WO2023010641A1 - 一种铝合金缓冲的环保阻燃耐火电力电缆 - Google Patents

一种铝合金缓冲的环保阻燃耐火电力电缆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023010641A1
WO2023010641A1 PCT/CN2021/116447 CN2021116447W WO2023010641A1 WO 2023010641 A1 WO2023010641 A1 WO 2023010641A1 CN 2021116447 W CN2021116447 W CN 2021116447W WO 2023010641 A1 WO2023010641 A1 WO 2023010641A1
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parts
mass
aluminum alloy
cable
flame
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陆春良
王国权
王惠兵
冯成
席娇娜
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Jiangsu Hengtong Wire and Cable Technology Co Ltd
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Jiangsu Hengtong Wire and Cable Technology Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/04—Flexible cables, conductors, or cords, e.g. trailing cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/1875—Multi-layer sheaths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/18—Protection against damage caused by wear, mechanical force or pressure; Sheaths; Armouring
    • H01B7/20—Metal tubes, e.g. lead sheaths
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/292—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to heat
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/42—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction
    • H01B7/421—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for heat dissipation or conduction for heat dissipation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an aluminum alloy buffered environment-friendly flame-retardant fire-resistant power cable.
  • a cable generally refers to a wire that is made of one or more mutually insulated conductors and an outer insulating layer to transmit power or information from one place to another.
  • the most basic performance of the cable is that it can effectively transmit power, electromagnetic waves, light waves, etc., and has certain adaptability to the use environment.
  • the conductor in the cable should have good electrical conductivity
  • the optical fiber should conduct light waves well without too much loss
  • the cladding material should be made of It is required to have good electrical insulation properties, such as insulation resistance, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, breakdown voltage, etc.
  • Flame-retardant cable refers to the cable that the sample is burned under the specified test conditions. After the test fire source is removed, the spread of the flame is only within a limited range, and the residual flame or residual flame can extinguish itself within a limited time.
  • the fundamental characteristic is: it may be burned out in case of fire and cannot operate, but it can prevent the spread of fire. In layman's terms, in the event of a wire fire, it can limit the combustion to a local area without spreading, keep other various equipment, and avoid greater losses.
  • the sheath layer of flame-retardant cables generally has the following two characteristics: high heat dissipation and non-flammability.
  • the cable sheath is generally made of rubber material.
  • the rubber material has toughness and elasticity. , there will be no cracks on the side wall of the rubber, and it is an ideal material for the cable sheath.
  • Inorganic powder is added to the rubber material used in the cable sheath, and the flame retardancy of the cable sheath layer is improved through the incombustibility of the inorganic powder, which is advanced. The scientific significance not only improves the flame retardancy of the rubber cable sheath, but also reduces the amount of rubber and improves the wear resistance of the cable sheath.
  • the invention provides an aluminum alloy buffered environment-friendly flame-retardant and fire-resistant power cable.
  • the cable includes an outer protective layer, a flame-retardant layer, an aluminum alloy buffer layer, an inner protective layer and a conductor cable core in sequence from the outside to the inside, wherein the aluminum alloy buffer
  • the layer includes foamed aluminum alloy as the matrix and filling material filled in the foamed aluminum alloy; the invention adopts a multi-layer composite structure and modified protective layer components, which improves the bending resistance, impact resistance and flame retardancy of the cable , the aluminum alloy buffered environment-friendly, flame-retardant and fire-resistant power cable of the present invention not only has good shock resistance and buffer performance, but also can improve the flexibility of the cable and the bending performance of the cable, and the aluminum alloy buffer layer can be thermally expanded under high temperature conditions, thereby It further isolates the external heat from being transmitted to the battery core, and has good heat insulation and flame retardant effects, and the aluminum alloy buffered environmentally friendly flame retardant fire-resistant power cable
  • An aluminum alloy buffered environment-friendly flame-retardant and fire-resistant power cable sequentially includes an outer protective layer, a flame-retardant layer, an aluminum alloy buffer layer, an inner protective layer and a conductor cable core from outside to inside, wherein the aluminum alloy
  • the expansion ratio of the alloy buffer layer at high temperature is 3.5-4.2 times
  • the aluminum alloy buffer layer includes foamed aluminum alloy as a matrix and a filler material filled in the foamed aluminum alloy; wherein, the filler material consists of the following components by mass Composition: 24-32 parts of kaolin, 12-14 parts of diatomite, 18-20 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 6-8 parts of modified expandable graphite, 30-35 parts of pentaerythritol, 15-20 parts of melamine polyphosphate, melamine 15-20 parts, 6-10 parts of phenolic resin powder, 1-3 parts of guar gum;
  • the flame retardant layer is composed of the following components by mass: methyl vinyl silicone rubber with a number average molecular weight of 600,
  • the foamed aluminum alloy is an aluminum-titanium alloy with a porosity of 75-80%;
  • the aluminum alloy buffer layer is prepared by the following method: the filling material is dispersed in deionized water to obtain a filling slurry, and then the The foamed aluminum-titanium alloy is immersed in the slurry, taken out and dried to obtain the aluminum alloy buffer layer.
  • the outer protective layer is a mixture of polyvinyl chloride and 3-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]glutarimide, wherein The mass ratio of polyvinyl chloride to 3-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]glutarimide is 14-15:1.
  • the composite of polystyrene in the inner protective layer and modified silica particles wherein the average particle diameter of the modified silica particles is 300-400 microns, and the modified silica particles are prepared by the following method: Put 50 parts by mass of silica particles with a particle size of 300-400 microns into 100 parts by mass of NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.3 mol/L, stir at a constant temperature of 85°C for 4 hours, wash with deionized water and dry, then 10 parts by mass of Put 100 parts by mass of silica particles into a toluene solution containing 10 wt% silane coupling agent KH550, stir at 85°C for 4 hours, filter, and dry to obtain modified silica particles.
  • the modified expandable graphite is prepared by the following preparation method: 1), mix 5 parts by mass of potassium permanganate with 50 parts by mass of scaly natural graphite, add 100 parts by mass of nitric acid and phosphoric acid according to the mass ratio of 7 : 3 mixed acid solution, soaked for 2h, washed with deionized water, vacuum-dried at 300°C, and prepared expandable graphite; 2), 5 parts by mass of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, 2 Parts by mass of sodium bromide are added to 100 parts by mass of deionized water to obtain a modifier; 3), in parts by mass, 15 parts by mass of expandable graphite, 5 parts by mass of a modifier, and 4 parts by mass of 40wt% phosphoric acid are mixed, Ultrasonic mixing in a water bath at 50°C for 1 hour, washing with water, drying, and expanding with 1500KW/m2 microwave to obtain modified expanded graphite.
  • the filling material is composed of the following components by mass: 28 parts of kaolin, 13 parts of diatomite, 19 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 7 parts of modified expandable graphite, 32 parts of pentaerythritol, 18 parts of melamine polyphosphate, 18 parts of melamine, 8 parts of phenolic resin powder, and 2 parts of guar gum.
  • the flame retardant layer is composed of the following components by mass: 62 parts of methyl vinyl silicone rubber with a number average molecular weight of 700,000, 13 parts of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, polyphenylsulfone 111 parts of terephthalamide, 6 parts of polyether ether ketone, 5 parts of vinyl tris ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy) silane, 5 parts of vinyl triethoxy silane, 6 parts of sodium metaaluminate, mica 9 parts powder, 9 parts montmorillonite.
  • an aluminum alloy buffer layer is added to the cable, which together with the flame retardant layer constitutes a bending, flexural, impact and flame retardant composite layer of the cable.
  • the aluminum-titanium alloy has a good memory effect and is provided in the buffer layer.
  • the role of the matrix skeleton improves the bending resistance, bending resistance and impact resistance.
  • it can also conduct the heat generated inside the battery core to the outside in time to play a role in heat dissipation and prevent the battery core from causing local heat dissipation. Damaged, and after an external fire, the filler in the buffer layer can expand more than 3 times at high temperature, thereby effectively blocking the heat conduction of the buffer layer and playing the role of shielding the transfer of external heat to the battery core;
  • the modified silica material improves the dispersion and suspension of silica particles due to the polymer chain effect of the silica surface coupling agent, and the absolute value of the modified silica potential increases, increasing the The electrostatic repulsion between the particles further improves the dispersion and suspension of silica in the rubber solution, and the amino group (-NH2) of the silane coupling agent KH550 can bond with polystyrene, thus making the silica particles The combination is stronger.
  • the modified expanded graphite can partially catalyze the carbonization of pentaerythritol, improve the carbonization effect of pentaerythritol, and the modified expanded graphite can further improve the fire resistance of the layer.
  • the outer protective layer is 0.5mm
  • the flame retardant layer is 1mm
  • the aluminum alloy buffer layer is 1mm
  • the inner protective layer is 0.5mm
  • the conductor core diameter is 7.5mm.
  • the aluminum alloy buffer layer is prepared by the following method: dispersing the filling material in deionized water to obtain a filling slurry, then impregnating the foamed aluminum-titanium alloy in the slurry, taking it out and drying to obtain the aluminum alloy buffer layer.
  • the modified silica particles are prepared by the following method: put 50 parts by mass of silica particles with a particle size of 300-400 microns into 100 parts by mass of NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.3mol/L, and stir at a constant temperature of 85°C for 4h , washed with deionized water and dried, then put 10 parts by mass of silica particles into 100 parts by mass of toluene solution containing 10 wt% silane coupling agent KH550, stirred at 85°C for 4h, filtered, and dried to obtain modified silica particles.
  • Modified expandable graphite is prepared by the following preparation method: 1), take 5 parts by mass of potassium permanganate and mix with 50 parts by mass of flake-like natural graphite, add 100 parts by mass of nitric acid and phosphoric acid and mix according to the mass ratio of 7:3 The mixed acid solution was soaked for 2 hours, washed with deionized water, and vacuum-dried at 300°C to prepare expandable graphite; 2), 5 parts by mass of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, 2 parts by mass of sodium bromide Added to 100 parts by mass of deionized water to obtain a modifier; 3), in parts by mass, 15 parts by mass of expandable graphite, 5 parts by mass of a modifier, and 4 parts by mass of 40wt% phosphoric acid were mixed, and mixed in a water bath at 50°C Ultrasonic mixing for 1 hour, washing with water, drying, and expanding with 1500KW/m2 microwave to obtain modified expanded graphite.
  • the outer protective layer is a mixture of polyvinyl chloride and 3-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl] glutarimide, in which polyvinyl chloride and 3
  • the mass ratio of -[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]glutarimide was 14:1.
  • the flame retardant layer is composed of the following components by mass: 60 parts of methyl vinyl silicone rubber with a number average molecular weight of 600,000, 12 parts of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, 10 parts of polyphenylsulfone terephthalamide 5 parts, polyether ether ketone 5 parts, vinyl tris ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy) silane 5 parts, vinyl triethoxy silane 4 parts, sodium metaaluminate 5 parts, mica powder 8 parts, montmorillonite 8 parts of soil;
  • the foamed aluminum alloy is an aluminum-titanium alloy with a porosity of 75%;
  • the filling material is composed of the following components by mass: 24 parts of kaolin, 12 parts of diatomaceous earth, 18 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 6 parts of modified expandable graphite, 30 parts of pentaerythritol 15 parts of melamine polyphosphate, 15 parts of melamine, 6 parts of phenolic resin powder, 1 part of guar gum;
  • the inner protective layer is a composite of polystyrene and modified silicon dioxide particles, the mass ratio of polystyrene and modified silicon dioxide particles is 10:1, and the average particle size of the modified silicon dioxide particles is 300 microns.
  • the outer protective layer is a mixture of polyvinyl chloride and 3-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl] glutarimide, in which polyvinyl chloride and 3
  • the mass ratio of -[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]glutarimide was 15:1.
  • the flame retardant layer is composed of the following components by mass: 65 parts of methyl vinyl silicone rubber with a number average molecular weight of 800,000, 14 parts of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, 12 parts of polyphenylsulfone terephthalamide 8 parts of polyether ether ketone, 6 parts of vinyl tris ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy) silane, 5 parts of vinyl triethoxy silane, 8 parts of sodium metaaluminate, 10 parts of mica powder, montmorillonite 10 parts of soil;
  • the foamed aluminum alloy is an aluminum-titanium alloy with a porosity of 80%;
  • the filling material is composed of the following components by mass: 32 parts of kaolin, 14 parts of diatomaceous earth, 20 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 8 parts of modified expandable graphite, and 35 parts of pentaerythritol 20 parts of melamine polyphosphate, 20 parts of melamine, 10 parts of phenolic resin powder, 3 parts of guar gum;
  • the inner protective layer is a composite of polystyrene and modified silicon dioxide particles, the mass ratio of polystyrene and modified silicon dioxide particles is 10:1, and the average particle size of the modified silicon dioxide particles is 400 microns.
  • the outer protective layer is a mixture of polyvinyl chloride and 3-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl] glutarimide, in which polyvinyl chloride and 3
  • the mass ratio of -[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]glutarimide was 14:1.
  • the flame retardant layer is composed of the following components by mass: 62 parts of methyl vinyl silicone rubber with a number average molecular weight of 700,000, 13 parts of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, 111 parts of polyphenylsulfone terephthalamide 6 parts of polyether ether ketone, 5 parts of vinyl tris ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy) silane, 5 parts of vinyl triethoxy silane, 6 parts of sodium metaaluminate, 9 parts of mica powder, montmorillonite 9 parts of soil;
  • the foamed aluminum alloy is an aluminum-titanium alloy with a porosity of 75-80%.
  • the filling material is composed of the following components by mass: 28 parts of kaolin, 13 parts of diatomite, 19 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 7 parts of modified expandable graphite, 32 parts of pentaerythritol, 18 parts of melamine polyphosphate, 18 parts of melamine, 8 parts of phenolic resin powder, 2 parts of guar gum.
  • the inner protective layer is a composite of polystyrene and modified silicon dioxide particles, the mass ratio of polystyrene and modified silicon dioxide particles is 10:1, and the average particle size of the modified silicon dioxide particles is 350 microns.
  • the outer protective layer is a mixture of polyvinyl chloride and 3-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl] glutarimide, in which polyvinyl chloride and 3
  • the mass ratio of -[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]glutarimide was 14:1.
  • the foamed aluminum alloy is an aluminum-titanium alloy with a porosity of 75-80%.
  • the filling material is composed of the following components by mass: 28 parts of kaolin, 13 parts of diatomite, 19 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 7 parts of modified expandable graphite, 32 parts of pentaerythritol, 18 parts of melamine polyphosphate, 18 parts of melamine, 8 parts of phenolic resin powder, 2 parts of guar gum.
  • the inner protective layer is a composite of polystyrene and modified silicon dioxide particles, the mass ratio of polystyrene and modified silicon dioxide particles is 10:1, and the average particle size of the modified silicon dioxide particles is 350 microns.
  • the outer protective layer is a mixture of polyvinyl chloride and 3-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl] glutarimide, in which polyvinyl chloride and 3
  • the mass ratio of -[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]glutarimide was 14:1.
  • the flame retardant layer is composed of the following components by mass: 62 parts of methyl vinyl silicone rubber with a number average molecular weight of 700,000, 13 parts of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, 111 parts of polyphenylsulfone terephthalamide 6 parts of polyether ether ketone, 5 parts of vinyl tris ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy) silane, 5 parts of vinyl triethoxy silane, 6 parts of sodium metaaluminate, 9 parts of mica powder, montmorillonite 9 parts of soil;
  • the buffer layer material is composed of the following components by mass: 28 parts of kaolin, 13 parts of diatomite, 19 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 7 parts of modified expandable graphite, 32 parts of pentaerythritol, 18 parts of melamine polyphosphate, 18 parts of melamine, phenolic 8 parts of resin powder, 2 parts of guar gum.
  • the inner protective layer is a composite of polystyrene and modified silicon dioxide particles, the mass ratio of polystyrene and modified silicon dioxide particles is 10:1, and the average particle size of the modified silicon dioxide particles is 350 microns.
  • the outer protective layer is a mixture of polyvinyl chloride and 3-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl] glutarimide, in which polyvinyl chloride and 3
  • the mass ratio of -[2-(3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]glutarimide was 14:1.
  • the flame retardant layer is composed of the following components by mass: 62 parts of methyl vinyl silicone rubber with a number average molecular weight of 700,000, 13 parts of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, 111 parts of polyphenylsulfone terephthalamide 6 parts of polyether ether ketone, 5 parts of vinyl tris ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy) silane, 5 parts of vinyl triethoxy silane, 6 parts of sodium metaaluminate, 9 parts of mica powder, montmorillonite 9 parts of soil;
  • the foamed aluminum alloy is an aluminum-titanium alloy with a porosity of 75-80%; the filling material is composed of the following components by mass: 28 parts of kaolin, 13 parts of diatomaceous earth, 19 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 8 parts of phenolic resin powder, guar Glue 2 parts.
  • the inner protective layer is a composite of polystyrene and modified silicon dioxide particles, the mass ratio of polystyrene and modified silicon dioxide particles is 10:1, and the average particle size of the modified silicon dioxide particles is 350 microns.
  • Flame retardant performance According to GB/T19216.21-2003, part 21 of line integrity test of cables under flame conditions; test procedures and requirements for cables with rated voltage 0.6/1.0kV and below (GB/T19216.21-2003, IEC60331-21 :1999, IDT) for testing. Determine whether the power supply can be sustained according to the indication of the indicator light of the terminal.
  • the light-off time is used as an index parameter to measure the flame-retardant effect of the cable. The longer the light-off time is, the better the flame-retardant effect is.
  • the bending resistance of the material is tested as follows, the cable is bent back and forth at 90 degrees for 3000 times, and the surface state of the cable is observed.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种铝合金缓冲的环保阻燃耐火电力电缆，所述电缆从外向内依次包括外保护层、阻燃层、铝合金缓冲层、内保护层和导体缆芯，其中铝合金缓冲层中包括泡沫铝合金作为基体以及填充在泡沫铝合金中填充材料；本发明采用了多层复合结构以及改性的保护层成分，提高了电缆的耐折弯性能、耐撞击性和阻燃性，本发明的铝合金缓冲的环保阻燃耐火电力电缆不仅具有良好的耐撞击缓冲性能，可以改善电缆的柔软性、提高电缆的弯曲性能，并且在高温状态下铝合金缓冲层能够受热膨胀，从而进一步隔绝外部的热量传导到电芯，具有良好的隔热和阻燃效果，并且本发明的铝合金缓冲的环保阻燃耐火电力电缆具有结构简单、机械性能好，耐折弯，阻燃效果好，成本低廉等优点。

Description

一种铝合金缓冲的环保阻燃耐火电力电缆 技术领域
本发明涉及一种铝合金缓冲的环保阻燃耐火电力电缆。
背景技术
电缆一般指由一根或多根相互绝缘的导体和外包绝缘保护层制成，将电力或信息从一处传输到另一处的导线。电缆的最基本性能就是能够有效的传输电力、电磁波、光波等，另外对使用环境具有一定的适应性。为了使电缆适用于不同的场合，必须具有多方面的性能，综合起来如下：电缆中的导体应具有良好的导电性能，光纤对光波的传导要好、没有太大的损耗；而对包覆材料由要求电绝缘性能要好，如绝缘电阻、介电常数、介电损耗、击穿电压等。
阻燃电缆是指在规定试验条件下，试样被燃烧，在撤去试验火源后，火焰的蔓延仅在限定范围内，残焰或残灼在限定时间内能自行熄灭的电缆。根本特性是:在火灾情况下有可能被烧坏而不能运行，但可阻止火势的蔓延。通俗地讲，电线万一失火，能够把燃烧限制在局部范围内，不产生蔓延，保住其他的各种设备，避免造成更大的损失。
阻燃电缆的护套层，一般具有以下两个特点：高散热性和自身不可燃性，电缆护套一般由橡胶材质制成，橡胶材质具有韧性和弹性，在多次重复的弯折之下，橡胶的侧壁也不会出现裂纹，是电缆护套的理想材料，电缆护套所用的橡胶材质中添加无机粉末，通过无机粉末的不可燃性提高电缆护套层的阻燃性，具有先进的科学意义，不仅提高了橡胶材质电缆护套的阻燃性，同时减少橡胶的用量和提高电缆护套的耐磨性。但是，电缆护套的橡胶在添加无机物颗粒后，橡胶与无机物颗粒之间的结合力差，在电缆重复弯折的情况下，护套层容易出现裂纹，导致电缆过早失去防护作用。
如今，我国的阻燃耐火环保型绝缘电缆制造还处在初级阶段，加上国内各个电缆厂家的技术水平和加工水平参差不齐，而环保型阻燃耐火绝缘电缆的要求较为严格，随着我国阻燃技术的不断发展，阻燃及耐火电缆的技术水平也在逐步提高，但是这些阻燃及耐火电缆的成本较高、敷设、使用较复杂，其安全性和可靠性都远远到不到要求。保证电缆在高温环境下的正常运行，以满足现代社会和科 技发展的需求，是电缆生产企业当前迫切需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种铝合金缓冲的环保阻燃耐火电力电缆，所述电缆从外向内依次包括外保护层、阻燃层、铝合金缓冲层、内保护层和导体缆芯，其中铝合金缓冲层中包括泡沫铝合金作为基体以及填充在泡沫铝合金中填充材料；本发明采用了多层复合结构以及改性的保护层成分，提高了电缆的耐折弯性能、耐撞击性和阻燃性，本发明的铝合金缓冲的环保阻燃耐火电力电缆不仅具有良好的耐撞击缓冲性能，可以改善电缆的柔软性、提高电缆的弯曲性能，并且在高温状态下铝合金缓冲层能够受热膨胀，从而进一步隔绝外部的热量传导到电芯，具有良好的隔热和阻燃效果，并且本发明的铝合金缓冲的环保阻燃耐火电力电缆具有结构简单、机械性能好，耐折弯，阻燃效果好，成本低廉等优点。具体的方案如下：
一种铝合金缓冲的环保阻燃耐火电力电缆，所述电缆从外向内依次包括外保护层、阻燃层、铝合金缓冲层、内保护层和导体缆芯，其特征在于，其中所述铝合金缓冲层在高温下的膨胀倍率为3.5-4.2倍，所述铝合金缓冲层中包括泡沫铝合金作为基体以及填充在泡沫铝合金中填充材料；其中，所述填充材料由以下质量份的成分组成：高岭土24-32份、硅藻土12-14份、氢氧化铝18-20份、改性可膨胀石墨6-8份、季戊四醇30-35份、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐15-20份、三聚氰胺15-20份、酚醛树脂粉末6-10份，瓜尔胶1-3份；所述阻燃层由以下质量份的成分构成：数均分子量为60-80万的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶60-65份、2,4-二氯过氧苯甲酰12-14份、聚苯砜对苯二甲酰胺10-12份、聚醚醚酮5-8份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷5-6份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷4-5份、偏铝酸钠5-8份、云母粉8-10份、蒙脱土8-10份。
进一步的，所述泡沫铝合金为铝钛合金，孔隙率为75-80％；所述铝合金缓冲层由以下方法制备得到：将填充材料分散在去离子水中得到填充浆料，然后将所述泡沫铝钛合金浸渍于所述浆料中，取出干燥后得到所述铝合金缓冲层。
进一步的，所述外保护层为聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的混合物，其中聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的质量比为14-15:1。
进一步的，所述内保护层聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒的复合物，其中改性 二氧化硅颗粒平均粒径为300-400微米，改性二氧化硅颗粒由以下方法制备得到：将50质量份粒径为300-400微米的二氧化硅颗粒，放入100质量份浓度为0.3mol/L的NaOH溶液中，85℃恒温搅拌4h，去离子水洗涤并干燥，然后将10质量份二氧化硅颗粒放入100质量份含有10wt％硅烷偶联剂KH550的甲苯溶液中，85℃恒温搅拌4h，过滤，干燥得到改性二氧化硅颗粒。
进一步的，所述改性可膨胀石墨由以下制备方法制备得到：1)，取5质量份高锰酸钾与50质量份鳞片状的天然石墨混合，加入100质量份硝酸和磷酸按照质量比7:3混合而成的混合酸液，浸泡2h，去离子水洗涤后，300℃下真空干燥，制备得到可膨胀石墨；2)，将5质量份十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、2质量份溴化钠加入至100质量份去离子水中，得到改性剂；3)，按质量份计，取15质量份可膨胀石墨、5质量份改性剂、4质量份40wt％磷酸混合，在50℃水浴下超声混合1小时，水洗、烘干、再用1500KW/m2的微波膨化，得到改性膨胀石墨。
进一步的，其中所述填充材料由以下质量份的成分组成：高岭土28份、硅藻土13份、氢氧化铝19份、改性可膨胀石墨7份、季戊四醇32份、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐18、三聚氰胺18份、酚醛树脂粉末8份，瓜尔胶2份。
进一步的，其中所述阻燃层由以下质量份的成分构成：数均分子量为70万的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶62份、2,4-二氯过氧苯甲酰13份、聚苯砜对苯二甲酰胺111份、聚醚醚酮6份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷5份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5份、偏铝酸钠6份、云母粉9份、蒙脱土9份。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
1)本发明在电缆中加入了铝合金缓冲层，其和阻燃层共同组成电缆的抗弯抗折抗冲击以及阻燃的复合层，铝钛合金具有良好的记忆效应，在缓冲层中提供基体骨架作用，提高抗折，抗弯以及抗冲击性能的同时，还能够将电芯内部在传导电力时产生的热量及时传导到外部，起到散热作用，避免电芯由于局部放热导致电芯损坏，并且在外部起火后，缓冲层中的填料能够在高温下膨胀3倍以上，从而有效阻断缓冲层的导热，起到屏蔽外界热量传递到电芯的作用；
2)阻燃层中的材料除了能够起到阻燃作用，能较好地保护导体及免受高温烧灼而导致损害之外，其最主要的核心作用是提高阻燃层和缓冲层之间 的机械结合性能，改善电缆的柔软性，进而大大提高复合电缆的弯曲性能；
3)改性二氧化硅材料由于二氧化硅表面偶联剂的高分子链作用，提高了二氧化硅颗粒的分散悬浮性，并且改性后的二氧化硅电位绝对值增大，增大了颗粒间的静电斥力，进一步提高了二氧化硅在橡胶溶液中的分散悬浮性，硅烷偶联剂KH550的氨基(-NH2)能与聚苯乙烯之间存在化学键的结合，因而使二氧化硅颗粒的结合更加牢固。
4)2,4-二氯过氧苯甲酰、聚苯砜对苯二甲酰胺、聚醚醚酮、偏铝酸钠、云母粉、蒙脱土进行混合作为阻燃剂，有效减轻电缆的有效重量，使电缆更加轻巧，大大提高了电缆的耐火绝缘性能，在高温灼烧情况下更加坚硬，不仅增强了阻燃作用，而且使得电缆耐热，抗弯性能较好。
5)改性膨胀石墨能够对季戊四醇碳化起到部分催化作用，提高季戊四醇的碳化效果，并且改性膨胀石墨能够进一步改善层的耐火性能。
具体实施方式
本发明下面将通过具体的实施例进行更详细的描述，但本发明的保护范围并不受限于这些实施例。
外保护层0.5mm、阻燃层1mm、铝合金缓冲层1mm、内保护层0.5mm和导体缆芯直径7.5mm。
铝合金缓冲层由以下方法制备得到：将填充材料分散在去离子水中得到填充浆料，然后将所述泡沫铝钛合金浸渍于所述浆料中，取出干燥后得到所述铝合金缓冲层。
改性二氧化硅颗粒由以下方法制备得到：将50质量份粒径为300-400微米的二氧化硅颗粒，放入100质量份浓度为0.3mol/L的NaOH溶液中，85℃恒温搅拌4h，去离子水洗涤并干燥，然后将10质量份二氧化硅颗粒放入100质量份含有10wt％硅烷偶联剂KH550的甲苯溶液中，85℃恒温搅拌4h，过滤，干燥得到改性二氧化硅颗粒。
改性可膨胀石墨由以下制备方法制备得到：1)，取5质量份高锰酸钾与50质量份鳞片状的天然石墨混合，加入100质量份硝酸和磷酸按照质量比7:3混合而成的混合酸液，浸泡2h，去离子水洗涤后，300℃下真空干燥，制备得到可膨 胀石墨；2)，将5质量份十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、2质量份溴化钠加入至100质量份去离子水中，得到改性剂；3)，按质量份计，取15质量份可膨胀石墨、5质量份改性剂、4质量份40wt％磷酸混合，在50℃水浴下超声混合1小时，水洗、烘干、再用1500KW/m2的微波膨化，得到改性膨胀石墨。
实施例1
外保护层为聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的混合物，其中聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的质量比为14:1。
阻燃层由以下质量份的成分构成：数均分子量为60万的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶60份、2,4-二氯过氧苯甲酰12份、聚苯砜对苯二甲酰胺10份、聚醚醚酮5份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷5份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷4份、偏铝酸钠5份、云母粉8份、蒙脱土8份；
泡沫铝合金为铝钛合金，孔隙率为75％；填充材料由以下质量份的成分组成：高岭土24份、硅藻土12份、氢氧化铝18份、改性可膨胀石墨6份、季戊四醇30份、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐15份、三聚氰胺15份、酚醛树脂粉末6份，瓜尔胶1份；
内保护层为聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒的复合物，聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒质量比为10:1，其中改性二氧化硅颗粒平均粒径为300微米。
实施例2
外保护层为聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的混合物，其中聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的质量比为15:1。
阻燃层由以下质量份的成分构成：数均分子量为80万的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶65份、2,4-二氯过氧苯甲酰14份、聚苯砜对苯二甲酰胺12份、聚醚醚酮8份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷6份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5份、偏铝酸钠8份、云母粉10份、蒙脱土10份；
泡沫铝合金为铝钛合金，孔隙率为80％；填充材料由以下质量份的成分组成：高岭土32份、硅藻土14份、氢氧化铝20份、改性可膨胀石墨8份、季戊四醇35份、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐20份、三聚氰胺20份、酚醛树脂粉末10份，瓜尔胶 3份；
内保护层为聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒的复合物，聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒质量比为10:1，其中改性二氧化硅颗粒平均粒径为400微米。
实施例3
外保护层为聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的混合物，其中聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的质量比为14:1。
阻燃层由以下质量份的成分构成：数均分子量为70万的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶62份、2,4-二氯过氧苯甲酰13份、聚苯砜对苯二甲酰胺111份、聚醚醚酮6份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷5份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5份、偏铝酸钠6份、云母粉9份、蒙脱土9份；
泡沫铝合金为铝钛合金，孔隙率为75-80％；填充材料由以下质量份的成分组成：高岭土28份、硅藻土13份、氢氧化铝19份、改性可膨胀石墨7份、季戊四醇32份、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐18、三聚氰胺18份、酚醛树脂粉末8份，瓜尔胶2份。
内保护层为聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒的复合物，聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒质量比为10:1，其中改性二氧化硅颗粒平均粒径为350微米。
对比例1
外保护层为聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的混合物，其中聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的质量比为14:1。
泡沫铝合金为铝钛合金，孔隙率为75-80％；填充材料由以下质量份的成分组成：高岭土28份、硅藻土13份、氢氧化铝19份、改性可膨胀石墨7份、季戊四醇32份、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐18、三聚氰胺18份、酚醛树脂粉末8份，瓜尔胶2份。
内保护层为聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒的复合物，聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒质量比为10:1，其中改性二氧化硅颗粒平均粒径为350微米。
对比例2
外保护层为聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰 亚胺的混合物，其中聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的质量比为14:1。
阻燃层由以下质量份的成分构成：数均分子量为70万的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶62份、2,4-二氯过氧苯甲酰13份、聚苯砜对苯二甲酰胺111份、聚醚醚酮6份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷5份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5份、偏铝酸钠6份、云母粉9份、蒙脱土9份；
缓冲层材料由以下质量份的成分组成：高岭土28份、硅藻土13份、氢氧化铝19份、改性可膨胀石墨7份、季戊四醇32份、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐18、三聚氰胺18份、酚醛树脂粉末8份，瓜尔胶2份。
内保护层为聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒的复合物，聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒质量比为10:1，其中改性二氧化硅颗粒平均粒径为350微米。
对比例3
外保护层为聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的混合物，其中聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的质量比为14:1。
阻燃层由以下质量份的成分构成：数均分子量为70万的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶62份、2,4-二氯过氧苯甲酰13份、聚苯砜对苯二甲酰胺111份、聚醚醚酮6份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷5份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5份、偏铝酸钠6份、云母粉9份、蒙脱土9份；
泡沫铝合金为铝钛合金，孔隙率为75-80％；填充材料由以下质量份的成分组成：高岭土28份、硅藻土13份、氢氧化铝19份、酚醛树脂粉末8份，瓜尔胶2份。
内保护层为聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒的复合物，聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒质量比为10:1，其中改性二氧化硅颗粒平均粒径为350微米。
测试及结果
阻燃性能根据GB/T19216.21-2003在火焰条件下电缆的线路完整性试验第21部分；试验步骤和要求额定电压0.6/1.0kV及以下电缆(GB/T19216.21-2003，IEC60331-21:1999，IDT)进行测试。根据终端指示灯的指示情况判断是否能够能够持续供电。以指示灯熄灭时间作为衡量电缆阻燃效果的指标参数，指示灯熄灭 时间越长，阻燃效果越好。
表1
  指示灯熄灭时间(min)
实施例1 267
实施例2 259
实施例3 281
对比例1 185
对比例2 223
对比例3 116
以下对材料的抗弯性能进行测试，将电缆弯曲来回弯曲90度3000次，观察电缆表面状态。
表2
  弯曲性能，表观
实施例1 良好
实施例2 良好
实施例3 良好
对比例1 裂纹
对比例2 裂纹
对比例3 良好
由表1和表2的数据显示，当去除缓冲层中的铝合金，或者是去除阻燃层后，抗弯折性能明显变差，说明铝合金和阻燃层的存在对于材料的抗弯折性能起到很明显的作用；并且当缓冲层的填充材料不能膨胀后，会导致缓冲层向内导热严重，导致防火性能急剧下降。
尽管本发明的内容已经通过上述优选实施例作了详细介绍，但是应当认识到上述的描述不应被认为是对本发明的限制。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种铝合金缓冲的环保阻燃耐火电力电缆，铝合金缓冲的环保阻燃耐火电力电缆，所述电缆从外向内依次包括外保护层、阻燃层、铝合金缓冲层、内保护层和导体缆芯，其特征在于，其中所述铝合金缓冲层在高温下的膨胀倍率为3.5-4.2倍，所述铝合金缓冲层中包括泡沫铝合金作为基体以及填充在泡沫铝合金中填充材料；其中，所述填充材料由以下质量份的成分组成：高岭土24-32份、硅藻土12-14份、氢氧化铝18-20份、改性可膨胀石墨6-8份、季戊四醇30-35份、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐15-20份、三聚氰胺15-20份、酚醛树脂粉末6-10份，瓜尔胶1-3份；所述阻燃层由以下质量份的成分构成：数均分子量为60-80万的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶60-65份、2,4-二氯过氧苯甲酰12-14份、聚苯砜对苯二甲酰胺10-12份、聚醚醚酮5-8份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷5-6份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷4-5份、偏铝酸钠5-8份、云母粉8-10份、蒙脱土8-10份。
  2. 如上述权利要求1所述的电缆，所述泡沫铝合金为铝钛合金，孔隙率为75-80％；所述铝合金缓冲层由以下方法制备得到：将填充材料分散在去离子水中得到填充浆料，然后将所述泡沫铝钛合金浸渍于所述浆料中，取出干燥后得到所述铝合金缓冲层。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的电缆，所述外保护层为聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的混合物，其中聚氯乙烯和3-[2-(3,5-二甲基-2-氧代环己基)-2-羟基乙基]戊二酰亚胺的质量比为14-15:1。
  4. 如上述权利要求1所述的电缆，所述内保护层聚苯乙烯和改性二氧化硅颗粒的复合物，其中改性二氧化硅颗粒平均粒径为300-400微米，改性二氧化硅颗粒由以下方法制备得到：将50质量份粒径为300-400微米的二氧化硅颗粒，放入100质量份浓度为0.3mol/L的NaOH溶液中，85℃恒温搅拌4h，去离子水洗涤并干燥，然后将10质量份二氧化硅颗粒放入100质量份含有10wt％硅烷偶联剂KH550的甲苯溶液中，85℃恒温搅拌4h，过滤，干燥得到改性二氧化硅颗粒。
  5. 如上述权利要求1-4任一项所述的电缆，所述改性可膨胀石墨由以下制备方法制备得到：1)，取5质量份高锰酸钾与50质量份鳞片状的天然石墨混合，加入100质量份硝酸和磷酸按照质量比7:3混合而成的混合酸液， 浸泡2h，去离子水洗涤后，300℃下真空干燥，制备得到可膨胀石墨；2)，将5质量份十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、2质量份溴化钠加入至100质量份去离子水中，得到改性剂；3)，按质量份计，取15质量份可膨胀石墨、5质量份改性剂、4质量份40wt％磷酸混合，在50℃水浴下超声混合1小时，水洗、烘干、再用1500KW/m 2的微波膨化，得到改性膨胀石墨。
  6. 如上述权利要求1所述的电缆，其中所述填充材料由以下质量份的成分组成：高岭土28份、硅藻土13份、氢氧化铝19份、改性可膨胀石墨7份、季戊四醇32份、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐18、三聚氰胺18份、酚醛树脂粉末8份，瓜尔胶2份。
  7. 如上述权利要求1所述的电缆，其中所述阻燃层由以下质量份的成分构成：数均分子量为70万的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶62份、2,4-二氯过氧苯甲酰13份、聚苯砜对苯二甲酰胺111份、聚醚醚酮6份、乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷5份、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5份、偏铝酸钠6份、云母粉9份、蒙脱土9份。
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