WO2022247115A1 - 质心轨迹生成方法、装置、计算机可读存储介质及机器人 - Google Patents
质心轨迹生成方法、装置、计算机可读存储介质及机器人 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022247115A1 WO2022247115A1 PCT/CN2021/125400 CN2021125400W WO2022247115A1 WO 2022247115 A1 WO2022247115 A1 WO 2022247115A1 CN 2021125400 W CN2021125400 W CN 2021125400W WO 2022247115 A1 WO2022247115 A1 WO 2022247115A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1656—Program controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators
- B25J9/1664—Program controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators characterised by motion, path, trajectory planning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D57/00—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track
- B62D57/02—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members
- B62D57/032—Vehicles characterised by having other propulsion or other ground- engaging means than wheels or endless track, alone or in addition to wheels or endless track with ground-engaging propulsion means, e.g. walking members with alternately or sequentially lifted supporting base and legs; with alternately or sequentially lifted feet or skid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
- G06F2111/10—Numerical modelling
Definitions
- the present application belongs to the technical field of robots, and in particular relates to a method and device for generating a centroid trajectory, a computer-readable storage medium and a robot.
- a key issue in the research of humanoid robots is the ability to maintain walking stability while increasing walking speed.
- the step speed increases, the step length of the robot will also increase.
- the center of mass cannot be tracked, resulting in divergent gait of the robot, poor stability, and even the robot may fall down.
- embodiments of the present application provide a centroid trajectory generation method, device, computer-readable storage medium, and robot to solve the problem of poor stability of existing centroid trajectory generation methods.
- the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a method for generating a centroid trajectory, which may include:
- the control of the centroid expected pose according to the first pose tracking vector and the second pose tracking vector alternately tracks the pose of the left foot and the pose of the right foot.
- Foot poses to generate the desired trajectory of the robot's center of mass may include:
- the expected position of the center of mass of the robot is controlled according to the following formula to alternately track the left foot position and the right foot position:
- (dL x , dL y , dL z ) is the first position tracking vector of the robot
- (dR x , dR y , dR z ) is the second position tracking vector of the robot
- t is the time variable
- s 2 (t) and s 3 (t) are preset activation functions
- (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) are expected positions of the center of mass of the robot.
- the activation function can be set according to the following formula:
- g 1 (t), g 2 (t) and g 3 (t) are preset original excitation functions
- N is a preset number of robot steps
- T is a gait cycle of the robot.
- the determining the first pose tracking vector of the robot according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the left foot may include:
- the determining the second pose tracking vector of the robot according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the right foot includes:
- a vector from the actual position of the center of mass of the robot to the position of the right foot is determined as the second position tracking vector of the robot.
- the robot after determining the vector from the actual position of the center of mass of the robot to the position of the left foot as the first position tracking vector of the robot, it further includes:
- (dL x , dL y , dL z ) is the first position tracking vector
- a 1 , b 1 , a 3 , b 3 , ⁇ z 1 are preset parameters
- (dL′ x , dL′ y , dL' z ) is the corrected first position tracking vector
- (dR x , dR y , dR z ) is the second position tracking vector
- a 2 , b 2 , a 4 , b 4 , ⁇ z 2 are preset parameters
- (dR′ x , dR′ y , dR' z ) is the corrected second position tracking vector.
- the determining the first pose tracking vector of the robot according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the left foot may include:
- the determining the second pose tracking vector of the robot according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the right foot may include:
- Controlling the expected pose of the centroid according to the first pose tracking vector and the second pose tracking vector to alternately track the pose of the left foot and the pose of the right foot to generate a centroid of the robot Expected trajectories which can include:
- the expected posture of the center of mass of the robot is controlled to alternately track the posture of the left foot and the posture of the right foot:
- q l is the quaternion of the first attitude tracking vector of the robot
- q r is the quaternion of the second attitude tracking vector of the robot
- ⁇ is the angle between q l and q r
- t is the time variable
- s 4 (t) is a preset activation function
- q 1 is a quaternion of the expected attitude of the center of mass of the robot.
- the activation function can be set according to the following formula:
- g 4 (t) is a preset original excitation function
- N is a preset number of robot steps
- T is a gait cycle of the robot.
- centroid trajectory generating device which may include:
- the pose determination module determines the actual pose of the robot's center of mass, the pose of the left foot and the pose of the right foot;
- the pose tracking vector determining module determines the first pose tracking vector of the robot according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the left foot, and determines the first pose tracking vector according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the right foot.
- the second pose tracking vector of the robot determines the first pose tracking vector of the robot according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the left foot, and determines the first pose tracking vector according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the right foot.
- an alternate tracking module configured to control the expected pose of the center of mass of the robot to alternately track the pose of the left foot and the pose of the right foot according to the first pose tracking vector and the second pose tracking vector, to Generate the desired trajectory of the robot's centroid.
- the alternate tracking module may include:
- the position tracking unit is used to control the expected position of the center of mass of the robot to alternately track the left foot position and the right foot position according to the following formula:
- (dL x , dL y , dL z ) is the first position tracking vector of the robot
- (dR x , dR y , dR z ) is the second position tracking vector of the robot
- t is the time variable
- s 2 (t) and s 3 (t) are preset activation functions
- (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) are expected positions of the center of mass of the robot.
- the activation function can be set according to the following formula:
- g 1 (t), g 2 (t) and g 3 (t) are preset original excitation functions
- N is a preset number of robot steps
- T is a gait cycle of the robot.
- the pose tracking vector determination module may include:
- a first position tracking vector determining unit configured to determine a vector from the actual position of the center of mass of the robot to the position of the left foot as the first position tracking vector of the robot;
- the second position tracking vector determination unit is configured to determine the vector from the actual position of the center of mass of the robot to the position of the right foot as the second position tracking vector of the robot.
- the pose tracking vector determination module may also include:
- the first position tracking vector correction unit is used to correct the first position tracking vector of the robot according to the following formula to obtain the corrected first position tracking vector:
- (dL x , dL y , dL z ) is the first position tracking vector
- a 1 , b 1 , a 3 , b 3 , ⁇ z 1 are preset parameters
- (dL′ x , dL′ y , dL' z ) is the corrected first position tracking vector
- the second position tracking vector correction unit is used to correct the second position tracking vector of the robot according to the following formula to obtain the corrected second position tracking vector:
- (dR x , dR y , dR z ) is the second position tracking vector
- a 2 , b 2 , a 4 , b 4 , ⁇ z 2 are preset parameters
- (dR′ x , dR′ y , dR' z ) is the corrected second position tracking vector.
- the pose tracking vector determination module may include:
- a first posture tracking vector determining unit configured to determine a vector from the actual posture of the center of mass of the robot to the posture of the left foot as the first posture tracking vector of the robot;
- a second attitude tracking vector determining unit configured to determine a vector from the actual attitude of the center of mass of the robot to the attitude of the right foot as the second attitude tracking vector of the robot;
- the alternate tracking module may include:
- the attitude tracking unit is used to control the expected attitude of the center of mass of the robot according to the following formula to alternately track the attitude of the left foot and the attitude of the right foot:
- q l is the quaternion of the first attitude tracking vector of the robot
- q r is the quaternion of the second attitude tracking vector of the robot
- ⁇ is the angle between q l and q r
- t is the time variable
- s 4 (t) is a preset activation function
- q 1 is a quaternion of the expected attitude of the center of mass of the robot.
- g 4 (t) is a preset original excitation function
- N is a preset number of robot steps
- T is a gait cycle of the robot.
- the third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of any one of the above-mentioned centroid trajectory generation methods are implemented .
- the fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a robot, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and operable on the processor.
- the processor executes the computer program, it realizes The steps of any one of the above centroid trajectory generation methods.
- a fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a computer program product, which, when the computer program product is run on a robot, causes the robot to execute the steps of any one of the methods for generating a centroid trajectory described above.
- the embodiment of the present application determines the actual pose of the center of mass, the pose of the left foot, and the pose of the right foot of the robot; according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the left foot Determine the first pose tracking vector of the robot according to the pose; determine the second pose tracking vector of the robot according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the right foot; determine the second pose tracking vector of the robot according to the first pose tracking vector and The second pose tracking vector controls the expected centroid pose to alternately track the pose of the left foot and the pose of the right foot, so as to generate an expected trajectory of the center of mass of the robot.
- the trajectory of the center of mass is generated according to the control idea of the center of mass alternately tracking the feet, which effectively improves the stability of the robot.
- Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the world coordinate system used in the embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 2 is a corresponding relationship diagram between coordinate axes and directions of rotation
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart of an embodiment of a method for generating a centroid trajectory in the embodiment of the present application
- Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the actual foot model of robot
- Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the virtual foot model of robot
- Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the actual foot model and the virtual foot model in the x-axis direction and the y-axis direction;
- Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the actual foot model and the virtual foot model in the z-axis direction;
- Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of linear interpolation and spherical interpolation
- Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of alternately tracking the positions of both feet at the expected position of the center of mass
- Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the excitation element function obtained by standard transformation of commonly used functions
- Fig. 11 is the schematic diagram of excitation basis function
- Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the original excitation function corresponding to each excitation element function in Fig. 10;
- Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of centroid tracking when hyperbolic tangent function is used as excitation
- FIG. 14 is a structural diagram of an embodiment of a center-of-mass trajectory generation device in the embodiment of the present application.
- Fig. 15 is a schematic block diagram of a robot in the embodiment of the present application.
- the term “if” may be construed as “when” or “once” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting” depending on the context .
- the phrase “if determined” or “if [the described condition or event] is detected” may be construed, depending on the context, to mean “once determined” or “in response to the determination” or “once detected [the described condition or event] ]” or “in response to detection of [described condition or event]”.
- a world coordinate system ⁇ w as shown in Figure 1 can be established.
- the forward direction of the robot is the x-axis
- the lateral direction is the y-axis
- the longitudinal direction is the z-axis.
- Figure 2 shows the corresponding relationship between coordinate axes and rotation directions.
- the direction of rotation around the x-axis is r x , which is recorded as the roll angle (roll angle);
- the direction of rotation around the y-axis is r y , recorded as the pitch angle (pitch angle);
- the direction of rotation around the z axis is r z , recorded as the yaw angle (yaw angle).
- an embodiment of a method for generating a centroid trajectory in the embodiment of the present application may include:
- Step S301 determine the actual pose of the center of mass, the pose of the left foot and the pose of the right foot of the robot.
- the poses mentioned in the embodiments of the present application include two parts: position and attitude, where the position is the coordinates in the direction of the three coordinate axes, and the attitude is the angle of rotation around the three coordinate axes.
- Step S302. Determine the first pose tracking vector of the robot according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the left foot, and determine the second pose tracking vector of the robot according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the right foot.
- the first pose tracking vector may include a first position tracking vector and a first attitude tracking vector
- the second pose tracking vector may include a second position tracking vector and a second attitude tracking vector
- the analysis can be performed based on the actual foot of the robot, and the vector from the actual position of the center of mass of the robot to the position of the left foot is determined as the first position tracking vector of the robot, and The vector from the actual position of the center of mass of the robot to the position of the right foot is determined as the second position tracking vector of the robot.
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the actual foot model of the robot, where T represents the center of mass, F 1 represents the left foot, F 2 represents the right foot, is the vector from the actual position of the center of mass to the position of the left foot, and dL x , dL y and dL z are the components of the vector on the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis respectively, is the vector from the actual position of the center of mass to the position of the right foot, and dR x , dR y and dR z are the components of the vector on the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis respectively.
- the analysis can also be performed based on the robot's virtual foot, and the vector from the actual position of the robot's center of mass to the virtual left foot position is determined as the first position tracking vector of the robot, and The vector from the actual position of the center of mass of the robot to the virtual right foot position is determined as the second position tracking vector of the robot.
- FIG. 5 shows the schematic diagram of the virtual foot model of robot, wherein, F ' 1 represents virtual left foot, F ' 2 represents virtual right foot, is the vector from the actual position of the center of mass to the virtual left foot position, and dL′ x , dL′ y and dL′ z are the components of the vector on the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis respectively, is the vector from the actual position of the center of mass to the virtual right foot position, and dR' x , dR' y and dR' z are the components of the vector on the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis, respectively.
- a 1 , b 1 , a 2 , b 2 , a 3 , b 3 , a 4 , and b 4 are all preset parameters, and their specific values can be set according to actual conditions.
- dL′ x a 1 dL x +b 1 as an example, if you want to track the center of mass faster during walking, you can set b 1 to a positive number; when dL x >0, that is, the left foot is in front When , you can set a 1 to a number greater than 1, so that you can better track the left foot; when dL x ⁇ 0, that is, when the left foot is behind, you can set a 1 to a number smaller than 1, so that Ability to track the right foot better.
- Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the relationship between dL x and dL′ x , where the horizontal axis is the time axis, the upper curve is the curve of dL x changing with time, and the lower curve is the curve of dL x changing with time, dL′ x is a linear function of dL x .
- ⁇ z 1 and ⁇ z 2 are preset parameters, and their specific values can be set according to the actual situation. For example, the position change of the left foot and the position of the right foot can be calculated based on the existing foot impedance control algorithm Change the amount, set them as ⁇ z 1 and ⁇ z 2 , respectively.
- the vector from the actual attitude of the robot's center of mass to the attitude of the left foot can be determined as the first attitude tracking vector of the robot, and the vector from the actual attitude of the robot's center of mass to the attitude of the right foot can be determined as the second attitude tracking of the robot vector.
- the vector from the actual posture of the center of mass to the posture of the left foot is recorded as and dL rx , dL ry and dL rz are the components of the vector in the three rotation directions respectively, the quaternion corresponding to the vector is q l , and the vector from the actual attitude of the center of mass to the attitude of the right foot is recorded as and dR rx , dR ry and dR rz are the components of the vector in the three rotation directions respectively, and the quaternion corresponding to the vector is q r .
- Step S303 according to the first pose tracking vector and the second pose tracking vector, control the expected centroid pose of the robot to alternately track the pose of the left foot and the pose of the right foot, so as to generate the expected trajectory of the robot's center of mass.
- Figure 8 shows two ideas of linear interpolation (ie, path 1) and spherical interpolation (ie, path 2).
- path 1 can be used for position interpolation, but path 1 cannot be used for attitude interpolation. Since the arc length near the middle of path 1 is longer, and the arc length near both ends is shorter, this means that when time changes at a constant speed When , the change of angular velocity representing the attitude vector is not uniform, so path 2 can be used for spherical interpolation for the attitude.
- path 2 interpolation the Euler angle attitude is usually converted into a quaternion attitude.
- the desired position of the center of mass of the robot can be controlled to alternately track the position of the left foot and the position of the right foot according to the following formula:
- t is a time variable
- s 1 (t) s 2 (t) and s 3 (t) are preset excitation functions
- (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) are expected positions of the center of mass of the robot.
- Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of alternately tracking the positions of both feet at the expected position of the center of mass, where the horizontal axis is the time axis, taking the x-axis direction as an example, the two solid lines are the curves of dL x and dR x changing with time, and the dotted line is is the curve of x1 changing with time.
- the expected attitude of the center of mass of the robot can be controlled according to the following formula to alternately track the left foot attitude and the right foot attitude:
- ⁇ is the angle between q l and q r
- s 4 (t) is a preset activation function
- q 1 is the quaternion of the expected attitude of the center of mass of the robot.
- the activation function can be set according to the following formula:
- g 1 (t), g 2 (t), g 3 (t) and g 4 (t) are the preset original excitation functions
- T is the gait period of the robot
- ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 are preset phases respectively, and their specific values can be set according to the actual situation.
- a monotonically increasing function whose definition domain and value range are both [0,1] can be used as the excitation element function.
- Such functions are generally rare, but there are many monotonically increasing functions.
- Figure 10 shows the excitation element functions obtained by standard transformation of several commonly used functions, which are: for sine function (sin), hyperbolic tangent function (tanh), trigonometric function (triag) and trapezoidal function (trape)
- sin sine function
- titaniumh hyperbolic tangent function
- triag trigonometric function
- trape trapezoidal function
- the generic raw activation function can be expressed as:
- the intermediate state s can be calculated by substituting the time t, period T and phase ⁇ into the excitation basis function; the original excitation function can be calculated by substituting the sign function sign(s) and absolute value
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the original excitation functions corresponding to the respective excitation element functions in FIG. 10 . It can be seen from the figure that the proportion of the four curves is between 0.8 and 1, the hyperbolic tangent excitation curve has the longest time, and the triangular excitation curve has the shortest; the longer the proportion time, the closer to the peak, and the closer to the peak, the center of mass is in the feet The positions near the feet account for a long time, and the positions in the middle of the feet account for a short time, indicating that the tracking effect of the center of mass is good.
- Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the centroid tracking when the hyperbolic tangent function is used as the excitation. Compared with the situation when the sine function is used as the excitation shown in Figure 9, the centroid tracking effect is better.
- the activation function can also be set according to the following formula:
- N is the preset number of steps of the robot, and its specific value can be set according to the actual situation. In this way, the robot can be controlled to stop quickly when the number of steps reaches the preset number of steps, which is more suitable for occasions requiring precise walking such as humanoid robot performances on large stages.
- the embodiment of the present application determines the actual pose of the center of mass, the pose of the left foot, and the pose of the right foot of the robot; the first pose of the robot is determined according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the left foot tracking vector; determine the second pose tracking vector of the robot according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the right foot; control the robot according to the first pose tracking vector and the second pose tracking vector
- the expected center-of-mass pose alternately tracks the left foot pose and the right foot pose to generate an expected center-of-mass trajectory for the robot.
- the trajectory of the center of mass is generated according to the control idea of the center of mass alternately tracking the feet, which effectively improves the stability of the robot.
- FIG. 14 shows a structural diagram of an embodiment of a centroid trajectory generation device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
- a centroid trajectory generation device may include:
- the pose determination module 1401 determines the actual pose of the center of mass, the pose of the left foot and the pose of the right foot of the robot;
- the pose tracking vector determination module 1402 determines the first pose tracking vector of the robot according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the left foot, and determines the first pose tracking vector according to the actual pose of the center of mass and the pose of the right foot The second pose tracking vector of the robot;
- Alternate tracking module 1403 configured to control the expected pose of the center of mass of the robot to alternately track the pose of the left foot and the pose of the right foot according to the first pose tracking vector and the second pose tracking vector, to generate the expected trajectory of the robot's centroid.
- the alternate tracking module may include:
- the position tracking unit is used to control the expected position of the center of mass of the robot to alternately track the left foot position and the right foot position according to the following formula:
- (dL x , dL y , dL z ) is the first position tracking vector of the robot
- (dR x , dR y , dR z ) is the second position tracking vector of the robot
- t is the time variable
- s 2 (t) and s 3 (t) are preset activation functions
- (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) are expected positions of the center of mass of the robot.
- the activation function can be set according to the following formula:
- g 1 (t), g 2 (t) and g 3 (t) are preset original excitation functions
- N is a preset number of robot steps
- T is a gait cycle of the robot.
- the pose tracking vector determination module may include:
- a first position tracking vector determining unit configured to determine a vector from the actual position of the center of mass of the robot to the position of the left foot as the first position tracking vector of the robot;
- the second position tracking vector determining unit is configured to determine the vector from the actual position of the center of mass of the robot to the position of the right foot as the second position tracking vector of the robot.
- the pose tracking vector determination module may also include:
- the first position tracking vector correction unit is used to correct the first position tracking vector of the robot according to the following formula to obtain the corrected first position tracking vector:
- (dL x , dL y , dL z ) is the first position tracking vector
- a 1 , b 1 , a 3 , b 3 , ⁇ z 1 are preset parameters
- (dL′ x , dL′ y , dL' z ) is the corrected first position tracking vector
- the second position tracking vector correction unit is used to correct the second position tracking vector of the robot according to the following formula to obtain the corrected second position tracking vector:
- (dR x , dR y , dR z ) is the second position tracking vector
- a 2 , b 2 , a 4 , b 4 , ⁇ z 2 are preset parameters
- (dR′ x , dR′ y , dR' z ) is the corrected second position tracking vector.
- the pose tracking vector determination module may include:
- the first posture tracking vector determination unit is used to determine the vector from the actual posture of the center of mass of the robot to the left foot posture as the first posture tracking vector of the robot;
- a second attitude tracking vector determining unit configured to determine a vector from the actual attitude of the center of mass of the robot to the attitude of the right foot as the second attitude tracking vector of the robot;
- the alternate tracking module may include:
- the attitude tracking unit is used to control the expected attitude of the center of mass of the robot according to the following formula to alternately track the attitude of the left foot and the attitude of the right foot:
- q l is the quaternion of the first attitude tracking vector of the robot
- q r is the quaternion of the second attitude tracking vector of the robot
- ⁇ is the angle between q l and q r
- t is the time variable
- s 4 (t) is a preset activation function
- q 1 is a quaternion of the expected attitude of the center of mass of the robot.
- g 4 (t) is a preset original excitation function
- N is a preset number of robot steps
- T is a gait cycle of the robot.
- FIG. 15 shows a schematic block diagram of a robot provided by the embodiment of the present application. For convenience of description, only parts related to the embodiment of the present application are shown.
- the robot 15 of this embodiment includes: a processor 150 , a memory 151 , and a computer program 152 stored in the memory 151 and operable on the processor 150 .
- the processor 150 executes the computer program 152
- the steps in the above-mentioned embodiments of the centroid trajectory generating method are implemented, for example, steps S301 to S303 shown in FIG. 3 .
- the processor 150 executes the computer program 152
- the functions of the modules/units in the above-mentioned device embodiments are implemented, for example, the functions of the modules 1401 to 1403 shown in FIG. 14 .
- the computer program 152 can be divided into one or more modules/units, and the one or more modules/units are stored in the memory 151 and executed by the processor 150 to complete this application.
- the one or more modules/units may be a series of computer program instruction segments capable of accomplishing specific functions, and the instruction segments are used to describe the execution process of the computer program 152 in the robot 15 .
- FIG. 15 is only an example of the robot 15, and does not constitute a limitation to the robot 15. It may include more or less components than shown in the illustration, or combine certain components, or different components, such as The robot 15 may also include input and output devices, network access devices, buses, and the like.
- the processor 150 can be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), and can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), Field-Programmable Gate Array (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
- a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, or the like.
- the storage 151 may be an internal storage unit of the robot 15 , such as a hard disk or memory of the robot 15 .
- the memory 151 can also be an external storage device of the robot 15, such as a plug-in hard disk equipped on the robot 15, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, Flash card (Flash Card), etc.
- the storage 151 may also include both an internal storage unit of the robot 15 and an external storage device.
- the memory 151 is used to store the computer program and other programs and data required by the robot 15 .
- the memory 151 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.
- the disclosed devices/robots and methods may be implemented in other ways.
- the device/robot embodiments described above are only illustrative.
- the division of the modules or units is only a logical function division.
- the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
- the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
- each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, each unit may exist separately physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
- the above-mentioned integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.
- the integrated module/unit is realized in the form of a software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments in the present application can also be completed by instructing related hardware through computer programs.
- the computer programs can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the computer When the program is executed by the processor, the steps in the above-mentioned various method embodiments can be realized.
- the computer program includes computer program code, and the computer program code may be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or some intermediate form.
- the computer-readable storage medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, a recording medium, a U disk, a removable hard disk, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer memory, a read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory) ), Random Access Memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal, and software distribution medium, etc.
- ROM Read-Only Memory
- RAM Random Access Memory
- electrical carrier signal telecommunication signal
- software distribution medium etc.
- the content contained in the computer-readable storage medium can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction.
- computer-readable Storage media excludes electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.
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Abstract
本申请属于机器人技术领域,尤其涉及一种质心轨迹生成方法、装置、计算机可读存储介质及机器人。确定机器人的质心实际位姿、左脚位姿和右脚位姿(S301);根据质心实际位姿和左脚位姿确定机器人的第一位姿追踪向量;根据质心实际位姿和右脚位姿确定机器人的第二位姿追踪向量(S302);根据第一位姿追踪向量和第二位姿追踪向量控制机器人的质心期望位姿交替追踪左脚位姿和右脚位姿,以生成机器人的质心期望轨迹(S303)。通过本申请,根据质心交替追踪双脚的控制思想来生成质心轨迹,有效提升了机器人的稳定性。
Description
本申请要求于2021年05月26日在中国专利局提交的、申请号为202110577214.5的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本申请属于机器人技术领域,尤其涉及一种质心轨迹生成方法、装置、计算机可读存储介质及机器人。
仿人机器人研究中的一个关键问题是在提高行走速度的同时能够保持步行稳定性。一般地,随着步速的增加,机器人的步长也会增大,通常会出现质心跟踪不上而导致机器人步态发散,稳定性较差,甚至可以出现机器人摔倒的情况。
有鉴于此,本申请实施例提供了一种质心轨迹生成方法、装置、计算机可读存储介质及机器人,以解决现有质心轨迹生成方法稳定性较差的问题。
本申请实施例的第一方面提供了一种质心轨迹生成方法,可以包括:
确定机器人的质心实际位姿、左脚位姿和右脚位姿;
根据所述质心实际位姿和所述左脚位姿确定所述机器人的第一位姿追踪向量,并根据所述质心实际位姿和所述右脚位姿确定所述机器人的第二位姿追踪向量;
根据所述第一位姿追踪向量和所述第二位姿追踪向量控制所述质心期望位姿交替追踪所述左脚位姿和所述右脚位姿,以生成所述机器人的质心期望轨迹。
在第一方面的一种具体实现中,所述根据所述第一位姿追踪向量和所述第二位姿追踪向量控制所述质心期望位姿交替追踪所述左脚位姿和所述右脚位姿,以生成所述机器人的质心期望轨迹,可以包括:
根据下式控制所述机器人的质心期望位置交替追踪左脚位置和右脚位置:
其中,(dL
x,dL
y,dL
z)为所述机器人的第一位置追踪向量,(dR
x,dR
y,dR
z)为所述机器人的第二位置追踪向量,t为时间变量,s
1(t)、s
2(t)和s
3(t)为预设的激励函数,(x
1,y
1,z
1)为所述机器人的质心期望位置。
在第一方面的一种具体实现中,所述激励函数可以根据下式进行设置:
s
1(t)=g
1(t)*flag
s
1(t)=g
2(t)*flag
s
1(t)=g
3(t)*flag
其中,g
1(t)、g
2(t)和g
3(t)为预设的原始激励函数,N为预设的机器人步数,T为所述机器人的步态周期。
在第一方面的一种具体实现中,所述根据所述质心实际位姿和所述左脚位姿确定所述机器人的第一位姿追踪向量可以包括:
将从所述机器人的质心实际位置至左脚位置的向量确定为所述机器人的第一位置追踪向量;
所述根据所述质心实际位姿和所述右脚位姿确定所述机器人的第二位姿追踪向量包括:
将从所述机器人的质心实际位置至右脚位置的向量确定为所述机器人的第二位置追踪向量。
在第一方面的一种具体实现中,在将从所述机器人的质心实际位置至左脚位置的向量确定为所述机器人的第一位置追踪向量之后,还包括:
根据下式对所述机器人的第一位置追踪向量进行修正,得到修正后的第一位置追踪向量:
dL′
x=a
1dL
x+b
1
dL′
y=a
3dL
y+b
3
dL′
z=dL
z+Δz
1
其中,(dL
x,dL
y,dL
z)为所述第一位置追踪向量,a
1、b
1、a
3、b
3、Δz
1为预设的参数,(dL′
x,dL′
y,dL′
z)为所述修正后的第一位置追踪向量;
在将从所述机器人的质心实际位置至右脚位置的向量确定为所述机器人的第二位置追踪向量之后,还包括:
根据下式对所述机器人的第二位置追踪向量进行修正,得到修正后的第二位置追踪向量:
dR′
x=a
2dR
x+b
2
dR′
y=a
4dR
y+b
4
dR′
z=dR
z+Δz
2
其中,(dR
x,dR
y,dR
z)为所述第二位置追踪向量,a
2、b
2、a
4、b
4、Δz
2为预设的参数,(dR′
x,dR′
y,dR′
z)为所述修正后的第二位置追踪向量。
在第一方面的一种具体实现中,所述根据所述质心实际位姿和所述左脚位姿确定所述 机器人的第一位姿追踪向量可以包括:
将从所述机器人的质心实际姿态至左脚姿态的向量确定为所述机器人的第一姿态追踪向量;
所述根据所述质心实际位姿和所述右脚位姿确定所述机器人的第二位姿追踪向量可以包括:
将从所述机器人的质心实际姿态至右脚姿态的向量确定为所述机器人的第二姿态追踪向量;
所述根据所述第一位姿追踪向量和所述第二位姿追踪向量控制所述质心期望位姿交替追踪所述左脚位姿和所述右脚位姿,以生成所述机器人的质心期望轨迹,可以包括:
根据下式控制所述机器人的质心期望姿态交替追踪左脚姿态和右脚姿态:
其中,q
l为所述机器人的第一姿态追踪向量的四元数,q
r为所述机器人的第二姿态追踪向量的四元数,θ为q
l和q
r的夹角,t为时间变量,s
4(t)为预设的激励函数,q
1为所述机器人的质心期望姿态的四元数。
在第一方面的一种具体实现中,所述激励函数可以根据下式进行设置:
s
4(t)=g
4(t)*flag
其中,g
4(t)为预设的原始激励函数,N为预设的机器人步数,T为所述机器人的步态周期。
本申请实施例的第二方面提供了一种质心轨迹生成装置,可以包括:
位姿确定模块,确定机器人的质心实际位姿、左脚位姿和右脚位姿;
位姿追踪向量确定模块,根据所述质心实际位姿和所述左脚位姿确定所述机器人的第一位姿追踪向量,并根据所述质心实际位姿和所述右脚位姿确定所述机器人的第二位姿追踪向量;
交替追踪模块,用于根据所述第一位姿追踪向量和所述第二位姿追踪向量控制所述机器人的质心期望位姿交替追踪所述左脚位姿和所述右脚位姿,以生成所述机器人的质心期望轨迹。
在第二方面的一种具体实现中,所述交替追踪模块可以包括:
位置追踪单元,用于根据下式控制所述机器人的质心期望位置交替追踪左脚位置和右脚位置:
其中,(dL
x,dL
y,dL
z)为所述机器人的第一位置追踪向量,(dR
x,dR
y,dR
z)为所述机器人的第二位置追踪向量,t为时间变量,s
1(t)、s
2(t)和s
3(t)为预设的激励函数,(x
1,y
1,z
1)为所述机器人的质心期望位置。
在第二方面的一种具体实现中,所述激励函数可以根据下式进行设置:
s
1(t)=g
1(t)*flag
s
1(t)=g
2(t)*flag
s
1(t)=g
3(t)*flag
其中,g
1(t)、g
2(t)和g
3(t)为预设的原始激励函数,N为预设的机器人步数,T为所述机器人的步态周期。
在第二方面的一种具体实现中,所述位姿追踪向量确定模块可以包括:
第一位置追踪向量确定单元,用于将从所述机器人的质心实际位置至左脚位置的向量确定为所述机器人的第一位置追踪向量;
第二位置追踪向量确定单元,用于将从所述机器人的质心实际位置至右脚位置的向量确定为所述机器人的第二位置追踪向量。
在第二方面的一种具体实现中,所述位姿追踪向量确定模块还可以包括:
第一位置追踪向量修正单元,用于根据下式对所述机器人的第一位置追踪向量进行修正,得到修正后的第一位置追踪向量:
dL′
x=a
1dL
x+b
1
dL′
y=a
3dL
y+b
3
dL′
z=dL
z+Δz
1
其中,(dL
x,dL
y,dL
z)为所述第一位置追踪向量,a
1、b
1、a
3、b
3、Δz
1为预设的参数,(dL′
x,dL′
y,dL′
z)为所述修正后的第一位置追踪向量;
第二位置追踪向量修正单元,用于根据下式对所述机器人的第二位置追踪向量进行修正,得到修正后的第二位置追踪向量:
dR′
x=a
2dR
x+b
2
dR′
y=a
4dR
y+b
4
dR′
z=dR
z+Δz
2
其中,(dR
x,dR
y,dR
z)为所述第二位置追踪向量,a
2、b
2、a
4、b
4、Δz
2为预设的参数, (dR′
x,dR′
y,dR′
z)为所述修正后的第二位置追踪向量。
在第二方面的一种具体实现中,所述位姿追踪向量确定模块可以包括:
第一姿态追踪向量确定单元,用于将从所述机器人的质心实际姿态至左脚姿态的向量确定为所述机器人的第一姿态追踪向量;
第二姿态追踪向量确定单元,用于将从所述机器人的质心实际姿态至右脚姿态的向量确定为所述机器人的第二姿态追踪向量;
所述交替追踪模块可以包括:
姿态追踪单元,用于根据下式控制所述机器人的质心期望姿态交替追踪左脚姿态和右脚姿态:
其中,q
l为所述机器人的第一姿态追踪向量的四元数,q
r为所述机器人的第二姿态追踪向量的四元数,θ为q
l和q
r的夹角,t为时间变量,s
4(t)为预设的激励函数,q
1为所述机器人的质心期望姿态的四元数。
s
4(t)=g
4(t)*flag
其中,g
4(t)为预设的原始激励函数,N为预设的机器人步数,T为所述机器人的步态周期。
本申请实施例的第三方面提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述任一种质心轨迹生成方法的步骤。
本申请实施例的第四方面提供了一种机器人,包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器中并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现上述任一种质心轨迹生成方法的步骤。
本申请实施例的第五方面提供了一种计算机程序产品,当计算机程序产品在机器人上运行时,使得机器人执行上述任一种质心轨迹生成方法的步骤。
本申请实施例与现有技术相比存在的有益效果是:本申请实施例确定机器人的质心实际位姿、左脚位姿和右脚位姿;根据所述质心实际位姿和所述左脚位姿确定所述机器人的第一位姿追踪向量;根据所述质心实际位姿和所述右脚位姿确定所述机器人的第二位姿追踪向量;根据所述第一位姿追踪向量和所述第二位姿追踪向量控制所述质心期望位姿交替追踪所述左脚位姿和所述右脚位姿,以生成所述机器人的质心期望轨迹。通过本申请实施 例,根据质心交替追踪双脚的控制思想来生成质心轨迹,有效提升了机器人的稳定性。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1为本申请实施例中所使用的世界坐标系的示意图;
图2为坐标轴与旋转方向的对应关系图;
图3为本申请实施例中一种质心轨迹生成方法的一个实施例流程图;
图4为机器人的实际脚模型的示意图;
图5为机器人的虚拟脚模型的示意图;
图6为在x轴方向和y轴方向上实际脚模型与虚拟脚模型之间的关系示意图;
图7为在z轴方向上实际脚模型与虚拟脚模型之间的关系示意图;
图8为直线插值和球面插值的示意图;
图9为质心期望位置交替追踪双脚位置的示意图;
图10为将常用的函数进行标准变换得到的激励元函数的示意图;
图11为激励基函数的示意图;
图12为与图10中的各个激励元函数分别对应的原始激励函数的示意图;
图13为双曲正切函数做激励时的质心追踪示意图;
图14为本申请实施例中一种质心轨迹生成装置的一个实施例结构图;
图15为本申请实施例中一种机器人的示意框图。
为使得本申请的发明目的、特征、优点能够更加的明显和易懂,下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,下面所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而非全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
应当理解,当在本说明书和所附权利要求书中使用时,术语“包括”指示所描述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素和/或组件的存在,但并不排除一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素、组件和/或其集合的存在或添加。
还应当理解,在此本申请说明书中所使用的术语仅仅是出于描述特定实施例的目的而并不意在限制本申请。如在本申请说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样,除非上下文 清楚地指明其它情况,否则单数形式的“一”、“一个”及“该”意在包括复数形式。
还应当进一步理解,在本申请说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的术语“和/或”是指相关联列出的项中的一个或多个的任何组合以及所有可能组合,并且包括这些组合。
如在本说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样,术语“如果”可以依据上下文被解释为“当...时”或“一旦”或“响应于确定”或“响应于检测到”。类似地,短语“如果确定”或“如果检测到[所描述条件或事件]”可以依据上下文被解释为意指“一旦确定”或“响应于确定”或“一旦检测到[所描述条件或事件]”或“响应于检测到[所描述条件或事件]”。
另外,在本申请的描述中,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于区分描述,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
为了便于叙述,在本申请实施例中,可以建立如图1所示的世界坐标系Σ
w,在该坐标系下,机器人的前向为x轴,侧向为y轴,纵向为z轴。图2所示为坐标轴与旋转方向的对应关系图,如图所示,绕着x轴旋转的方向为r
x,记为翻滚角(roll角);绕着y轴旋转的方向为r
y,记为俯仰角(pitch角);绕着z轴旋转的方向为r
z,记为偏航角(yaw角)。
请参阅图3,本申请实施例中一种质心轨迹生成方法的一个实施例可以包括:
步骤S301、确定机器人的质心实际位姿、左脚位姿和右脚位姿。
本申请实施例中所提及的位姿均包括位置和姿态两部分,其中,位置即为在3个坐标轴方向上的坐标,姿态即为绕着3个坐标轴旋转的角度。
步骤S302、根据质心实际位姿和左脚位姿确定机器人的第一位姿追踪向量,并根据质心实际位姿和右脚位姿确定机器人的第二位姿追踪向量。
其中,第一位姿追踪向量可以包括第一位置追踪向量和第一姿态追踪向量,第二位姿追踪向量可以包括第二位置追踪向量和第二姿态追踪向量。
对于位置方面,在本申请实施例的一种具体实现中,可以基于机器人的实际脚来进行分析,将从机器人的质心实际位置至左脚位置的向量确定为机器人的第一位置追踪向量,并将从机器人的质心实际位置至右脚位置的向量确定为机器人的第二位置追踪向量。图4所示为机器人的实际脚模型的示意图,其中,T代表质心,F
1代表左脚,F
2代表右脚,
为质心实际位置至左脚位置的向量,且
dL
x、dL
y和dL
z分别为该向量在x轴、y轴和z轴上的分量,
为质心实际位置至右脚位置的向量,且
dR
x、dR
y和dR
z分别为该向量在x轴、y轴和z轴上的分量。
在本申请实施例的另一种具体实现中,还可以基于机器人的虚拟脚来进行分析,将从机器人的质心实际位置至虚拟左脚位置的向量确定为机器人的第一位置追踪向量,并将从机器人的质心实际位置至虚拟右脚位置的向量确定为机器人的第二位置追踪向量。图5所 示为机器人的虚拟脚模型的示意图,其中,F′
1代表虚拟左脚,F′
2代表虚拟右脚,
为质心实际位置至虚拟左脚位置的向量,且
dL′
x、dL′
y和dL′
z分别为该向量在x轴、y轴和z轴上的分量,
为质心实际位置至虚拟右脚位置的向量,且
dR′
x、dR′
y和dR′
z分别为该向量在x轴、y轴和z轴上的分量。
dL′
x=a
1dL
x+b
1
dR′
x=a
2dR
x+b
2
dL′
x=a
3dL
y+b
3
dR′
y=a
4dR
y+b
4
其中,a
1、b
1、a
2、b
2、a
3、b
3、a
4、b
4均为预设的参数,其具体取值可以根据实际情况进行设置。
以dL′
x=a
1dL
x+b
1为例,在行走过程中,若希望质心追踪的快一些,可以将b
1设置为一个正数;当dL
x>0,也就是左脚在前时,可以将a
1设置为一个大于1的数,从而能够更好的追踪左脚;当dL
x≤0,也就是左脚在后时,可以将a
1设置为一个小于1的数,从而能够更好的跟踪右脚。图6所示为dL
x和dL′
x之间关系的示意图,其中横轴为时间轴,上面的曲线为dL
x随时间变化的曲线,下面的曲线为dL
x随时间变化的曲线,dL′
x是dL
x的一次函数关系。
在z轴方向上,如图7所示,可以设置如下式所示的关系:
dL′
z=dL
z+Δz
1
dR′
z=dR
z+Δz
2
其中,Δz
1和Δz
2均为预设的参数,其具体取值可以根据实际情况进行设置,例如,可以基于现有的足部阻抗控制算法计算得到左脚的位置改变量和右脚的位置改变量,将其分别设置为Δz
1和Δz
2。
对于姿态方面,可以将从机器人的质心实际姿态至左脚姿态的向量确定为机器人的第一姿态追踪向量,并将从机器人的质心实际姿态至右脚姿态的向量确定为机器人的第二姿态追踪向量。
此处将质心实际姿态至左脚姿态的向量记为
且
dL
rx、dL
ry和dL
rz分别为该向量在三个旋转方向上的分量,该向量对应的四元数为q
l,将质心实际姿态至右脚姿态的向量记为
且
dR
rx、dR
ry和dR
rz分别为该向量在三个旋转方向上的分量,该向量对应的四元数为q
r。
步骤S303、根据第一位姿追踪向量和第二位姿追踪向量控制机器人的质心期望位姿交 替追踪左脚位姿和右脚位姿,以生成机器人的质心期望轨迹。
质心交替追踪双脚可以有多种路径,图8中展示了直线插值(即路径1)和球面插值(即路径2)两种思路。
其中,位置的插值可以采用路径1,而姿态的插值无法采用路径1,由于路径1靠近中间处的弧长较长,而靠近两端处的弧长较短,这就意味着当时间匀速变化时,代表姿态矢量的角速度变化并不均匀,因此对于姿态可以采用路径2进行球面插值,采用路径2插值时,通常将欧拉角姿态转化为四元数姿态。
具体地,对于位置方面,可以根据下式控制所述机器人的质心期望位置交替追踪左脚位置和右脚位置:
其中,t为时间变量,s
1(t)、s
2(t)和s
3(t)为预设的激励函数,(x
1,y
1,z
1)为所述机器人的质心期望位置。
图9所示即为质心期望位置交替追踪双脚位置的示意图,其中横轴为时间轴,以x轴方向为例,两条实线分别为dL
x和dR
x随时间变化的曲线,虚线则为x
1随时间变化的曲线。
需要注意的是,以上过程针对的是实际脚模型,而对于虚拟脚模型,则需要将其中的dL
x替换为dL′
x,将其中的dR
x替换为dR′
x,将其中的dL
y替换为dL′
y,将其中的dR
y替换为dR′
y,将其中的dL
z替换为dL′
z,将其中的dR
z替换为dR′
z。
对于姿态方面,可以根据下式控制所述机器人的质心期望姿态交替追踪左脚姿态和右脚姿态:
其中,θ为q
l和q
r的夹角,s
4(t)为预设的激励函数,q
1为所述机器人的质心期望姿态的四元数。
以下对本申请实施例中所使用到的激励函数进行详细说明。对于进行位置控制的s
1(t)、s
2(t)和s
3(t),其定义域为[0,+∞),值域为[-1,1];对于进行姿态控制的s
4(t),其定义域为[0,+∞),值域为[0,1]。这些激励函数均为周期性函数,其周期即为机器人的步态周期。
在本申请实施例的一种具体实现中,可以根据下式进行激励函数的设置:
s
1(t)=g
1(t),g
1(t)=sin(ωt+φ
1)
s
2(t)=g
2(t),g
2(t)=sin(ωt+φ
2)
s
3(t)=g
3(t),g
3(t)=sin(ωt+φ
3)
以下对原始激励函数的生成过程进行更具普遍性的说明。
在本申请实施例中,可以将定义域和值域均为[0,1]的单调递增函数作为激励元函数,这样的函数一般很少,但是单调递增函数却很多,此处可以通过将定义在某个区间的单调递增函数通过标准变换变成激励元函数,例如,已知函数y=h(x)为定义域[a
1,a
2]上的单调函数,其值域为[b
1,b
2];则其标准变换为:
经过以上变化过程,当x′∈[0,1]时,则y′∈[0,1]。
图10所示即为将常用的几个函数进行标准变换得到的激励元函数,依次为:对正弦函数(sin)、双曲正切函数(tanh)、三角函数(triag)以及梯形函数(trape)进行标准变换得到的激励元函数。以下将激励元函数记为:j=f
1(c),c∈[0,1],j∈[0,1]。
在本申请实施例中,可以使用激励基函数s=f
2(t,T,φ)来将激励元函数变换为原始激励函数。图11所示即为一个周期T=2,相位φ=0的激励基函数。
通用的原始激励函数可以表示为:
g(t)=sign(s)f
1(|s|)
其中,将时间t、周期T和相位φ,代入激励基函数可以计算得到中间状态s;将s的符号函数sign(s)和绝对值|s|代入激励元函数可以计算得到原始激励函数。
图12所示即为与图10中的各个激励元函数分别对应的原始激励函数的示意图。从中可以看出,四种曲线在0.8~1之间的占比,双曲正切激励曲线时间最长,三角激励曲线最短;占比时间长,说明越接近峰值,越接近峰值说明质心在双脚附近的位置占比时间长,在双脚中间的位置占比时间短,说明质心的跟踪效果好。图13所示为双曲正切函数做激励时的质心追踪示意图,相比于图9所示的正弦函数做激励时的情况,质心追踪效果更好。
在本申请实施例的另一种具体实现中,还可以根据下式进行激励函数的设置:
s
1(t)=g
1(t)*flag
s
1(t)=g
2(t)*flag
s
1(t)=g
3(t)*flag
s
4(t)=g
4(t)*flag
其中,N为预设的机器人步数,其具体取值可以根据实际情况进行设置。通过这样的方式,能够控制机器人在步数达到预设步数时快速止步,更加适应于在大型舞台的仿人机器人表演等需要进行精准行走的场合。
综上所述,本申请实施例确定机器人的质心实际位姿、左脚位姿和右脚位姿;根据所述质心实际位姿和所述左脚位姿确定所述机器人的第一位姿追踪向量;根据所述质心实际位姿和所述右脚位姿确定所述机器人的第二位姿追踪向量;根据所述第一位姿追踪向量和所述第二位姿追踪向量控制所述质心期望位姿交替追踪所述左脚位姿和所述右脚位姿,以生成所述机器人的质心期望轨迹。通过本申请实施例,根据质心交替追踪双脚的控制思想来生成质心轨迹,有效提升了机器人的稳定性。
应理解,上述实施例中各步骤的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后,各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定,而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
对应于上文实施例所述的一种质心轨迹生成方法,图14示出了本申请实施例提供的一种质心轨迹生成装置的一个实施例结构图。
本实施例中,一种质心轨迹生成装置可以包括:
位姿确定模块1401,确定机器人的质心实际位姿、左脚位姿和右脚位姿;
位姿追踪向量确定模块1402,根据所述质心实际位姿和所述左脚位姿确定所述机器人的第一位姿追踪向量,并根据所述质心实际位姿和所述右脚位姿确定所述机器人的第二位姿追踪向量;
交替追踪模块1403,用于根据所述第一位姿追踪向量和所述第二位姿追踪向量控制所述机器人的质心期望位姿交替追踪所述左脚位姿和所述右脚位姿,以生成所述机器人的质心期望轨迹。
在本申请实施例的一种具体实现中,所述交替追踪模块可以包括:
位置追踪单元,用于根据下式控制所述机器人的质心期望位置交替追踪左脚位置和右脚位置:
其中,(dL
x,dL
y,dL
z)为所述机器人的第一位置追踪向量,(dR
x,dR
y,dR
z)为所述机器人的第二位置追踪向量,t为时间变量,s
1(t)、s
2(t)和s
3(t)为预设的激励函数,(x
1,y
1,z
1)为所述机器人的质心期望位置。
在本申请实施例的一种具体实现中,所述激励函数可以根据下式进行设置:
s
1(t)=g
1(t)*flag
s
1(t)=g
2(t)*flag
s
1(t)=g
3(t)*flag
其中,g
1(t)、g
2(t)和g
3(t)为预设的原始激励函数,N为预设的机器人步数,T为所述机器人的步态周期。
在本申请实施例的一种具体实现中,所述位姿追踪向量确定模块可以包括:
第一位置追踪向量确定单元,用于将从所述机器人的质心实际位置至左脚位置的向量确定为所述机器人的第一位置追踪向量;
第二位置追踪向量确定单元,用于将从所述机器人的质心实际位置至右脚位置的向量确定为所述机器人的第二位置追踪向量。
在本申请实施例的一种具体实现中,所述位姿追踪向量确定模块还可以包括:
第一位置追踪向量修正单元,用于根据下式对所述机器人的第一位置追踪向量进行修正,得到修正后的第一位置追踪向量:
dL′
x=a
1dL
x+b
1
dL′
y=a
3dL
y+b
3
dL′
z=dL
z+Δz
1
其中,(dL
x,dL
y,dL
z)为所述第一位置追踪向量,a
1、b
1、a
3、b
3、Δz
1为预设的参数,(dL′
x,dL′
y,dL′
z)为所述修正后的第一位置追踪向量;
第二位置追踪向量修正单元,用于根据下式对所述机器人的第二位置追踪向量进行修正,得到修正后的第二位置追踪向量:
dR′
x=a
2dR
x+b
2
dR′
y=a
4dR
y+b
4
dR′
z=dR
z+Δz
2
其中,(dR
x,dR
y,dR
z)为所述第二位置追踪向量,a
2、b
2、a
4、b
4、Δz
2为预设的参数,(dR′
x,dR′
y,dR′
z)为所述修正后的第二位置追踪向量。
在本申请实施例的一种具体实现中,所述位姿追踪向量确定模块可以包括:
第一姿态追踪向量确定单元,用于将从所述机器人的质心实际姿态至左脚姿态的向量 确定为所述机器人的第一姿态追踪向量;
第二姿态追踪向量确定单元,用于将从所述机器人的质心实际姿态至右脚姿态的向量确定为所述机器人的第二姿态追踪向量;
所述交替追踪模块可以包括:
姿态追踪单元,用于根据下式控制所述机器人的质心期望姿态交替追踪左脚姿态和右脚姿态:
其中,q
l为所述机器人的第一姿态追踪向量的四元数,q
r为所述机器人的第二姿态追踪向量的四元数,θ为q
l和q
r的夹角,t为时间变量,s
4(t)为预设的激励函数,q
1为所述机器人的质心期望姿态的四元数。
s
4(t)=g
4(t)*flag
其中,g
4(t)为预设的原始激励函数,N为预设的机器人步数,T为所述机器人的步态周期。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为描述的方便和简洁,上述描述的装置,模块和单元的具体工作过程,可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程,在此不再赘述。
在上述实施例中,对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重,某个实施例中没有详述或记载的部分,可以参见其它实施例的相关描述。
图15示出了本申请实施例提供的一种机器人的示意框图,为了便于说明,仅示出了与本申请实施例相关的部分。
如图15所示,该实施例的机器人15包括:处理器150、存储器151以及存储在所述存储器151中并可在所述处理器150上运行的计算机程序152。所述处理器150执行所述计算机程序152时实现上述各个质心轨迹生成方法实施例中的步骤,例如图3所示的步骤S301至步骤S303。或者,所述处理器150执行所述计算机程序152时实现上述各装置实施例中各模块/单元的功能,例如图14所示模块1401至模块1403的功能。
示例性的,所述计算机程序152可以被分割成一个或多个模块/单元,所述一个或者多个模块/单元被存储在所述存储器151中,并由所述处理器150执行,以完成本申请。所述一个或多个模块/单元可以是能够完成特定功能的一系列计算机程序指令段,该指令段用于描述所述计算机程序152在所述机器人15中的执行过程。
本领域技术人员可以理解,图15仅仅是机器人15的示例,并不构成对机器人15的限定,可以包括比图示更多或更少的部件,或者组合某些部件,或者不同的部件,例如所述 机器人15还可以包括输入输出设备、网络接入设备、总线等。
所述处理器150可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit,CPU),还可以是其它通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor,DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)或者其它可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
所述存储器151可以是所述机器人15的内部存储单元,例如机器人15的硬盘或内存。所述存储器151也可以是所述机器人15的外部存储设备,例如所述机器人15上配备的插接式硬盘,智能存储卡(Smart Media Card,SMC),安全数字(Secure Digital,SD)卡,闪存卡(Flash Card)等。进一步地,所述存储器151还可以既包括所述机器人15的内部存储单元也包括外部存储设备。所述存储器151用于存储所述计算机程序以及所述机器人15所需的其它程序和数据。所述存储器151还可以用于暂时地存储已经输出或者将要输出的数据。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为了描述的方便和简洁,仅以上述各功能单元、模块的划分进行举例说明,实际应用中,可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能单元、模块完成,即将所述装置的内部结构划分成不同的功能单元或模块,以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能。实施例中的各功能单元、模块可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中,上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。另外,各功能单元、模块的具体名称也只是为了便于相互区分,并不用于限制本申请的保护范围。上述系统中单元、模块的具体工作过程,可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程,在此不再赘述。
在上述实施例中,对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重,某个实施例中没有详述或记载的部分,可以参见其它实施例的相关描述。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到,结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤,能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行,取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能,但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
在本申请所提供的实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露的装置/机器人和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。例如,以上所描述的装置/机器人实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,所述模块 或单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通讯连接可以是通过一些接口,装置或单元的间接耦合或通讯连接,可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外,在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现,也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
所述集成的模块/单元如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本申请实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程,也可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,所述的计算机程序可存储于一计算机可读存储介质中,该计算机程序在被处理器执行时,可实现上述各个方法实施例的步骤。其中,所述计算机程序包括计算机程序代码,所述计算机程序代码可以为源代码形式、对象代码形式、可执行文件或某些中间形式等。所述计算机可读存储介质可以包括:能够携带所述计算机程序代码的任何实体或装置、记录介质、U盘、移动硬盘、磁碟、光盘、计算机存储器、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)、电载波信号、电信信号以及软件分发介质等。需要说明的是,所述计算机可读存储介质包含的内容可以根据司法管辖区内立法和专利实践的要求进行适当的增减,例如在某些司法管辖区,根据立法和专利实践,计算机可读存储介质不包括电载波信号和电信信号。
以上所述实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本申请各实施例技术方案的精神和范围,均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
- 一种质心轨迹生成方法,其特征在于,包括:确定机器人的质心实际位姿、左脚位姿和右脚位姿;根据所述质心实际位姿和所述左脚位姿确定所述机器人的第一位姿追踪向量,并根据所述质心实际位姿和所述右脚位姿确定所述机器人的第二位姿追踪向量;根据所述第一位姿追踪向量和所述第二位姿追踪向量控制所述机器人的质心期望位姿交替追踪所述左脚位姿和所述右脚位姿,以生成所述机器人的质心期望轨迹。
- 根据权利要求1所述的质心轨迹生成方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述质心实际位姿和所述左脚位姿确定所述机器人的第一位姿追踪向量包括:将从所述机器人的质心实际位置至左脚位置的向量确定为所述机器人的第一位置追踪向量;所述根据所述质心实际位姿和所述右脚位姿确定所述机器人的第二位姿追踪向量包括:将从所述机器人的质心实际位置至右脚位置的向量确定为所述机器人的第二位置追踪 向量。
- 根据权利要求4所述的质心轨迹生成方法,其特征在于,在将从所述机器人的质心实际位置至左脚位置的向量确定为所述机器人的第一位置追踪向量之后,还包括:根据下式对所述机器人的第一位置追踪向量进行修正,得到修正后的第一位置追踪向量:dL′ x=a 1dL x+b 1dL′ y=a 3dL y+b 3dL′ z=dL z+Δz 1其中,(dL x,dL y,dL z)为所述第一位置追踪向量,a 1、b 1、a 3、b 3、Δz 1为预设的参数,(dL′ x,dL′ y,dL′ z)为所述修正后的第一位置追踪向量;在将从所述机器人的质心实际位置至右脚位置的向量确定为所述机器人的第二位置追踪向量之后,还包括:根据下式对所述机器人的第二位置追踪向量进行修正,得到修正后的第二位置追踪向量:dR′ x=a 2dR x+b 2dR′ y=a 4dR y+b 4dR′ z=dR z+Δz 2其中,(dR x,dR y,dR z)为所述第二位置追踪向量,a 2、b 2、a 4、b 4、Δz 2为预设的参数,(dR′ x,dR′ y,dR′ z)为所述修正后的第二位置追踪向量。
- 根据权利要求1所述的质心轨迹生成方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述质心实际位姿和所述左脚位姿确定所述机器人的第一位姿追踪向量包括:将从所述机器人的质心实际姿态至左脚姿态的向量确定为所述机器人的第一姿态追踪向量;所述根据所述质心实际位姿和所述右脚位姿确定所述机器人的第二位姿追踪向量包括:将从所述机器人的质心实际姿态至右脚姿态的向量确定为所述机器人的第二姿态追踪向量;所述根据所述第一位姿追踪向量和所述第二位姿追踪向量控制所述质心期望位姿交替追踪所述左脚位姿和所述右脚位姿,以生成所述机器人的质心期望轨迹,包括:根据下式控制所述机器人的质心期望姿态交替追踪左脚姿态和右脚姿态:其中,q l为所述机器人的第一姿态追踪向量的四元数,q r为所述机器人的第二姿态追 踪向量的四元数,θ为q l和q r的夹角,t为时间变量,s 4(t)为预设的激励函数,q 1为所述机器人的质心期望姿态的四元数。
- 一种质心轨迹生成装置,其特征在于,包括:位姿确定模块,确定机器人的质心实际位姿、左脚位姿和右脚位姿;位姿追踪向量确定模块,根据所述质心实际位姿和所述左脚位姿确定所述机器人的第一位姿追踪向量,并根据所述质心实际位姿和所述右脚位姿确定所述机器人的第二位姿追踪向量;交替追踪模块,用于根据所述第一位姿追踪向量和所述第二位姿追踪向量控制所述机器人的质心期望位姿交替追踪所述左脚位姿和所述右脚位姿,以生成所述机器人的质心期望轨迹。
- 一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的质心轨迹生成方法的步骤。
- 一种机器人,包括存储器、处理器以及存储在所述存储器中并可在所述处理器上运行的计算机程序,其特征在于,所述处理器执行所述计算机程序时实现如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的质心轨迹生成方法的步骤。
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