WO2022257590A1 - 一种温室太阳能集热系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种温室太阳能集热系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022257590A1
WO2022257590A1 PCT/CN2022/086251 CN2022086251W WO2022257590A1 WO 2022257590 A1 WO2022257590 A1 WO 2022257590A1 CN 2022086251 W CN2022086251 W CN 2022086251W WO 2022257590 A1 WO2022257590 A1 WO 2022257590A1
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Prior art keywords
heat exchange
greenhouse
exchange tube
heat
working medium
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PCT/CN2022/086251
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张川
倪雨欣
闫浩芳
张文程
周俊安
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
    • A01G9/243—Collecting solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/20—Working fluids specially adapted for solar heat collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/30—Arrangements for connecting the fluid circuits of solar collectors with each other or with other components, e.g. pipe connections; Fluid distributing means, e.g. headers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/70—Sealing means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of solar energy utilization, and in particular relates to a solar heat collection system and method arranged on the roof of a greenhouse.
  • the ways of using solar energy in greenhouses have gradually increased.
  • the first way is: solar equipment is arranged in the open space outside the greenhouse, occupying a large amount of land area, and increasing the heat source transmission distance; Membrane solar vacuum tube collectors are arranged on the back roof, which is easy to damage the waterproofing of the back wall and the back roof. At the same time, it exceeds the height of the ridge of the greenhouse, causing shade to other greenhouses, widening the distance between the greenhouses, and reducing land utilization. At the same time, tube explosion will occur; the third method is: use a coated flat-plate solar collector and arrange it on the back wall of the greenhouse. The gradient changes greatly and changes with the sun's altitude angle.
  • the back wall of the greenhouse has no light for a period of time during the day, and the growth of plants in the greenhouse will cause shade to the back wall of the greenhouse, which affects the heat collection performance;
  • the fourth method is: place solar panels in the greenhouse
  • the air collector uses air as the working medium.
  • the specific heat capacity of the air is small, it is not easy to keep warm, it is easily affected by the outdoor environment, and the heat collection performance is poor;
  • the fifth way is to arrange the solar photovoltaic panels on the roof of the greenhouse. It can reduce the high temperature in summer, but it will shade the greenhouse and affect the photosynthesis of crops.
  • ground source heat pump technology in a greenhouse requires burying the entire piping system inside the soil. An average depth of 30 to 60 centimeters of earth needs to be excavated under or outside the greenhouse. Once the greenhouse occupies a large area, the construction earthwork of the greenhouse will be doubled and the project cost will be increased. In addition, if the pipeline system fails in the later stage, the entire pipeline system needs to be dug out for repair and replacement, and repeated land construction projects are time-consuming, laborious and costly, which is not conducive to the promotion of ground source heat pump technology in greenhouses.
  • the present invention provides a system in which double-layer glass panels are installed on the roof of the greenhouse for heat collection, which can save a large amount of land area, has good light transmittance, and does not affect the heat collection of solar energy.
  • Photosynthesis of crops at the same time, the heat exchange between the working medium and the soil can be realized by setting the sleeve assembly, which makes full use of solar energy resources and improves the growth rate of crops.
  • the present invention achieves the above-mentioned technical purpose through the following technical means.
  • a solar heat collection system for a greenhouse including glass plates, pipes and heat exchange sleeve assemblies; a double-layer glass plate with a certain inclination angle is arranged above the greenhouse, and the working medium flows from between the glass plates to the pipe, and the pipe passes through the tee
  • the valves are respectively connected with the heat exchange sleeve assembly and the external pipe of the greenhouse; the heat exchange sleeve assembly is arranged in the soil.
  • the heat exchange sleeve assembly includes a heat exchange tube top cover, a heat exchange tube outer sleeve, a heat exchange tube inner sleeve and a flow guide baffle; several round through holes are opened on the flow guide baffle,
  • the deflector baffle is installed in the outer casing of the heat exchange tube, the top cover of the heat exchange tube is threadedly connected with the outer casing of the heat exchange tube, the top cover of the heat exchange tube is integrally structured with the inner casing of the heat exchange tube, and the heat
  • the inner casing of the exchange tube extends through the guide baffle to the bottom of the outer casing of the heat exchange tube, and the top cover of the heat exchange tube is provided with a working fluid inlet and a working fluid outlet; the working fluid inlet and the inner casing of the heat exchange tube connected, and the outlet of the working medium is connected with the outer casing of the heat exchange tube.
  • quick connectors are provided at the working fluid inlet and working fluid outlet; one end of the two quick connectors communicates with the working fluid inlet and the working fluid outlet respectively, and the other end communicates with the conduit respectively.
  • the inner sleeve of the heat exchange tube is clamped on the flow guide baffle, the inner sleeve of the heat exchange tube is a hollow tube; the lower end of the outer sleeve of the heat exchange tube is a circular slowly changing section.
  • heat exchange tube top cover is also provided with handles and bolts, and the heat exchange tube top cover and the heat exchange tube outer casing are sealed by a sealing ring.
  • a group of said heat exchange sleeve assemblies are arranged vertically or horizontally.
  • the working medium is pumped into the pipeline through the water pump and flows through the glass plate and enters the heat exchange sleeve assembly through the pipeline to keep the soil warm or enter the pipeline outside the greenhouse to cool the air in the greenhouse; several ultraviolet lamps are installed in the pipeline , to remove spores in the piping system and prevent moss from occurring in the double-layer glass panels.
  • the angle of the glass plate relative to the ground plane is adjustable.
  • the method of the greenhouse solar heat collection system including The following pattern:
  • the pipe When it is necessary to heat the greenhouse in winter, adjust the three-way valve, the pipe is connected with the heat exchange sleeve assembly in the greenhouse, and the flowing working fluid in the heat exchange sleeve assembly releases heat to the soil, and the soil layer stores heat to provide for the growth of crop roots.
  • the required heat is exchanged for the soil in the greenhouse, the temperature of the working fluid flowing out of the heat exchange sleeve assembly is reduced, and then the solar heat collection is realized through the water pump-soil heat storage cycle;
  • the working fluid enters the inner casing of the heat exchange tube through the quick joint provided at the inlet of the working fluid through the pipeline, flows into the inner side of the outer casing of the heat exchange tube, and flows into the The working fluid outlet flows from the working fluid outlet to the next working fluid inlet through the quick connector through the conduit.
  • the present invention applies solar heat collection technology to the greenhouse to realize heating in autumn and winter and cooling in summer, reducing the cost of auxiliary heating in autumn and winter and cooling in summer. There is no shading phenomenon during the day, it will not affect the photosynthesis of crops, it has good heat collection performance, and it will not occupy limited land resources.
  • the heat storage in the soil layer adopts a new casing device, which only needs to drill out the position of the outer casing of the heat exchange tube with an earth drill, insert the outer casing directly into the soil, and connect the inner casing and the end cover through threads to avoid a large amount of Earthwork construction; if maintenance is needed in the later stage, it only needs to be disassembled and replaced through the top cover thread of the heat exchange tube, basically no need to break the ground, avoiding a large amount of earthwork construction, convenient installation and later maintenance, and saving the construction and maintenance costs of the geothermal exchange system. It has important promotional significance.
  • the present invention aims at the problem that the high temperature often occurs in the daytime greenhouse in summer, which causes curling and curling of crop leaves due to high temperature burning, and combines solar energy with the greenhouse structure to maintain the daytime room temperature in a suitable range in summer and at the same time promote crop growth. photosynthesis.
  • the system of the present invention can realize the transfer of part of the excess energy to the soil, and directly provide it to the root system of crops to meet its growth needs, realize the warming effect of the soil in winter, improve the heat utilization rate of solar energy in the greenhouse, and reduce the The heating cost of greenhouse operation is of great significance for energy saving and emission reduction.
  • the external thread structure inside the casing of the outer layer of the heat exchange tube increases the flow length of the working medium water in the casing, thereby making more effective use of solar heat; in addition, the casing components are vertically arranged and connected by sockets, which can reduce earthwork The workload of the construction is convenient for later maintenance and replacement.
  • the lower end of the outer casing of the heat exchange tube is a circular slow-changing section, which is not only convenient for insertion into the soil, but also allows the working fluid to gradually flow through the lower end of the heat exchange tube to enhance heat transfer. Effect.
  • the flow time of the working fluid in the outer casing of the heat exchange tube can be increased by setting the guide baffle, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the working fluid.
  • Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the working fluid circulation system of solar heat collecting on the roof of the greenhouse involved in the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is three views of the greenhouse roof double-layer transparent glass plate involved in Fig. 1 of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of solar radiation on a greenhouse roof (with an angle of inclination);
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a heat exchange tube unit
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the three-dimensional structure of the heat exchange tube unit in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inner casing and the top cover (integrated) of the heat exchange tube;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the inner sleeve and the top cover (integrated) of the heat exchange tube in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer casing of the heat exchange tube
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the outer casing of the heat exchange tube in Fig. 8;
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the connection mode between the inner casing of the heat exchange tube and the quick connector
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the connection mode between the outer casing of the heat exchange tube and the quick connector
  • Figure 12 is a schematic structural view of the quick connector.
  • Double-layer transparent glass plates 2 arranged up and down are arranged on the roof, and the flow channel of the working fluid 15 is between the two glass plates 2 to prevent shading.
  • the glass plate 2 runs east-west, and is set at a certain angle with the horizontal plane to absorb as much solar radiation as possible. Set up a cooling system under the greenhouse soil layer.
  • the working medium 15 is sent to the roof double-layer glass plate 2 through the water pump 8 during work, so that the working medium 15 passes through the entire roof, absorbs solar radiation, and takes away excess heat, and the temperature of the working medium 15 rises from the roof
  • the double-layer glass plate 2 flows out, it enters the soil heat dissipation system;
  • the sleeve assembly 6 used in the soil layer is in the form of upper and lower sleeves, which is convenient for installation and later maintenance, and the pipes are compact, and more pipes can be accommodated under the same land area. It is very large, and the heat storage capacity can be increased under the same working conditions.
  • the working fluid flows through the soil cooling system, it convects heat to the soil through the pipe wall, stores heat in the soil layer, provides the heat needed for the growth of crop roots, and warms the greenhouse soil, and the temperature of the working fluid flowing out of the soil cooling system decreases. , and then through the water pump to realize solar heat collection-soil heat storage cycle; when the temperature is too high in summer, adjust the valve, the heat collection device is connected to the soil pipe outside the greenhouse for heat dissipation, and the excessive heat is absorbed through the flow of working fluid on the roof, and then Reduce the air temperature in the greenhouse.
  • the solar radiation reaches the roof glass plate 2 with an inclination angle, and heats the working medium between the double-layer glass plates to complete the solar heat collection process.
  • the working medium flows out from the roof and enters the pipeline 3, and two ultraviolet lamps 4 are arranged inside the pipelines on the east and west sides of the greenhouse to prevent algae spores from growing in the system.
  • the working medium 15 flowing in the casing assembly 6 releases heat to the soil 7, and the soil layer stores heat and provides it to the crops.
  • the heat required for root growth is used to heat the greenhouse soil, and the temperature of the working medium flowing out from the sleeve assembly 6 is lowered, and then the solar heat collection-soil heat storage cycle is realized through the water pump 8; the working medium 15 is water.
  • the solar radiation on the circumscribed plane of the atmosphere is affected by the mass m of the atmosphere and the transparency P of the atmosphere, and will attenuate during the radiation process, so that the direct solar radiation intensity reaching the ground is 11, and the incident sunlight on the inclined surface of the glass plate Angle 13, angle 14 between the inclined surface of the glass plate and the horizontal plane; obtain the normal radiation intensity on the inclined surface 10 on the upper surface of the glass plate, that is, the direct solar radiation intensity 12 on the inclined surface of the glass plate.
  • the heat exchange tubes are vertically arranged and arranged about 100 cm below the surface of the greenhouse.
  • the working medium 15 enters the working medium inlet 16 of the heat exchange tubes and flows downward along the inner casing 21 of the heat exchange tubes. After reaching the lowermost circular slow-changing channel of the heat exchange tube outer casing 20, the working medium flows upward along the outer heat exchange tube outer casing 20, and at the same time the working medium 15 releases heat to the soil 7, and the working fluid 15 releases heat from the working medium of the heat exchange tube.
  • the mass outlet 17 flows out and enters the next heat exchange tube unit; the present invention is not limited to the vertical arrangement of the heat exchange sleeves, and the horizontal arrangement of the heat exchange sleeves or other suitable methods can also be realized through reasonable layout and setting.
  • the heat exchange tube top cover 19 and the heat exchange tube inner layer sleeve 21 are designed as one, and only the position of the heat exchange tube outer layer sleeve 20 needs to be drilled, and the heat exchange tube outer layer sleeve 20 Directly inserted into the soil, the heat exchange tube inner casing 21 and the heat exchange tube top cover 19 are integrally connected by threads to avoid a large amount of earthwork construction. If repairs are required later, only the heat exchange tube top cover 19 threads are used for disassembly and maintenance. There is basically no need to dig out the pipes, saving the maintenance cost of the greenhouse system.
  • the outer casing 20 of the heat exchange tube and the inner casing 21 of the heat exchange tube are connected and fixed through the threads 22 and 24 on the top cover 19 of the outer pipe and the heat exchange tube.
  • the hexagonal protrusion 18 above the top cover serves as a fulcrum for unscrewing the thread during later maintenance.
  • There is a handle 27 above the top cover which is convenient to unscrew the screw thread and bring out the top cover and the inner sleeve pipe as a whole.
  • a sealing ring 25 is installed on the upper end of the heat exchange tube top cover 19 internal thread 24 to ensure the airtight and waterproof effect of the heat exchange tube.
  • the flow guide baffle 23 provided in the outer layer casing 20 of the heat exchange tube can increase the disturbance of the working medium 15 in the circular cross-section flow channel and improve the heat exchange effect; in addition, the outer layer of the heat exchange tube
  • the inner surface of the sleeve 20 can be set in a spiral structure to increase the flow time of the working fluid.
  • the lower part of the outer sleeve 20 of the heat exchange tube is designed as a circular slow-changing section, which is not only convenient for insertion into the soil, but also allows the working fluid to flow through the heat gradually.
  • the lower end of the outer casing 20 of the exchange tube enhances the heat exchange effect.
  • the working medium outlet 17 of the previous heat exchange tube is connected to the water pipe through the quick joint 26, and then connected to the quick joint 26 of the next heat exchange pipe mouth, and flows through the working medium inlet 16 into the heat exchange tube layer casing 21.
  • the inside of the quick joint 26 is hollow, and the water pipe can be directly inserted into the quick joint.
  • the quick connector is high pressure resistant, corrosion resistant, non-tripping, good sealing, easy to install and replace, and is suitable for connecting heat exchange tubes.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种温室太阳能集热系统及方法，涉及太阳能领域，包括玻璃板、管道和套管组件；温室上方设置有一定倾斜角度的双层玻璃板，工质从玻璃板之间流动到管道，所述管道通过三通阀分别与热交换套管组件和温室外接管道连接；所述热交换套管组件设置在土壤内。本发明可节省大量土地面积，具有良好的透光率，在进行太阳能集热的同时不影响作物光合作用；同时，通过设置热交换套管组件可实现工质对土壤的换热，充分利用了太阳能资源，降低温室夏季与冬季的运行成本。

Description

一种温室太阳能集热系统及方法 技术领域
本发明属于太阳能利用领域，尤其涉及到一种布置在温室屋顶的太阳能集热系统及方法。
背景技术
近年来，温室利用太阳能的方式逐渐增多，其中，方式一是：太阳能设备布置在温室外的空地上，占用大量的土地面积，增加热源输送距离；方式二是：采用吸热面镀有蓝钛膜的太阳能真空管集热器，布置在后屋面上，容易破坏后墙和后屋面的防水，同时超出温室屋脊高度，对其它温室造成遮荫，拉大温室之间的间距，降低土地利用率，同时会发生炸管的情况；方式三是：采用带有涂层的平板型太阳能集热器，布置在温室后墙上，需要增加墙体厚度，占用有限的土地面积，且使温室前后温度分布梯度变化大，随太阳高度角变化，温室后墙在白天存在一段时间无光照，并且温室内植株的生长会对温室后墙造成遮荫，影响集热性能；方式四是：在温室放置太阳能平板空气集热器，采用空气作为工质，空气的比热容较小，不易保温，易受室外环境影响，集热性能较差；方式五是：将太阳能光伏电池板布置在温室屋顶，这种方式也可以降低夏季高温，却对温室内造成遮荫，影响作物光合作用。
在温室利用地源热泵技术，需要将整个管道系统埋在土壤内部。温室下方或外部平均需挖30～60厘米深度的土方，一旦温室占地面积较大，将会成倍增加温室的施工土方量，增加工程费用。此外，如果后期管道系统出现故障，需要施工将整个管道系统挖出进行维修和更换，重复进行土地施工工程，既费时费力又浪费资金，不利于地源热泵技术在温室的推广。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在不足，本发明提供了一种在温室屋顶设置双层玻璃板进行集热的系统，可节省大量土地面积，具有良好的透光率，在进行太阳能集热的同时不影响作物光合作用；同时，通过设置套管组件可实现工质对土壤的换热，充分利用了太阳能资源，提高了作物的生长速度。
本发明是通过以下技术手段实现上述技术目的的。
一种温室太阳能集热系统，包括玻璃板、管道和热交换套管组件；温室上方设置有一定倾斜角度的双层玻璃板，工质从玻璃板之间流动到管道，所述管道通过三通阀分别与热交换套管组件和温室外接管道连接；所述热交换套管组件设置在土壤内。
进一步的，所述热交换套管组件包括热交换管顶盖、热交换管外层套管、热交换管内层套管和导流挡板；所述导流挡板上开设有数个圆通孔，导流挡板安装在热交换管外层套管内，所述热交换管顶盖与热交换管外层套管螺纹连接，所述热交换管顶盖与热交换管内层套管一 体结构，热交换管内层套管穿过导流挡板延伸到热交换管外层套管底部，所述热交换管顶盖上开设有工质进口和工质出口；工质进口与热交换管内层套管相连通，工质出口与热交换管外层套管相连通。
进一步的，工质进口和工质出口处设置有快速接头；两个所述快速接头的一端分别与工质进口、工质出口连通，另一端分别与导管连通。
进一步的，所述热交换管内层套管卡接在导流挡板上，热交换管内层套管为中空管；所述热交换管外层套管下端为圆形缓变断面。
进一步的，所述热交换管顶盖上还设置有提手和螺栓，所述热交换管顶盖与热交换管外层套管之间通过密封圈密封。
进一步的，数组所述热交换套管组件竖向排列布置或者横向排列布置。
进一步的，所述工质通过水泵泵入到管道并流经玻璃板经管道进入热交换套管组件对土壤进行保温或者进入温室外管道对温室内空气降温；所述管道内安装有数个紫外线灯，去除管路系统中孢子，防止在双层玻璃板中有青苔发生。
进一步的，所述玻璃板相对于地平面的角度可调。
温室太阳能集热系统的方法，光源辐照在带有倾角的屋顶玻璃板上，对双层玻璃板之间的工质进行加热，完成太阳能集热过程，工质从屋顶流出，进入管道；包括如下模式：
当冬季需要对温室进行加温时，调整三通阀，管道与温室内热交换套管组件连通，热交换套管组件内流动工质向土壤放热，土壤层进行蓄热，提供给作物根系生长需要的热量，对温室土壤进行换热，工质从热交换套管组件流出温度降低，再经过水泵实现太阳能集热——土壤蓄热循环；
当夏季温度过高需要对温室降温时，调节三通阀，管道内的工质流入到温室外接土壤管道进行换热，该过程是通过工质在屋顶玻璃板的流动，吸收热量，进而降低温室内空气温度。
进一步的，工质通过管道经设置在工质进口处的快速接头进入热交换管内层套管后，流入到热交换管外层套管内侧四周，并通过导流挡板上的圆通孔流入到工质出口，从工质出口处经快速接头通过导管流入到下一个工质进口。
本发明的有益效果：
1.本发明将太阳能集热技术应用在温室，实现秋冬季供暖，夏季降温，降低温室秋冬季辅助加热和夏季降温成本。白天不存在遮荫现象，不会影响作物进行光合作用，具有良好的集热性能，不会占用有限土地资源。土壤层蓄热采用新型套管装置，只需用土钻钻出热交换管外层套管的位置，将外部套管直接插入土中，内部套管与端盖一体通过螺纹与其连接，避免大量土方施工；后期如果需要维护，只需要通过热交换管顶盖螺纹进行拆卸和更换，基本 不需动土，避免了土方的大量施工，方便安装和后期维护，节约地热交换系统的建造和维护成本，具有重要推广意义。
2.本发明针对夏季昼间温室经常出现高温现象，造成作物叶片因高温灼烧而发生卷曲和蜷缩的问题，将太阳能与温室结构结合起来，使夏季昼间室温维持在适宜范围的同时促进作物光合作用。在冬季，本发明系统可实现将部分多余的能量转移到土壤中，直接提供给作物根系利用，满足其生长需求，实现冬季土壤的增温效果，提高了温室对太阳能的热利用率，降低了温室运行的加热成本，对于节能减排具有重大意义。
3.本系统中采用水作为流动工质，其在相同温度下比热容约是空气的4倍，具有更好的保温性能；并且可以改善夏季中午高温现象，使室内温度处于适宜作物生长的温度范围；采用土壤蓄热提高局部地温，将屋顶收集的热量传输到局部土壤中，供作物根系利用，土壤与外界不直接接触，热量不易散失，提高对太阳能的利用率。
4.热交换管外层套管内部外螺纹结构，增加了工质水在套管内的流动长度，从而更有效的利用了太阳能热量；另外套管组件竖直设置、套接连接，可以减少土方施工的工作量，方便后期维护和更换，同时，热交换管外层套管下端为圆形缓变断面，既方便插入土壤，又可以使工质渐缓流经热交换管下端，增强换热效果。
5.通过设置导流挡板可以增加工质在热交换管外层套管的流动时间，从而提高工质的利用效率。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例涉及到的温室屋顶太阳能集热工质循环系统原理图；
图2是本发明图1中涉及到的温室屋顶双层透明玻璃板三视图；
图3是温室屋顶(带倾角)太阳辐射示意图；
图4是热交换管单元三维结构示意图；
图5为图4的热交换管单元三维结构剖面示意图；
图6是热交换管内部套管和顶盖(一体化)结构示意图；
图7为图6的热交换管内部套管和顶盖(一体化)结构剖面示意图；
图8是热交换管外层套管结构示意图；
图9为图8热交换管外层套管结构剖面示意图；
图10是热交换管内层套管与快速接头的连接方式示意图；
图11为热交换管外层套管与快速接头的连接方式示意图；
图12是快速接头的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1-光源，2-玻璃板，3-管道，4-紫外线灯，5-三通阀，6-热交换套管组件，7-土壤，8-水泵，9-作物，10-玻璃板上表面倾斜面，11-到达地面附近的太阳直接辐射强度，12-玻璃板倾斜面太阳直接辐射强度，13-玻璃板倾斜面上的太阳光入射角，14-玻璃板倾斜面与水平面的夹角，15-工质，16-工质进口，17-工质出口，18-六角形凸起，19-热交换管顶盖，20-热交换管外层套管，21-热交换管内层套管，22-外螺纹，23-导流挡板，24-内螺纹，25-密封圈，26-快速接头，27-提手。
具体实施方式
实施例
在屋顶设置双层上下布置的透明玻璃板2，两块玻璃板2之间为工质15的流动通道，防止遮荫。玻璃板2为东西走向，与水平面设置一定夹角，尽可能吸收较多太阳辐射。在温室土壤层下设置散热系统。以水作为工质，工作时通过水泵8把工质15送到屋顶双层玻璃板2中，使工质15经过整个屋顶，并吸收太阳辐射，带走多余热量，工质15温度上升从屋顶双层玻璃板2流出后进入土壤散热系统；土壤层采用的套管组件6为上下套管形式，便于安装和后期维护，且管道紧凑，相同土地面积下能容纳更多的管道，因土壤热容量很大，在相同工况下可以提高蓄热量。工质在土壤散热系统流过时，通过管壁向土壤对流传热，对土壤层进行蓄热，提供给作物根系生长需要的热量，对温室土壤进行加温，工质从土壤散热系统流出温度降低，再经过水泵实现太阳能集热——土壤蓄热循环；当夏季温度过高，调节阀门，集热装置与温室外土壤管道连接进行散热，通过工质在屋顶的流动，吸收过多热量，进而降低温室内空气温度。
具体的，结合附图1，太阳辐射到达带有倾角的屋顶玻璃板2上，对双层玻璃板之间的工质进行加热，完成太阳能集热过程。工质从屋顶流出，进入管道3，温室东西两侧管道内部共设置2台紫外线灯4，防止藻类孢子在系统内生长。当冬季需要对温室进行加温时，调整三通阀5，与温室内部套管组件6连接，套管组件6内流动的工质15向土壤7放热，土壤层进行蓄热，提供给作物9根系生长需要的热量，对温室土壤进行加温，工质从套管组件6流出温度降低，再经过水泵8实现太阳能集热——土壤蓄热循环；工质15为水。
当夏季温度过高需要对温室降温时，调节三通阀5，使集热装置与温室外土壤管道连接进行散热，通过工质在屋顶玻璃板2的流动，吸收过多热量，进而降低温室内空气温度。
结合附图3，大气层外切平面的太阳辐射受大气质量m与大气透明度P的影响，在辐射过程中会衰减，得到到达地面附近的太阳直接辐射强度11，玻璃板倾斜面上的太阳光入射角 13，玻璃板倾斜面与水平面的夹角14；得到玻璃板上表面倾斜面10上的法向辐射强度，即玻璃板倾斜面太阳直接辐射强度12。
结合附图4和5，热交换管为竖向排列，布置在距离温室地表以下100厘米左右，工质15进入热交换管的工质进口16，沿热交换管内层套管21向下流动，到达热交换管外层套管20最下部圆形缓变流道后，工质沿外部热交换管外层套管20向上流动，同时工质15向土壤7释放热量，从热交换管的工质出口17流出，进入下一个热交换管单元；本发明不限于热交换套管竖向排列，通过合理的布局与设置也可以实现热交换套管横向排列布置或者其它适合的方式。
结合附图6和7，将热交换管顶盖19和热交换管内层套管21设计为一体，只需钻出热交换管外层套管20的位置，将热交换管外层套管20直接插入土中，热交换管内层套管21与热交换管顶盖19一体通过螺纹与其连接，避免大量土方施工，后期如果需要维修，只需要通过热交换管顶盖19螺纹进行拆卸和维护，基本不需要把管道挖出，节约温室系统维护成本。热交换管外层套管20和热交换管内层套管21通过外部管道和热交换管顶盖19上螺纹22，24进行连接固定。顶盖上方六角凸起18，作为后期维护时拧开螺纹的支点。顶盖上方有提手27，方便拧开螺纹后将顶盖和内部套管整个提出来。热交换管顶盖19内螺纹24上端安装密封圈25，保证热交换管的密闭防水效果。
结合附图8和9，热交换管外层套管20内设置的导流挡板23可以增加工质15在圆环形截面流道的扰动，提高换热效果；另外，热交换管外层套管20内侧面可以设置成螺旋结构可增加工质的流动时间，热交换管外层套管20下部设计为圆形缓变断面，既方便插入土壤，又可以使工质渐缓流经热交换管外层套管20下端，增强换热效果。
结合附图10和11，上一个热交换管的工质出口17通过快速接头26与水管连接，再与下一个热交换管口的快速接头26相连接，流经工质进口16进入热交换管内层套管21。
结合附图12，快速接头26内为空心，可以直接将水管插入快速接头内部。快速接头耐高压、抗腐蚀、不脱扣、密封性好、安装和更换方便，适合用来连接热交换管。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下 在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种温室太阳能集热系统，其特征在于，包括玻璃板(2)、管道(3)和热交换套管组件(6)；温室上方设置有一定倾斜角度的双层的玻璃板(2)，工质(15)从玻璃板(2)之间流动到管道(3)，所述管道(3)通过三通阀(5)分别与热交换套管组件(6)和温室外接管道连接；所述热交换套管组件(6)设置在土壤(7)内；需要对温室进行加温时，调整三通阀(5)，管道(3)中工质(15)进入三通阀(5)，三通阀(5)的出口与温室内热交换套管组件(6)连通，热交换套管组件(6)内流动工质(15)向温室内土壤(7)放热，利用地下土壤(7)进行热交换，工质(15)从热交换套管组件(6)流出温度降低；当需要对温室降温时，调节三通阀(5)，管道(3)内的工质(15)流入温室外接管道，向温室外土壤放热。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的温室太阳能集热系统，其特征在于，所述热交换套管组件(6)包括热交换管顶盖(19)、热交换管外层套管(20)、热交换管内层套管(21)和导流挡板(23)；所述导流挡板(23)上开设有数个圆通孔，导流挡板(23)安装在热交换管外层套管(20)内，所述热交换管顶盖(19)与热交换管外层套管(20)螺纹连接，所述热交换管顶盖(19)与热交换管内层套管(21)一体结构，热交换管内层套管(21)穿过导流挡板(23)延伸到热交换管外层套管(20)底部，所述热交换管顶盖(19)上开设有工质进口(16)和工质出口(17)；工质进口(16)与热交换管内层套管(21)相连通，工质出口(17)与热交换管外层套管(20)相连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的温室太阳能集热系统，其特征在于，工质进口(16)和工质出口(17)处设置有快速接头(26)；两个所述快速接头(26)的一端分别与工质进口(16)、工质出口(17)连通，另一端分别与导管连通。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的温室太阳能集热系统，其特征在于，所述热交换管内层套管(21)卡接在导流挡板(23)上，热交换管内层套管(21)为中空管；所述热交换管外层套管(20)下端为圆形缓变断面。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的温室太阳能集热系统，其特征在于，所述热交换管顶盖(19)上还设置有提手(27)和螺栓(18)，所述热交换管顶盖(19)与热交换管外层套管(20)之间通过密封圈(25)密封。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的温室太阳能集热系统，其特征在于，数组所述热交换套管组件(6)竖向排列布置或者横向排列布置。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的温室太阳能集热系统，其特征在于，所述工质(15)通过水泵(8)泵入到管道(3)并流经玻璃板(2)经管道(3)进入热交换套管组件(6)对土壤(7)进行保温或者进入温室外土壤管道对温室内空气降温；所述管道(3)内安装有数个紫外线灯(4)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的温室太阳能集热系统，其特征在于，所述玻璃板(2)相对于地平面的角度可调。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的温室太阳能集热系统的方法，光源(1)辐照在带有倾角的玻璃板(2)上，对玻璃板(2)之间的工质(15)进行加热，完成太阳能集热过程，工质(15)从屋顶流出，进入管道(3)；其特征在于，包括如下模式：
    当冬季需要对温室进行加温时，调整三通阀(5)，管道(3)与温室内热交换套管组件(6)连通，热交换套管组件(6)内流动工质(15)向土壤(7)放热，土壤层进行蓄热，提供给作物(9)根系生长需要的热量，对温室土壤进行加温，工质(15)从热交换套管组件(6)流出温度降低，再经过水泵(8)实现太阳能集热——土壤蓄热循环；
    当夏季温度过高需要对温室降温时，调节三通阀(5)，管道(3)内的工质(15)流入到温室外接管道内，该过程是通过工质(15)在屋顶玻璃板(2)的流动，吸收过多热量，进而降低温室内空气温度。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的温室太阳能集热系统的方法，其特征在于，工质(15)通过管道(3)经设置在工质进口(16)处的快速接头(26)进入热交换管内层套管(21)后，流入到热交换管外层套管(20)内侧四周，并通过导流挡板(23)上的圆通孔流入到工质出口(17)，从工质出口(17)处经快速接头(26)通过导管流入到下一个热交换管的工质进口(16)。
PCT/CN2022/086251 2021-06-09 2022-04-12 一种温室太阳能集热系统及方法 Ceased WO2022257590A1 (zh)

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