
  • the conventional on-off valve pulser has the advantage of low power consumption, it needs to be powered by batteries; moreover, the high-speed continuous wave pulser drives the rotor to overcome the hydraulic force and frictional torque to rotate at high speed or shear oscillation, and the power required Larger, usually equipped with a dedicated mud generator for power supply.
  • the present invention provides a mud pulse generation system based on two-way communication, including: a turbine stator, which includes at least two stator openings with preset opening angles; a turbine rotor, the side wall of the turbine rotor At least one wide blade and at least one narrow blade are formed at intervals through several openings; the power generation module is used to drive and generate electricity under the rotation of the turbine rotor; the main control device is used to control all the blades based on uplink information The dynamic load switch of the power generation module is used to control the relative time when the wide blade or the narrow blade passes through the stator opening, generate an upward pulse signal with a variable time interval at the stator opening, and monitor the power generation module The output three-phase AC voltage signal is decoded to obtain downlink information.
  • a turbine stator which includes at least two stator openings with preset opening angles
  • a turbine rotor the side wall of the turbine rotor
  • At least one wide blade and at least one narrow blade are formed at intervals through several openings
  • the preset opening angle satisfies the stator opening angle condition, wherein the stator opening angle condition is that the ratio of the flat angle to the preset opening angle is an integer and the ratio is greater than or equal to 2.
  • the axial height of the turbine stator is determined using the following expression:
  • H1 represents the axial height of the turbine stator
  • D1 represents the maximum outer diameter of the turbine stator
  • B represents the helix angle of the turbine stator; to the same height.
  • the center angle corresponding to the wide blade is the same as the preset opening angle, or the center angle corresponding to the wide blade is smaller than and close to the preset opening angle.
  • the center angle corresponding to the narrow blade is determined according to the following expression:
  • D2 represents the angle of the center of the circle corresponding to the narrow blade
  • E represents the angle of the center of the circle corresponding to the wide blade
  • n represents the narrow blade of the current rotor when at least one narrow blade is provided within the semicircle range of the section of the turbine rotor the total number of .
  • the power generation module adopts a multi-pole pair number low-speed generator device, wherein the number of pole pairs of the power generation module is twice the ratio of the circumference angle to the preset opening angle.
  • the main control device includes: a pulse control module, which is used to select different time interval encoding strategies according to the state monitoring results of the output voltage of the power generation module and the uplink information that needs to be transmitted to the ground, so as to generate The uplink pulse signal.
  • a pulse control module which is used to select different time interval encoding strategies according to the state monitoring results of the output voltage of the power generation module and the uplink information that needs to be transmitted to the ground, so as to generate The uplink pulse signal.
  • the pulse control module is configured to monitor the waveform continuous change state of each phase signal of the three-phase AC voltage output by the power generation module, and control the dynamic The load switch is in an off state, wherein the waveform in the first state is composed of a plurality of first waveforms with a full wave time period of t1 and a second wave form with a full wave time period of t2, and the first waveform is composed of The narrow blade is formed when the stator opening passes, and the second waveform and the pulse in the upward pulse signal are formed when the wide blade passes through the stator opening.
  • the pulse control module is also used to identify the uplink information obtained from the downhole measurement and control system, determine the corresponding time interval coding strategy combination according to the uplink information, and then combine the time interval coding strategies according to the time interval coding strategy combination
  • the dynamic load switch on-off control method corresponding to each state element indicated in makes the uplink pulse signal with variable time interval formed at the turbine stator, so as to realize the transmission of uplink information to the ground, wherein the time interval code
  • the policy combination is formed by arranging different types of state elements according to the order of the specified states generated based on the uplink information, the state elements include the first state and different types of first state change states, and the first state change state is in The state of the three-phase AC voltage signal formed when the position of one or more first waveforms appearing in the first state waveform is replaced by the pulse control module through the opening control of the dynamic load.
  • the main control device further includes: a decoding module, which is used to monitor the voltage amplitude variation characteristics of the three-phase AC voltage signal, and when it is detected that the voltage signal contains downlink information, the current three-phase AC The voltage signal is solved and corresponding downlink information is generated, so that the downlink information is forwarded to the downhole measurement and control system.
  • a decoding module which is used to monitor the voltage amplitude variation characteristics of the three-phase AC voltage signal, and when it is detected that the voltage signal contains downlink information, the current three-phase AC The voltage signal is solved and corresponding downlink information is generated, so that the downlink information is forwarded to the downhole measurement and control system.
  • the main control device further includes: a rectification module, which is connected to the three-phase AC output terminal of the power generation module, and is used to obtain and rectify the three-phase AC voltage output by the power generation module, so as to The controllable load power supply of the power generation module; the DC voltage conversion module, which is connected to the output terminal of the rectification module, is used to perform DC voltage conversion processing on the output voltage signal after rectification, and generate power signals of different DC voltage levels.
  • the downhole measurement and control system and the decoding module in the main control device and the pulse control module supply power.
  • the amplitude variation of the three-phase AC voltage signal is realized through mud displacement variation control.
  • one or more embodiments in the above solutions may have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
  • the invention discloses a mud pulse generation system based on two-way communication.
  • the system adopts a low-speed generator module with multi-pole pairs, and is driven by a stator with a specific fan-shaped opening and a turbine rotor with two types of straight blades with equidistant distribution.
  • the control circuit outputs signals to the generator. Through rectification, it can supply power to the external system. At the same time, through the on-off control of the load, the load of the generator can be dynamically adjusted.
  • a specific change rule of the generator load is formed, so that the turbine rotor is in the During one revolution, rotor blades of two cross-sectional forms pass through the opening of the turbine stator to generate a pressure pulse mud signal based on a variable interval between adjacent effective pulses. Due to the influence of the generator load, the timing of effective pressure pulses corresponds to specific coding rules. , finally forming a sequence of pressure pulses that the ground can receive and decode. In addition, affected by the change of the displacement under the control of the ground system, the rotational speed of the turbine rotor changes, thereby causing the voltage output of the generator to change.
  • the displacement is controlled by the ground according to the set rules to produce a specific displacement change.
  • the circuit detects the change of generator voltage, and calculates the data according to the set rules.
  • the frequency of pressure fluctuation pulses generated by the present invention is jointly determined by the characteristics of the stator, rotor and power generation module in the present invention, and can generate a pulse rate much higher than that of a traditional switch-valve pulser, even approaching or exceeding a continuous wave pulser. And while realizing the generation of mud pulse, no external power supply is required, and external power supply can be provided.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application environment structure of a two-way communication-based mud pulse generating system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a mud pulse generation system based on two-way communication according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of a turbine stator in a two-way communication-based mud pulse generating system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a top view of a turbine stator in a two-way communication-based mud pulse generating system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is an axial sectional view of a turbine stator in a two-way communication-based mud pulse generating system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 6 is a front view of the turbine rotor in the two-way communication-based mud pulse generation system according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a top view of a turbine stator in a two-way communication-based mud pulse generation system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a main control device in a two-way communication-based mud pulse generation system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the coding principle of the pulse control module in the two-way communication-based mud pulse generating system according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the steps shown in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system, such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Also, although a logical order is shown in the flowcharts, in some cases the steps shown or described may be performed in an order different from that shown or described herein.
  • the switching valve type negative pulse and positive pulse cannot meet the requirements due to the low transmission rate.
  • the application of the transmission of a large number of geological parameters is limited.
  • the continuous wave pulse transmission method has a high transmission rate and strong anti-interference ability. It may become the most widely used data transmission method with great development potential.
  • the existing continuous wave mud pulse signal generator has two types: rotary valve type and shear valve type. Its working principle is mainly to install a stator above or below the rotor, and the rotor is driven by the motor alone or under the joint action of the motor and the mud. The flow area of the stator and rotor changes periodically, so that the pressure in the drill string produces continuous positive pressure pulses. After the control system codes, the rotor rotates under control to form a series of periodic positive pressure pulse signals, which are transmitted to the ground receiving device , its data transmission speed is fast, can reach 5-40bit.
  • the conventional on-off valve pulser has the advantage of low power consumption, it needs to be powered by batteries; moreover, the high-speed continuous wave pulser drives the rotor to overcome the hydraulic force and frictional torque to rotate at high speed or shear oscillation, and the power required Larger, usually equipped with a dedicated mud generator for power supply.
  • the invention provides a mud pulse generating system based on two-way communication.
  • the system includes: a turbine stator comprising at least two stator openings with a preset opening angle; a turbine rotor positioned below the turbine stator, wherein the sidewall of the turbine rotor is spaced by several openings to form at least one wide blade and at least one narrow blade.
  • the main control module is used to control the relative position of the wide or narrow blade through the stator opening by controlling the dynamic load switch of the power generation module based on the information to be uploaded to the ground, and the stator opening generates an uplink pulse signal with a variable time interval , and acquire the mud displacement signal and decode it, so that the downhole measurement and control system can obtain the information transmitted from the ground to the downhole by analyzing the downhole pulse signal.
  • the present invention can realize the occurrence of mud pulse without external power supply, and can supply power to the outside; moreover, according to the content of the uplink information, through the control of the timing of the on-off state of the dynamic load, a power generation based on power generation can be formed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the application environment of the two-way communication-based mud pulse generation system according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a mud pulse generation system based on two-way communication according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the mud pulse generating system of the present invention includes: a turbine stator 2 , a turbine rotor 3 , a power generation module 41 and a main control device 15 .
  • the power generation module 41 includes the power generation module rotor 7 , the power generation module stator 26 and other auxiliary structures, and the power generation module 41 can output a three-phase AC voltage signal to the outside.
  • the turbine stator 2 comprises at least two stator openings 35 with preset opening angles.
  • the turbine rotor 3 is located below the turbine stator 2. Wherein, at least one wide vane 37 and at least one narrow vane 38 are formed at intervals of several openings on the side wall of the turbine rotor 3 . Since the power generation module 41 will continuously rotate under the drive of the mud to complete power generation, and the real-time control of the mud displacement through the ground system will generate a corresponding mud displacement signal at the outlet of the mud channel of the power generation module 41 . Therefore, the power generation module 41 described in the embodiment of the present invention will be used to generate power for driving the turbine rotor 3 under continuous rotation, and generate a mud displacement signal corresponding to the down pulse signal. Meanwhile, the power generation module 41 is also used to supply power to the main control device 15 and the downhole measurement and control system 45 .
  • the main control device 15 is used to control the dynamic load of the power generation module 41 based on the (first type) information that the downhole measurement and control system 45 needs to upload to the ground (including various measurement data, instructions and other information that need to be transmitted to the ground).
  • the switch 46 controls the relative time change of the wide vane 37 or the narrow vane 38 passing through the stator opening 35 , so that an upward pulse signal with a variable time interval characteristic is generated at the stator opening 35 .
  • the main control device 15 is also used to obtain the three-phase AC voltage signal output by the power generation module 41 and decode the voltage signal to obtain downlink information, so that the downhole measurement and control system 45 can obtain the ( The second category) information (including various instructions, parameter data and other information that need to be transmitted downhole).
  • the mud pulse generating system described in the embodiment of the present invention can generate positive pressure uplink pulse signals with higher frequency and variable time intervals, and can also obtain downlink information sent by the ground to realize two-way communication. Other downhole systems are powered.
  • the flow tube 19 is included.
  • the flow tube 19 is installed on the outside of the mud pulse generation system, and the support ring 17 is installed on the lower part of the flow 19, wherein the support ring 17 is axially assembled in the inner hole of the suspension sub-joint 1 .
  • the turbine stator 2 is fixedly connected to the flow tube 19, and the axial limiting part of the turbine stator 2 is combined with the support ring 17 to form the external support of the entire system. After the mud pulse generation system is assembled, it is integrally installed on the suspension sub-section 1 in the inner hole.
  • the turbine rotor 3 is fixedly connected to the generator rotor 7 via the transition piece 4 .
  • the main control device 15 is connected to the stator 26 of the power generation module through the plug 13 .
  • the turbine stator 2 includes at least two stator openings 35 , and the turbine rotor 3 includes at least one wide blade 37 and at least one narrow blade 38 .
  • the transition piece 4 is provided with at least one radial hole 5 arranged in the circumferential direction.
  • a permanent magnet 8 and a magnet sheath 9 are installed inside the generator module rotor 7 .
  • the front end of the permanent magnet 8 is equipped with radial and thrust bearings 31, and the lower end is equipped with radial bearings 11.
  • a sheath 10 is installed on the outside of the stator 26 of the power generation module, and a mandrel 27 is inside.
  • the upper end of the permanent magnet 8 is a sliding sleeve 29 and a locking ring 6
  • the lower end of the permanent magnet 8 is a plug 13 .
  • a thrust ring 33 is installed on the locking ring 6; an inner radial and a thrust bearing 30 are installed on the sliding sleeve 29; an inner radial bearing 12 is installed on the outside of the upper part of the plug 13, and three seals are installed inside the plug 13 Pin 32.
  • the outside of the main control device 15 is equipped with a pressure-resistant cylinder 14, and the top of the pressure-resistant cylinder 14 is connected with the plug 13 by threads, and is sealed by a sealing ring 20 to ensure the sealing of the pressure-resistant cylinder 14 and the plug 13.
  • a friction ring 21 is also provided between the plug 13 and the anti-pressure cylinder 14 to reduce the twisting of the screw thread.
  • the lower part of the anti-pressure cylinder 14 is equipped with an output plug 16 and an outer cylinder 18, and the outer cylinder 18 passes through the inner hole of the support ring 17, and is connected with other downhole equipment (other downhole measurement and control systems) 45 that need to be connected with the mud generation system , the inside of the output plug 16 can be installed with a pressure-bearing connector to realize data transmission and power connection with other downhole equipment through cables.
  • the turbine stator 2 is axially installed at the front end of the turbine rotor 3 to form a fluid guide and a fluid cross-section for the flow into the turbine rotor 3 .
  • the turbine rotor 3 and the transition piece 4 can be fixedly connected, or integrally formed, and the transition piece 4 and the power generation module rotor 7 are connected by threads.
  • a permanent magnet 8 and a magnet sheath 9 are installed inside the rotor 7 of the power generation module.
  • the permanent magnet 8 is a multi-piece permanent magnet array to form a multi-pole array, which rotates synchronously with the turbine rotor 3 to form a magnetic field change.
  • the magnet sheath 9 must be made of non-magnetic material, has high corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and has a certain structural strength to realize the structural support and protection of the permanent magnet 8 .
  • Radial and thrust bearings 31 are installed on the front end of the rotor 7 of the power generation module, and radial bearings 11 are installed on the lower end of the rotor 7 of the power generation module, and both the bearings 31 and the bearings 11 are sliding bearings.
  • a plurality of radial holes 5 are arranged on the side wall of the transition piece 4 along the axial direction to form a mud channel for transporting mud to the internal gap, lubricating the bearing system, and cooling the stator 26 of the power generation module.
  • the plug 13 is threadedly connected to the mandrel 27 and is provided with two seals 24 .
  • the generator module stator 26 is axially installed on the mandrel 27 , and a sliding sleeve 29 is installed on the upper part of the generator module stator 26 , and the inner hole of the sliding sleeve 29 cooperates with the mandrel 27 .
  • the locking ring 6 is connected to the mandrel 27 through threads, and compresses the sliding sleeve 29 and the stator 26 of the power generation module in the axial direction.
  • a sheath 10 is installed outside the stator 26 of the power generation module, and the sheath 10 must be made of non-metallic material to avoid eddy currents in the alternating magnetic field.
  • the three-phase output line of the three-phase AC voltage signal of the stator 26 of the power generation module is connected to the main control device 15 through three sealing pins 32 installed on the plug 13 and evenly distributed along the circumferential direction.
  • the sealing materials 25, 28 are the same A variety of materials are potted and solidified at one time to fill the aforementioned cavity together, so as to realize the sealing and support protection of the stator 26 of the power generation module in the downhole mud environment.
  • a thrust ring 33 is installed on the locking ring 6, and an inner radial and thrust bearing 30 is installed on the sliding sleeve 29.
  • the radial and thrust bearing 30 and the radial and thrust bearing 31 form a bearing pair together, which is realized as The upper end of the rotor 7 of the power generation module provides radial support and axial limit.
  • an inner radial bearing 12 is installed on the plug 13, and a tolerance ring 22 is installed between the plug 13 and the inner radial bearing 12 to ensure the installation accuracy of the inner radial bearing 12 on the plug 13.
  • the inner radial bearing 12 The radial sliding bearing pair is formed with the radial bearing 11, so as to provide radial support for the lower end of the rotor 7 of the power generation module.
  • Fig. 3 is a front view of a turbine stator in a two-way communication-based mud pulse generating system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a top view of a turbine stator in a two-way communication-based mud pulse generating system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is an axial sectional view of a turbine stator in a two-way communication-based mud pulse generating system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the turbine stator 2 includes at least two stator openings 35 with preset opening angles. At least two fan-shaped opening grooves are arranged on the side wall of the turbine stator 2 .
  • the stator axial height 34 (refer to FIG. 3 ), the (preset) opening angle A of the stator opening 35 (refer to FIG. 4 ), and the angle B of the stator helix 36 (refer to FIG. 5 ) are turbine Key parameters of Stator 2.
  • the structure of the turbine stator 2 is set by configuring the key structural parameters of the turbine stator 2 .
  • the axial height 34 of the turbine stator 2 and the helix angle 36 of the turbine stator 2 jointly determine the rotational speed and output power of the turbine rotor 3, and at the same time, the axial height (H1 value) of the turbine stator 2
  • the size also determines the pressure loss and energy conversion efficiency of the mud flowing through the turbine section.
  • the size of the helix angle (B value) of the turbine stator 2 determines the corresponding angle when the mud flowing out of the turbine stator 2 hits the blades of the turbine rotor 3 .
  • the axial height and helix angle of the turbine stator 2 should satisfy the following expression relationship:
  • H1 represents the axial height of the turbine stator 2
  • D1 represents the maximum outer diameter of the turbine stator 2
  • B represents the helix angle of the turbine stator 2 .
  • Fig. 6 is a front view of the turbine rotor in the two-way communication-based mud pulse generation system according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a top view of a turbine stator in a two-way communication-based mud pulse generation system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the dimension value H2 corresponding to the axial height 39 (refer to FIG. 6 ) of the turbine rotor 3 should be the same as the axial height H1 of the turbine stator 2 in principle.
  • each fan-shaped groove is arranged through the axial direction of the rotor 3, and a fan-shaped blade is formed between each fan-shaped groove.
  • the blades include at least one wide blade 37 and at least one narrow blade.
  • the center angle E corresponding to each wide blade 37 should be the same as the preset opening angle A, or the center angle E corresponding to each wide blade 37 is smaller than and close to the preset opening angle A (that is, slightly smaller than Preset opening angle A).
  • the center angle D2 corresponding to each narrow blade 38 is determined according to the following expression:
  • D2 represents the angle of the center of circle corresponding to the narrow blade 38
  • E represents the angle of the center of circle corresponding to the wide blade 37
  • n represents the narrow blade of the current turbine rotor 2 when at least one narrow blade 38 is set within the semicircle range of the cross section of the turbine rotor 2 The total number of 2.
  • both the narrow blades 38 and the wide blades 37 are fan-shaped and arranged in the axial direction.
  • the angle E is the same as or slightly smaller than the turbine stator opening angle A; if four narrow blades 38 are set, the angle D ⁇ ( 180-E)/3.
  • the amplitude variation of the three-phase AC voltage signal generated by the power generation module 41 is realized by the ground system through the real-time control of the variation of the mud displacement.
  • the ground system will adjust the corresponding real-time value of mud displacement according to the downlink information.
  • the turbine rotor 3 rotates at a speed proportional to the real-time value of mud displacement.
  • the turbine stator 2 and the turbine rotor 3 enter the interior of the pulsator, and by regularly changing the flow area between the turbine stator 2 and the turbine rotor 3, a flow that changes according to a certain law can be generated at the rear end of the turbine rotor 3 (the end surface near the downhole).
  • the mud pressure pulse signal drives the power generation module to generate electricity, thereby generating a three-phase AC power signal that matches the real-time value of the mud displacement. It is also possible to generate a mud pressure pulse signal (upward mud pulse signal) that changes according to a certain rule at the front end of the turbine stator 2 (the end face close to the ground).
  • the power generation module 41 adopts a multi-pole pair number low-speed generator device.
  • the number of pole pairs of the power generation module 41 is twice the ratio of the circumference angle to the preset opening angle. That is to say, the number of pole pairs required by the power generation module 41 needs to satisfy the limitation of the following expression:
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a main control device in a two-way communication-based mud pulse generation system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the main control device 15 according to the embodiment of the present invention at least includes: a pulse control module 47 , a decoding module 42 , a rectification module 43 and a DC voltage conversion module 44 .
  • the rectification module 43 is connected to the output terminal of the three-phase AC power supply of the power generation module 41 , and the input terminal of the DC voltage conversion module 44 is connected to the AC output terminal of the rectification module 43 .
  • the AC output end of the rectification module 43 is also connected to the power input end of the controllable load switch 46 of the power generation module 41 .
  • the output terminals of the DC voltage conversion module 44 are respectively connected with the power input terminals of the decoding module 42 , the pulse control module 47 and other downhole measurement and control systems 45 .
  • the rectification module 43 is used to acquire the three-phase AC voltage (power signal) output by the power generation module 41 and rectify the three-phase AC power signal, so as to supply power to the controllable load 46 of the power generation module 41 .
  • the DC voltage conversion module 44 is used to perform DC voltage conversion processing on the rectified output voltage signal output by the rectification module 43 to generate power signals of different DC voltage levels for the downhole measurement and control system 45 and the decoding module 42 in the main control device 15
  • the pulse control module 47 supplies power.
  • the decoding module 42 is also connected to the AC voltage amplitude detection port of the three-phase AC output power supply of the power generation module 41 .
  • the decoding module 42 is used to monitor the amplitude change state of the above-mentioned three-phase AC voltage signal. When it is detected that the signal contains downlink information, it automatically solves the current three-phase AC voltage signal and generates downlink information that needs to be transmitted from the ground to the downhole. Thus, the current downlink information is forwarded to the downhole measurement and control system 45, so as to realize the functions of controlling and parameter setting of the downhole measurement and control system.
  • the decoding module 42 monitors the amplitude variation characteristics of the three-phase AC power signal output by the power generation module 41 in real time, judges whether there is downlink information downlinking, and automatically decodes the current three-phase AC power supply signal when there is downlink information downlinking The decoded downlink information is obtained and sent to other systems 45 .
  • the pulse control module 47 is respectively connected with the output end of the three-phase AC power supply of the power generation module 41 , the downhole measurement and control system 45 and the controllable load switch 46 .
  • the pulse control module 47 is used to select different time interval encoding strategies based on the state monitoring results of the output voltage of the power generation module 41 according to the current uplink information that needs to be transmitted to the ground, so that the turbine stator 2 is generated at the current specific time.
  • An uplink pulse signal that matches the interval encoding strategy.
  • the upward pressure fluctuation pulse generated by the mud pulse relationship system proposed in the embodiment of the present invention is a variable time interval pulse signal , is similar to the pressure waveform generated by the traditional on-off valve type low-rate pulser, but the frequency of pressure fluctuation pulses and the total number of types of time interval encoding strategies are determined by the specific structure of the above-mentioned turbine stator 2, the specific structure of the turbine rotor 3 and Determined jointly by the characteristics of the power generation module 41 , it can generate a pulse rate much higher than that of a traditional switch-valve pulser, even approaching or exceeding a continuous wave pulser.
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the coding principle of the pulse control module in the two-way communication-based mud pulse generating system according to the embodiment of the present application. It should be noted that the waveform shown in Figure 9 of the present invention does not show the characteristics of voltage amplitude fluctuations, but only schematically shows the timing of signal changes in the control mode.
  • control module 47 will monitor the (frequency) characteristics of the waveform change of the three-phase AC voltage signal output by the power generation module 41 in real time.
  • the three-phase AC voltage output waveform of the power generation module 41 has four forms, C1 state 52 , C2 state 54 , C3 state 56 and C4 state 58 .
  • the waveform in the first state C1 is composed of a plurality of first waveforms with a full wave time period T1 and a second wave form with a full wave time period T2.
  • the first waveform is formed by the mud circulation channel of a specific area formed when the narrow blade 38 passes through the stator opening 35;
  • the formed mud flow channel of a specific area is formed.
  • the pulse control module 47 will be used to monitor the waveform continuous change state of each phase signal of the three-phase AC voltage signal output by the power generation module 41 in real time, and when it is detected that the signal state of the three-phase AC voltage signal is the first state, control the dynamic The load switch 46 is in an off state (the first type of dynamic load switch on-off control mode).
  • the control module 47 Since the control module 47 keeps the controllable load 46 in the disconnected state in the C1 state 58, at this time, the three-phase AC voltage signal output by the power generation module 41 changes periodically in the C1 time-varying state, so that the pulse control module 47 detects When the current voltage output signal is in the first state, the power generation module 41 continuously outputs the three-phase AC voltage signal based on the first state by controlling the disconnection of the dynamic load switch 46 .
  • the current upward pulse signal formed at the turbine stator 2 is the mud signal in the first state that sends out effective pulses after an interval of the first state encoding time.
  • the first state encoding time is the time formed corresponding to the combination of a plurality of first waveforms whose whole wave time period is T1.
  • the three-phase AC voltage outputs a t1 wave (the first waveform whose whole wave time period is T1) 48; A mud pulse 59 is formed at the place, and the three-phase AC voltage outputs t2 (the second wave form whose whole wave time period is T2) wave 49, and the C1 state 52 is composed of three t1 waves 48 and one t2 wave 49 to form an encoding time 51, which means The above-mentioned first state encoding time is St0.
  • the control module 47 detects that the three-phase output power is in the C1 state 58 , the controllable load 46 remains in the disconnected state.
  • the C2 state 54 , the C3 state 56 and the C4 state 58 are respectively different modified states based on the first state C1 , that is, different types of first state modified states.
  • the waveform of the first state modification state is replaced by the position of one or more first waveforms appearing in the first state waveform by the pulse control module 47 through opening control of the dynamic load 46 formed waveform.
  • the load switch 46 is briefly turned on by the pulse control module 47, so that When the switch 46 is in the open state, the rotating speed of the rotor 7 of the power generation module is reduced by changing the load carrying state of the power generation module 41 to reduce the frequency of the three-phase AC voltage.
  • the first waveform in the first state waveform will be based on the load switch
  • the opening timing of 46 is replaced by the third waveform whose whole wave time period is PT1.
  • the turn-on time of the load switch 46 is the time corresponding to a complete sine waveform (which can be obtained by the pulse control module 47 monitoring the change state of the three-phase output power supply).
  • the current upward pulse signal formed at the turbine stator 2 is a mud signal that sends out valid pulses after a specific encoding time interval.
  • the second state encoding time is a time corresponding to a combination of one or more first waveforms and/or one or more third waveforms.
  • any first waveform in the waveform of the first state can be replaced by a third waveform, and different positions (continuous or spaced) can also be used in the waveform of the first state At least two of the first waveforms are replaced by third waveforms, whereby different types of first state change states and their corresponding three-phase The specific waveform change (frequency) state of an AC voltage.
  • the first first waveform in the waveforms of the first state is replaced by the third waveform.
  • the pulse control module 47 will be used to monitor the waveform continuous change state of each phase signal of the three-phase AC voltage signal output by the power generation module 41 in real time, and when it is detected that the signal state of the three-phase AC voltage signal is the second state, control the dynamic
  • the load switch 46 controls the controllable load 46 to turn on at the initial moment of the second state, and turns off the switch 46 after one full sinusoidal cycle (the second type of dynamic load switch on-off control mode).
  • the control module 47 Since the control module 47 will keep the controllable load 46 in the conduction state for a sinusoidal period at the C2 state 54, at this time, the three-phase AC voltage signal output by the power generation module 41 changes periodically in the C2 time-varying state, thus in When the pulse control module 47 detects that the current voltage output signal is in the second state, the power generation module 41 continuously outputs the three-phase AC voltage signal based on the second state through specific on-off control of the dynamic load switch 46 . Further, the current upward pulse signal formed at the turbine stator 2 is a mud signal in the second state that sends out valid pulses after an interval of the second state encoding time. Wherein, the second state encoding time is the time corresponding to the combination of two first waveforms and one third waveform.
  • the C2 state 54 consists of a Pt1 wave 50 , two t1 waves 48 and a t2 wave 49 to form an encoding time 53 , that is, the second state encoding time is denoted as St1 .
  • the control module 47 monitors the three-phase sinusoidal waveform output by the power generation module 41, and when it enters the starting point of the entire cycle, it instantly turns on the controllable load 46, and turns off the controllable load 46 after one sinusoidal cycle, forming a Pt1 wave 50,
  • the waveform of the three-phase AC voltage signal output by the power generation module 41 changes in the second state C2.
  • the pulse control module 47 will be used to monitor the waveform continuous change state of each phase signal of the three-phase AC voltage signal output by the power generation module 41 in real time, and when it is detected that the signal state of the three-phase AC voltage signal is the third state, control the dynamic
  • the load switch 46 controls the conduction of the controllable load 46 at the initial moment of the third state, and turns off the switch 46 after a full sine cycle; then immediately controls the conduction of the controllable load 46 and turns off after a full sine cycle Turn off the switch 46, or control the controllable load 46 to turn on immediately after a first waveform appears, and turn off the switch 46 after a full sine cycle (the third type of dynamic load switch on-off control mode).
  • the control module 47 will make the controllable load 46 switch on and off twice continuously or at intervals at the C3 state 54, at this time, the three-phase AC voltage signal output by the power generation module 41 changes periodically in the C3 time-varying state, thereby in
  • the pulse control module 47 detects that the current voltage output signal is in the third state
  • the power generation module 41 continuously outputs the three-phase AC voltage signal based on the third state through specific on-off control of the dynamic load switch 46 .
  • the current upward pulse signal formed at the turbine stator 2 is a third-state mud signal that sends out valid pulses after an interval of the third-state encoding time.
  • the third state encoding time is the time corresponding to the combination of two third waveforms and one first waveform.
  • a Pt1 waveform is added compared with the C2 state, and the appearance of the second Pt1 waveform can be continuous with the first Pt1 waveform; it can also be separated by a t1 waveform, and then the second Pt1 waveform appears, forming a coding time 55 , that is, the encoding time of the third state is denoted as St2.
  • the pulse control module 47 will be used to monitor the waveform continuous change state of each phase signal of the three-phase AC voltage signal output by the power generation module 41 in real time, and when it is detected that the signal state of the three-phase AC voltage signal is the fourth state, control the dynamic
  • the load switch 46 controls the turn-on of the controllable load 46 at the initial moment of the fourth state, and turns off the switch 46 after a full sine cycle, and then (for the second time) immediately controls the turn-on of the controllable load 46 and turns on in a Turn off the switch 46 after the full sine cycle; finally (the third time) control the controllable load 46 to turn on and turn off the switch 46 after one full sine cycle (the third type of dynamic load switch on-off control mode).
  • the control module 47 Since the control module 47 will make the controllable load 46 on and off three times continuously in the C4 state 58, at this time, the three-phase AC voltage signal output by the power generation module 41 changes periodically with the C4 time-varying state, thus in the pulse control module 47
  • the power generation module 41 continuously outputs the three-phase AC voltage signal based on the fourth state through specific on-off control of the dynamic load switch 46 .
  • the current upward pulse signal formed at the turbine stator 2 is a mud signal in a fourth state that sends out valid pulses after an interval of a fourth state encoding time.
  • the fourth state encoding time is the time corresponding to the three third waveforms.
  • a Pt1 waveform is added compared with the C3 state to form an encoding time 57 , that is, the fourth state encoding time is denoted as St3.
  • St0, St1, St2, and St3 have caused the time regularity of the pulse 59 to change in timing.
  • the pulse 59 is a pressure pulse fluctuation, which is transmitted to the ground through the mud channel. After the ground pressure sensor receives the signal, it can compare the signal Decode to realize data upload.
  • the embodiment of the present invention is also used to identify the uplink information obtained from the downhole measurement and control system, and use the preset mapping relationship network between the data content of the uplink information and the time interval coding strategy to determine the corresponding time interval according to the uplink information Coding strategy combination, and then according to the dynamic load switch on-off control mode corresponding to each state element indicated in the current time interval coding strategy combination, so that a corresponding (with variable time interval) uplink pulse is formed at the stator opening of the turbine stator 2 signal, so that the ground system, after identifying the time interval of adjacent valid pulses in the mud signal received in real time, decodes it according to the strategy matching the above mapping relationship network, so as to obtain the current uplink information, and then realize the uplink information to the ground
  • the time interval coding strategy combination is formed by arranging different types of state elements according to a specified state sequence generated based on uplink information.
  • the state element includes the first state and different types of first state change states (that is, the state elements include: the first state, the second state, the third state and the fourth state.
  • the first state change The state is the state of the three-phase AC voltage signal formed when the position of one or more first waveforms appearing in the first state waveform is replaced by the pulse control module 47 by opening and controlling the dynamic load.
  • the first state change state is made by the pulse control module 47 using the corresponding dynamic load switch on-off control mode when the three-phase AC voltage signal based on the above-mentioned second state or the third state or the fourth state is output by controlling the power generation module 41, And the corresponding state (the second state or the third state or the fourth state) presented by the waveform of the corresponding three-phase AC voltage signal output by the control power generation module 41.
  • the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the corresponding narrow blade to pass through the stator blade
  • the change of the time period t1 makes the period t2, that is, the timing of the wide blade pass through the stator opening, change, so that effective pulses with variable time intervals can be formed at the stator opening.
  • the above-mentioned order arrangement of the designated states refers to the actual arrangement order of the first state, the second state, the third state and the fourth state, and the actual arrangement order is determined by the content of the uploaded information.
  • the specific time interval encoding strategy combination corresponding to the data content 0011 can be determined according to the preset mapping relationship network (such as controlling the power generation module to output the first A combination of a state C1 and a second state C2 voltage signal that controls the output of the power generation module.
  • the state element sequence is the first state and the second state arranged in sequence
  • the pulse control module 47 will encode the strategy according to the current specific time interval
  • the on-off control mode of the dynamic load switch corresponding to each state element in the state element sequence indicated in the combination makes the mud signal of the first state and the mud signal of the second state sequentially formed at the stator opening 35, so that the ground system can receive in real time
  • the time interval of adjacent effective pulses in the mud signal is identified, it is decoded according to the strategy matching the above mapping relationship network, so as to obtain the current uplink information.
  • the embodiment of the present invention removes the special pulse generation and control mechanism in the common mud pulser for measurement while drilling, and drives the power generation module through the turbine stator and turbine rotor with a specific structure, and the dynamic load switch of the power generation module is controlled by the main control device , and further control the timing of the relative positions of the turbine stator and the turbine rotor, thereby forming the control and encoding of the pressure fluctuation pulse, thereby forming the data pressure pulse fluctuation and realizing data upload.
  • the mud pulse generating system described in the embodiment of the present invention generates pressure fluctuation pulses twice or more than an integral multiple of 2 per revolution while the turbine rotor continuously rotates to drive the power generation module to generate electricity.
  • the rotor speed is 10 revolutions per second. For example, a minimum of 20 pressure fluctuation pulses can be generated per second.
  • the invention discloses a mud pulse generation system based on two-way communication.
  • the system adopts a low-speed generator module with multi-pole pairs, and is driven by a stator with a specific fan-shaped opening and a turbine rotor with two types of straight blades with equidistant distribution.
  • the control circuit outputs signals to the generator. Through rectification, it can supply power to the external system. At the same time, through the on-off control of the load, the load of the generator can be dynamically adjusted.
  • a specific change law of the generator load is formed, so that the turbine rotor is in the During one revolution, rotor blades of two cross-sectional forms pass through the opening of the turbine stator to generate a pressure pulse mud signal based on a variable interval between adjacent effective pulses. Due to the influence of the generator load, the timing of effective pressure pulses corresponds to specific coding rules. , finally forming a sequence of pressure pulses that the ground can receive and decode. In addition, affected by the change of the displacement under the control of the ground system, the rotational speed of the turbine rotor changes, thereby causing the voltage output of the generator to change.
  • the displacement is controlled by the ground according to the set rules to produce a specific displacement change.
  • the circuit detects the change of generator voltage, and calculates the data according to the set rules.
  • the frequency of pressure fluctuation pulses generated by the present invention is jointly determined by the characteristics of the stator, rotor and power generation module in the present invention, and can generate a pulse rate much higher than that of a traditional on-off valve pulser, even approaching or exceeding a continuous wave pulser.
  • no external power supply is required, and external power supply can be provided.
  • the turbine rotor rotates freely and drives the power generation module to generate electricity.
  • the main control device controls the dynamic load switch at the output end of the power generation module to change the speed of each blade of the rotor through the stator. Opening time, thereby forming a corresponding pulse signal with a variable time interval.

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Abstract

一种基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统，包括：涡轮定子（2），其包括至少两个具有预设开口角度的定子开口（35）；涡轮转子（3），其侧壁通过若干个开口间隔形成至少一个宽叶片（37）和至少一个窄叶片（38）；发电模块（41），其用于在涡轮转子（3）的旋转下驱动发电；主控装置（15），其用于基于上传信息，通过控制发电模块（41）的动态负载开关（46）而控制宽叶片（37）或窄叶片（38）通过定子开口（35）的相对时间，在定子开口（35）处产生具有可变时间间隔的上行脉冲信号，以及监测发电模块（41）输出的三相交流电压信号并解码得到下行信息。该系统所产生的压力波动脉冲出现的频率较高，并能在实现发生泥浆脉冲的同时，不需要外部供电，且可向外供电。

Description

一种基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统 技术领域
本发明涉及石油钻井工程随钻测量技术领域，尤其是涉及一种基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统。
背景技术
随着随钻测井和地质导向等钻井技术的发展，随钻测量的井下参数越来越多，对测量的实时性要求越来越高，开关阀式负脉冲和正脉冲因传输速率低无法满足大量地质参数的传输，应用受到限制，连续波脉冲传输方式传输速率高，抗干扰能力强，可能成为使用最为广泛、发展潜力极大的数据传输方式。
现有的连续波泥浆脉冲信号发生器有旋转阀式和剪切阀式两种，其工作原理主要是在转子的上方或下方安装定子，转子在电机单独驱动或电机与泥浆共同作用下旋转，形成定、转子过流面积周期性变化，从而使钻柱内的压力发生连续正压力脉冲，经控制系统编码后转子受控旋转形成一系列的周期性正压力脉冲信号，并传递给地面接收装置，其数据传输速度快，可以达到5-40bit。另外，常规开关阀式脉冲器虽然具有功耗小的优势，但需要使用电池供电；而且，高速率的连续波脉冲器因驱动转子克服液动力和摩擦扭矩高速旋转或剪切振荡，需要的功率较大，通常配置专用的泥浆发电机供电。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统，包括：涡轮定子，其包括至少两个具有预设开口角度的定子开口；涡轮转子，所述涡轮转子的侧壁通过若干个开口间隔形成至少一个宽叶片和至少一个窄叶片；发电模块，其用于为在所述涡轮转子的旋转下驱动发电；所述主控装置，其用于基于上行信息，通过控制所述发电模块的动态负载开关而控制所述宽叶片或所述窄叶片通过所述定子开口的相对时间，在所述定子开口处产生具有可变时间间隔的上行脉冲信号，以及监测所述发电模块输出的三相交流电压信号并解码得到下行信息。
优选地，所述预设开口角度满足定子开口角度条件，其中，所述定子开口角度条件为平角角度与所述预设开口角度的比值为整数且该比值大于或等于2。
优选地，所述涡轮定子的轴向高度利用如下表达式来确定：
Figure PCTCN2022122145-appb-000001
其中，H1表示所述涡轮定子的轴向高度，D1表示所述涡轮定子的最大外圆直径，B表示所述涡轮定子的螺旋角度；所述涡轮转子的轴向高度与所述涡轮定子的轴向高度相同。
优选地，所述宽叶片对应的圆心角度与所述预设开口角度相同，或者所述宽叶片对应的圆心角度小于且接近于所述预设开口角度。
优选地，所述窄叶片对应的圆心角度按照如下表达式来确定：
Figure PCTCN2022122145-appb-000002
其中，D2表示所述窄叶片对应的圆心角度，E表示所述宽叶片对应的圆心角度，n表示在所述涡轮转子的截面的半圆范围内至少设置一个窄叶片时当前转子所具有的窄叶片的总个数。
优选地，所述发电模块采用多极对数的低转速发电机设备，其中，所述发电模块的极对数为圆周角度与所述预设开口角度的比值的2倍。
优选地，所述主控装置包括：脉冲控制模块，其用于根据对所述发电模块的输出电压的状态监测结果和当前需要向地面传输的上行信息来选择不同的时间间隔编码策略，从而生成所述上行脉冲信号。
优选地，所述脉冲控制模块，其用于对所述发电模块所输出的三相交流电压的各相信号的波形连续变化状态进行监测，在检测信号状态为第一状态时，控制所述动态负载开关处于断开状态，其中，第一状态的波形是由多个整波时间周期为t1的第一波形和整波时间周期为t2的第二波形组合而成，所述第一波形为由所述窄叶片通过所述定子开口时而形成，所述第二波形和所述上行脉冲信号中的脉冲为由所述宽叶片通过所述定子开口时而形成。
优选地，所述脉冲控制模块，其还用于识别从井下测控系统处获得的所述上行信息，并根据所述上行信息确定相应的时间间隔编码策略组合，而后按照所述时间间隔编码策略组合中指示的各状态元素对应的动态负载开关通断控制方式，使得在涡轮定子处形成所述具有可变时间间隔的上行脉冲信号，从而实现上行信息向地面的传输，其中，所述时间间 隔编码策略组合由不同类型的状态元素按照基于所述上行信息生成的指定状态顺序排列而成，所述状态元素包括第一状态和不同类型的第一状态改动状态，所述第一状态改动状态是在由所述脉冲控制模块将所述第一状态波形中出现的一个或多个所述第一波形的位置通过对动态负载进行开通控制而替代时所形成的三相交流电压信号的状态。
优选地，所述主控装置还包括：解码模块，其用于对所述三相交流电压信号的电压幅值变化特征进行监测，在检测出该电压信号含有下行信息时，对当前三相交流电压信号进行解算并生成相应的下行信息，从而将所述下行信息转发至井下测控系统。
优选地，所述主控装置还包括：整流模块，其与所述发电模块的三相交流输出端连接，用于获取所述发电模块输出的三相交流电压并对其进行整流处理，以为所述发电模块的可控负载供电；直流电压转换模块，其与所述整流模块的输出端连接，用于将整流后的输出电压信号进行直流电压转换处理，生成不同直流电压等级的电源信号，以为井下测控系统和所述主控装置内的解码模块及所述脉冲控制模块供电。
优选地，所述三相交流电压信号的幅度变化通过泥浆排量变化控制来实现。
与现有技术相比，上述方案中的一个或多个实施例可以具有如下优点或有益效果：
本发明公开了一种基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统。该系统采用多极对数的低转速发电机模块，并由具有特定扇形开口的定和带有等距分布的两种截面形状的直叶片的涡轮转子驱动发电，由控制电路对发电机输出信号进行整流，可以向外部系统供电，同时通过对负载的通断控制，动态调整发电机负载，根据上行信息与特定编码时间规则的对应关系网络，形成发电机负载的特定变化规律，使得涡轮转子在旋转一周过程中，两种截面形式的转子叶片通过涡轮定子开口，产生基于相邻有效脉冲间隔可变的压力脉冲泥浆信号，由于受发电机负载影响使得有效压力脉冲出现的时机与特定编码规则对应，最终形成地面可以接收并解码的压力脉冲序列。另外，受地面系统控制下的排量变化的影响，涡轮转子的转速发生变化，从而使发电机电压输出产生变化，通过地面按照设定的规则对排量进行控制，产生特定排量变化，控制电路检测发电机电压的变化，根据设定的规则解算数据。本发明所产生的压力波动脉冲出现的频率由本发明中的定子、转子以及发电模块特性共同决定，能够产生远高于传统开关阀式脉冲器脉冲速率，甚至接近或超过连续波脉冲器。并且在实现发生泥浆脉冲的同时，不需要外部供电，且可向外供电。
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权 利要求书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例共同用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：
图1是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统的应用环境结构示意图。
图2是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统的整体结构示意图。
图3是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的涡轮定子的主视图。
图4是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的涡轮定子的俯视图。
图5是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的涡轮定子的轴向剖面图。
图6是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的涡轮转子的主视图。
图7是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的涡轮定子的俯视图。
图8是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的主控装置的结构示意图。
图9是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的脉冲控制模块的编码原理示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图及实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式，借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题，并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。需要说明的是，只要不构成冲突，本发明中的各个实施例以及各实施例中的各个特征可以相互结合，所形成的技术方案均在本发明的保护范围之内。
另外，附图的流程图示出的步骤可以在诸如一组计算机可执行指令的计算机系统中执行。并且，虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。
随着随钻测井和地质导向等钻井技术的发展，随钻测量的井下参数越来越多，对测 量的实时性要求越来越高，开关阀式负脉冲和正脉冲因传输速率低无法满足大量地质参数的传输，应用受到限制，连续波脉冲传输方式传输速率高，抗干扰能力强，可能成为使用最为广泛、发展潜力极大的数据传输方式。
现有的连续波泥浆脉冲信号发生器有旋转阀式和剪切阀式两种，其工作原理主要是在转子的上方或下方安装定子，转子在电机单独驱动或电机与泥浆共同作用下旋转，形成定、转子过流面积周期性变化，从而使钻柱内的压力发生连续正压力脉冲，经控制系统编码后转子受控旋转形成一系列的周期性正压力脉冲信号，并传递给地面接收装置，其数据传输速度快，可以达到5-40bit。另外，常规开关阀式脉冲器虽然具有功耗小的优势，但需要使用电池供电；而且，高速率的连续波脉冲器因驱动转子克服液动力和摩擦扭矩高速旋转或剪切振荡，需要的功率较大，通常配置专用的泥浆发电机供电。
为了改善现有脉冲发生系统的特性，本发明提供了一种基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统。该系统包括：包含有至少两个具有预设开口角度的定子开口的涡轮定子；位于涡轮定子下方的涡轮转子，其中，涡轮转子的侧壁通过若干个开口间隔形成至少一个宽叶片和至少一个窄叶片；用于为在涡轮转子的连续旋转下驱动发电并产生与下行脉冲信号对应的泥浆排量信号的发电模块，同时，该发电模块为控制装置和井下测控系统供电；和，主控装置，所述主控模块用于基于需上传至地面的信息，通过控制发电模块的动态负载开关来控制宽叶片或窄叶片通过定子开口的相对位置，由定子开口产生具有可变时间间隔的上行脉冲信号，以及获取上述泥浆排量信号并进行解码，以使得井下测控系统通过对下行脉冲信号的解析而获得地面向井下传输的信息。
这样，本发明能够在实现发生泥浆脉冲的同时，不需要外部供电，且可向外供电；而且，能够根据上行信息的内容，通过对动态负载的通断状态的出现时机的控制，形成基于发电机负载变化状态下的多种编码规则，继而通过与上行信息内容对应的编码规则组合，将含有上行信息特征在内的上行脉冲信号传输至地面，以形成地面可以接收并解码的压力脉冲序列。
图1是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统的应用环境整体结构示意图。图2是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统的整体结构示意图。如图2所示，本发明所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统，包括：涡轮定子2、涡轮转子3、发电模块41和主控装置15。其中，发电模块41包括发电模块转子7、发电模块定子26及其他附属结构，发电模块41能够向外输出三相交流电压信号。
涡轮定子2包括至少两个具有预设开口角度的定子开口35。涡轮转子3位于涡轮定 子2的下方。其中，涡轮转子3的侧壁通过若干个开口间隔形成至少一个宽叶片37和至少一个窄叶片38。由于发电模块41会在泥浆的带动下进行连续旋转完成发电，并通过地面系统对泥浆排量的实时控制使得在发电模块41的泥浆通道出口处生成相应的泥浆排量信号。因而，本发明实施例所述的发电模块41会用于为在涡轮转子3的连续旋转下驱动发电，并产生与下行脉冲信号对应的泥浆排量信号。同时，发电模块41还用于为主控装置15和井下测控系统45供电。
进一步，主控装置15用于基于井下测控系统45所需上传至地面的(第一类)信息(包括需要传输至地面的各类测量数据、指令等信息)，通过控制发电模块41的动态负载开关46而控制宽叶片37或窄叶片38通过定子开口35的相对时间变化，从而在定子开口35处产生具有可变时间间隔特征的上行脉冲信号。另外，主控装置15还用于获取发电模块41输出的三相交流电压信号并对该电压信号进行解码，从而得到下行信息，以使得井下测控系统45通过对解码后获得地面向井下传输的(第二类)信息(包括需要向井下传输的各类指令、参数数据等信息)。
这样，本方明实施例所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统，一方面能够发生较高频率的可变时间间隔的正压力上行脉冲信号，还能够获得由地面发出的下行信息，实现双向通讯，同时为其他井下系统供电。
在泥浆脉冲发生系统的安装环境中，包括流筒19。泥浆脉冲发生系统的外部安装流筒19，流通19的下部安装支撑环17，其中，支撑环17轴向装配于悬挂短节1内孔。具体地，涡轮定子2与流筒19固定连接，涡轮定子2的轴向限位部分与支撑环17结合，形成整个系统的外部支持，在泥浆脉冲发生系统装配完成后，整体安装于悬挂短节1的内孔内。
涡轮转子3通过过渡件4与发电机转子7固定连接。主控装置15通过堵头13与发电模块定子26连接。涡轮定子2包括至少2个定子开口35，涡轮转子3包括至少1个宽叶片37和至少1个窄叶片38。过渡件4上设有圆周方向布置的至少一个径向孔5。发电模块转子7内部安装有永磁体8和磁铁护套9。永磁体8的前端安装有径向及止推轴承31，下端安装有径向轴承11。发电模块定子26外部安装有护套10，内部为芯轴27，永磁体8的上端为滑套29和锁紧环6，永磁体8的下端为堵头13。锁紧环6上安装有止推环33；滑套29上安装有内径向及止推轴承30；堵头13的上部的外侧安装有内径向轴承12，堵头13的内部安装有3个密封插针32。
主控装置15的外部配置有抗压筒14，抗压筒14的上部通过螺纹与堵头13连接，由 密封圈20进行密封以保证抗压筒14与堵头13的密封。另外，堵头13与抗压筒14之间还设有摩擦环21，以降低螺纹上扣扭。抗压筒14的下部安装有输出堵头16和外筒18，外筒18穿过支持环17的内孔，并与需要挂接本泥浆发生系统的其他井下设备(其他井下测控系统)45连接，输出堵头16的内部可安装用于承压的接插件，以通过电缆与其他井下设备实现数据传输和电力连接。
涡轮定子2轴向安装在涡轮转子3的前端，形成对流入涡轮转子3的流体导向和流体截面。涡轮转子3与过渡件4可以固连，也可以一体加工成型，过渡件4与发电模块转子7通过螺纹连接。发电模块转子7的内部安装有永磁体8和磁铁护套9，永磁体8为多块永磁体阵列，以形成多磁极阵列，与涡轮转子3同步旋转，形成磁场变化。磁铁护套9必须为无磁材料制成，有较高的耐腐蚀性和耐磨性，且具备一定的结构强度，实现对永磁体8的结构支撑和保护。发电模块转子7的前端安装有径向及止推轴承31，发电模块转子7的下端安装有径向轴承11，轴承31和轴承11均为滑动轴承。过渡件4的侧壁沿轴向方向布置有多个径向孔5，形成泥浆通道，向内部间隙输送泥浆，润滑轴承系，并为发电模块定子26降温。
堵头13与芯轴27通过螺纹连接，并设有2处密封24。发电模块定子26轴向安装在芯轴27上，发电模块定子26的上部安装滑套29，滑套29的内孔与芯轴27配合。锁紧环6通过螺纹与芯轴27连接，并沿轴向方向将滑套29和发电模块定子26压紧。
发电模块定子26的外部安装有护套10，护套10必须为非金属材料，以避免在交变磁场中产生涡流。发电模块定子26的三相交流电压信号的三相输出线，经过安装在堵头13上沿圆周方向均匀分布的3个密封插针32来连接到主控装置15上。
进一步，在由滑套29、发电模块定子26、护套10、密封圈23以及堵头13所形成的密封内部空腔中，填充有支撑及密封材料25、28，密封材料25、28为同一种材料，一次灌封并固化成型，共同填充前述空腔，从而实现在井下泥浆环境中对发电模块定子26的密封及支撑保护。
另外，锁紧环6上安装有止推环33，滑套29上安装有内径向及止推轴承30，径向及止推轴承30与径向及止推轴承31共同形成轴承副，实现为发电模块转子7的上端提供径向支撑，以及轴向限位。此外，堵头13上安装有内径向轴承12，在堵头13与内径向轴承12之间安装有容差环22，以保障内径向轴承12在堵头13上的安装精度，内径向轴承12与径向轴承11形成径向滑动轴承副，从而实现为发电模块转子7的下端提供径向支 撑。
图3是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的涡轮定子的主视图。图4是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的涡轮定子的俯视图。图5是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的涡轮定子的轴向剖面图。
如图4所示，涡轮定子2包括至少两个具有预设开口角度的定子开口35。在涡轮定子2的侧壁上设置有至少两处呈扇形的开口凹槽。在本发明实施例中，定子轴向高度34(参考图3)、定子开口35的(预设)开口角度A(参考图4)、以及定子螺旋36的角度B(参考图5)均为涡轮定子2的关键参数。由此，通过对关于涡轮定子2的关键结构参数的配置来对涡轮定子2的结构进行设置。
在对开口35对应的预设开口角度进行设置时，需要令每个开口角度均满足定子开口角度条件。在本发明实施例中，定子开口角度条件是：平角角度与预设开口角度的比值为整数且该比值大于或等于2。也就是说，定子开口角度A应满足180/A为整数且大于等于2。进一步，A值越大，在涡轮定子2处所产生的压力波动脉冲(上行脉冲信号)的幅值就越高。例如，若180/A＝4，上行脉冲信号所对应的脉冲时间宽度与非脉冲时间宽度之间的占比为1∶3。
在本发明实施例中，涡轮定子2的轴向高度34和涡轮定子2的螺旋角度36共同决定了涡轮转子3的旋转速度和输出功率，同时，涡轮定子2的轴向高度(H1值)的尺寸也决定了泥浆流经涡轮部分后产生的压力损耗及能量转换效率。涡轮定子2的螺旋角度(B值)的尺寸决定了从涡轮定子2流出的泥浆冲击涡轮转子3的叶片时所对应的角度。其中，涡轮定子2的轴向高度与螺旋角度应满足如下表达式关系：
Figure PCTCN2022122145-appb-000003
其中，H1表示涡轮定子2的轴向高度，D1表示涡轮定子2的最大外圆直径，B表示涡轮定子2的螺旋角度。
图6是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的涡轮转子的主视图。图7是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的涡轮定子的俯视图。
在本发明实施例中，涡轮转子3的轴向高度39(参考图6)所对应尺寸值H2原则上应与涡轮定子2的轴向高度H1相同。
参考图7，涡轮转子3的侧壁上设置有若干个扇形凹槽。每个扇形凹槽均贯穿于转子 3的轴向方向而设置，并且各个扇形凹槽之间形成截面为扇形的叶片。其中，叶片包括至少一个宽叶片37和至少一个窄叶片。在本发明实施例中，每个宽叶片37对应的圆心角度E应与预设开口角度A相同，或者每个宽叶片37对应的圆心角度E小于且接近于预设开口角度A(即略小于预设开口角度A)。每个窄叶片38对应的圆心角度D2按照如下表达式来确定：
Figure PCTCN2022122145-appb-000004
其中，D2表示窄叶片38对应的圆心角度，E表示宽叶片37对应的圆心角度，n表示在涡轮转子2的截面的半圆范围内至少设置一个窄叶片38时当前涡轮转子2所具有的窄叶片2的总个数。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例对窄叶片38的配置数量不作具体限定但其角度亦应满足上述表达式(2)。另外，窄叶片38和宽叶片37均为扇形结构，沿轴向布置。例如：如图6所示，在涡轮转子3中若相对的设置2个宽叶片37，其角度E与涡轮定子开口角度A相同或略小；若设置4个窄叶片38，其角度D≤(180-E)/3。
进一步，在本发明实施例中，发电模块41在发电时所产生的三相交流电压信号的幅度变化是由地面系统通过泥浆排量变化的实时控制来实现。在实际应用过程中，由地面系统会根据下行信息调整相对应的泥浆排量实时值，涡轮转子3在钻井泥浆的冲击下，以与泥浆排量实时值呈正比的速度而旋转，钻井泥浆经涡轮定子2和涡轮转子3进入脉冲器内部，通过有规律地改变涡轮定子2与涡轮转子3之间的流通面积，就可以在涡轮转子3后端(靠近井下的端面)产生按一定规律变化的泥浆压力脉冲信号以带动发电模块发电，从而产生与泥浆排量实时值相匹配的三相交流电源信号。也可以在涡轮定子2的前端(靠近地面的端面)产生按一定规律变化的泥浆压力脉冲信号(上行泥浆脉冲信号)。
进一步，在本发明实施例中，发电模块41采用多极对数的低转速发电机设备。其中，发电模块41的极对数的数量为圆周角度与预设开口角度的比值的2倍。也就是说，发电模块41所需的极对数的数量需满足如下表达式所的限定：
P＝360°/A           (3)
其中，P表示发电模块41所具有的极对数的数量。需要说明的是，本发明实施例对发电模块41所需的配置的极对数的数量不作具体限定，本领域技术人员可根据实际需求进行配置。例如：若上述预设开口角度为45°时，极对数P＝360°/A＝8，此时，在涡轮 转子3相对涡轮定子2旋转一周时，发电模块定子26的任意一相均输出8个正弦电源波形。
图8是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的主控装置的结构示意图。如图8所示，本发明实施例所述的主控装置15，至少包括：脉冲控制模块47、解码模块42、整流模块43和直流电压转换模块44。
整流模块43与发电模块41的三相交流电源输出端连接，直流电压转换模块44的输入端与整流模块43的交流输出端连接。整流模块43的交流输出端还与发电模块41的可控负载开关46的电源输入端连接。另外，直流电压转换模块44的输出端分别与解码模块42、脉冲控制模块47和其他井下测控系统45的电源输入端连接。
具体地，整流模块43用于获取发电模块41输出的三相交流电压(电源信号)并对该三相交流电源信号进行整流处理，从而为发电模块41的可控负载46供电。直流电压转换模块44用于将整流模块43输出的经整流后的输出电压信号进行直流电压转换处理，生成不同直流电压等级的电源信号，以为井下测控系统45和主控装置15内的解码模块42和脉冲控制模块47供电。
解码模块42还与发电模块41的三相交流输出电源的交流电压幅值检测端口相连接。解码模块42用于对上述三相交流电压信号的幅度变化状态进行监测，在检测出该信号含有下行信息时，自动解算当前三相交流电压信号并生成当前地面需要向井下传输的下行信息，从而将当前下行信息转发至井下测控系统45，以实现对井下测控系统进行控制及参数设置功能。具体地，解码模块42实时监控发电模块41输出的三相交流电源信号的幅值变化特征，判断是否有下行信息下传发生，在有下行信息下传时自动对当前三相交流电源信号进行解码得到解码后的下行信息，并将该信息发送至其他系统45。
这样，由于受泥浆排量变化的影响，涡轮转子3的转速会发生变化，从而使发电模块41所产生的三相输出电压幅值产生变化，进一步由于地面系统会按照预先设定的下行脉冲规则在对排量进行控制时能够产生的特定排量变化，因而，能够通过解码电路对发电机输出电压的变化进行检测，从而根据下行脉冲规则来将下行信息解算出来。由此，当地面以设定的排量规律变化向下泵送的泥浆时，涡轮驱动的发电模块电压会产生与排量规律变化对应的波动电压，滤波后实现下行通讯数据解码。
脉冲控制模块47分别与发电模块41的三相交流电源输出端、井下测控系统45和可控负载开关46相连接。脉冲控制模块47用于基于对发电模块41的输出电压的状态监测 结果，根据当前需要向地面传输的上行信息来选择不同的时间间隔编码策略，从而使得在涡轮定子2处生成与当前特定的时间间隔编码策略相匹配的上行脉冲信号。
与常见剪切阀式连续波脉冲器或连续旋转式脉冲器产生的类正弦波形不同，本发明实施例所提出的泥浆脉冲关系系统所产生的上行的压力波动脉冲为可变时间间隔脉冲的信号，与传统开关阀式低速率脉冲器产生的压力波形类似，但压力波动脉冲出现的频率、以及时间间隔编码策略的类型总数却是由上述涡轮定子2的特定结构、涡轮转子3的特定结构以及发电模块41的特性所共同决定的，能够产生远高于传统开关阀式脉冲器脉冲速率，甚至接近或超过连续波脉冲器。
在本发明实施例中，基于上述涡轮定子2的特定结构、涡轮转子3的特定结构以及发电模块41的特性，本发明实施例所具有的时间间隔编码策略的类型总数为四种。图9是本申请实施例的基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统中的脉冲控制模块的编码原理示意图。需要说明的是，本发明附图9所示的波形未展示电压幅值波动变化特征，仅对控制方式的信号变化时机进行示意性展示。
进一步，控制模块47会实时监测发电模块41所输出的三相交流电压信号的波形变化的(频率)特征。发电模块41的三相交流电压输出波形共有4种形态，C1状态52、C2状态54、C3状态56和C4状态58。
第一状态C1的波形是由多个整波时间周期为T1的第一波形和整波时间周期为T2的第二波形组合而成。其中，第一波形为由窄叶片38通过定子开口35时所形成的特定面积的泥浆流通通道而形成；第二波形和上行脉冲信号中的有效脉冲均是为由宽叶片37通过定子开口35时所形成的特定面积的泥浆流通通道而形成。脉冲控制模块47会用于对发电模块41实时输出的三相交流电压信号的各相信号的波形连续变化状态进行监测，在检测出三相交流电压信号的信号状态为第一状态时，控制动态负载开关46处于断开状态(第一类动态负载开关通断控制方式)。由于控制模块47会在C1状态58使可控负载46保持断开状态，此时，发电模块41所输出的三相交流电压信号以C1时间变化状态进行周期性变化，从而在脉冲控制模块47检测出当前电压输出信号为第一状态时通过对动态负载开关46的断开控制而使得发电模块41不断输出的基于第一状态的三相交流电压信号。并且，在涡轮定子2处所形成的当前上行脉冲信号是在间隔第一状态编码时间后发出有效脉冲的第一状态泥浆信号。其中，第一状态编码时间是由多个整波时间周期为T1的第一波形的组合所对应形成的时间。
具体地，当窄叶片38及开口位置通过定子开口35时，三相交流电压输出t1波(整波时间周期为T1的第一波形)48；宽叶片通过定子开口35时，会在定子开口35处形成泥浆脉冲59、并且三相交流电压输出t2(整波时间周期为T2的第二波形)波49，C1状 态52由3个t1波48和1个t2波49构成编码时间51，即表示上述第一状态编码时间为St0。此时，控制模块47在检测出三相输出电源为C1状态58时使可控负载46保持断开状态。
进一步，C2状态54、C3状态56和C4状态58分别为基于第一状态C1的不同的改动状态，即不同类型的第一状态改动状态。在本发明实施例中，第一状态改动状态的波形是在由脉冲控制模块47将第一状态波形中出现的一个或多个第一波形的位置通过对动态负载46进行开通控制而替代时所形成的波形。也就是说，由于第一状态C1波形中具有若干个第一波形，在将第一状态波形中的第一波形的出现位置处，利用脉冲控制模块47对负载开关46进行短暂的开通控制，使得在开关46处于开通状态时通过改变发电模块41的运行负载承载状态而降低发电模块转子7的转速从而降低三相交流电压的频率，此时，第一状态波形中的第一波形会基于负载开关46的开通时机而被整波时间周期为P T1的第三波形所替代。其中，负载开关46的开通时间为一个完整的正弦整波形对应的时间(可以通过脉冲控制模块47对三相输出电源的变化状态监测结果而获得)。并且，在涡轮定子2处所形成的当前上行脉冲信号是在间隔特定编码时间后发出有效脉冲的泥浆信号。其中，第二状态编码时间是由一个或多个第一波形和/或一个或多个第三波形的组合所对应形成的时间。
需要说明的是，在本发明实施例中，可以将第一状态的波形中任意一个第一波形使用第三波形来替代，也可以将第一状态的波形中不同位置(可以连续也可以间隔)的至少两个第一波形使用第三波形来替代，由此，基于对第一波形的特定替代位置和特定替代数量的不同组合，形成了不同类型的第一状态改动状态及其对应的三相交流电压的特定波形变化(频率)状态。
第二状态C2的波形是将第一状态的波形中的第一个第一波形由第三波形来替代。脉冲控制模块47会用于对发电模块41实时输出的三相交流电压信号的各相信号的波形连续变化状态进行监测，在检测出三相交流电压信号的信号状态为第二状态时，控制动态负载开关46在第二状态的起始时刻控制可控负载46导通，并在1个正弦整周期后关断开关46(第二类动态负载开关通断控制方式)。由于控制模块47会在C2状态54处使可控负载46保持导通状态达到一个正弦周期，此时，发电模块41所输出的三相交流电压信号以C2时间变化状态进行周期性变化，从而在脉冲控制模块47检测出当前电压输出信号为第二状态时通过对动态负载开关46的特定的通断控制而使得发电模块41不断输出基于第二状态的三相交流电压信号。进一步，在涡轮定子2处所形成的当前上行脉冲信号是在间隔第二状态编码时间后发出有效脉冲的第二状态泥浆信号。其中，第二状态编码时间是由两个第一波形和一个第三波形的组合所对应的时间。
具体地，C2状态54由Pt1波50、2个t1波48和t2波49构成编码时间53，即第二状态编码时间表示为St1。在C2状态54初始，控制模块47监测发电模块41输出的三相正弦波形，在进入整周期起点时，瞬间打开可控负载46，并在1个正弦周期后瞬间关断，形成Pt1波50，使得发电模块41所输出的三相交流电压信号的波形呈第二状态C2变化。
第三状态C3的波形是将第一状态的波形中的两个第一波形由第三波形来替代。脉冲控制模块47会用于对发电模块41实时输出的三相交流电压信号的各相信号的波形连续变化状态进行监测，在检测出三相交流电压信号的信号状态为第三状态时，控制动态负载开关46在第三状态的起始时刻控制可控负载46导通，并在1个正弦整周期后关断开关46；再立即控制可控负载46导通并在1个正弦整周期后关断开关46，或在出现一个第一波形后，立即控制可控负载46导通并在1个正弦整周期后关断开关46(第三类动态负载开关通断控制方式)。由于控制模块47会在C3状态54处使可控负载46连续或间隔的通断两次，此时，发电模块41所输出的三相交流电压信号以C3时间变化状态进行周期性变化，从而在脉冲控制模块47检测出当前电压输出信号为第三状态时通过对动态负载开关46的特定的通断控制而使得发电模块41不断输出基于第三状态的三相交流电压信号。进一步，在涡轮定子2处所形成的当前上行脉冲信号是在间隔第三状态编码时间后发出有效脉冲的第三状态泥浆信号。其中，第三状态编码时间是由两个第三波形和一个第一波形的组合所对应的时间。
具体地，C3状态56期间比C2状态增加一个Pt1波形，第二个Pt1波形的出现可以与第一个Pt1波形连续；也可以间隔一个t1波形，再出现第二个Pt1波形，形成编码时间55，即第三状态编码时间表示为St2。
第四状态C4的波形是将第一状态的波形中的三个第一波形由第三波形来替代。脉冲控制模块47会用于对发电模块41实时输出的三相交流电压信号的各相信号的波形连续变化状态进行监测，在检测出三相交流电压信号的信号状态为第四状态时，控制动态负载开关46在第四状态的起始时刻控制可控负载46导通，并在1个正弦整周期后关断开关46，再(第二次)立即控制可控负载46导通并在1个正弦整周期后关断开关46；最后(第三次)控制可控负载46导通并在1个正弦整周期后关断开关46(第三类动态负载开关通断控制方式)。由于控制模块47会在C4状态58处使可控负载46连续通断三次，此时，发电模块41所输出的三相交流电压信号以C4时间变化状态进行周期性变化，从而在脉冲控制模块47检测出当前电压输出信号为第四状态时通过对动态负载开关46的特定的通断控制而使得发电模块41不断输出基于第四状态的三相交流电压信号。进一步，在涡轮定子2处所形成的当前上行脉冲信号是在间隔第四状态编码时间后发出有效脉冲的第四状态泥浆信号。其中，第四状态编码时间是由三个第三波形所对应的时间。
具体地，C4状态58期间比C3状态增加一个Pt1波形，形成编码时间57，即第四状态编码时间表示为St3。由此，St0，St1，St2，St3在时机上造成了脉冲59出现的时间规律变化，脉冲59为压力脉冲波动，通过泥浆信道，传导至地面，地面压力传感器接收到该信号后，可对信号进行解码，从而实现数据上传。
进一步，为了实现将上行信息(指将从井下测控系统获得的需要上传至地面系统的实测数据、指令及反馈数据等信息)与具有可变时间间隔的上行脉冲信号的结合，本发明实施例所述的脉冲控制模块47还用于识别从井下测控系统处获得的上行信息，并利用预先设置的上行信息的数据内容与时间间隔编码策略组合的映射关系网络，根据上行信息确定出相应的时间间隔编码策略组合，而后按照当前时间间隔编码策略组合中指示的各状态元素对应的动态负载开关通断控制方式，使得在涡轮定子2的定子开口处形成相应的(具有可变时间间隔的)上行脉冲信号，使得地面系统在对实时接收到的泥浆信号中相邻有效脉冲的时间间隔进行识别后，按照与上述映射关系网络相匹配的策略进行解码，从而获得当前上行信息，继而实现上行信息向地面的传输。
其中，时间间隔编码策略组合由不同类型的状态元素按照基于上行信息生成的指定状态顺序排列而成。所述状态元素包括第一状态和不同类型的第一状态改动状态(即状态元素包括：第一状态、第二状态、第三状态和第四状态。在本发明实施例中，第一状态改动状态是在由脉冲控制模块47将第一状态波形中出现的一个或多个第一波形的位置通过对动态负载进行开通控制而替代时所形成的三相交流电压信号的状态。也就是说，第一状态改动状态是由脉冲控制模块47利用在通过控制发电模块41输出基于上述第二状态或第三状态或第四状态的三相交流电压信号时所对应的动态负载开关通断控制方式，而使得控制发电模块41所输出的相应三相交流电压信号的波形所呈现的对应状态(第二状态或第三状态或第四状态)。由此，本发明实施例利用对应窄叶片通过定子叶片的时间周期t1的变化，使得周期t2即宽叶片通过定子开口的时机产生变化，从而在定子开口处能够形成可变时间间隔的有效脉冲。
进一步，上述指定状态顺序排列是指针对第一状态、第二状态、第三状态和第四状态的实际排列顺序，该实际排列顺序由上传信息的内容来决定。例如：在将二进制数据内容为“0011”的上行信息上传至地面时，可根据预先设置的上述映射关系网络，确定出与数据内容0011对应的特定时间间隔编码策略组合(如控制发电模块输出第一状态C1和控制发电模块输出第二状态C2电压信号的组合，此时，状态元素序列为依次排列的第一状态和第二状态)，而后，脉冲控制模块47会按照当前特定时间间隔编码策略组合中指示的状态元素序列内各状态元素对应的动态负载开关通断控制方式，使得在定子开口35处依次形成第一状态泥浆信号和第二状态泥浆信号，使得地面系统在对实时接收到的泥浆信 号中相邻有效脉冲的时间间隔进行识别后，按照与上述映射关系网络相匹配的策略进行解码，从而获得当前上行信息。
这样，本发明实施例去掉了常见随钻测量用泥浆脉冲器中专用的脉冲发生及控制机构，通过特定结构的涡轮定子和涡轮转子来驱动发电模块，由主控装置控制发电模块的动态负载开关，进一步控制涡轮定子和涡轮转子相对位置出现的时机，从而形成对压力波动脉冲的控制和编码，由此便形成数据压力脉冲波动而实现数据上传。
进一步，本发明实施例所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统在涡轮转子连续旋转驱动发电模块发电的同时，每旋转一周产生2次或2的整数倍以上的压力波动脉冲，以转子转速10转/秒为例，每秒可产生最低20个压力波动脉冲。
本发明公开了一种基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统。该系统采用多极对数的低转速发电机模块，并由具有特定扇形开口的定和带有等距分布的两种截面形状的直叶片的涡轮转子驱动发电，由控制电路对发电机输出信号进行整流，可以向外部系统供电，同时通过对负载的通断控制，动态调整发电机负载，根据上行信息与特定编码时间规则的对应关系网络，形成发电机负载的特定变化规律，使得涡轮转子在旋转一周过程中，两种截面形式的转子叶片通过涡轮定子开口，产生基于相邻有效脉冲间隔可变的压力脉冲泥浆信号，由于受发电机负载影响使得有效压力脉冲出现的时机与特定编码规则对应，最终形成地面可以接收并解码的压力脉冲序列。另外，受地面系统控制下的排量变化的影响，涡轮转子的转速发生变化，从而使发电机电压输出产生变化，通过地面按照设定的规则对排量进行控制，产生特定排量变化，控制电路检测发电机电压的变化，根据设定的规则解算数据。本发明所产生的压力波动脉冲出现的频率由本发明中的定子、转子以及发电模块特性共同决定，能够产生远高于传统开关阀式脉冲器脉冲速率，甚至接近或超过连续波脉冲器。并且在实现发生泥浆脉冲的同时，不需要外部供电，且可向外供电。
进一步，在本发明中，在非受控状态下，涡轮转子自由旋转并驱动发电模块发电，在受控时，由主控装置来控制发电模块输出端的动态负载开关来改变转子每个叶片通过定子开口的时间，从而形成相应的含有可变时间间隔的脉冲信号。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉该技术的人员在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。
应该理解的是，本发明所公开的实施例不限于这里所公开的特定结构、处理步骤或材料，而应当延伸到相关领域的普通技术人员所理解的这些特征的等同替代。还应当理解的是，在此使用的术语仅用于描述特定实施例的目的，而并不意味着限制。
说明书中提到的“一个实施例”或“实施例”意指结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性包括在本发明的至少一个实施例中。因此，说明书通篇各个地方出现的短语“一个实施例”或“实施例”并不一定均指同一个实施例。
虽然本发明所披露的实施方式如上，但所述的内容只是为了便于理解本发明而采用的实施方式，并非用以限定本发明。任何本发明所属技术领域内的技术人员，在不脱离本发明所揭露的精神和范围的前提下，可以在实施的形式上及细节上作任何的修改与变化，但本发明的专利保护范围，仍须以所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种基于双向通讯的泥浆脉冲发生系统，包括：
    涡轮定子，其包括至少两个具有预设开口角度的定子开口；
    涡轮转子，其侧壁通过若干个开口间隔形成至少一个宽叶片和至少一个窄叶片；
    发电模块，其用于为在所述涡轮转子的旋转下驱动发电；
    所述主控装置，其用于基于上行信息，通过控制所述发电模块的动态负载开关而控制所述宽叶片或所述窄叶片通过所述定子开口的相对时间，在所述定子开口处产生具有可变时间间隔的上行脉冲信号，以及监测所述发电模块输出的三相交流电压信号并解码得到下行信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统，其特征在于，所述预设开口角度满足定子开口角度条件，其中，所述定子开口角度条件为平角角度与所述预设开口角度的比值为整数且该比值大于或等于2。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统，其特征在于，所述涡轮定子的轴向高度利用如下表达式来确定：
    Figure PCTCN2022122145-appb-100001
    其中，H1表示所述涡轮定子的轴向高度，D1表示所述涡轮定子的最大外圆直径，B表示所述涡轮定子的螺旋角度；
    所述涡轮转子的轴向高度与所述涡轮定子的轴向高度相同。
  4. 根据权利要求1～3中任一项所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统，其特征在于，所述宽叶片对应的圆心角度与所述预设开口角度相同，或者所述宽叶片对应的圆心角度小于且接近于所述预设开口角度。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统，其特征在于，所述窄叶片对应的圆心角度按照如下表达式来确定：
    Figure PCTCN2022122145-appb-100002
    其中，D2表示所述窄叶片对应的圆心角度，E表示所述宽叶片对应的圆心角度，n表示在所述涡轮转子的截面的半圆范围内至少设置一个窄叶片时当前转子所具有的窄叶片的总个数。
  6. 根据权利要求1～5中任一项所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统，其特征在于，所述发电模块采用多极对数的低转速发电机设备，其中，所述发电模块的极对数为圆周角度与所述预设开口角度的比值的2倍。
  7. 根据权利要求1～6中任一项所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统，其特征在于，所述主控装置包括：
    脉冲控制模块，其用于根据对所述发电模块的输出电压的状态监测结果和当前需要向地面传输的上行信息来选择不同的时间间隔编码策略，从而生成所述上行脉冲信号。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统，其特征在于，
    所述脉冲控制模块，其用于对所述发电模块所输出的三相交流电压的各相信号的波形连续变化状态进行监测，在检测信号状态为第一状态时，控制所述动态负载开关处于断开状态，其中，第一状态的波形是由多个整波时间周期为t1的第一波形和整波时间周期为t2的第二波形组合而成，所述第一波形为由所述窄叶片通过所述定子开口时而形成，所述第二波形和所述上行脉冲信号中的脉冲为由所述宽叶片通过所述定子开口时而形成。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统，其特征在于，
    所述脉冲控制模块，其还用于识别从井下测控系统处获得的所述上行信息，并根据所述上行信息确定相应的时间间隔编码策略组合，而后按照所述时间间隔编码策略组合中指示的各状态元素对应的动态负载开关通断控制方式，使得在涡轮定子处形成所述具有可变时间间隔的上行脉冲信号，从而实现上行信息向地面的传输，其中，
    所述时间间隔编码策略组合由不同类型的状态元素按照基于所述上行信息生成的指定状态顺序排列而成，所述状态元素包括第一状态和不同类型的第一状态改动状态，所述第一状态改动状态是在由所述脉冲控制模块将所述第一状态波形中出现的一个或多个所述第一波形的位置通过对动态负载进行开通控制而替代时所形成的三相交流电压信号的状态。
  10. 根据权利要求7～9中任一项所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统，其特征在于，所述主控装置还包括：
    解码模块，其用于对所述三相交流电压信号的电压幅值变化特征进行监测，在检测出该电压信号含有下行信息时，对当前三相交流电压信号进行解算并生成相应的下行信息，从而将所述下行信息转发至井下测控系统。
  11. 根据权利要求7～10中任一项所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统，其特征在于，所述主控装置还包括：
    整流模块，其与所述发电模块的三相交流输出端连接，用于获取所述发电模块输出的三相交流电压并对其进行整流处理，以为所述发电模块的可控负载供电；
    直流电压转换模块，其与所述整流模块的输出端连接，用于将整流后的输出电压信号进行直流电压转换处理，生成不同直流电压等级的电源信号，以为井下测控系统和所述主控装置内的解码模块及所述脉冲控制模块供电。
  12. 根据权利要求1～11中任一项所述的泥浆脉冲发生系统，其特征在于，所述三相交流电压信号的幅度变化通过泥浆排量变化控制来实现。
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