WO2022264940A1 - 熱電発電デバイス - Google Patents
熱電発電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022264940A1 WO2022264940A1 PCT/JP2022/023476 JP2022023476W WO2022264940A1 WO 2022264940 A1 WO2022264940 A1 WO 2022264940A1 JP 2022023476 W JP2022023476 W JP 2022023476W WO 2022264940 A1 WO2022264940 A1 WO 2022264940A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/14—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates
- H01F41/30—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates for applying nanostructures, e.g. by molecular beam epitaxy [MBE]
- H01F41/302—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates for applying nanostructures, e.g. by molecular beam epitaxy [MBE] for applying spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices
- H01F41/308—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for applying magnetic films to substrates for applying nanostructures, e.g. by molecular beam epitaxy [MBE] for applying spin-exchange-coupled multilayers, e.g. nanostructured superlattices lift-off processes, e.g. ion milling, for trimming or patterning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N15/00—Thermoelectric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials; Thermomagnetic devices, e.g. using the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect
- H10N15/20—Thermomagnetic devices using thermal change of the magnetic permeability, e.g. working above and below the Curie point
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N15/00—Thermoelectric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials; Thermomagnetic devices, e.g. using the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thermoelectric power generation device, and more particularly to a thermopile structure that efficiently utilizes thermal energy/heat flow passing through a power generation module/heat flow sensor.
- thermoelectric power generation and heat flow sensors using the thermoelectric effect “anomalous Nernst effect” that appears in magnetic materials are progressing.
- an electromotive force is generated in the same direction as the heat flow.
- thermoelectric power generation and heat flow sensing which cannot be realized with conventional thermoelectric power generation using the Seebeck effect, are possible.
- the anomalous Nernst effect the output appears in the in-plane direction for the heat flow in the perpendicular direction. It is required that the magnitude or sign of the thermoelectric power due to the anomalous Nernst of the magnetic material is different in ", or that the magnetization is in the opposite direction.
- the anomalous Nernst effect in a magnetic material is a phenomenon in which an electric field is generated in the outer product direction ( ⁇ T ⁇ M) of the magnetization and the temperature gradient.
- thermoelectric generation and heat flow sensors it is possible to amplify the voltage with a simple in-plane connection type thermopile structure (a series connection of magnetic bodies with positive and negative sign thermoelectric power), so it can be applied to thermoelectric generation and heat flow sensors. It can be expected (Fig. 3, Patent Document 1).
- thermoelectric power generation and heat flow sensors using the anomalous Nernst effect in order to construct a structure that does not waste thermal energy/heat flow, two types of magnetic materials with large positive and negative thermoelectric powers are used in the thermopile. Alternatively, it is necessary to add control so that the magnetization of adjacent magnetic wires is oriented in the opposite direction by magnetization reversal control, and there is a problem that the fabrication is not easy.
- thermoelectric power of the anomalous Nernst effect reported so far is +3.4 ⁇ V/K for FeAl alloy (Non-Patent Document 1), +6 ⁇ V/K for Co 2 MnGa Heusler alloy (Non-Patent Document 2), +2.1 ⁇ V/K for FeGa alloy (Non-patent document 3), +3 ⁇ V/K for SmCo 5 permanent magnet (Non-patent document 4), 3-6 ⁇ V/K for D0 3 -Fe 3 Ga and Fe 3 Al (Non-patent document 5), which is limited to materials with a positive sign, and materials with a negative sign and a large thermoelectric power due to the anomalous Nernst effect are still under investigation. Therefore, most of the structures of thermopiles that have been reported so far are structures in which the connecting metal wires are non-magnetic (uni-leg structure) (Non-Patent Documents 1 and 5).
- thermoelectric power generation device using thermoelectric power due to the anomalous Nernst effect, the heat flow/thermal energy passing through the non-magnetic material portion does not generate voltage output/electric power, and is wasted. It is an object of the present invention to provide a thermoelectric generating device having a thermopile structure that efficiently utilizes the thermal energy/heat flow passing through the generating module/heat flow sensor.
- thermoelectric power generation device with a structure in which non-magnetic wires are connected in series.
- this structure it is possible to cover almost the entire area of the surface through which the heat flow passes with one magnetic material, and the performance of the thermoelectric generation module/heat flow sensor can be improved. Even higher performance can be obtained by replacing the non-magnetic wire portion in the present invention with a magnetic material having a thermoelectric power opposite to that of the magnetic wire portion.
- thermoelectric power generation device of the present invention as shown in FIG.
- thermoelectric power generation device of the present invention both ends in the arrangement direction of the non-magnetic wire 23a connecting the adjacent first and second magnetic wires 21a and 21b are arranged in one direction of the arrangement direction of the first magnetic wire 21a. and the other end in the arrangement direction of the second magnetic wire 21b may be electrically connected through a through contact hole 24 filled with a conductive material.
- the nonmagnetic material of the plurality of nonmagnetic wires 23 is preferably Cu, Ag, Au, Al, Rh, W, Mo, Pt, or Pd, and alloy materials containing these. It is good in it being any one kind of.
- thermoelectric generation device of the present invention for example, as shown in FIG. It is composed of a plurality of thin-film fine-wire-shaped or bar-shaped magnetic wires 21 arranged in parallel on the surface, and a magnetic material having a thermoelectric power opposite in sign to the magnetic material constituting the plurality of magnetic wires.
- the plurality of magnetic wires 21 and the plurality of reverse magnetic wires pierce the insulating film 22 so that the magnetic wires and the second magnetic wires 21 a and 21 b can be connected in series via one of the plurality of reverse magnetic wires 27 . 27, and a laminate of a plurality of magnetic wires 21, an insulating film 22, and a plurality of reverse magnetic wires 27 made of an insulating material or a conductive material coated with an insulating material.
- thermoelectric power generating device of the present invention opposite ends in the arrangement direction of the reverse magnetic wire 27a connecting the adjacent first and second magnetic wires 21a and 21b are arranged in one direction of the arrangement direction of the first magnetic wire 21a. and the other end in the arrangement direction of the second magnetic wire 21b may be electrically connected through a through contact hole 24 filled with a conductive material.
- the magnetic material forming the plurality of magnetic wires 21 has positive thermoelectric power
- the magnetic material forming the plurality of reverse magnetic wires 27 has negative thermoelectric power. good too.
- the magnetic material forming the plurality of magnetic wires 21 has negative thermoelectric power, and the magnetic material forming the plurality of reverse magnetic wires 27 has positive thermoelectric power.
- the spacing between the plurality of magnetic wires 21 is preferably narrower than at least one of the length and width of the magnetic wires 21 .
- the insulating material forming the insulating film 22 is any one of MgO, Si—O, Si—N, Al—O, Al—N, BN, or C. It should be a kind.
- the material constituting the substrate 20 is preferably an insulating material such as MgO, silicon with a thermal oxide film, Si—O, Si—N, Al—O, Al—N, Any one of SiC, sapphire, glass, polyimide, polyethylene naphthalate, or diamond, or silicon, Cu, Ag, Au, Al, Rh, W, as a conductive material coated with an insulating material.
- the magnetic wire 21 is a thin thin wire shape, and has a width W of 10 nm to 1 mm and a thickness T of 1 nm. ⁇ 100 ⁇ m, and the length L is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 10 cm.
- the magnetic wire 21 is bar-shaped, has a width W of 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm, and a thickness T of 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm.
- the thickness of the insulating film 22 is preferably 1 nm to 1 cm.
- the film thickness of the substrate 20 is preferably 3 ⁇ m to 3 mm.
- thermoelectric power generation module/heat flow sensor using the anomalous Nernst effect can be constructed with one magnetic material, and one magnetic material exhibiting a large anomalous Nernst effect is realized.
- a thermoelectric generation module/heat flow sensor that does not lose heat energy/heat flow structurally can be produced.
- the thermoelectric power generation device of the present invention preferably, as in [4], when the reverse magnetic wire 27, which is a magnetic material having a thermoelectric power of the opposite sign to that of the magnetic material of the magnetic wire 21, is used, the non-magnetic wire 23 , the sensitivity of the heat flow sensor and the power generation performance of the power generation module can be further improved.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a conceptual configuration of a thermoelectric power generation device showing an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing a conceptual configuration of a thermoelectric power generation device showing another embodiment of the present invention
- 1 is a configuration diagram showing a conceptual configuration for explaining a conventional thermoelectric converter based on the anomalous Nernst effect
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the evaluation result of the heat flow sensor performance of the device produced as Example 1 of this invention.
- It is the graph (B) which shows the external appearance photograph (A) of the heat flow sensor of 30 square mm size produced as Example 2 of this invention, and its performance evaluation result.
- It is the graph (C) which shows the external appearance photograph (A) of the heat flow sensor of 30 square mm size produced as Example 3 of this invention, its internal photograph (B), and its performance evaluation result.
- Nernst effect is that when a magnetic field is applied in a direction (My) perpendicular to the direction of heat flow ( ⁇ Tz) to a conductor (metal or semiconductor) in which there is a temperature gradient and heat is flowing, a direction (Vx ) is a phenomenon that causes a potential difference.
- a direction (Vx ) is a phenomenon that causes a potential difference.
- the coordinate systems Vx, My, and ⁇ Tz are the coordinate systems shown in FIG. 3(A).
- Anomalous Nernst effect is a phenomenon in which a potential difference occurs in the outer product direction of a metal or semiconductor with spontaneous magnetization when there is a temperature difference in the direction perpendicular to the spontaneous magnetization. Therefore, if the anomalous Nernst effect is used, for example, a voltage can be obtained in the My in-plane direction by simply applying a perpendicular thermal gradient in the ⁇ Tz direction to a ferromagnetic material having magnetization in the My direction, increasing the distance in the Vx direction.
- the Seebeck effect is a phenomenon in which the temperature difference between metals and semiconductors is directly converted into voltage, and is a kind of thermoelectric effect. It is characterized in that the sign of the Seebeck coefficient differs depending on whether the carriers are electrons or holes. Note that " ⁇ " indicating a numerical range indicates a numerical range between the lower limit and the upper limit, and in this specification, unless otherwise specified, the range from the lower limit to the upper limit shall be represented.
- thermoelectric power generation device 18 includes a substrate 20, a plurality of magnetic wires 21, an insulating film 22, a plurality of non-magnetic wires 23, and through contact holes 24.
- the present invention has a structure (thermopile structure) in which a plurality of magnetic wires 21 are connected in series via a plurality of non-magnetic wires 23 .
- the substrate 20 holds a laminate of a plurality of magnetic wires 21, an insulating film 22, and a plurality of non-magnetic wires 23.
- FIG. 1 shows a case where a plurality of magnetic wires 21 are arranged on the side of the bonding surface with the substrate 20, the present invention is not limited to this, and includes a plurality of magnetic wires 21, an insulating film 22, and a plurality of non-magnetic films.
- a plurality of non-magnetic wires 23 may be arranged on the bonding surface side with the substrate 20 by reversing the stacking order of the laminate of the magnetic wires 23 .
- the substrate 20 is made of a conductive material that is electrically insulating or coated with an insulator.
- the material constituting the substrate 20 preferably has a high thermal conductivity, for example, an MgO substrate, but is not limited to the MgO substrate. Any one of O, Al—N, SiC, sapphire, glass, polyimide, polyethylene naphthalate, or diamond may be used. Alternatively, using silicon, Cu, Ag, Au, Al, Rh, W, Mo, Pt, Pd foil, etc. as a conductive material coated with an insulating material also yields a flexible substrate.
- the film thickness of the substrate 20 is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 1 m. Preferably, the film thickness of the substrate 20 is preferably in the range of 3 ⁇ m to 3 mm, and optimally in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
- the plurality of magnetic wires 21 are made of a single magnetic material with a large thermoelectric power of the anomalous Nernst effect, and a plurality of first and second magnetic wires 21a and 21b in the form of thin films or rods are arranged in parallel. be.
- the plurality of magnetic wires 21 are arranged in a vertical striped pattern on one surface of the insulating film 22 and arranged on the substrate 20 side, for example.
- the magnetic material any magnetic material that produces an anomalous Nernst effect can be used.
- the spacing between the plurality of magnetic wires 21 is preferably narrower than at least one of the length and width of the magnetic wires 21 .
- the plurality of non-magnetic wires 23 are made of a non-magnetic material, and are formed by arranging a plurality of non-magnetic wires 23 a in the shape of thin films or rods in parallel. 21 are arranged in parallel or obliquely in parallel with respect to the arrangement direction. That is, the plurality of non-magnetic wires 23 are arranged in vertical stripes parallel to the magnetic wires 21 or in diagonal vertical stripes.
- the nonmagnetic wire 23a has a structure that connects adjacent first and second magnetic wires 21a and 21b of the plurality of magnetic wires 21 at both ends in the arrangement direction.
- the non-magnetic wire 23a has an electric resistance negligibly small compared to the electric resistance of the first and second magnetic wires 21a and 21b, and has a magnetic wire portion between the first and second magnetic wires 21a and 21b. It is desirable to have an electrical contact resistance that is small compared to the resistance of All electrically conductive materials can be used as the non-magnetic material, but materials with high electrical conductivity are preferred, including Cu, Ag, Au, Al, Rh, W, Mo, Pt, Pd, and these. An alloy material or the like is desirable.
- the insulating film 22 is made of an insulating material, is positioned on the facing surface of the plurality of magnetic wires 21 and the plurality of non-magnetic wires 23, and insulates the plurality of magnetic wires 21 and the plurality of non-magnetic wires 23 from each other.
- Any insulating material can be used as long as it has electrical insulating properties, but those with high thermal conductivity are preferred, such as MgO, Si—O, Si—N, Al—O, Al—N, and BN. , C, etc. are desirable. It is preferable that the insulating film 22 is thin enough so as not to cause electrical contact except through the contact hole 24 that connects the non-magnetic wire 23a and the first and second magnetic wires 21a and 21b.
- the film thickness of the insulating film 22 is preferably in the range of 10 nm to 5 mm, and optimally in the range of 30 nm to 1 mm. It is preferable that the insulating film 22 is sufficiently thin so as not to cause electrical contact except through the contact hole 24 connecting the non-magnetic wire 23 and the magnetic wire 21 .
- the through contact hole 24 penetrates the insulating film 22 to form a plurality of magnetic wires 21 so that the adjacent first magnetic wire 21a and second magnetic wire 21b of the plurality of magnetic wires 21 can be connected in series via the non-magnetic wire 23.
- the magnetic wire 21 and the plurality of non-magnetic wires 23 are electrically connected.
- the through contact holes 24 are typically provided near both ends of the insulating film 22 in the arrangement direction of the magnetic wires 21a. and a portion near the end of the non-magnetic wire 23a located on the other surface of the insulating film 22 are connected.
- the plurality of non-magnetic wires 23 arranged in diagonal vertical stripes are connected to both ends of the non-magnetic wire 23a via the through contact holes 24 for the second magnetic wire 21b arranged adjacent to the first magnetic wire 21a.
- the through contact hole 24 may be such that the end of the magnetic wire 21a and the end of the non-magnetic wire 23a are bent and brought into direct contact with each other to obtain conductivity.
- the insulating film 22 is thick, the end of the first magnetic wire 21a and the end of the non-magnetic wire 23a are opposed to each other by filling the through contact hole 24 with a conductive material such as silver paste. The surfaces may be electrically connected.
- thermoelectric power generation device configured in this way, since the magnetic wires can be arranged at high density, high sensitivity can be obtained when the thermoelectric power generation device is applied to the heat flow sensor, and when the thermoelectric power generation device is applied to the power generation module. has a high output voltage.
- the magnetic wire 21 has a thin thin wire shape, a width W of 10 nm to 1 mm, a thickness T of 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, It is preferable that the length L is 1 ⁇ m to 10 cm.
- the width W, thickness T, and length L of the magnetic wire 21 are preferably 1 ⁇ m to 1 mm, 10 nm to 10 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m to 5 cm, and preferably 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, 100 nm. ⁇ 5 ⁇ m and 1 mm to 3 cm.
- the magnetic wire 21 is bar-shaped, has a width W of 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm, and a thickness T of 10 ⁇ m to 1 cm. , length L of 1 mm to 100 cm.
- the width W, thickness T, and length L of the magnetic wire 21 preferably range from 100 ⁇ m to 3 mm, 100 ⁇ m to 5 mm, and 3 mm to 50 cm, and preferably from 300 ⁇ m to 2 mm. It is preferably 500 ⁇ m to 3 mm and 5 mm to 30 cm.
- thermoelectric power generation device 19 instead of the non-magnetic wire 23a in the thermoelectric power generation device 18, the thermoelectric power generation device 19 has a reverse magnetic wire 27 replaced with a magnetic material having a thermoelectric power opposite in sign to the magnetic material of the magnetic wire 21. showing.
- the magnetic material forming the plurality of magnetic wires 21 may have a positive thermoelectric potential
- the magnetic material forming the plurality of reverse magnetic wires 27 may have a negative thermoelectric potential.
- the reverse magnetic wire 27 may be any one of Mn--Ga, Mn--Ge, Nd--Fe--B permanent magnet material, or GaMnAs as a material having negative thermoelectricity.
- the magnetic material forming the plurality of magnetic wires 21 may have a negative thermoelectric potential
- the magnetic material forming the plurality of reverse magnetic wires 27 may have a positive thermoelectric potential.
- the reverse magnetic wire 27 is a positive thermoelectric material.
- Fe—Al, Fe—Ga, Fe—Sn, Fe—Pt, Mn—Sn, Co 2 YZ (Y Ti, V, Cr, Mn, or Fe; Si, Sn, or Sb) Heusler alloy, Sm—Co permanent magnet material.
- thermoelectric power generation device 19 is composed of a substrate 20 made of an insulating material, an insulating film 22 made of an insulating material, and a single magnetic material having a large thermoelectric power of the anomalous Nernst effect, and generates an anomalous Nernst electric field in the arrangement direction 26.
- a plurality of first and second magnetic wires 21 a and 21 b having a thin film thin wire shape or a bar shape are arranged in parallel, and a plurality of magnetic wires 21 arranged in a vertical stripe pattern on one surface of the insulating film 22 and the magnetic wires
- a plurality of inverse magnetic wires 27a made of a magnetic material having a thermoelectric power having a sign opposite to that of the magnetic material 21a and having a thin film fine wire shape or a bar shape are arranged in parallel.
- the substrate 20 has the mechanical durability to hold the laminate of the magnetic wire 21, the insulating film 22, and the reverse magnetic wire 27, and is in thermal contact with the laminate. It penetrates the insulating film 22 so that the portion near the end of the magnetic wire located on one surface of the insulating film 22 and the portion near the end of the non-magnetic wire located on the other surface of the insulating film 22 are connected to each other. .
- the plurality of reverse magnetic wires 27 are typically formed by the second magnetic wires 21b arranged adjacent to the first magnetic wires 21a through the through contact holes 24 by the opposite ends in the arrangement direction of the reverse magnetic wires 27a. arranged to be connected in series.
- FIG. 3 shows a conceptual configuration for explaining a conventional thermoelectric conversion device based on the anomalous Nernst effect, and shows a basic structure of a thermoelectric generation/heat flow sensor using the anomalous Nernst effect.
- A is a perspective view
- B is a plan view.
- a conventional thermoelectric power generation device 10 has a substrate 11, a power generation body 12, and a connection body 13. As shown in FIG.
- At least the surface layer of the substrate 11 is made of MgO.
- the substrate 11 consists, for example, of a single layer of MgO or of a layer of MgO on top of a layer of Au.
- the power generating body 12 consists of a plurality of fine wires 12a arranged parallel (Vx) to each other along the surface of the substrate 11 .
- Each thin wire 12a is made of a ferromagnetic material of L10 type ordered alloy with high magnetic anisotropy and is magnetized in the same direction (My).
- My the same direction
- each thin wire 12a is formed by thinning the FePt thin film formed on the substrate 11, and is magnetized in the width direction (My).
- the power generator 12 is configured to generate power with a temperature difference ( ⁇ Tz) in the direction perpendicular to the magnetization direction due to the anomalous Nernst effect.
- connection body 13 is composed of a plurality of thin wires 13a arranged along the surface of the substrate 11 and parallel to the thin wires 12a of the power generating body 12 and between the thin wires 12a.
- Each thin wire 13a of the connection body 13 electrically connects one end of each thin wire 12a of the power generating body 12 and the other end of each thin wire 12a adjacent on one side of each thin wire 12a.
- the connection body 13 electrically connects each thin wire 12a of the power generation body 12 in series.
- the connector 13 is made of a ferromagnetic material magnetized in the direction opposite to the magnetization direction of each thin wire 12a, and in a specific example shown in FIG.
- the connector 13 is made of non-magnetic Cr.
- the connecting member 13 may be made of a ferromagnetic material having a Nernst coefficient opposite in sign to that of each thin wire 12a.
- the size of the substrate is 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm, and the number of thin wires 12a of the power generating body 12 is 60. As shown in FIG. 3(B), the size of the substrate is 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm, and the number of thin wires 12a of the power generating body 12 is 60. As shown in FIG.
- the thermoelectric power generation device 10 uses the anomalous Nernst effect to generate a potential difference in a direction perpendicular to the temperature difference, and thus can be configured with a simpler structure than devices using the Seebeck effect. It can be manufactured easily, and a power generation device using a large area can be realized.
- the conventional thermoelectric power generation device using the thermopower of the anomalous Nernst effect shown in the comparative example two types of magnetic materials with large positive and negative thermoelectric power in the thermopile are used, or the magnetization reversal control It is necessary to add control so that the magnetization of the magnetic wire is oriented in the opposite direction, and there is a problem that the fabrication is not easy.
- thermoelectric power generation device 10 uses the anomalous Nernst effect, the power generation efficiency is higher for the same figure of merit than devices using the Seebeck effect, and the thermoelectric conversion efficiency can be improved. Moreover, unlike the usual Nernst effect, it is possible to generate electricity without applying an external magnetic field by using coercive force and exchange bias.
- thermoelectric power generating device 10 uses an L10 type ordered alloy having high magnetic anisotropy as the power generating body 12, and is magnetized in the width direction of each fine wire 12a. Spontaneous magnetization can be obtained even if the width is narrowed to Therefore, even with a small area, a large voltage exceeding mV can be realized, and miniaturization is effective.
- thermopower is positive and negative (for example, Fe--Ga is negative if the concentration of Ga is low), and in this case, the sign of thermopower is positive and negative. It is preferable to preferentially determine the combination of magnetic materials.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing performance evaluation results of the heat flow sensor produced as Example 1 of the present invention.
- the substrate 20 is silicon with a 500 ⁇ m thick thermal oxide film
- the magnetic wire 21 is Fe 72 Ga 28 with a thickness of 30 nm, a width of 200 ⁇ m, and a length of 6 mm
- the insulating film 22 is SiO 2 with a thickness of 300 nm
- the nonmagnetic wire 23 A sample was prepared by using Cu with a thickness of 350 nm and a width of 40 ⁇ m as a film, and patterning was performed using photolithography so that 20 Fe 72 Ga 28 lines were connected in series.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing performance evaluation results of the heat flow sensor produced as Example 1 of the present invention.
- the substrate 20 is silicon with a 500 ⁇ m thick thermal oxide film
- the magnetic wire 21 is Fe 72 Ga 28 with a thickness of 30 nm, a width of 200 ⁇ m, and a length of 6 mm
- the insulating film 22
- 4(B) is the voltage signal (mV) due to the anomalous Nernst effect of the sample against the heat flux density (W/m 2 ).
- a sensitivity of 0.027 ⁇ V/(W ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ) was realized, and it was confirmed that a series connection of 20 Fe 72 Ga 28 was constructed and a high sensitivity was obtained.
- the inner diameter of the through contact hole 24 is 160 ⁇ m.
- This sensitivity indicates that a sensitivity of 0.10 ⁇ V/(W ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ) is obtained per 1 cm 2 when normalized by the effective effective area of the sensor.
- the sensitivity per area is, for example, 0.04 ⁇ V / ( W ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ), indicating that the present invention is effective for increasing the sensitivity per area.
- FIG. 5 shows an appearance photograph (A) of a 30 mm square heat flow sensor produced as Example 1 of the present invention and its performance evaluation result (B).
- the substrate 20 is made of silicon with a thermal oxide film having a thickness of 500 ⁇ m
- the magnetic wire 21a is made of Fe 72 Ga 28 with a thickness of 200 nm
- the width is 180 ⁇ m
- the length is 30 mm
- the insulating film 22 is made of SiO 2 with a thickness of 200 nm, and is non-magnetic.
- a sample was prepared by using Au with a thickness of 100 nm and a width of 110 ⁇ m as the wire 23a, and patterning was performed using photolithography so that 150 Fe 72 Ga 28 wires were connected in series.
- FIG. 5B is a graph showing the voltage signal (mV) due to the anomalous Nernst effect of the sample against the heat flux density (W/m 2 ) given to the fabricated sample.
- FIG. 6 shows an external photograph (A), an internal photograph (B), and a graph (C) showing the performance evaluation results of a 55 ⁇ 23 mm square abnormal Nernstian thermoelectric generation module produced as Example 3 of the present invention.
- the substrate 20 is an Al—N substrate with a thickness of 500 ⁇ m
- the magnetic wire 21a is a SmCo5 permanent magnet with a thickness of 1.5 mm, a width of 1.4 mm and a length of 55 mm, a silicon bond with a thickness of about 500 ⁇ m as the insulating film 22, and a non-magnetic wire 23a.
- Al with a thickness of 30 ⁇ m and a width of 300 ⁇ m was used as the wiring, and 24 SmCo5 wires were connected in series.
- thermoelectric power generation module After that, an Al—N substrate was also placed on the top to form a thermoelectric power generation module.
- the non-magnetic wire 23a is arranged obliquely with respect to the magnetic wire 21a.
- FIG. 6(C) shows the maximum power generation Pmax in the residual magnetization state with no external magnetic field with respect to the temperature difference dT applied to the upper and lower Al—N substrates of the power generation module.
- Module1 and module2 represent the measurement results set by rotating the measurement apparatus by 90° in the in-plane direction, and 1st, 2nd, and 3rd represent the results of repeated measurements under the same conditions.
- the output voltage When a temperature difference of 65K is applied to the module, the output voltage is 25mV and the amount of power generation is 56 ⁇ W.When the temperature difference of 47K is applied to the module, the output voltage is 18mV and the amount of power generation is 30 ⁇ W. Showed what it can do.
- thermoelectric power generation device of the present invention provides a thermopile structure that efficiently utilizes the thermal energy/heat flow passing through the power generation module/heat flow sensor. Therefore, the thermoelectric power generation device of the present invention includes, for example, suits, bags, and watches that generate power using the difference between the body temperature and the outside temperature, power generation devices that use hot spring piping, and spontaneous power generation recycling that uses waste heat from personal computers. It can be used for systems.
- thermoelectric power generation device 10 conventional thermoelectric power generation device 11 substrate 12 power generator 12a power generator fine wire 13 connector 13a connector fine wires 18, 19 thermoelectric power generation device 20 substrate (base material) 21 Plural magnetic wires 21a First magnetic wire 21b Second magnetic wire 22 arranged adjacent to the first magnetic wire 21a Insulating film 23 Plural non-magnetic wires 23a Non-magnetic wire 24 Through contact hole 26 Abnormal Nernst of magnetic material Electric field direction 27 Multiple diamagnetic lines 27a Reverse magnetic lines 28 Direction of the anomalous Nernst electric field of the diamagnetic material
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Abstract
Description
異常ネルンスト効果では面直方向への熱流に対して面内方向へ出力が現れるため、磁性線を面内に並べ直列接続を作ることで直列電圧を高めることができるが、"行き"と"戻り"で磁性体の異常ネルンストによる熱電能の大きさまたは符号が異なるか、磁化が逆方向を向いていることが求められる。
しかし、異常ネルンスト効果を用いた熱電発電や熱流センサにおいて、熱エネルギー/熱流を無駄にしないような構造を構築するためには、熱電対列で正負の大きな熱電能を持つ2種類の磁性材料を利用するか、磁化反転制御により隣接する磁性線の磁化が逆方向に向くように制御を加える必要があり、その作製は容易ではないという課題がある。
本発明の目的は、発電モデュール/熱流センサを通過する熱エネルギー/熱流を効率的に利用する熱電対列構造を有する熱電発電デバイスを提供することを目的とする。
本構造によって、熱流が通過する面のほぼ全領域を1つの磁性材料でカバーすることが可能になり、熱電発電モデュール/熱流センサの性能の向上させることができる。本発明のおける非磁性線部分を、磁性線部分と逆の熱電能を持つ磁性材料に置き換えることで、さらに高い性能を得ることもできる。
〔2〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、隣接する第1及び第2磁性線21a,21bを接続する非磁性線23aの配列方向の両端部は、それぞれ、第1磁性線21aの配列方向の一方の端部と、第2磁性線21bの配列方向の他方の端部と、導体材料で充填された貫通接触穴24を介して電気的に接続されてもよい。
〔3〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、好ましくは、複数の非磁性線23の非磁性材料は、Cu、Ag、Au、Al、Rh、W、Mo、Pt、又はPdおよびこれらを含む合金材料の何れか1種類であるとよい。
〔4〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、例えば図2に示すように、絶縁材料よりなる絶縁膜22と、異常ネルンスト効果による熱電能の大きな単一の磁性材料よりなり、絶縁膜22の一方の面に並列に配置された薄膜細線形状又は棒材形状の複数の磁性線21と、複数の磁性線を構成する磁性材料と逆符号の熱電能を持つ磁性材料よりなり、絶縁膜22の他方の面に複数の磁性線21の配列方向に対して平行又は斜めに並列に配置された、薄膜細線形状又は棒材形状の複数の逆磁性線27と、複数の磁性線21のうち隣接する第1磁性線及び第2磁性線21a,21bを、複数の逆磁性線27のうちの1つを介して直列接続可能なように、絶縁膜22を貫通し複数の磁性線21と複数の逆磁性線27を電気的に接続する貫通接触穴24と、絶縁材料、又は絶縁材料で被覆された導電性材料よりなり、複数の磁性線21、絶縁膜22、及び複数の逆磁性線27の積層体を保持し、積層体と熱的に接触している基板20と、を備える。
〔5〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、隣接する第1及び第2磁性線21a,21bを接続する逆磁性線27aの配列方向の両端部は、それぞれ、第1磁性線21aの配列方向の一方の端部と、第2磁性線21bの配列方向の他方の端部と、導体材料で充填された貫通接触穴24を介して電気的に接続されてもよい。
〔6〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、複数の磁性線21を構成する磁性材料は、正の熱電能を持ち、複数の逆磁性線27を構成する磁性材料は、負の熱電能を持ってもよい。
〔7〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、記複数の磁性線21を構成する磁性材料は、負の熱電能を持ち、複数の逆磁性線27を構成する磁性材料は、正の熱電能を持ってもよい。
〔8〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、好ましくは、複数の磁性線21の間隔は、磁性線21の長さ又は幅の少なくとも一方よりも狭いとよい。
〔9〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、好ましくは、複数の磁性線21を構成する磁性材料は、Fe-Al、Fe-Ga、Fe-Sn、Fe-Pt、Mn-Ga、Mn-Ge、Mn-Sn、Ni-Pt、Co-Gd、Fe4N、Mn3AN(A=Mn、Pt、又はNi)、Co2YZ(Y=Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Z=Ga、Ge、Al、Si、Sn、又はSb)ホイスラー合金、Sm-Co永久磁石材料、Nd-Fe-B永久磁石材料、又はGaMnAsの何れか1種類であるとよい。
〔10〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、好ましくは、絶縁膜22を構成する絶縁材料は、MgO、Si-O、Si-N、Al-O、Al-N、BN、又はCの何れか1種類であるとよい。
〔11〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、基板20を構成する材料は、好ましくは、絶縁材料として、MgO、熱酸化膜付きシリコン、Si-O、Si-N、Al-O、Al-N、SiC、サファイア、ガラス、ポリイミド、ポリエチレンナフタレート、又はダイヤモンドの何れか1種であり、あるいは、絶縁材料での被覆された導電性材料として、シリコン、Cu、Ag、Au、Al、Rh、W、Mo、Pt、又はPdの何れか1種類であるとよい。
〔12〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、好ましくは、上記熱電発電デバイスが熱流センサに用いられる場合においては、磁性線21は薄膜細線形状であり、幅Wが10nm~1mm、厚さTが1nm~100μm、長さLが1μm~10cmであるとよい。
〔13〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、好ましくは、上記熱電発電デバイスが熱電発電モデュールに用いられる場合においては、磁性線21は棒材形状であり、幅Wが10μm~5mm、厚さTが10μm~1cm、長さLが1mm~100cmであるとよい。
〔14〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、好ましくは、絶縁膜22の膜厚は、1nm~1cmであるとよい。
〔15〕本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、好ましくは、基板20の膜厚は、3μm~3mmであるとよい。
本発明の熱電発電デバイスにおいて、好ましくは、〔4〕のように、磁性線21の磁性材料と逆符号の熱電能を持つ磁性材料である逆磁性線27を用いると、非磁性線23の場合と比較して、熱流センサの場合はその感度、発電モデュールの場合はその発電性能を更に高めることができる。
(1)ネルンスト効果(Nernst effect)
ネルンスト効果とは、温度勾配があって熱が流れている導体(金属または半導体)に,熱流の方向(ΔTz)に垂直な方向(My)に磁場を作用させると,両者に垂直な方向(Vx)に電位差を生ずる現象をいう。ここで、座標系Vx、My、ΔTzは図3(A)に示すような座標系としている。
(2)異常ネルンスト効果(anomalous Nernst effect:ANE)
異常ネルンスト効果とは、自発磁化を持つ金属または半導体に、自発磁化と垂直方向に温度差があると、それらの外積方向に電位差が生じる現象である。このため、異常ネルンスト効果を利用すると、例えば、My方向に磁化を持つ強磁性体に、ΔTz方向に面直熱勾配を加えるだけでMy面内方向で電圧が得られ、Vx方向の距離を稼ぐだけで簡便に大電圧を得ることができる。また、異常ネルンスト効果は、自発磁化の向きによって電流が流れる方向が異なる、性能指数に対する発電効率はゼーベック効果よりも高い、出力電圧は温度差と直交する方向の長さに比例するため、温度差を自由に設計できる、通常のネルンスト効果と比較して、残留磁化を利用すれば磁場を印加する必要がない、という特徴を有している。
(3)ゼーベック効果(Seebeck effect)は、金属や半導体の温度差が電圧に直接変換される現象で、熱電効果の一種である。キャリアが電子かホールかによってゼーベック係数の符号が異なるという特徴を有している。
なお数値範囲を示す『~』については、下限値と上限値の間の数値範囲を示すもので、本明細書においては、特に明記する場合を除いて、下限値以上で上限値以下の範囲を表すものとする。
図1において、熱電発電デバイス18は、基板20、複数の磁性線21、絶縁膜22、複数の非磁性線23、及び貫通接触穴24を備えている。本発明は、複数の磁性線21が、複数の非磁性線23を介して直列接続される構造(熱電対列構造)を有する。
基板20は、電気的な絶縁性を持つか絶縁体で被覆された導電性材料よりなる。基板20を構成する材料は、熱伝導率が高いものが好ましく、例えばMgO基板が好ましいが、MgO基板に限定されるものではなく、熱酸化膜付きシリコン、Si-O、Si-N、Al-O、Al-N、SiC、サファイア、ガラス、ポリイミド、ポリエチレンナフタレート、又はダイヤモンドの何れか1種類であってもよい。あるいは、絶縁材料での被覆された導電性材料として、シリコン、Cu、Ag、Au、Al、Rh、W、Mo、Pt、Pd箔などを用いると、また柔軟性のある基板が得られる。
基板20の膜厚は、1μm~1mであるとよい。好ましくは、基板20の膜厚は、好適範囲としては3μm~3mm、最適範囲として5μm~1mmであるとよい。
複数の磁性線21の間隔は、出力電圧の観点から、磁性線21の長さ又は幅の少なくとも一方よりも狭いとよい。
非磁性線23aは、その配列方向の両端において、複数の磁性線21のうちの隣接する第1及び第2磁性線21a,21bをつなぐ構造を持つ。
非磁性線23aは、第1及び第2磁性線21a,21bの電気抵抗に比べて無視されるほど小さい電気抵抗を持つとともに、第1及び第2磁性線21a,21bとの間に磁性線部分の抵抗に比べて小さい電気的な接触抵抗をもつことが望ましい。
非磁性材料は、電気伝導性がある全ての材料を用いることができるが、電気伝導性が高い材料が好ましく、Cu、Ag、Au、Al、Rh、W、Mo、Pt、Pdおよびこれらを含む合金材料などが望ましい。
貫通接触穴24は、典型的には、絶縁膜22における磁性線21aの配列方向の両方の端部近傍部位に設けられるものであり、絶縁膜22の一方の面に位置する第1磁性線21aの端部近傍部位と、絶縁膜22の他方の面に位置する非磁性線23aの端部近傍部位とが接続されるように、絶縁膜22を貫通する形状を有する。
斜め縦縞状に配置された複数の非磁性線23は、第1磁性線21aと隣接して配置された第2磁性線21bについて、貫通接触穴24を介して非磁性線23aの両方の端部により直列接続される構造を備えることができる。
隣接する第1及び第2磁性線21a,21bを接続する非磁性線23aの配列方向の両端部は、それぞれ、第1磁性線21aの配列方向の一方の端部と、第2磁性線21bの配列方向の他方の端部と、導体材料で充填された貫通接触穴24を介して電気的に接続されてもよい。
絶縁膜22の膜厚が薄い場合は、貫通接触穴24は、磁性線21aの端部と非磁性線23aの端部とが、屈曲して直接接触して導電性を獲得するものでもよい。また絶縁膜22の膜厚が厚い場合は、貫通接触穴24が銀ペーストのような導体材料で充填されていることで、第1磁性線21aの端部と非磁性線23aの端部の対向面を電気的に接続してもよい。
好ましくは、熱流センサにおいては、磁性線21の幅W、厚さT、長さLが、好適範囲としては1μm~1mm、10nm~10μm、100μm~5cm、最適範囲としては、10μm~500μm、100nm~5μm、1mm~3cmであるとよい。
好ましくは、熱電発電モデュールにおいては、磁性線21の幅W、厚さT、長さLが、好適範囲としては100μm~3mm、100μm~5mm、3mm~50cm、最適範囲としては、300μm~2mm、500μm~3mm、5mm~30cmであるとよい。
本実施形態においては、熱電発電デバイス18での非磁性線23aに代えて、磁性線21の磁性材料と逆符号の熱電能を持つ磁性材料に置き換えた逆磁性線27を有する熱電発電デバイス19を示している。
このとき、磁性線21が正の熱電能を持つ材料として、Fe-Al、Fe-Ga、Fe-Sn、Fe-Pt、Mn-Sn、Fe4N、Mn3AN(A=Mn、Pt、又はNi)又はCo2YZ(Y=Ti、V、Cr、Mn、又はFe;Z=Ga、Ge、Al、Si、Sn、又はSb)ホイスラー合金、Sm-Co永久磁石材料の何れかである場合は、逆磁性線27は、負の熱電材料を持つ材料として、Mn-Ga、Mn-Ge、Nd-Fe-B永久磁石材料、又はGaMnAsの何れか1種類であるとよい。
このとき、磁性線21が負の熱電能を持つ材料として、Mn-Ga、Mn-Ge、又はNd-Fe-B永久磁石材料の何れかである場合は、逆磁性線27が正の熱電材料を持つ材料として、Fe-Al、Fe-Ga、Fe-Sn、Fe-Pt、Mn-Sn、Co2YZ(Y=Ti、V、Cr、Mn、又はFe;Z=Ga、Ge、Al、Si、Sn、又はSb)ホイスラー合金、Sm-Co永久磁石材料の何れか1種類であるとよい。
基板20は、磁性線21、絶縁膜22、逆磁性線27の積層体を保持する機械的な耐久性があって、該積層体と熱的に接触していると共に、貫通接触穴24は、絶縁膜22の一方の面に位置する磁性線の端部近傍部位と、絶縁膜22の他方の面に位置する非磁性線の端部近傍部位とが接続されるように絶縁膜22を貫通する。複数の逆磁性線27は、典型的には、第1磁性線21aと隣接して配置された第2磁性線21bについて、貫通接触穴24を介して逆磁性線27aの配列方向の両端部により直列接続されるように配置される。
図3に示すように、従来の熱電発電デバイス10は、基板11と発電体12と接続体13とを有している。
発電体12は、基板11の表面に沿って互いに平行(Vx)に配置された複数の細線12aから成っている。各細線12aは、高磁気異方性を有するL10型規則合金の強磁性体から成り、同じ方向(My)に磁化している。図3(A)および(B)に示す具体的な一例では、各細線12aは、基板11上に成膜したFePt薄膜を細線化して形成され、幅方向に磁化している(My)。発電体12は、異常ネルンスト効果により、磁化の方向に対して垂直の方向の温度差(ΔTz)で発電するよう構成されている。
図3(B)に示す具体的な一例では、基板の大きさは、10mm×10mmで、発電体12の細線12aの数は、60本である。
熱電発電デバイス10は、異常ネルンスト効果を利用することにより、電位差が温度差と垂直の方向に発生するため、ゼーベック効果を利用したものと比べて、単純な構造で構成することができるため、比較的容易に作製することができ、大面積を利用した発電デバイスを実現することもできる。しかし、比較例で示す、従来の異常ネルンスト効果の熱電能を用いた熱電発電デバイスでは、熱電対列で正負の大きな熱電能を持つ2種類の磁性材料を利用するか、磁化反転制御により隣接する磁性線の磁化が逆方向に向くように制御を加える必要があり、その作製は容易ではないという課題がある。
ここでは、基板20は厚さ500μmの熱酸化膜付きシリコン、磁性線21には厚さ30nm、幅200μm、長さ6mmのFe72Ga28、絶縁膜22として300nmのSiO2、非磁性線23として厚さ350nm、幅40μmのCuを用い、20本のFe72Ga28線が直列につながるようにフォトリソグラフィーを用いてパターニングを行いサンプルを作製した。
図4(B)は、熱流束密度(W/m2)に対するサンプルの異常ネルンスト効果による電圧シグナル(mV)である。その結果、0.027μV/(W・m-2)の感度を実現し、20本のFe72Ga28の直列接続が構築され、高い感度が得られていることが確認された。なお、貫通接触穴24の内径は160μmとしている。
図5は、本発明の実施例1として作製した30mm角サイズの熱流センサの外観写真(A)とその性能評価結果(B)を示す。
実施例1では、基板20は厚さ500μmの熱酸化膜付きシリコン、磁性線21aには厚さ200nm、幅180μm、長さ30mmのFe72Ga28、絶縁膜22として200nmのSiO2、非磁性線23aとして厚さ100nm、幅110μmのAuを用い、150本のFe72Ga28線が直列につながるようにフォトリソグラフィーを用いてパターニングを行ってサンプルを作製した。尚、ここでは非磁性線23aを磁性線21aに対して平行に配置した。
図5(B)は、作製したサンプルに与えた熱流束密度(W/m2)に対するサンプルの異常ネルンスト効果による電圧シグナル(mV)を示したグラフである。
その結果、外部磁場を印加した飽和状態で測定した場合では(図中、丸印で表記)1.226μV/(W・m-2)、外部磁場がない残留磁化状態で測定した場合では(図中、四角印で表記)1.001μV/(W・m-2)の感度を実現し、150本のFe72Ga28の直列接続が構築され、非特許文献1で報告される感度0.04μV/(W・m-2)のおよそ25~30倍の高い感度が得られていることが確認された。
図6(C)は、発電モデュールの上下Al-N基板に与えた温度差dTに対する外部磁場がない残留磁化状態での最大発電量Pmaxを示す。module1、module2は測定装置に対して面内方向で90°回転させてセットした測定結果を表し、1st、2nd、3rdは同じ条件で繰り返し測定した結果を示している。65Kの温度差をモデュールに印加の際には出力電圧25mV、発電量56μW,47Kの温度差をモデュールに印加際には出力電圧18mV、発電量30μWを観測し、本発明が熱電発電モデュールに利用できることを示された。
そこで、本発明の熱電発電デバイスは、例えば、体温と外界温度との差を利用して発電するスーツや鞄、時計、温泉の配管を利用した発電装置、パソコンの廃熱を利用した自発発電リサイクルシステムなどに利用することができる。
11 基板
12 発電体
12a 発電体細線
13 接続体
13a 接続体細線
18、19 熱電発電デバイス
20 基板(基材)
21 複数の磁性線
21a 第1磁性線
21b 第1磁性線21aに隣接して配置された第2磁性線
22 絶縁膜
23 複数の非磁性線
23a 非磁性線
24 貫通接触穴
26 磁性材料の異常ネルンスト電界の方向
27 複数の逆磁性線
27a 逆磁性線
28 逆磁性材料の異常ネルンスト電界の方向
Claims (15)
- 絶縁材料よりなる絶縁膜と、
異常ネルンスト効果による熱電能の大きな単一の磁性材料よりなり、前記絶縁膜の一方の面に並列に配置された薄膜細線形状又は棒材形状の複数の磁性線と、
非磁性材料よりなり、前記絶縁膜の他方の面に前記複数の磁性線の配列方向に対して平行又は斜めに並列に配置された、薄膜細線形状又は棒材形状の複数の非磁性線と、
前記複数の磁性線のうち隣接する第1磁性線及び第2磁性線を、前記複数の非磁性線のうちの1つを介して直列接続可能なように、前記絶縁膜を貫通し前記複数の磁性線と前記複数の非磁性線を電気的に接続する貫通接触穴と、
絶縁材料、又は絶縁材料で被覆された導電性材料よりなり、前記複数の磁性線、前記絶縁膜、及び前記複数の非磁性線の積層体を保持し、前記積層体と熱的に接触している基板と、
を備える、熱電発電デバイス。 - 前記隣接する第1及び第2磁性線を接続する非磁性線の配列方向の両端部は、それぞれ、前記第1磁性線の配列方向の一方の端部と、前記第2磁性線の配列方向の他方の端部と、導体材料で充填された前記貫通接触穴を介して電気的に接続される請求項1に記載の熱電発電デバイス。
- 前記非磁性材料は、Cu、Ag、Au、Al、Rh、W、Mo、Pt、Pdおよびこれらを含む合金材料の何れか1種類である請求項1又は2に記載の熱電発電デバイス。
- 絶縁材料よりなる絶縁膜と、
異常ネルンスト効果による熱電能の大きな単一の磁性材料よりなり、前記絶縁膜の一方の面に並列に配置された薄膜細線形状又は棒材形状の複数の磁性線と、
前記複数の磁性線を構成する磁性材料と逆符号の熱電能を持つ磁性材料よりなり、前記絶縁膜の他方の面に前記複数の磁性線の配列方向に対して平行又は斜めに並列に配置された、薄膜細線形状又は棒材形状の複数の逆磁性線と、
前記複数の磁性線のうち隣接する第1磁性線及び第2磁性線を、前記複数の逆磁性線のうちの1つを介して直列接続可能なように、前記絶縁膜を貫通し前記複数の磁性線と前記複数の逆磁性線を電気的に接続する貫通接触穴と、
絶縁材料、又は絶縁材料で被覆された導電性材料よりなり、前記複数の磁性線、前記絶縁膜、及び前記複数の逆磁性線の積層体を保持し、前記積層体と熱的に接触している基板と、
を備える、熱電発電デバイス。 - 前記隣接する第1及び第2磁性線を接続する逆磁性線の配列方向の両端部は、それぞれ、前記第1磁性線の配列方向の一方の端部と、前記第2磁性線の配列方向の他方の端部と、導体材料で充填された前記貫通接触穴を介して電気的に接続される請求項4に記載の熱電発電デバイス。
- 前記複数の磁性線を構成する磁性材料は、正の熱電能を持ち、
前記複数の逆磁性線を構成する磁性材料は、負の熱電能を持つ請求項4又は5に記載の熱電発電デバイス。 - 前記複数の磁性線を構成する磁性材料は、負の熱電能を持ち、
前記複数の逆磁性線を構成する磁性材料は、正の熱電能を持つ請求項4又は5に記載の熱電発電デバイス。 - 前記複数の磁性線の間隔は、前記磁性線の長さ又は幅の少なくとも一方よりも狭い請求項1乃至7の何れか1項に記載の熱電発電デバイス。
- 前記複数の磁性線の磁性材料は、Fe-Al、Fe-Ga、Fe-Sn、Fe-Pt、Mn-Ga、Mn-Ge、Mn-Sn、Ni-Pt、Co-Gd、Fe4N、Mn3AN(A=Mn、Pt、又はNi)、Co2YZ(Y=Ti、V、Cr、Mn、又はFe;Z=Ga、Ge、Al、Si、Sn、又はSb)ホイスラー合金、Sm-Co永久磁石材料、Nd-Fe-B永久磁石材料、又はGaMnAsの何れか1種類である請求項1乃至8の何れか1項に記載の熱電発電デバイス。
- 前記絶縁膜を構成する絶縁材料は、MgO、Si-O、Si-N、Al-O、Al-N、BN、又はCの何れか1種類である請求項1乃至9の何れか1項に記載の熱電発電デバイス。
- 前記基板を構成する材料は、好ましくは、絶縁材料として、MgO、熱酸化膜付きシリコン、Si-O、Si-N、Al-O、Al-N、SiC、サファイア、ガラス、ポリイミド、ポリエチレンナフタレート、又はダイヤモンドの何れか1種類であり、あるいは、絶縁材料で被覆された導電性材料として、シリコン、Cu、Ag、Au、Al、Rh、W、Mo、Pt、又はPdの何れか1種類である請求項1乃至10の何れか1項に記載の熱電発電デバイス。
- 前記熱電発電デバイスが熱流センサに用いられる場合においては、前記複数の磁性線は薄膜細線形状であり、幅Wが10nm~1mm、厚さTが1nm~100μm、長さLが1μm~10cmである請求項1乃至11の何れか1項に記載の熱電発電デバイス。
- 前記熱電発電デバイスが熱電発電モデュールに用いられる場合においては、前記複数の磁性線は棒材形状であり、幅Wが10μm~5mm、厚さTが10μm~1cm、長さLが1mm~100cmである請求項1乃至12の何れか1項に記載の熱電発電デバイス。
- 前記絶縁膜の膜厚は、1nm~1cmである請求項1乃至13の何れか1項に記載の熱電発電デバイス。
- 前記基板の厚さは、3μm~3mmである請求項1乃至14の何れか1項に記載の熱電発電デバイス。
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