WO2023040430A1 - Thermal management system for energy-saving fuel cell - Google Patents

Thermal management system for energy-saving fuel cell Download PDF

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WO2023040430A1
WO2023040430A1 PCT/CN2022/104310 CN2022104310W WO2023040430A1 WO 2023040430 A1 WO2023040430 A1 WO 2023040430A1 CN 2022104310 W CN2022104310 W CN 2022104310W WO 2023040430 A1 WO2023040430 A1 WO 2023040430A1
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air
temperature
fuel cell
low
water
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
邢子义
谢元豪
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Yantai Dongde Industrial Co Ltd
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Yantai Dongde Industrial Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04701—Temperature
    • H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system.
  • fuel cell engines In order to ensure the normal operation of fuel cell engines, fuel cell engines generally require auxiliary systems such as hydrogen supply systems, air supply systems, and circulating water cooling management systems.
  • a compressor In the air supply system, in order to ensure the supply of air in the fuel cell stack, a compressor is generally used to pressurize the air to improve the air supply efficiency, but the exhaust temperature of the compressor is generally 80-90 °C, and the intake air temperature required by the fuel cell stack generally cannot be higher than 80 °C. Therefore, before the high-temperature air enters the fuel cell stack, it is generally necessary to use a condenser to cool the high-temperature air to meet the needs of the fuel cell. Stack inlet temperature requirements. The setting of the compressor and the condenser requires additional consumption of electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack. The compressor has a high speed, high power, and consumes a lot of power, and the motor of the compressor heats up quickly, requiring an additional cooling device for cooling.
  • the condenser is now generally an electric condenser or a water condenser, and an additional water pump is required for the water condenser, which has high energy consumption and greatly increases the power consumption generated by the fuel cell stack.
  • fans are generally used to dissipate heat from the water tank.
  • the water tank is large in size and takes up a lot of space, and the cooling effect of the fan is poor and the cooling speed is slow. Therefore, only high-power water pumps can be used to increase the circulation speed. To improve the cooling efficiency, the high-power water pump will undoubtedly increase the power consumption generated by the fuel cell stack.
  • the present invention provides an energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system, which solves the problems of large compressor power and high energy consumption of the condenser in the past, and solves the problem of large volume and large space occupation of the water tank in the past It solves the problem of poor cooling effect and slow cooling speed of the previous fan, and solves the problem of excessive power consumption of the previous high-power water pump.
  • An energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system including a compressor, the exhaust port of the compressor is connected to the high-temperature air inlet on the side of the first air-to-air cooler through a pipeline, and the low-temperature air on the side of the first air-to-air cooler
  • the air outlet is connected with the air inlet of the fuel cell stack through the pipeline, the air outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the high-temperature air inlet on the side of the second air-to-air cooler through the pipeline, and the low-temperature air on the side of the second air-to-air cooler
  • the air outlet is connected to the low-temperature air inlet on the other side of the first air-to-air cooler through a pipeline, and the high-temperature air outlet on the other side of the first air-to-air cooler is connected to the high-temperature air inlet of the expander through a pipeline.
  • the low-temperature exhaust port is connected with the low-temperature air inlet on the other side of the second air-to-air cooler through a pipeline, and the normal-temperature air outlet on the other side of the second air-to-air cooler leads to the outside; the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander is also connected through the pipe
  • the road is connected with the air inlet of the water-air cooler, the water inlet of the water-air cooler is connected with the circulating water outlet of the fuel cell stack through the water pump through the pipeline, the water outlet of the water-air cooler is connected with the water tank through the pipeline, and the water tank passes through
  • the pipeline is connected with the circulating water inlet of the fuel cell stack.
  • the first air-to-air cooler uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature air outlet on one side of the second air-to-air cooler to exchange heat with the high-temperature air discharged from the exhaust port of the compressor, and converts the air entering the fuel cell stack into the air inlet
  • the high-temperature air is cooled to increase the temperature of the air entering the high-temperature air inlet of the expander.
  • the second air-to-air intercooler uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander to exchange heat with the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell stack The water vapor condenses into water and is expelled.
  • the water-to-air cooler uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander to exchange heat with the circulating water of the fuel cell stack, and cools down the high-temperature water discharged from the circulating water outlet of the fuel cell stack.
  • the air inlet of the compressor is connected with the air filter through a pipeline.
  • the power shaft of the expander is connected with the rotating shaft of the compressor to provide boost for the compressor.
  • the power shaft of the expander is connected with the rotating shaft of the compressor through a coupling or integrally connected.
  • the water tank is provided with a cooling fan.
  • the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander is also connected to the motor casing of the compressor through a pipeline, so as to cool down the motor of the compressor.
  • the present invention adopts above-mentioned scheme, has the following advantages:
  • the high-temperature air discharged from the compressor enters the fuel cell stack after being cooled by the first air-to-air cooler.
  • the exhausted gas contains a large amount of water vapor and enters the second air-to-air cooler.
  • the second air-to-air cooler cools down the gas to condense the water vapor into water and then discharges it.
  • the gas discharged from the second air-to-air cooler enters the first air-to-air cooler
  • the intercooler heats up, and then discharges into the expander.
  • the high-temperature gas entering the expander contains very little water vapor, which avoids water flooding of the expander, and the high-temperature gas provides heat source power for the expander, and the expander converts these heat sources into kinetic energy.
  • the power shaft is output outward, and the power shaft of the expander is connected with the rotating shaft of the compressor to provide power for the compressor, thus reducing the power of the compressor and reducing energy consumption; on the one hand, the low-temperature gas discharged from the expander enters The second air-to-air cooler performs heat exchange, and finally the normal-temperature gas discharged from the second air-to-air cooler is discharged into the atmosphere; the low-temperature gas discharged from the expander enters the water-to-air cooler on the other hand for heat exchange, and the fuel cell power
  • the temperature of the high-temperature water discharged from the circulating water outlet of the stack is cooled, and the cooling speed of the circulating water is greatly accelerated, which is sufficient to cool the fuel cell stack.
  • the gas discharged from the water-to-air cooler has a low temperature and can be reused in the car or other components that require low-temperature gas; the low-temperature gas discharged from the expander can also enter the motor housing of the compressor for reconditioning the compressed gas.
  • the motor of the expander is cooled; the present invention effectively utilizes the low-temperature air at the outlet of the expander, and performs heat exchange in the second air-to-air cooler and water-to-air cooler respectively, thereby reducing energy consumption, improving fuel-electricity efficiency, and reducing Power loss.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure principle of the present invention.
  • Compressor In the figure, 1. Compressor, 2. First air-to-air cooler, 3. Fuel cell stack, 4. Second air-to-air cooler, 5. Expander, 6. Air filter, 7. Water-to-air cooler Device, 8, water pump, 9, water tank, 10, cooling fan.
  • an energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system includes a compressor 1, the exhaust port of the compressor 1 is connected to the high-temperature air inlet on the side of the first air-to-air cooler 2 through a pipeline, and the second The low-temperature air outlet on one side of the air-to-air cooler 2 is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 3 through the pipeline, and the air outlet of the fuel cell stack 3 is connected to the high-temperature air on the side of the second air-to-air cooler 4 through the pipeline.
  • the inlet is connected, the low-temperature air outlet on one side of the second air-to-air cooler 4 is connected to the low-temperature air inlet on the other side of the first air-to-air cooler 2 through pipelines, and the high-temperature air outlet on the other side of the first air-to-air cooler 2
  • the high-temperature air inlet of the expander 5 is connected through a pipeline, and the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander 5 is connected with the low-temperature air inlet on the other side of the second air-to-air cooler 4 through a pipeline, and the second air-to-air cooler 4 is in addition
  • the normal-temperature air outlet on one side leads to the outside; the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander 5 is also connected to the air inlet of the water-air cooler 7 through a pipeline, and the water inlet of the water-air cooler 7 is connected to the fuel cell through a pipeline through a water pump 8
  • the circulating water outlet of the electric stack 3 is connected, the water outlet of the water-
  • the first air-to-air cooler 2 uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature air outlet on the side of the second air-to-air cooler 4 to exchange heat with the high-temperature air discharged from the exhaust port of the compressor 1, and the air that enters the fuel cell stack 3
  • the high-temperature air at the air inlet of the expansion machine 5 is cooled, and the temperature of the air entering the high-temperature air inlet of the expander 5 is raised.
  • the second air-to-air intercooler 4 uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander 5 to exchange heat with the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell stack 3, and discharges the air from the fuel cell stack 3
  • the water vapor in the hot air condenses into water and is discharged.
  • the water-to-air cooler 7 uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander 5 to exchange heat with the circulating water of the fuel cell stack 3 to cool down the high-temperature water discharged from the circulating water outlet of the fuel cell stack 3 .
  • the air inlet of the compressor 1 is connected with an air filter 6 through a pipeline for removing particulate impurities in the air.
  • the power shaft of the expander 5 is connected with the rotating shaft of the compressor 1 to provide boost for the compressor, thereby reducing the power of the compressor 1 and reducing energy consumption.
  • the power shaft of the expander 5 is connected with the rotating shaft of the compressor 1 through a coupling or integrally connected.
  • the water tank 9 is provided with a cooling fan 10, which can be used for auxiliary cooling.
  • the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander 5 is also connected to the motor casing of the compressor 1 through a pipeline, so as to cool down the motor of the compressor 1 .
  • the air enters the compressor 1 through the air filter 6, and after being pressurized in the compressor 1, the temperature of the high-temperature air discharged from the compressor 1 is as high as 80-90°C, and the high-temperature air enters the first air-to-air cooler 2 for heat exchange After being cooled by the first air-to-air cooler 2, the temperature is lower than 80°C and enters the fuel cell stack 3.
  • the temperature of the gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 3 is about 70°C and contains a large amount of water vapor.
  • These gases enter the second air-to-air Heat exchange is carried out in the intercooler 4, and the gas is cooled to about 40°C through the second air-to-air cooler 4 to condense the water vapor in the gas into water and then discharged.
  • the water vapor content in the gas is greatly reduced.
  • the gas discharged from the cooler 4 enters the first air-to-air cooler 2 for heat exchange and heats up to about 80°C, and then is discharged into the expander 5.
  • the high-temperature gas entering the expander 5 has very little water vapor content, which avoids the expansion of water in the expander 5.
  • the high-temperature gas provides heat source power for the expander 5, and the expander 5 converts the heat source into kinetic energy and outputs it through the power shaft, and the power shaft of the expander 5 is connected with the rotating shaft of the compressor 1 to provide power for the compressor 1 , thereby reducing the power of the compressor 1 and energy consumption.
  • the temperature of the low-temperature gas discharged from the expander 5 is about 0-10°C.
  • the second air-to-air cooler 4 can enter the second air-to-air cooler 4 for heat exchange.
  • the 30-40°C room temperature gas discharged from the intercooler 4 is discharged into the atmosphere; on the other hand, it can enter the water-air cooler 7 to exchange heat with the circulating water of the fuel cell stack, and discharge the circulating water outlet of the fuel cell stack
  • the temperature of the high-temperature water is lowered, the cooling speed of the circulating water is greatly accelerated, and the temperature of the gas discharged from the air outlet of the water-to-air cooler 7 is also relatively low, which can be reused in the car or other parts that require low-temperature gas; the third aspect It can also enter into the motor casing of the compressor 1 to cool down the motor of the compressor.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Abstract

A thermal management system for an energy-saving fuel cell, comprising a compressor, an exhaust port of the compressor is connected to a high-temperature air inlet on one side of a first air-to-air intercooler by means of a pipe. A low-temperature air outlet on one side of the first air-to-air intercooler is connected to an air inlet of a fuel cell stack by means of a pipe, an air outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to a high-temperature air inlet on one side of a second air-to-air intercooler by means of a pipe, a low-temperature air outlet on one side of the second air-to-air intercooler is connected to a low-temperature air inlet on the other side of the first air-to-air intercooler by means of a pipe, a high-temperature air outlet on the other side of the first air-to-air intercooler is connected to a high-temperature air inlet of an expander by means of a pipe, and a low-temperature exhaust port of the expander is connected to a low-temperature air inlet on the other side of the second air-to-air intercooler by means of a pipe. In the present invention, low-temperature air at an outlet of the expander is effectively utilized, and heat exchange is separately performed in the second air-to-air intercooler and a water-to-air cooler, thereby reducing energy consumption, improving fuel cell efficiency, and reducing loss during electricity use.

Description

一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统An energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system 技术领域：Technical field:

本发明涉及一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统。The invention relates to an energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system.

背景技术：Background technique:

目前发展新能源燃料电池汽车被认为是交通能源动力转型的重要环节，为了保障燃料电池发动机正常工作，燃料电池发动机一般需要氢气供应系统、空气供应系统和循环水冷却管理系统等辅助系统。At present, the development of new energy fuel cell vehicles is considered an important link in the transformation of transportation energy and power. In order to ensure the normal operation of fuel cell engines, fuel cell engines generally require auxiliary systems such as hydrogen supply systems, air supply systems, and circulating water cooling management systems.

在空气供应系统中，为了保证燃料电池电堆内空气的供应量，一般都会使用到压气机，用于对空气进行增压以提高供气效率，但压气机的排气温度一般是80-90℃，而燃料电池电堆要求的进气温度一般不能高于80℃，因此，在高温空气进入燃料电池电堆之前，一般需要使用冷凝器，用于对高温空气进行降温，以满足燃料电池电堆的进气温度要求。压气机和冷凝器的设置，都需要额外消耗燃料电池电堆产生的电能，其中的压气机转速很高，功率大，耗电多，且压气机的电机发热快，需要额外的冷却装置进行冷却，额外增加了能耗；其中的冷凝器，现在一般都是电冷凝器或水冷凝器，水冷凝器还需额外增加水泵，能耗高，大大增加了燃料电池电堆产生的电能消耗。In the air supply system, in order to ensure the supply of air in the fuel cell stack, a compressor is generally used to pressurize the air to improve the air supply efficiency, but the exhaust temperature of the compressor is generally 80-90 ℃, and the intake air temperature required by the fuel cell stack generally cannot be higher than 80 ℃. Therefore, before the high-temperature air enters the fuel cell stack, it is generally necessary to use a condenser to cool the high-temperature air to meet the needs of the fuel cell. Stack inlet temperature requirements. The setting of the compressor and the condenser requires additional consumption of electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack. The compressor has a high speed, high power, and consumes a lot of power, and the motor of the compressor heats up quickly, requiring an additional cooling device for cooling. , which increases energy consumption; among them, the condenser is now generally an electric condenser or a water condenser, and an additional water pump is required for the water condenser, which has high energy consumption and greatly increases the power consumption generated by the fuel cell stack.

在循环水冷却管理系统中，一般都是通过风扇对水箱进行散热，水箱体积大，占空间大，且风扇的散热效果差，冷却速度慢，因此只能采用大功率水泵，增加循环速度，以提升冷却效率，大功率水泵无疑增加了燃料电池电堆产生的电能消耗。In the circulating water cooling management system, fans are generally used to dissipate heat from the water tank. The water tank is large in size and takes up a lot of space, and the cooling effect of the fan is poor and the cooling speed is slow. Therefore, only high-power water pumps can be used to increase the circulation speed. To improve the cooling efficiency, the high-power water pump will undoubtedly increase the power consumption generated by the fuel cell stack.

综上所述，燃料电池的空气供应系统和循环水冷却管理系统的耗能问题， 已成为行业内亟需解决的技术难题。To sum up, the energy consumption of the fuel cell air supply system and circulating water cooling management system has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the industry.

发明内容：Invention content:

本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足，提供了一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统，解决了以往的压气机功率大、冷凝器能耗高的问题，解决了以往的水箱体积大、占空间大的问题，解决了以往的风扇散热效果差、冷却速度慢的问题，解决了以往的大功率水泵电能消耗过大的问题。In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system, which solves the problems of large compressor power and high energy consumption of the condenser in the past, and solves the problem of large volume and large space occupation of the water tank in the past It solves the problem of poor cooling effect and slow cooling speed of the previous fan, and solves the problem of excessive power consumption of the previous high-power water pump.

本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是：The technical scheme that the present invention adopts for solving the problems of the technologies described above is:

一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统，包括压气机，所述压气机的排气口通过管路与第一空空中冷器一侧的高温空气进口相连，第一空空中冷器一侧的低温空气出口通过管路与燃料电池电堆的空气进口相连，燃料电池电堆的空气出口通过管路与第二空空中冷器一侧的高温空气进口相连，第二空空中冷器一侧的低温空气出口通过管路与第一空空中冷器另一侧的低温空气进口相连，第一空空中冷器另一侧的高温空气出口通过管路与膨胀机的高温进气口相连，膨胀机的低温排气口通过管路与第二空空中冷器另一侧的低温空气进口相连，第二空空中冷器另一侧的常温空气出口通向外界；膨胀机的低温排气口还通过管路与水空中冷器的空气进口相连，水空中冷器的进水口通过管路经水泵与燃料电池电堆的循环水出口相连，水空中冷器的出水口通过管路与水箱相连，水箱通过管路与燃料电池电堆的循环水进口相连。An energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system, including a compressor, the exhaust port of the compressor is connected to the high-temperature air inlet on the side of the first air-to-air cooler through a pipeline, and the low-temperature air on the side of the first air-to-air cooler The air outlet is connected with the air inlet of the fuel cell stack through the pipeline, the air outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected with the high-temperature air inlet on the side of the second air-to-air cooler through the pipeline, and the low-temperature air on the side of the second air-to-air cooler The air outlet is connected to the low-temperature air inlet on the other side of the first air-to-air cooler through a pipeline, and the high-temperature air outlet on the other side of the first air-to-air cooler is connected to the high-temperature air inlet of the expander through a pipeline. The low-temperature exhaust port is connected with the low-temperature air inlet on the other side of the second air-to-air cooler through a pipeline, and the normal-temperature air outlet on the other side of the second air-to-air cooler leads to the outside; the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander is also connected through the pipe The road is connected with the air inlet of the water-air cooler, the water inlet of the water-air cooler is connected with the circulating water outlet of the fuel cell stack through the water pump through the pipeline, the water outlet of the water-air cooler is connected with the water tank through the pipeline, and the water tank passes through The pipeline is connected with the circulating water inlet of the fuel cell stack.

所述第一空空中冷器利用第二空空中冷器一侧的低温空气出口排出的低温空气与压气机的排气口排出的高温空气进行热交换，将进入燃料电池电堆的空气进口的高温空气进行降温，将进入膨胀机的高温进气口的空气温度升高。The first air-to-air cooler uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature air outlet on one side of the second air-to-air cooler to exchange heat with the high-temperature air discharged from the exhaust port of the compressor, and converts the air entering the fuel cell stack into the air inlet The high-temperature air is cooled to increase the temperature of the air entering the high-temperature air inlet of the expander.

所述第二空空中冷器利用膨胀机的低温排气口排出的低温空气与燃料电池电堆的空气出口排出的高温空气进行热交换，将燃料电池电堆的空气出口排出 的高温空气中的水蒸气凝结成水并排出。The second air-to-air intercooler uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander to exchange heat with the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell stack, and the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell stack The water vapor condenses into water and is expelled.

所述水空中冷器利用膨胀机的低温排气口排出的低温空气与燃料电池电堆的循环水进行热交换，将燃料电池电堆的循环水出口排出的高温水进行降温。The water-to-air cooler uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander to exchange heat with the circulating water of the fuel cell stack, and cools down the high-temperature water discharged from the circulating water outlet of the fuel cell stack.

所述压气机的进气口通过管路与空气滤清器相连。The air inlet of the compressor is connected with the air filter through a pipeline.

所述膨胀机的动力轴与压气机的转轴相连用于给压气机提供助力。The power shaft of the expander is connected with the rotating shaft of the compressor to provide boost for the compressor.

所述膨胀机的动力轴与压气机的转轴通过联轴器相连或一体连接。The power shaft of the expander is connected with the rotating shaft of the compressor through a coupling or integrally connected.

所述水箱上设有散热风扇。The water tank is provided with a cooling fan.

所述膨胀机的低温排气口还通过管路与压气机的电机壳体相连，用于对压气机的电机进行降温。The low-temperature exhaust port of the expander is also connected to the motor casing of the compressor through a pipeline, so as to cool down the motor of the compressor.

本发明采用上述方案，具有以下优点：The present invention adopts above-mentioned scheme, has the following advantages:

通过增加膨胀机和第一空空中冷器、第二空空中冷器、水空中冷器，压气机排出的高温空气经第一空空中冷器降温后进入燃料电池电堆，从燃料电池电堆排出的气体内含有大量水蒸气并进入第二空空中冷器，第二空空中冷器将气体降温使这些水蒸气凝结成水后排出，第二空空中冷器排出的气体再进入第一空空中冷器进行升温，然后排出进入膨胀机，进入膨胀机的高温气体水蒸气含量很少，避免了膨胀机水淹，而且高温气体给膨胀机提供热源动力，膨胀机将这些热源转化为动能经动力轴向外输出，膨胀机的动力轴与压气机的转轴相连用于给压气机提供助力，从而减小了压气机的功率，减小了能耗；膨胀机排出的低温气体一方面再进入第二空空中冷器进行热交换，最后从第二空空中冷器排出的常温气体排至大气中；膨胀机排出的低温气体另一方面再进入水空中冷器进行热交换，将燃料电池电堆的循环水出口排出的高温水进行降温，循环水的冷却速度大大加快，足以满足对燃料电池电堆的冷却，因此可减小水箱体积， 节省空间，减小水泵功率，降低能耗，从水空中冷器排出的气体温度较低可通向车内或其他需要低温气体的部件进行再利用；膨胀机排出的低温气体第三方面还可进入压气机的电机壳体内，用于对压气机的电机进行降温；本发明有效的利用了膨胀机出口的低温空气，在第二空空中冷器、水空中冷器内分别进行热交换，减少了能耗，提高了燃电效率，减少了用电损耗。By adding the expander and the first air-to-air cooler, the second air-to-air cooler, and the water-to-air cooler, the high-temperature air discharged from the compressor enters the fuel cell stack after being cooled by the first air-to-air cooler. The exhausted gas contains a large amount of water vapor and enters the second air-to-air cooler. The second air-to-air cooler cools down the gas to condense the water vapor into water and then discharges it. The gas discharged from the second air-to-air cooler enters the first air-to-air cooler The intercooler heats up, and then discharges into the expander. The high-temperature gas entering the expander contains very little water vapor, which avoids water flooding of the expander, and the high-temperature gas provides heat source power for the expander, and the expander converts these heat sources into kinetic energy. The power shaft is output outward, and the power shaft of the expander is connected with the rotating shaft of the compressor to provide power for the compressor, thus reducing the power of the compressor and reducing energy consumption; on the one hand, the low-temperature gas discharged from the expander enters The second air-to-air cooler performs heat exchange, and finally the normal-temperature gas discharged from the second air-to-air cooler is discharged into the atmosphere; the low-temperature gas discharged from the expander enters the water-to-air cooler on the other hand for heat exchange, and the fuel cell power The temperature of the high-temperature water discharged from the circulating water outlet of the stack is cooled, and the cooling speed of the circulating water is greatly accelerated, which is sufficient to cool the fuel cell stack. Therefore, it can reduce the volume of the water tank, save space, reduce the power of the water pump, and reduce energy consumption. The gas discharged from the water-to-air cooler has a low temperature and can be reused in the car or other components that require low-temperature gas; the low-temperature gas discharged from the expander can also enter the motor housing of the compressor for reconditioning the compressed gas. The motor of the expander is cooled; the present invention effectively utilizes the low-temperature air at the outlet of the expander, and performs heat exchange in the second air-to-air cooler and water-to-air cooler respectively, thereby reducing energy consumption, improving fuel-electricity efficiency, and reducing Power loss.

附图说明：Description of drawings:

图1为本发明的结构原理示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure principle of the present invention.

图中，1、压气机，2、第一空空中冷器，3、燃料电池电堆，4、第二空空中冷器，5、膨胀机，6、空气滤清器，7、水空中冷器，8、水泵，9、水箱，10、散热风扇。In the figure, 1. Compressor, 2. First air-to-air cooler, 3. Fuel cell stack, 4. Second air-to-air cooler, 5. Expander, 6. Air filter, 7. Water-to-air cooler Device, 8, water pump, 9, water tank, 10, cooling fan.

具体实施方式：Detailed ways:

为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点，下面通过具体实施方式，并结合其附图，对本发明进行详细阐述。In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the present invention will be described in detail below through specific implementation modes and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

如图1所示，一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统，包括压气机1，所述压气机1的排气口通过管路与第一空空中冷器2一侧的高温空气进口相连，第一空空中冷器2一侧的低温空气出口通过管路与燃料电池电堆3的空气进口相连，燃料电池电堆3的空气出口通过管路与第二空空中冷器4一侧的高温空气进口相连，第二空空中冷器4一侧的低温空气出口通过管路与第一空空中冷器2另一侧的低温空气进口相连，第一空空中冷器2另一侧的高温空气出口通过管路与膨胀机5的高温进气口相连，膨胀机5的低温排气口通过管路与第二空空中冷器4另一侧的低温空气进口相连，第二空空中冷器4另一侧的常温空气出口通向外界；膨胀机5的低温排气口还通过管路与水空中冷器7的空气进口相连，水空中冷器7的进水口通过管路经水泵8与燃料电池电堆3的循环水出口相连，水 空中冷器7的出水口通过管路与水箱9相连，水箱9通过管路与燃料电池电堆3的循环水进口相连。As shown in Figure 1, an energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system includes a compressor 1, the exhaust port of the compressor 1 is connected to the high-temperature air inlet on the side of the first air-to-air cooler 2 through a pipeline, and the second The low-temperature air outlet on one side of the air-to-air cooler 2 is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 3 through the pipeline, and the air outlet of the fuel cell stack 3 is connected to the high-temperature air on the side of the second air-to-air cooler 4 through the pipeline. The inlet is connected, the low-temperature air outlet on one side of the second air-to-air cooler 4 is connected to the low-temperature air inlet on the other side of the first air-to-air cooler 2 through pipelines, and the high-temperature air outlet on the other side of the first air-to-air cooler 2 The high-temperature air inlet of the expander 5 is connected through a pipeline, and the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander 5 is connected with the low-temperature air inlet on the other side of the second air-to-air cooler 4 through a pipeline, and the second air-to-air cooler 4 is in addition The normal-temperature air outlet on one side leads to the outside; the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander 5 is also connected to the air inlet of the water-air cooler 7 through a pipeline, and the water inlet of the water-air cooler 7 is connected to the fuel cell through a pipeline through a water pump 8 The circulating water outlet of the electric stack 3 is connected, the water outlet of the water-air cooler 7 is connected with the water tank 9 through the pipeline, and the water tank 9 is connected with the circulating water inlet of the fuel cell stack 3 through the pipeline.

所述第一空空中冷器2利用第二空空中冷器4一侧的低温空气出口排出的低温空气与压气机1的排气口排出的高温空气进行热交换，将进入燃料电池电堆3的空气进口的高温空气进行降温，将进入膨胀机5的高温进气口的空气温度升高。The first air-to-air cooler 2 uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature air outlet on the side of the second air-to-air cooler 4 to exchange heat with the high-temperature air discharged from the exhaust port of the compressor 1, and the air that enters the fuel cell stack 3 The high-temperature air at the air inlet of the expansion machine 5 is cooled, and the temperature of the air entering the high-temperature air inlet of the expander 5 is raised.

所述第二空空中冷器4利用膨胀机5的低温排气口排出的低温空气与燃料电池电堆3的空气出口排出的高温空气进行热交换，将燃料电池电堆3的空气出口排出的高温空气中的水蒸气凝结成水并排出。The second air-to-air intercooler 4 uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander 5 to exchange heat with the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell stack 3, and discharges the air from the fuel cell stack 3 The water vapor in the hot air condenses into water and is discharged.

所述水空中冷器7利用膨胀机5的低温排气口排出的低温空气与燃料电池电堆3的循环水进行热交换，将燃料电池电堆3的循环水出口排出的高温水进行降温。The water-to-air cooler 7 uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander 5 to exchange heat with the circulating water of the fuel cell stack 3 to cool down the high-temperature water discharged from the circulating water outlet of the fuel cell stack 3 .

所述压气机1的进气口通过管路与空气滤清器6相连，用于清除空气中的微粒杂质。The air inlet of the compressor 1 is connected with an air filter 6 through a pipeline for removing particulate impurities in the air.

所述膨胀机5的动力轴与压气机1的转轴相连用于给压气机提供助力，从而减小了压气机1的功率，减小了能耗。The power shaft of the expander 5 is connected with the rotating shaft of the compressor 1 to provide boost for the compressor, thereby reducing the power of the compressor 1 and reducing energy consumption.

所述膨胀机5的动力轴与压气机1的转轴通过联轴器相连或一体连接。The power shaft of the expander 5 is connected with the rotating shaft of the compressor 1 through a coupling or integrally connected.

所述水箱9上设有散热风扇10，可用于辅助散热。The water tank 9 is provided with a cooling fan 10, which can be used for auxiliary cooling.

所述膨胀机5的低温排气口还通过管路与压气机1的电机壳体相连，用于对压气机1的电机进行降温。The low-temperature exhaust port of the expander 5 is also connected to the motor casing of the compressor 1 through a pipeline, so as to cool down the motor of the compressor 1 .

工作原理：working principle:

空气经空气滤清器6进入压气机1，在压气机1内增压后，从压气机1排出 的高温空气温度高达80-90℃，这些高温空气进入第一空空中冷器2进行热交换，经第一空空中冷器2降温后温度低于80℃进入燃料电池电堆3，从燃料电池电堆3排出的气体温度大约70℃且气体内含有大量水蒸气，这些气体进入第二空空中冷器4内进行热交换，经第二空空中冷器4将气体降温至约40℃使气体内的水蒸气凝结成水后排出，气体内的水蒸气含量大大降低，经第二空空中冷器4排出的气体再进入第一空空中冷器2进行热交换升温至约80℃，然后排出进入膨胀机5，进入膨胀机5的高温气体水蒸气含量很少，避免了膨胀机5水淹，而且高温气体给膨胀机5提供热源动力，膨胀机5将这些热源转化为动能经动力轴向外输出，膨胀机5的动力轴与压气机1的转轴相连用于给压气机1提供助力，从而减小了压气机1的功率，减小了能耗，膨胀机5排出的低温气体温度约0-10℃，一方面可进入第二空空中冷器4进行热交换，从第二空空中冷器4排出的30-40℃常温气体排至大气中；另一方面可进入水空中冷器7内与燃料电池电堆的循环水进行热交换，将燃料电池电堆的循环水出口排出的高温水进行降温，循环水的冷却速度大大加快，从水空中冷器7的空气出口排出的气体温度也比较低，可通向车内或其他需要低温气体的部件进行再利用；第三方面还可进入压气机1的电机壳体内，用于对压气机的电机进行降温。The air enters the compressor 1 through the air filter 6, and after being pressurized in the compressor 1, the temperature of the high-temperature air discharged from the compressor 1 is as high as 80-90°C, and the high-temperature air enters the first air-to-air cooler 2 for heat exchange After being cooled by the first air-to-air cooler 2, the temperature is lower than 80°C and enters the fuel cell stack 3. The temperature of the gas discharged from the fuel cell stack 3 is about 70°C and contains a large amount of water vapor. These gases enter the second air-to-air Heat exchange is carried out in the intercooler 4, and the gas is cooled to about 40°C through the second air-to-air cooler 4 to condense the water vapor in the gas into water and then discharged. The water vapor content in the gas is greatly reduced. The gas discharged from the cooler 4 enters the first air-to-air cooler 2 for heat exchange and heats up to about 80°C, and then is discharged into the expander 5. The high-temperature gas entering the expander 5 has very little water vapor content, which avoids the expansion of water in the expander 5. In addition, the high-temperature gas provides heat source power for the expander 5, and the expander 5 converts the heat source into kinetic energy and outputs it through the power shaft, and the power shaft of the expander 5 is connected with the rotating shaft of the compressor 1 to provide power for the compressor 1 , thereby reducing the power of the compressor 1 and energy consumption. The temperature of the low-temperature gas discharged from the expander 5 is about 0-10°C. On the one hand, it can enter the second air-to-air cooler 4 for heat exchange. The 30-40°C room temperature gas discharged from the intercooler 4 is discharged into the atmosphere; on the other hand, it can enter the water-air cooler 7 to exchange heat with the circulating water of the fuel cell stack, and discharge the circulating water outlet of the fuel cell stack The temperature of the high-temperature water is lowered, the cooling speed of the circulating water is greatly accelerated, and the temperature of the gas discharged from the air outlet of the water-to-air cooler 7 is also relatively low, which can be reused in the car or other parts that require low-temperature gas; the third aspect It can also enter into the motor casing of the compressor 1 to cool down the motor of the compressor.

上述具体实施方式不能作为对本发明保护范围的限制，对于本技术领域的技术人员来说，对本发明实施方式所做出的任何替代改进或变换均落在本发明的保护范围内。The above specific implementation manners cannot be regarded as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any substitution, improvement or transformation made to the implementation manners of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

本发明未详述之处，均为本技术领域技术人员的公知技术。The parts of the present invention that are not described in detail are known technologies of those skilled in the art.

Claims (9)

一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统，其特征在于：包括压气机，所述压气机的排气口通过管路与第一空空中冷器一侧的高温空气进口相连，第一空空中冷器一侧的低温空气出口通过管路与燃料电池电堆的空气进口相连，燃料电池电堆的空气出口通过管路与第二空空中冷器一侧的高温空气进口相连，第二空空中冷器一侧的低温空气出口通过管路与第一空空中冷器另一侧的低温空气进口相连，第一空空中冷器另一侧的高温空气出口通过管路与膨胀机的高温进气口相连，膨胀机的低温排气口通过管路与第二空空中冷器另一侧的低温空气进口相连，第二空空中冷器另一侧的常温空气出口通向外界；膨胀机的低温排气口还通过管路与水空中冷器的空气进口相连，水空中冷器的进水口通过管路经水泵与燃料电池电堆的循环水出口相连，水空中冷器的出水口通过管路与水箱相连，水箱通过管路与燃料电池电堆的循环水进口相连。An energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system, characterized in that it includes a compressor, the exhaust port of the compressor is connected to the high-temperature air inlet on one side of the first air-to-air cooler through a pipeline, and the first air-to-air cooler The low-temperature air outlet on one side is connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack through a pipeline, and the air outlet of the fuel cell stack is connected to the high-temperature air inlet on one side of the second air-to-air cooler through a pipeline, and the second air-to-air cooler The low-temperature air outlet on one side is connected to the low-temperature air inlet on the other side of the first air-to-air cooler through pipelines, and the high-temperature air outlet on the other side of the first air-to-air cooler is connected to the high-temperature air inlet of the expander through pipelines , the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander is connected with the low-temperature air inlet on the other side of the second air-to-air cooler through pipelines, and the normal-temperature air outlet on the other side of the second air-to-air cooler leads to the outside; the low-temperature exhaust of the expander The inlet of the water-air cooler is also connected with the air inlet of the water-air cooler through the pipeline, the water inlet of the water-air cooler is connected with the circulating water outlet of the fuel cell stack through the pipeline through the water pump, and the water outlet of the water-air cooler is connected with the water tank through the pipeline. The water tank is connected with the circulating water inlet of the fuel cell stack through pipelines. 根据权利要求1所述的一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统，其特征在于：所述第一空空中冷器利用第二空空中冷器一侧的低温空气出口排出的低温空气与压气机的排气口排出的高温空气进行热交换，将进入燃料电池电堆的空气进口的高温空气进行降温，将进入膨胀机的高温进气口的空气温度升高。An energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the first air-to-air intercooler uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature air outlet on one side of the second air-to-air intercooler and the air from the compressor The high-temperature air discharged from the exhaust port performs heat exchange to cool down the high-temperature air entering the air inlet of the fuel cell stack, and raise the temperature of the air entering the high-temperature air inlet of the expander. 根据权利要求1所述的一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统，其特征在于：所述第二空空中冷器利用膨胀机的低温排气口排出的低温空气与燃料电池电堆的空气出口排出的高温空气进行热交换，将燃料电池电堆的空气出口排出的高温空气中的水蒸气凝结成水并排出。An energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the second air-to-air cooler uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander and the air outlet of the fuel cell stack to discharge The high-temperature air is used for heat exchange, and the water vapor in the high-temperature air discharged from the air outlet of the fuel cell stack is condensed into water and discharged. 根据权利要求1所述的一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统，其特征在于：所述水空中冷器利用膨胀机的低温排气口排出的低温空气与燃料电池电堆的循环水进行热交换，将燃料电池电堆的循环水出口排出的高温水进行降温。An energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the water-to-air cooler uses the low-temperature air discharged from the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander to exchange heat with the circulating water of the fuel cell stack , to cool down the high-temperature water discharged from the circulating water outlet of the fuel cell stack. 根据权利要求1所述的一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统，其特征在于：所述压气机的进气口通过管路与空气滤清器相连。An energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the air inlet of the compressor is connected to the air filter through a pipeline. 根据权利要求1所述的一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统，其特征在于：所述膨胀机的动力轴与压气机的转轴相连用于给压气机提供助力。An energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power shaft of the expander is connected with the rotating shaft of the compressor to provide boost for the compressor. 根据权利要求6所述的一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统，其特征在于：所述膨胀机的动力轴与压气机的转轴通过联轴器相连或一体连接。An energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the power shaft of the expander is connected to the rotating shaft of the compressor through a coupling or integrally connected. 根据权利要求1所述的一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统，其特征在于：所述水箱上设有散热风扇。An energy-saving fuel cell heat management system according to claim 1, wherein a cooling fan is provided on the water tank. 根据权利要求1所述的一种节能型燃料电池热管理系统，其特征在于：所述膨胀机的低温排气口还通过管路与压气机的电机壳体相连，用于对压气机的电机进行降温。An energy-saving fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the low-temperature exhaust port of the expander is also connected to the motor housing of the compressor through a pipeline, which is used to control the air flow of the compressor. The motor cools down.
PCT/CN2022/104310 2021-09-17 2022-07-07 Thermal management system for energy-saving fuel cell Ceased WO2023040430A1 (en)

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