WO2023016106A1 - 下车身后部结构及汽车 - Google Patents

下车身后部结构及汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023016106A1
WO2023016106A1 PCT/CN2022/101484 CN2022101484W WO2023016106A1 WO 2023016106 A1 WO2023016106 A1 WO 2023016106A1 CN 2022101484 W CN2022101484 W CN 2022101484W WO 2023016106 A1 WO2023016106 A1 WO 2023016106A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rear floor
floor
sides
spare tire
structure according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/101484
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张书任
贺志杰
张涛
李运涛
陈强
梁新宇
李任
武文波
Original Assignee
长城汽车股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 长城汽车股份有限公司 filed Critical 长城汽车股份有限公司
Priority to EP22855091.9A priority Critical patent/EP4385862A4/en
Publication of WO2023016106A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023016106A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/08—Front or rear portions
    • B62D25/087—Luggage compartments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/02—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted comprising longitudinally or transversely arranged frame members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R5/00—Compartments within vehicle body primarily intended or sufficiently spacious for trunks, suit-cases, or the like
    • B60R5/04—Compartments within vehicle body primarily intended or sufficiently spacious for trunks, suit-cases, or the like arranged at rear of vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D21/00—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted
    • B62D21/11—Understructures, i.e. chassis frame on which a vehicle body may be mounted with resilient means for suspension, e.g. of wheels or engine; sub-frames for mounting engine or suspensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00—Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/20—Floors or bottom sub-units
    • B62D25/2009—Floors or bottom sub-units in connection with other superstructure subunits
    • B62D25/2027—Floors or bottom sub-units in connection with other superstructure subunits the subunits being rear structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/008—Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of light alloys, e.g. extruded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D43/00—Spare wheel stowing, holding, or mounting arrangements
    • B62D43/06—Spare wheel stowing, holding, or mounting arrangements within the vehicle body

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of automobile body, in particular to a lower body rear structure. Meanwhile, the present disclosure also relates to an automobile provided with the above-mentioned lower body rear structure.
  • the structural design of the rear floor of the car plays a vital role in the force transmission of the car body and the safety of collision performance, and the high-performance force transmission structure of the rear floor of the car can significantly improve the driving comfort and improve the driving safety factor.
  • the conventional automobile rear floor is mainly composed of multiple sheet metals such as the rear floor panel, the rear floor middle beam, the front floor rear beam and the rear floor longitudinal beam.
  • the structural design has the following deficiencies in practical application:
  • the rear floor of the car mainly relies on the rear floor longitudinal beam assembly and the front floor sill beam for front-to-back force transmission, and the force transmission path is single.
  • the rear floor longitudinal beam assembly and the front floor sill beam are under greater force. It is easy to cause severe bending in the overlapping area between the rear floor longitudinal beam and the front floor sill, which poses a serious safety threat to the passengers;
  • the present disclosure aims to propose an underbody rear structure to improve the overall layout of the vehicle rear body frame, shelf and spare wheel compartment.
  • a rear structure of the lower vehicle body comprising an integral die-cast rear floor, a rear section of the rear floor longitudinal beam fixedly connected to the rear floor, a storage board and a spare tire compartment;
  • the rear floor is formed with rear floor longitudinal beams arranged on both sides, and a rear floor middle beam and a rear floor rear beam connected between the rear floor longitudinal beams on both sides, and the two sides of the rear floor Respectively provided with rear wheel housings connected to said rear floor rails on respective sides;
  • the storage board is located above the rear floor, and the two ends of the storage board are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the rear wheel housings on both sides, and are connected through connecting plates, and the rear floor, the The storage board and the two connecting plates are connected to form a ring structure arranged along the height direction of the vehicle body;
  • the rear sections of the rear floor longitudinal beams are two respectively connected to the rear ends of the rear floor longitudinal beams on both sides, and a rear support plate is connected between the rear ends of the rear sections of the two rear floor longitudinal beams.
  • the spare tire compartment is arranged in the installation space enclosed by the rear floor, the rear support plate and the rear sections of the rear floor longitudinal beams on both sides.
  • the inner sides of the rear floor longitudinal beams on both sides are formed with rear floor force transmission beams; the rear ends of each of the rear floor force transmission beams are connected with the rear floor middle beams; the rear floor longitudinal beams on each side
  • the beam and the rear floor force transmission beam form a "herringbone" shaped force transmission channel due to the connection of the cross beam in the rear floor.
  • the front end of the rear floor is formed with a rear floor connecting beam; the rear floor connecting beam is connected between the rear floor longitudinal beams on both sides; Floor connecting beams are connected.
  • At least one of the rear floor longitudinal beam, the rear floor middle beam, the rear wheel house, the rear floor force transmission beam, the rear floor connecting beam and the rear floor rear beam is formed with Ribs.
  • rear spring mounting seats are respectively formed on the rear floor longitudinal beams on both sides.
  • rear shock absorber mounts are respectively formed on the rear wheel housings on both sides.
  • the rear section of the rear floor stringer is integrally extruded; the cross section of the rear section of the rear floor stringer is Japanese-shaped; the side of the rear section of the rear floor stringer is formed with an overhanging lap plate.
  • the rear end of the rear floor stringer is formed with an insertion slot; the rear section of each rear floor stringer is plugged with the corresponding rear floor stringer and fixedly connected together.
  • the shelf board includes an upper board, and a lower board fastened and fastened to the bottom of the upper board; the upper board has a plurality of bent parts and is similar to a ladder shape; the lower board and the A cavity is formed around the upper plates.
  • the top of the rear wheel cover is formed with a connecting seat; the end of the connecting plate connected to the rear wheel cover is connected to the connecting seat; the end of the connecting plate connected to the shelf board is connected at the bottom of the lower plate.
  • the spare tire compartment includes a spare tire compartment body formed with an open top accommodating chamber; the top of the spare tire compartment body is formed with an eversioned flange, and the flange is provided with a
  • the spare tire compartment body is fixed at the fixing part in the installation space; a downwardly convex reinforcement structure is formed on the bottom end surface of the spare tire compartment body, and the reinforcement structure is honeycomb-shaped.
  • outwardly protruding reinforcing ribs are formed on the outer wall of the spare tire compartment body; the reinforcing ribs are a plurality of ribs distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the spare tire compartment body.
  • a downwardly protruding annular rib is formed on the bottom end surface of the spare tire compartment body; the reinforcing structure is located inside the annular rib and connected to the inner wall of the annular rib; the bottom end of the reinforcing rib extends to the bottom end surface of the spare tire well body, and connected to the outer wall of the annular rib.
  • the rear floor is integrally die-casted with cast aluminum; the shelf is integrally extruded with aluminum alloy; and the spare tire compartment is integrally injection-molded.
  • the present disclosure has the following advantages:
  • the storage board and the integrally formed rear floor are connected as a whole through the connecting plate, and a ring-shaped reinforcement structure is formed in the height direction of the vehicle body, which can improve the safety of the storage board at the rear of the vehicle.
  • Bearing performance install the spare tire compartment in the space enclosed by the rear floor, the rear section of the rear floor longitudinal beam and the rear support plate, so that the spare tire compartment has a stable load-bearing foundation; It is integrally formed on the rear floor, which improves the structural compactness and assembly efficiency of the body frame, thereby improving the overall arrangement of the rear body frame, storage board and spare tire compartment of the vehicle.
  • the flange is set on the top of the spare tire compartment body, and the lap plate can be conveniently placed on the frame surrounded by the rear floor, the rear section of the rear floor longitudinal beam and the rear support plate; through the setting of the fixed part on the flange , the fastening and installation of the spare tire compartment can be completed by using the installation holes and screws.
  • the reinforcement structure on the spare tire compartment body, the reinforcing rib and the ring rib can greatly improve the overall strength of the spare tire compartment, which is conducive to improving the load-bearing performance of the spare tire compartment.
  • the spare tire compartment is made by injection molding technology, which has the advantages of mature technology and easy processing and molding.
  • Another object of the present disclosure is to propose an automobile whose body is provided with the lower body rear structure as described above.
  • the beneficial effect of the automobile of the present disclosure is the same as that of the rear structure of the lower vehicle body, and will not be repeated here.
  • Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the rear structure of the lower vehicle body described in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the rear structure of the lower vehicle body according to an embodiment of the present disclosure after the storage board and the spare tire compartment are removed;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the spare tire compartment described in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rear structure of the lower vehicle body according to an embodiment of the present disclosure from another perspective;
  • Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the rear structure of the lower vehicle body after removing the rear section of the rear floor longitudinal beam according to the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of another viewing angle of the structure described in Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view of part A in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the vehicle body described in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the force transmission path when the vehicle body is collided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Rear floor longitudinal beam 101. Rear spring mounting seat; 102. Rear suspension mounting point; 103. Rear section of rear floor longitudinal beam;
  • Spare tire compartment 160. Spare tire compartment body; 161. Accommodating cavity; 162. Flange; 163. Fixed part; 164. Reinforcement structure; 165. Reinforcing rib; 166. Ring rib;
  • connection in the description of the present disclosure, unless otherwise clearly defined, the terms “installation”, “connection”, “connection” and “connector” should be interpreted broadly. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary; connected. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure in combination with specific situations.
  • This embodiment relates to a rear structure of the lower vehicle body, which can improve the overall arrangement structure of the rear body frame of the vehicle, the storage board 15 and the spare tire compartment 16 .
  • the lower vehicle body rear structure includes an integral die-cast rear floor, a rear floor longitudinal member rear section 103 fixedly connected to the rear floor, a storage board 15 and a spare tire compartment 16 .
  • the back floor is formed with the rear floor longitudinal beam 1 which is arranged on both sides, and the rear floor middle beam 2 and the rear floor rear beam 6 connected between the rear floor longitudinal beams 1 on both sides, and the two sides of the rear floor
  • Each side is also respectively provided with a rear wheel house 3 connected to the rear floor rail 1 of the corresponding side.
  • Shelving board 15 is positioned at the top of back floor, and the two ends of shelving board 15 and the rear wheel housing 3 of both sides are arranged in one-to-one correspondence, and all link to each other by connecting plate 14;
  • the connecting plate 14 is connected to form an annular structure arranged along the height direction of the vehicle body.
  • the rear section 103 of the rear floor longitudinal beam is two respectively connected to the rear ends of the rear floor longitudinal beams 1 on both sides, and a rear support plate 11 is connected between the rear ends of the two rear floor longitudinal beam rear sections 103, and the spare tire compartment 16 is arranged in the installation space enclosed by the rear floor, the rear support plate 11 and the rear sections 103 of the rear floor longitudinal beams on both sides.
  • FIG. 1 an exemplary structure of the lower body rear structure of this embodiment is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
  • it mainly includes an integral die-casting rear floor, and a The rear section 103 of the rear floor longitudinal member, the shelf board 15 and the spare tire compartment 16 are connected.
  • rear floor longitudinal beams 1 On the rear floor, there are rear floor longitudinal beams 1 separately arranged on both sides, and a rear floor middle beam 2 connected between the rear floor longitudinal beams 1 on both sides.
  • rear floor force transmission beams 4 are formed on the inner sides of the rear floor longitudinal beams 1 on both sides, and the rear ends of each rear floor force transmission beam 4 are connected with the rear floor middle beam 2 .
  • rear wheelhouses 3 connected to the rear floor side members 1 on the corresponding sides are respectively provided on both sides of the rear floor side member 1 .
  • the object shelf 15 is located above the rear floor, and the two ends of the object shelf 15 are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the rear wheel housings 3 on both sides, and are all connected by the connecting plate 14 .
  • the rear floor, the storage board 15 and the two connecting plates 14 are connected to form a ring structure arranged along the height direction of the vehicle body.
  • the storage board 15 and the integrally formed rear floor are connected as a whole by the connecting plate 14, forming a ring-shaped reinforcement structure in the height direction of the vehicle body.
  • the frame connection is tighter, which helps to improve the load-bearing performance of the shelf board 15 located at the rear of the vehicle.
  • the above-mentioned shelf 15 is preferably integrally extruded from an aluminum alloy, which can adopt a plate-like structure, and a preferred structural form can be configured as follows.
  • the storage board 15 includes a stepped upper board 151 having a plurality of bent portions 150 , and a lower board 152 fastened to the bottom of the upper board 151 .
  • a cavity 153 is formed between the fastened lower board 152 and the upper board 151 .
  • the storage board 15 is made of an integrally extruded structure, which is convenient for processing and structure, and has the advantages of light weight.
  • the cavity 153 is formed by setting the bent portion 150 , which helps to enhance the overall three-dimensional strength of the shelf board 15 .
  • a connecting seat 13 can be formed on the top of the rear wheel house 3, and the two connecting plates 14 are respectively fixed at the connecting seats 13 of the rear wheel house 3 on both sides by means of riveting or screwing. , the other ends of the two connecting plates 14 are respectively screwed or riveted to the two ends of the storage board 15 .
  • the rear ends of the rear floor longitudinal beams 1 on both sides are also respectively connected to the rear sections 103 of the rear floor longitudinal beams, and the rear sections 103 of each rear floor longitudinal beam are plugged into the corresponding rear floor longitudinal beams 1 Afterwards, they are firmly connected together.
  • the rear sections 103 of the two rear floor longitudinal beams are preferably integrally extruded from an aluminum alloy.
  • the rear section 103 of the above-mentioned rear floor longitudinal beam preferably adopts a Japanese-shaped cross section.
  • the cross-section of the rear section 103 of the rear floor longitudinal beam adopts a Japanese-shaped structure, which is not only convenient for processing and forming, but also helps to improve the overall strength of the rear section 103 of the rear floor longitudinal beam itself.
  • an overhanging lap joint plate 10 is formed on the side of the rear section 103 of the rear floor longitudinal beam; a rear support plate 11 can also be connected between the rear ends of the two rear floor longitudinal beam rear sections 103 .
  • Add the lapped plate 10 structure of flanging at the rear section 103 of the rear floor stringer which is convenient for the connection and cooperation between the rear floor stringer rear section 103 and the rear floor stringer 1, and is conducive to improving the connection between the rear floor stringer rear section 103 and the rear floor stringer rear section 103. Connection guidance between rear floor stringers 1.
  • the rear floor stringer 1 and the rear section 103 of the rear floor stringer on the basis of plug-in, it can be fastened in the form of welding, screwing or the like.
  • the rear end of the rear floor longitudinal beam 1 is formed with an insertion groove 12, and the front end of the rear floor longitudinal beam 103 is inserted into the insertion groove 12; Rivets are used between the beams 1 to fasten them together.
  • the rear end of the rear floor longitudinal beam 1 is provided with an insertion slot 12, and the rear section 103 of the rear floor longitudinal beam is fixed on the rear floor longitudinal beam 1 by means of plug-in and riveting structure, which not only has a certain connection firmness, but also When the rear part is subjected to a strong collision, the rear section 103 of the rear floor stringer can be inserted into the insertion slot 12 of the rear floor stringer 1 after the riveted parts are broken, so as to further buffer and absorb energy.
  • the rear structure of the lower vehicle body described in this embodiment enriches the force transmission path and the overall structural strength of the rear end of the vehicle by matching the rear floor longitudinal beam 1 with the rear floor center beam 2 and the rear floor force transmission beam 4; , the rear section 103 of the rear floor stringer inserted in the rear end of the rear floor stringer 1 can play a certain role in buffering and absorbing energy due to its own sinking and deformation toward the rear floor stringer 1, so as to facilitate the improvement of vehicle Rear impact protection performance.
  • the rear section 103 of the rear floor stringer is two respectively connected to the rear ends of the rear floor stringer 1 on both sides, and the rear support plate 11 is connected between the rear ends of the two rear floor stringer rear sections 103; thus, An installation space is formed around the rear floor, the rear support plate 11 and the rear sections 103 of the rear floor longitudinal beams on both sides, and the above-mentioned spare tire compartment 16 is set in the installation space.
  • the spare tire compartment 16 includes a spare tire compartment body 160 formed with an accommodating cavity 161 with an open top.
  • a turn-out flange 162 is formed around the top of the spare tire compartment body 160 , and a fixing portion 163 for fixing the spare tire compartment body 160 in the installation space is provided on the flange 162 .
  • the fixing portion 163 may be a mounting hole opened on the flange 162 .
  • a flange 162 is set on the top of the spare tire compartment body 160, and the lap plate 10 can be conveniently placed on the frame surrounded by the rear floor, the rear section of the rear floor longitudinal beam 103 and the rear support plate 11;
  • the setting of the fixing part 163 can be completed by means of fitting holes and screws to fasten and install the spare tire compartment 16 .
  • the spare tire compartment 16 preferably adopts an integral injection-molded plastic part, which has the advantages of mature technology and easy processing and molding.
  • the following schemes can be adopted.
  • a downwardly convex reinforcement structure 164 is formed on the bottom end surface of the spare tire compartment body 160 , and the reinforcement structure 164 can be designed as a rib structure distributed in a honeycomb shape.
  • protruding reinforcing ribs 165 can also be arranged, and the reinforcing ribs 165 are arranged as a plurality of spaced apart along the circumferential direction of the spare tire compartment body 160 .
  • a downwardly protruding annular rib 166 is formed on the bottom end surface of the spare tire compartment body 160 , and the above-mentioned reinforcing structure 164 is located inside the annular rib 166 ; and the reinforcing structure 164 is connected to the inner wall of the annular rib 166 .
  • the bottom end of the reinforcing rib 165 extends to the bottom end surface of the spare tire well body 160 and is connected with the outer wall of the annular rib 166 .
  • the overall strength of the spare tire compartment 16 can be greatly improved through the cooperative arrangement of the reinforcing structure 164 , the reinforcing rib 165 and the annular rib 166 , which is conducive to improving the bearing capacity of the spare tire compartment 16 .
  • a rear floor cover plate 17 can be added in the area between the rear floor middle beam 2 and the rear floor rear beam 6 to isolate the driver's compartment from the outside.
  • the rear floor cover 17 can be a sheet metal part or an injection molded part, and a raised reinforcing structure 170 of different patterns can be formed thereon.
  • a storage box 18 can be arranged there, and the storage box 18 is fixed on the rear floor longitudinal beam rear section 103 and the rear wheel by riveting, screwing, etc. cover 3.
  • the overall shape of the space is relatively square, which is convenient for storing small-sized sundries.
  • the storage board 15 and the integrally formed rear floor are connected as a whole through the connecting plate 14, and a ring-shaped reinforcement structure is formed in the height direction of the vehicle body, which can improve the storage space at the rear of the vehicle.
  • the load-bearing performance of the object board 15; the spare tire compartment 16 is installed in the space enclosed by the rear floor and the rear floor stringer rear section 103 and the rear support plate 11, so that the spare tire compartment 16 has a stable load-bearing foundation; at the same time, by placing the vehicle body Multiple beam structures in the frame are integrally formed on the rear floor, which improves the structural compactness and assembly efficiency of the body frame, thereby improving the overall arrangement of the vehicle body frame, the storage board 15 and the spare tire compartment 16 .
  • the rear floor longitudinal beam 1 and the rear floor force transmission beam 4 on each side form a "herringbone" shape due to the connection of the crossbeam 2 in the rear floor Power transmission channel.
  • the rear floor middle beam 2 in this embodiment can also form an auxiliary force transmission channel between the rear floor longitudinal beams 1 on both sides, further enhancing the force transmission and decomposition effect of the rear floor structure.
  • the front end of the rear floor of this embodiment is also formed with a rear floor connecting beam 5 , and the rear floor connecting beam 5 is connected between the rear floor longitudinal beams 1 on both sides, and the front end of each rear floor force transmission beam 4 is connected with the rear floor connecting beam 5 .
  • a rear floor rear beam 6 is formed close to the rear end of the rear floor, and the rear floor rear beam 6 is connected to the rear floor longitudinal beams 1 on both sides. between.
  • the back floor rear beam 6 can form another power transmission channel between the rear floor longitudinal beams 1 on both sides during the stress process of the rear floor structure of the present embodiment, and is connected with the rear floor middle beam 2 and the two sides.
  • the force transmission channels formed between the rear floor longitudinal beams 1 cooperate to improve the force transmission and decomposition effect of the rear floor structure and reduce the risk of bending of the rear floor structure.
  • the rear floor structure of this embodiment can not only disperse and transmit the force by forming a "herringbone"-shaped force transmission channel, but also can separate the rear crossbeam 2 and the rear floor rear crossbeam 6 in the rear floor.
  • the formed auxiliary force transmission channel is used to disperse and transmit the force again, so that the force transmission and decomposition effect of the entire rear floor structure can be effectively improved.
  • the above-mentioned rear wheel house 3 can be die-cast together with the rear floor longitudinal beam 1, or the rear wheel house 3 can also be formed separately and then connected to the rear floor longitudinal beam 1, And it is still preferable to adopt the method of die-casting integrally with the rear floor stringer 1 .
  • rear spring mounts 101 are respectively formed on the rear floor longitudinal beams 1 on both sides
  • rear shock absorber mounts 301 are respectively formed on the rear wheel housings 3 on both sides.
  • the specific structural design of the rear spring mounting seat 101 and the rear shock absorber mounting seat 301 can refer to the relevant structural parts of the lower vehicle body rear structure in the prior art, and in the specific structural design, it is necessary to ensure that it is consistent with the configured The installation position of the rear shock absorber spring and the rear shock absorber is suitable.
  • rear suspension installation points 102 are respectively provided on the rear floor longitudinal beams 1 on both sides for installing the rear suspension, and the rear suspension installation points 102 on the rear floor longitudinal beams 1 on each side 102 are two arranged at intervals.
  • the position arrangement of the two rear suspension mounting points 102 can be adjusted and set accordingly according to the actual installation requirements or vehicle body design requirements. It is only necessary to ensure that the assembly of the corresponding suspension components is convenient.
  • the two The rear suspension mounting points 102 are respectively arranged at positions close to the upper and lower ends of the rear wheel house 3 .
  • At least one of the rear floor longitudinal beam 1, the rear floor middle beam 2, the rear wheel housing 3, the rear floor force transmission beam 4, the rear floor connecting beam 5 and the rear floor rear beam 6 is formed with a reinforcing rib 7.
  • rear floor longitudinal beam 1, rear floor middle beam 2, rear wheel house 3, rear floor force transmission beam 4, rear floor connecting beam 5 and rear floor rear crossbeam 6 are all provided with reinforcement Schematic representation of tendon 7.
  • the above-mentioned reinforcing ribs 7 can be designed according to the rigidity requirements of the corresponding parts in the rear floor structure.
  • the middle beam 2 of the rear floor as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 has a plurality of reinforcing ribs 7 arranged on both sides thereof.
  • the rigidity reinforcement effect of the rib 7 can be improved by increasing the wall thickness, and the reinforcement effect of the rear floor structure can also be improved by increasing the rib 7 or improving the structural design of the rib 7.
  • the rear floor in this embodiment is formed by integral die-casting of cast aluminum.
  • the rear floor structure made of cast aluminum can reduce the weight by about 20%.
  • the rear structure of the lower vehicle body described in this embodiment is provided by integral die-casting of the rear floor to effectively improve the structural rigidity of the rear structure of the lower vehicle body.
  • the floor longitudinal beam 1 and the rear floor middle beam 2 cooperate to form a "herringbone"-shaped force transmission channel, and then the force on the rear floor longitudinal beam 1 can be effectively transmitted and decomposed, thereby effectively reducing the occurrence of bending in the event of a collision. risk of discounting.
  • the rear floor is made of aluminum integral die-casting.
  • the connection method is simple, the number of parts is small, the dimensional accuracy is high, and it is easy to process and manufacture, and it is beneficial to realize the lightweight of the overall structure.
  • the front floor reinforcing longitudinal beam 9 forms a longitudinal force transmission structure that runs through the middle of the vehicle, and in actual implementation, the front floor rear crossbeam structure between the rear floor connecting beam 5 in the rear floor and the rear ends of the sill beams 8 on both sides At this time, due to the connection, a force transmission connection is formed between the rear floor longitudinal beam 1 and the threshold beam 8 on each side, and each rear floor force transmission beam 4 and the corresponding front floor reinforcement longitudinal beam 9 are also connected. Form a force connection.
  • the collision force is transmitted forward along the rear floor longitudinal beam 1, and then the rear floor longitudinal beam 1 on each side and the adjacent rear
  • the "herringbone"-shaped force transmission channel formed by the floor force transmission beam 4 further divides the collision force into two parts, one part is transmitted to the corresponding side sill beam 8 through the rear floor longitudinal beam 1, and the other part is transmitted through the rear floor
  • the force beam 4 is transferred to the corresponding front floor reinforcement stringer 9 .
  • the structural rigidity of the rear floor structure can be effectively improved, and the force transmission path of the vehicle body structure can be optimized, thus the structural rigidity of the overall vehicle body structure can be effectively improved. Improve the force transmission and decomposition effect of the body structure, and can effectively improve the safety of the car.
  • this embodiment also relates to a motor vehicle, the body of which is provided with an underbody rear structure as described above.

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Abstract

一种下车身后部结构及汽车，下车身后部结构包括一体压铸成型的后地板、与后地板固连设置的后地板纵梁后段(103)、以及搁物板(15)和备胎舱(16)。后地板上成型有分设于两侧的后地板纵梁(1)、连接在后地板纵梁(1)之间的后地板中横梁(2)和后地板后横梁(6)，且后地板两侧分别设有与后地板纵梁(1)相连的后轮罩(3)。搁物板(15)位于后地板的上方，其两端通过连接板(14)与后轮罩(3)相连；后地板、搁物板(15)以及两连接板(14)因连接而形成环形结构。后地板纵梁后段(103)为与两侧后地板纵梁(1)的后端连接的两根，在两后地板纵梁后段(103)的后端之间连接有后支撑板(11)，备胎舱(16)设置在后地板、后支撑板(11)以及两侧后地板纵梁后段(103)围构形成的安装空间内。本公开的下车身后部结构，有利于车辆后部车身骨架以及搁物板和备胎舱的总体布置结构的改善。

Description

下车身后部结构及汽车
本公开要求在2021年8月13日提交中国专利局、申请号为202110931743.0、专利申请名称为“下车身后部结构”的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本公开中。
技术领域
本公开涉及汽车车身技术领域，特别涉及一种下车身后部结构。同时，本公开也涉及设有上述下车身后部结构的汽车。
背景技术
汽车后地板的结构设计对车身传力及安全碰撞性能有着至关重要的作用，而高性能的汽车后地板传力结构可明显提升乘驾舒适度，并提高驾驶安全系数。
目前，常规的汽车后地板主要由后地板面板、后地板中横梁、前地板后横梁及后地板纵梁等多个钣金构成，其结构设计在实际应用中存在以下不足：
1、汽车后地板部位主要依靠后地板纵梁总成与前地板门槛梁进行前后传力，传力路径单一，当车辆发生后碰时，后地板纵梁总成和前地板门槛梁受力较大，很容易导致后地板纵梁与前地板门槛的搭接区域出现严重弯折现象，进而对乘驾人员产生严重的安全威胁；
2、传统汽车后地板在制作过程中，一般为通过点焊工艺将多个钣金零件而焊接成一个总成零件，使得后地板整体刚度因受焊点连接性能的影响，而存 在局部结构连接缺陷的问题，导致整体结构的结构强度不足，以致使在受到碰撞时后地板结构发生弯折的风险较高。
此外，当发生车辆后部的碰撞时，同样存在冲击力路径单一、且缓冲效果较差的问题。同时，位于车身后部的搁物板和备胎舱一般自身强度较差，其只是通过简单的卡装或者螺钉安装在车身两侧的钣金件上，承载能力较弱，当在其上放置重物时，容易发生破损或掉落的情况。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本公开旨在提出一种下车身后部结构，以改善车辆后部车身骨架以及搁物板和备胎舱的总体布置结构。
为达到上述目的，本公开的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种下车身后部结构，包括一体压铸成型的后地板，与所述后地板固连设置的后地板纵梁后段，以及搁物板和备胎舱；
所述后地板上成型有分设于两侧的后地板纵梁，以及连接于两侧的所述后地板纵梁之间的后地板中横梁和后地板后横梁，且所述后地板的两侧分别设有与相应侧的所述后地板纵梁相连的后轮罩；
所述搁物板位于所述后地板的上方，所述搁物板的两端与两侧的所述后轮罩一一对应布置，并均通过连接板相连，且所述后地板、所述搁物板以及两个所述连接板因连接而形成沿车身高度方向设置的环形结构；
所述后地板纵梁后段为分别与两侧所述后地板纵梁的后端连接的两根，在两根所述后地板纵梁后段的后端之间连接有后支撑板，所述备胎舱设置在所述后地板、所述后支撑板以及两侧的所述后地板纵梁后段围构形成的安装空间内。
进一步的，两侧所述后地板纵梁的内侧均成型有后地板传力梁；各所述后地板传力梁的后端与所述后地板中横梁相连；每侧的所述后地板纵梁和所述后地板传力梁因所述后地板中横梁的连接，而形成类“人”字型的传力通道。
进一步的，所述后地板的前端成型有后地板连接梁；所述后地板连接梁连接在两侧的所述后地板纵梁之间；各所述后地板传力梁的前端与所述后地板连接梁相连。
进一步的，所述后地板纵梁、所述后地板中横梁、所述后轮罩、所述后地板传力梁、所述后地板连接梁和所述后地板后横梁至少其一处成型有加强筋。
进一步的，两侧的所述后地板纵梁上分别成型有后弹簧安装座。
进一步的，两侧的所述后轮罩上分别成型有后减震器安装座。
进一步的，所述后地板纵梁后段一体挤出成型；所述后地板纵梁后段的横截面呈日字型；所述后地板纵梁后段的侧部成型有外伸的搭接板。
进一步的，所述后地板纵梁的后端形成有插接槽；各所述后地板纵梁后段与对应的所述后地板纵梁插接后固连于一起。
进一步的，所述搁物板包括上板，以及扣合固连在所述上板底部的下板；所述上板具有多个弯折部而类似于阶梯状；所述下板和所述上板之间围构形成有空腔。
进一步的，所述后轮罩的顶部成型有连接座；所述连接板与所述后轮罩相连的一端连接在所述连接座上；所述连接板与所述搁物板相连的一端连接于所述下板的底部。
进一步的，所述备胎舱包括形成有顶部敞口的容纳腔的备胎舱本体；所述备胎舱本体的顶部形成有外翻的翻边，所述翻边上设有用于将所述备胎舱本体固定在所述安装空间中的固定部；所述备胎舱本体的底部端面上形成有下凸的 加强结构，且所述加强结构呈蜂窝状。
进一步的，所述备胎舱本体的外侧壁上形成有外凸的加强肋；所述加强肋为沿所述备胎舱本体的周向间隔分布的多条。
进一步的，所述备胎舱本体的底部端面上形成有下凸的环形筋；所述加强结构位于所述环形筋内部，并与所述环形筋的内壁相连；所述加强肋的底端延展至所述备胎舱本体的底部端面上，且与所述环形筋的外壁相连。
进一步的，所述后地板采用铸铝一体压铸成型；所述搁物板采用铝合金一体挤出成型；所述备胎舱一体注塑成型。
相对于现有技术，本公开具有以下优势：
本公开所述的下车身后部结构，通过连接板将搁物板和一体成型的后地板连接为一体，在车身高度方向上形成环形的加强结构，可改善位于车辆后部的搁物板的承载性能；在后地板及后地板纵梁后段和后支撑板围构的空间内安装备胎舱，使备胎舱具有稳固的承载基础；同时，通过将车身骨架中的多个梁体结构一体成型在后地板上，提高了车身骨架的结构紧凑度和装配效率，从而使车辆后部车身骨架以及搁物板和备胎舱的总体布置结构得以改善。
此外，在备胎舱本体的顶部设置翻边，可方便的将搭接板搭设在由后地板、后地板纵梁后段和后支撑板围构的框架上；通过翻边上固定部的设置，可采用安装孔配合螺钉等方式完成对备胎舱的紧固安装。而备胎舱本体上加强结构、加强肋和环形筋的配合加强结构，可以大大提升备胎舱的整体强度，利于提高备胎舱的承载性能。备胎舱采用注塑成型工艺制作，具有工艺成熟、便于加工成型的优点。
本公开的另一目的在于提出一种汽车，所述汽车的车身设有如上所述的下车身后部结构。
本公开的汽车相对于现有技术所具有的有益效果和上述下车身后部结构相同，在此不再赘述。
附图说明
构成本公开的一部分的附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。在附图中：
图1为本公开实施例所述的下车身后部结构的立体结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例所述的下车身后部结构在去除搁物板和备胎舱后的结构示意图；
图3为本公开实施例所述的备胎舱的整体结构示意图；
图4为本公开实施例所述的下车身后部结构的另一视角下整体结构示意图；
图5为本公开实施例所述的下车身后部结构在去除后地板纵梁后段后的结构示意图；
图6为图5所述结构另一视角下的结构示意图；
图7为图6中A部分的局部放大图；
图8为本公开实施例所述的车身中的部分结构示意图；
图9为本公开实施例所述的车身受到碰撞时的力的传递路径示意图；
附图标记说明：
1、后地板纵梁；101、后弹簧安装座；102、后悬架安装点；103、后地板纵梁后段；
2、后地板中横梁；3、后轮罩；301、后减震器安装座；
4、后地板传力梁；5、后地板连接梁；6、后地板后横梁；7、加强筋；8、门槛梁；9、前地板加强纵梁；10、搭接板；11、后支撑板；12、插接槽；13、连接座；14、连接板；
15、搁物板；150、弯折部；151、上板；152、下板；153、空腔；
16、备胎舱；160、备胎舱本体；161、容纳腔；162、翻边；163、固定部；164、加强结构；165、加强肋；166、环形筋；
17、后地板盖板；170、增强结构；18、储物盒。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本公开中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，若出现“上”、“下”、“内”、“外”等指示方位或位置关系的术语，其为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。另外，若出现“第一”、“第二”等术语，其也仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，在本公开的描述中，除非另有明确的限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”“连接件”应做广义理解。例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以结合具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本公开。
本实施例涉及一种下车身后部结构，可使车辆后部车身骨架以及搁物板15和备胎舱16的总体布置结构得到改善。
总体来说，该下车身后部结构包括一体压铸成型的后地板、与后地板固连设置的后地板纵梁后段103、以及搁物板15和备胎舱16。
其中，后地板上成型有分设于两侧的后地板纵梁1，以及连接于两侧的后地板纵梁1之间的后地板中横梁2和后地板后横梁6，且在后地板的两侧也分别设有与相应侧的后地板纵梁1相连的后轮罩3。
搁物板15位于后地板的上方，搁物板15的两端与两侧的后轮罩3一一对应布置，并均通过连接板14相连；此刻，后地板、搁物板15以及两个连接板14因连接而形成沿车身高度方向设置的环形结构。
后地板纵梁后段103为分别与两侧后地板纵梁1的后端连接的两根，在两根后地板纵梁后段103的后端之间连接有后支撑板11，备胎舱16设置在后地板、后支撑板11以及两侧的后地板纵梁后段103围构形成的安装空间内。
基于上述的设计思想，本实施例的下车身后部结构的一种示例性结构如图1和图2所示，正如以上所述的，其主要包括一体压铸成型的后地板、与后地板固连设置的后地板纵梁后段103、以及搁物板15和备胎舱16。
在后地板上，成型有分设于两侧的后地板纵梁1，以及连接在两侧的后地板纵梁1之间的后地板中横梁2。其中，两侧后地板纵梁1的内侧均成型有后地板传力梁4，各个后地板传力梁4的后端与后地板中横梁2相连。另外，在后地板纵梁1的两侧分别设置有与相应侧的后地板纵梁1相连的后轮罩3。
在此基础上，搁物板15位于后地板的上方，搁物板15的两端与两侧的后轮罩3一一对应布置，并均通过连接板14相连。此刻，后地板、搁物板15以及两个连接板14因连接而形成沿车身高度方向设置的环形结构。
通过连接板14将搁物板15和一体成型的后地板连接为一体，在车身高度方向上形成环形的加强结构，搁物板15位于该环形结构的上部，使搁物板15和车身的基础骨架连接更为紧密，有助于改善位于车辆后部的搁物板15的承载性能。
上述的搁物板15优选采用铝合金一体挤出成型，其可采用板状结构，一种优选的结构形式可采用如下设置。搁物板15包括具有多个弯折部150而类似于阶梯状的上板151，以及扣合固连在上板151底部的下板152。扣合在一起的下板152和上板151之间围构形成有空腔153。
采用一体挤压的结构制作搁物板15，便于加工构造，且具有轻量化的优点。通过设置弯折部150形成空腔153，有助于搁物板15整体立体强度的增强。
为了便于安装搁物板15，可在后轮罩3的顶部成型出连接座13，两个连接板14分别采用铆接或者螺接等方式固装在两侧的后轮罩3的连接座13处，两个连接板14的另一端分别与搁物板15的两端螺接或者铆接固连。
在上述后地板的结构基础上，两侧后地板纵梁1的后端也分别连接有后地板纵梁后段103，且各后地板纵梁后段103与对应的后地板纵梁1插接后固连于一起。两根后地板纵梁后段103优选采用铝合金一体挤出成型。
如图3和图4所示，上述的后地板纵梁后段103优选采用横截面呈日字形的结构。后地板纵梁后段103的横截面采用日字形结构，不仅便于加工成型，且有利于提高后地板纵梁后段103本身的整体强度。
并且，在后地板纵梁后段103的侧部成型有外伸的搭接板10；还可在两个后地板纵梁后段103的后端之间连接设置一个后支撑板11。在后地板纵梁后段103侧部加设翻边的搭接板10结构，便于后地板纵梁后段103和后地板 纵梁1的连接配合，有利于改善后地板纵梁后段103与后地板纵梁1之间的连接导向性。
对于后地板纵梁1和后地板纵梁后段103的具体连接方式，在插装的基础上，可以配合焊接、螺接等形式紧固。本实施例中，后地板纵梁1的后端形成有插接槽12，后地板纵梁后段103的前端插入插接槽12内；同时，在后地板纵梁后段103和后地板纵梁1之间采用铆接件将两者紧固连接在一起。在后地板纵梁1后端设置插接槽12，采用插装方式并结合铆接结构将后地板纵梁后段103固定在后地板纵梁1上，不仅具有一定的连接牢固性，且在车辆后部遭受大力碰撞时，铆接件断裂后后地板纵梁后段103可向着后地板纵梁1的插接槽12内插入，达到进一步缓冲吸能的效果。
本实施例所述的下车身后部结构，通过为后地板纵梁1匹配设置后地板中横梁2和后地板传力梁4，丰富了车辆后端的受力传递路径及其整体结构强度；同时，插装设置在后地板纵梁1后端的后地板纵梁后段103可以因其自身向着后地板纵梁1方向的陷入和形变溃缩，起到一定的缓冲吸能作用，以利于改善车辆后部的碰撞防护性能。
因为后地板纵梁后段103为分别与两侧后地板纵梁1的后端连接的两根，且两根后地板纵梁后段103的后端之间连接有后支撑板11；这样，在后地板、后支撑板11以及两侧的后地板纵梁后段103围构形成有安装空间，上述的备胎舱16设置即设置在该安装空间内。
仍如图1并结合图3所示，备胎舱16包括形成有顶部敞口的容纳腔161的备胎舱本体160。在备胎舱本体160的顶部四周形成有外翻的翻边162，翻边162上设有用于将备胎舱本体160固定在安装空间中的固定部163。该固定部163可以是开设在翻边162上的安装孔。在备胎舱本体160的顶部设置翻边 162，可方便的将搭接板10搭设在由后地板、后地板纵梁后段103和后支撑板11围构的框架上；通过翻边162上固定部163的设置，可采用安装孔配合螺钉等方式完成对备胎舱16的紧固安装。
备胎舱16优选采用一体注塑成型的塑料件，具有工艺成熟、便于加工成型的优点。对于备胎舱本体160上的具体结构，可采用如下的方案。
备胎舱本体160的底部端面上形成有下凸的加强结构164，该加强结构164可以设计为呈蜂窝状分布的凸筋结构。在备胎舱本体160的外侧壁上还可设置外凸的加强肋165，并且，将加强肋165布置为沿备胎舱本体160的周向间隔分布的多条。
同时，在本实施例中，备胎舱本体160的底部端面上形成有下凸的环形筋166，上述的加强结构164位于环形筋166的内部；并且加强结构164与环形筋166的内壁相连。加强肋165的底端则延展至备胎舱本体160的底部端面上，且与环形筋166的外壁相连。通过加强结构164、加强肋165和环形筋166等加强结构的配合设置，可以大大提升备胎舱16的整体强度，利于提高备胎舱16的承载性能。
此外，在以后地板为基础形成的骨架上，后地板中横梁2和后地板后横梁6之间的区域可加设后地板盖板17，以将驾乘舱与外部隔离。后地板盖板17可采用钣金件或者注塑件，并可在其上构造成型出不同图案的凸起状的增强结构170。
为了充分利用位于后地板纵梁后段103外侧的空间，可在该处设置储物盒18，将该储物盒18通过铆接、螺接等方式固定在后地板纵梁后段103和后轮罩3上。该空间总体形状较为方正，便于存放小尺寸的杂物。
本实施例所述的下车身后部结构，通过连接板14将搁物板15和一体成型 的后地板连接为一体，在车身高度方向上形成环形的加强结构，可改善位于车辆后部的搁物板15的承载性能；在后地板及后地板纵梁后段103和后支撑板11围构的空间内安装备胎舱16，使备胎舱16具有稳固的承载基础；同时，通过将车身骨架中的多个梁体结构一体成型在后地板上，提高了车身骨架的结构紧凑度和装配效率，从而使车辆后部车身骨架以及搁物板15和备胎舱16的总体布置结构得以改善。
在后地板的主体结构上，如图4和图5所示，每侧的后地板纵梁1和后地板传力梁4因后地板中横梁2的连接，而形成类“人”字型的传力通道。
需要说明的是，本实施例中的类“人”字型，也即如图4中所示出的那样，每侧的通过后地板中横梁2相连的后地板纵梁1与后地板传力梁4在整体视觉上类似于一“人”字型结构。
此外，本实施例中的后地板中横梁2，其也能够在两侧的后地板纵梁1之间形成一个辅助传力通道，进一步增强该后地板结构的力的传递及分解效果。基于以上的整体介绍，对于本实施例的下车身后部结构，作为一种优选的实施形式，如图4至图6所示，本实施例的后地板的前端也成型有后地板连接梁5，而后地板连接梁5连接在两侧的后地板纵梁1之间，且各后地板传力梁4的前端与后地板连接梁5相连。
作为优选的，仍如图4至图6所示，本实施例中，靠近于后地板的后端成型有后地板后横梁6，且后地板后横梁6连接在两侧的后地板纵梁1之间。该后地板后横梁6可在本实施例后地板结构的受力过程中，于两侧的后地板纵梁1之间形成另一个力的传递通道，并与后地板中横梁2和两侧的后地板纵梁1之间所形成的力的传递通道相配合，进而提高该后地板结构的力的传递及分解效果，降低后地板结构弯折的风险。
也即在受到碰撞时，本实施例的后地板结构不仅可通过形成类“人”字型的传力通道而进行力的分散传递，还可在后地板中横梁2和后地板后横梁6分别形成的辅助传力通道而进行力的再次分散传递，如此，可有效提高后地板结构整体的力的传递及分解效果。
本实施例中，需要说明的是，上述的后轮罩3可与后地板纵梁1等一起压铸成型，或者，后轮罩3也可以单独成型，并再连接至后地板纵梁1上，且优选的仍为采用和后地板纵梁1一体压铸成型的方式。
结合图4及图6所示，在两侧的后地板纵梁1上也分别成型有后弹簧安装座101，而在两侧的后轮罩3上分别成型有后减震器安装座301。该后弹簧安装座101和后减震器安装座301的具体结构设计可参照现有技术中的下车身后部结构的相关结构部分即可，且在具体结构设计中，需确保与所配置的后减震弹簧和后减震器的安装部位相适配。
本实施例具体实施时，在两侧的后地板纵梁1上分别设有后悬架安装点102，以用于安装后悬架，且各侧后地板纵梁1上的后悬架安装点102为间隔布置的两个。当然，两后悬架安装点102的位置布置可根据实际安装需求或车身设计需求进行相应的调整与设定，只需确保便于相应的悬置构件的装配即可，如图6所示，两后悬架安装点102分别设置在临近后轮罩3上下两端的位置。
此外，本实施例中的后地板纵梁1、后地板中横梁2、后轮罩3、后地板传力梁4、后地板连接梁5和后地板后横梁6至少其一处成型有加强筋7，以提高后地板结构的局部刚度。而在图4至图7中示出了后地板纵梁1、后地板中横梁2、后轮罩3、后地板传力梁4、后地板连接梁5和后地板后横梁6均设置有加强筋7的示意。
值得提及的是，上述的加强筋7可根据后地板结构中相应部位的刚度需求而进行适配的布置位置设计及结构设计。在布置位置设计时，例如图5及图6所示的后地板中横梁2，其两侧布置有多个加强筋7。而在结构设计时，例如可通过增加壁厚来提高加强筋7的刚度加强效果，也可通过增加加强筋7或改进加强筋7的结构设计，来提高对后地板结构的加强效果。
另外，为提高整车轻量化，本实施例中的后地板采用铸铝一体压铸成型，相比于传统钣金的后地板结构，铸铝材料的后地板结构能够减重约20％左右。本实施例所述的下车身后部结构，通过将后地板一体压铸成型设置，以可有效提高该下车身后部结构的结构刚度，同时，通过设置后地板传力梁4，还可与后地板纵梁1和后地板中横梁2配合而形成类“人”字型的传力通道，进而可将后地板纵梁1上的受力进行有效传递及分解，从而有效降低受到碰撞时发生弯折的风险。
此外，后地板采用铝材一体压铸成型设置，连接方式简单、零件个数少、尺寸精度高及便于加工制造，且有利于实现整体结构的轻量化。
当将上述的下车身后部结构运用于汽车中时，如图8中所示的，在本实施例的汽车在车身中，于两侧的门槛梁8之间设置有前地板加强纵梁9，且前地板加强纵梁9为与各后地板传力梁4一一对应布置的多个。
其中，前地板加强纵梁9形成贯通整车中部的纵向传力结构，并且在具体实施时，后地板中的后地板连接梁5与两侧门槛梁8后端之间的前地板后横梁结构搭接相连，此时，因该连接，每侧的后地板纵梁1和门槛梁8之间即形成传力连接，各后地板传力梁4和相应的前地板加强纵梁9之间也形成传力连接。
由此，当汽车在受到后碰时，其车身受力过程可参照图9所示，碰撞力沿后地板纵梁1向前传递，然后由每侧的后地板纵梁1与相邻的后地板传力梁4 所形成的类“人”字型传力通道，进一步将碰撞力力分成两部分，其中一部分经由后地板纵梁1传递至相应侧的门槛梁8，另一部分则经由后地板传力梁4传递至对应的前地板加强纵梁9上。
此外，由于后地板中横梁2和后地板后横梁6均与两侧的后地板纵梁1相连，而也形成有两个辅助传力通道，因而一部分碰撞力也会经由这两个辅助传力通道进行传递分解。
由此可见，汽车中通过采用本实施例的下车身后部结构，可有效提高后地板结构的结构刚度，并优化车身结构的传力路径，由此可有效提高汽车整体车身结构的结构刚度，提高车身结构的力的传递及分解效果，而能够有效提高汽车的安全性。
最后，本实施例也涉及一种汽车，所述汽车的车身设有如上所述的下车身后部结构。
以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    包括一体压铸成型的后地板，与所述后地板固连设置的后地板纵梁后段(103)，以及搁物板(15)和备胎舱(16)；
    所述后地板上成型有分设于两侧的后地板纵梁(1)，以及连接于两侧的所述后地板纵梁(1)之间的后地板中横梁(2)和后地板后横梁(6)，且所述后地板的两侧设有分别与相应侧的所述后地板纵梁(1)相连的后轮罩(3)；
    所述搁物板(15)位于所述后地板的上方，所述搁物板(15)的两端与两侧的所述后轮罩(3)一一对应布置，并均通过连接板(14)相连，且所述后地板、所述搁物板(15)以及两个所述连接板(14)因连接而形成沿车身高度方向设置的环形结构；
    所述后地板纵梁后段(103)为分别与两侧所述后地板纵梁(1)的后端连接的两根，在两根所述后地板纵梁后段(103)的后端之间连接有后支撑板(11)，所述备胎舱(16)设置在所述后地板、所述后支撑板(11)以及两侧的所述后地板纵梁后段(103)围构形成的安装空间内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    两侧所述后地板纵梁(1)的内侧均成型有后地板传力梁(4)；
    各所述后地板传力梁(4)的后端与所述后地板中横梁(2)相连；
    每侧的所述后地板纵梁(1)和所述后地板传力梁(4)因所述后地板中横梁(2)的连接，而形成类“人”字型的传力通道。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    所述后地板的前端成型有后地板连接梁(5)；
    所述后地板连接梁(5)连接在两侧的所述后地板纵梁(1)之间；
    各所述后地板传力梁(4)的前端与所述后地板连接梁(5)相连。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    所述后地板纵梁(1)、所述后地板中横梁(2)、所述后轮罩(3)、所述后地板传力梁(4)、所述后地板连接梁(5)和所述后地板后横梁(6)至少其一处成型有加强筋(7)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    两侧的所述后地板纵梁(1)上分别成型有后弹簧安装座(101)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    两侧的所述后轮罩(3)上分别成型有后减震器安装座(301)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    所述后地板纵梁后段(103)一体挤出成型；
    所述后地板纵梁后段(103)的横截面呈日字型；
    所述后地板纵梁后段(103)的侧部成型有外伸的搭接板(10)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    所述后地板纵梁(1)的后端形成有插接槽(12)；
    各所述后地板纵梁后段(103)与对应的所述后地板纵梁(1)插接后固连于一起。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    所述搁物板(15)包括上板(151)，以及扣合固连在所述上板(151)底部的下板(152)；
    所述上板(151)具有多个弯折部(150)而类似于阶梯状；
    所述下板(152)和所述上板(151)之间围构形成有空腔(153)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    所述后轮罩(3)的顶部成型有连接座(13)；
    所述连接板(14)与所述后轮罩(3)相连的一端连接在所述连接座(13)上；
    所述连接板(14)与所述搁物板(15)相连的一端连接于所述下板(152)的底部。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    所述备胎舱(16)包括形成有顶部敞口的容纳腔(161)的备胎舱本体(160)；
    所述备胎舱本体(160)的顶部形成有外翻的翻边(162)，所述翻边(162)上设有用于将所述备胎舱本体(160)固定在所述安装空间中的固定部(163)；
    所述备胎舱本体(160)的底部端面上形成有下凸的加强结构(164)，且所述加强结构(164)呈蜂窝状。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    所述备胎舱本体(160)的外侧壁上形成有外凸的加强肋(165)；
    所述加强肋(165)为沿所述备胎舱本体(160)的周向间隔分布的多条。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    所述备胎舱本体(160)的底部端面上形成有下凸的环形筋(166)；
    所述加强结构(164)位于所述环形筋(166)内部，并与所述环形筋(166)的内壁相连；
    所述加强肋(165)的底端延展至所述备胎舱本体(160)的底部端面上，且与所述环形筋(166)的外壁相连。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的下车身后部结构，其特征在于：
    所述后地板采用铸铝一体压铸成型；
    所述搁物板(15)采用铝合金一体挤出成型；
    所述备胎舱(16)一体注塑成型。
  15. 一种汽车，其特征在于：所述汽车的车身设有权利要求1至14中任一项所述的下车身后部结构。
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