WO2022227359A1 - Method for propagating scutellista caerulea fonscolombe - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for propagating Scutellista caerulea Fonscolombe, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting rubber seedlings which are planted and have reached a height of 80-100 cm; (2) collecting newly-hatched nymphs of Parasaissetia nigra Nietner or Saissetia oleae Olivier, inoculating same against the rubber seedlings, and cultivating same until same grow into adults that have laid eggs for 5-6 days; (3) putting the cultivated host plant with the adult Parasaissetia nigra Nietner into a Scutellista caerulea Fonscolombe inoculating cage at a temperate of 30-33°C, and inoculating Scutellista caerulea Fonscolombe according to a quantity ratio of female Scutellista caerulea Fonscolombe to the host adults of 1:(30-40) by means of controlling a photoperiod L:D to be (14 h:10 h)-(16 h:8 h); and (4) taking out the host plants with the Scutellista caerulea Fonscolombe-inoculated scale insects, culturing same at 30-33°C by means of controlling a photoperiod L:D to be (12 h:12 h)-(14 h:10 h), collecting same, and then rejuvenating same.

Description

A method of multiplying blue long shield golden bees technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of agricultural and forestry pests, in particular to a method for propagating blue long shield golden bees.

Background technique

Scale insects are important pests on many commercial crops in my country. The scale insects that endanger rubber trees in my country include Wax scales, mealy scales, shield scales, etc. Wax scales are one of the important groups. This type of pest mainly sucks the sap of the leaves and twigs of the host plant by adults and nymphs, causing the leaves to turn yellow, fallen leaves and dry branches; the insects also secrete honeydew to induce soot disease in the host plant and affect the photosynthesis of the plant. , in light cases, the growth of the host plant is hindered and the yield is decreased, and in severe cases, the whole plant dies. According to reports, wax scales such as Parasaissetia nigra Nietner, Ceroplastes rubens Maskeel, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, Saissetia oleva (Bernard), and Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock are all harmful. The rubber tree, among them, the wax scale of the rubber tree, has caused serious economic losses to the rubber industry.

At present, the control of wax scale pests at home and abroad mainly relies on chemical agents. However, the overall effect of chemical control is not ideal due to the thick wax shell of the wax scale pests. Secondly, with the ban on organophosphorus pesticides that are highly effective against scale insects, such as chlorpyrifos, fast culling, and omethoate, and the use of low- and medium-toxic pesticides such as dimethoate and chlorpyrifos, they can be used for chemical control of wax scale pests. There are fewer and fewer types of pesticides, and the control effect is getting worse and worse. In addition, the application of chemical pesticides not only affects product quality and safety, but also poses a threat to ecological security. For example, the use of highly toxic pesticides can easily destroy biodiversity, kill a large number of beneficial organisms or neutral insects, destroy ecological balance, and easily cause multiple outbreaks of pests. Therefore, new technologies and product breakthroughs are required for the prevention and control of Lexus scale pests.

Natural enemy resources that can be used for scale insect control are abundant in nature, among which parasitic natural enemy insects are an important natural enemy group. The use of parasitic wasps to continuously control scale insects is a new technical direction. There are also some successful cases at home and abroad. For example, Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces have successfully used Aphid vulgaris to prevent and control the scale insect. Bees can effectively prevent and control the wax scale of the bead in a certain temperature range. In the research and development of natural enemy propagation technology, it is mainly aimed at the dominant parasitic wasps of Lexocarpus serrata: Coccophagus japonicus Compere (ZL201610584035.3) and Diversinervus elegans Silvestri (ZL201110092539.2). The development of endoparasitoid wasps, and has been used in small-scale production. Nevertheless, the optimum temperature for the growth of these two parasitic wasp populations is within 21-27°C, and the release is relatively limited in the high-temperature planting areas in summer, which greatly limits the biological control in tropical areas.

Scutellista caerulea (Fonscolombe) is an important parasitic wasp of the Waxidae family. Its main hosts are the olive black-helmed scale Saissetia oleae Olivier, the Florida turtle wax scale Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, the fig wax scale Ceroplastes rusci Linnaeus, the brown soft scale Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, and the oak wax scale Parasaissetia nigra Nietner. The wasp is an ectoparasitic adult parasitic wasp. It mainly lays eggs on the ventral surface of the wax scale from the gap between the wax scale and the host plant through the egg-laying needle. The existing natural population of this bee in the field is low and cannot achieve the natural pest control effect. At present, there is no artificial reproduction and utilization at home and abroad, and the traditional artificial reproduction method of parasitic wasps cannot achieve stable high-temperature parasitic efficiency and egg production, and the survival rate in the developmental process is low and the reproduction efficiency is low. Therefore, the present invention proposes A high-efficiency artificial propagation method suitable for the blue beetle, improving the population growth and reproduction speed under high temperature conditions, realizing the effective utilization of the blue bee, and improving the control of scale insects in tropical areas. Controlling effects is important.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present invention proposes a rapid artificial propagation method suitable for the blue bee, which can realize the high-efficiency propagation of the blue bee under high temperature conditions, and has high egg production and parasitic efficiency, The population grows and reproduces quickly and has a high survival rate.

The technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:

A method for multiplying blue long shield golden bees, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Select the host plant: choose the rubber seedling as the host plant, and plant the rubber seedling in a pot to a height of 80-100cm, for use;

Step 2: cultivating the adult host: collecting the newly hatched nymphs of Lexocarpus auratus or O. vulgaris, and inoculating it on the rubber sapling to cultivate, until it develops to the adult that lays eggs 5-6d, for subsequent use;

Step 3: High-temperature bee pick-up: The blue long shield golden bee is used as a parasitic wasp, and the host plant with the adults of the wax scale larvae cultivated in step 2 is placed in a bee pick-up cage with a temperature of 30-33°C , the number ratio of female parasitoid to adult hosts is 1:(30～40), and the photoperiod is controlled to be L:D=14h:10h～16h:8h;

Step 4: After the bee picking is completed, take out the host plant with the pickling scale insects, cultivate at a temperature of 30-33 °C, control the photoperiod to be L:D=12h:12h-14h:10h, and collect the parasitic wasp products , into the wild parasitic wasp species for rejuvenation.

More preferably, in step 2, adopt the newly hatched nymphs of the olive black helmet scale to carry out the cultivation of the adult host, and adopt the adult worm of the olive black helmet scale as the host, which can better improve the parasitic efficiency of the blue long shield golden wasp. Egg production is higher.

More preferably, in step 3, the humidity of picking up the bees is 60%-70%, and the time for picking up the bees is 2-3d.

More preferably, in step 3, the female parasitoid is obtained by free mating between the female wasp and the drone at a ratio of 1:1 at 30 to 33°C for 1 day, which is beneficial to improve the quality of life. Survival and egg-laying ability of parasitic wasps at high temperature.

More preferably, in step 4, the culture humidity is 60%-70%, and the culture time is 15-18d.

Further illustrate, in step 4, when blue long shield golden bee develops to pupation rate of 90%～100%, peel off a part of parasitic wasp pupae, put into 33 ℃ of drying ovens to dry moisture or dry with electric hair dryer Moisture is used for field release, and the other part is put into the bee receiving cage to continue cultivation. When the pupae emerge into adult bees, 18-22% honey or sucrose aqueous solution is added to the cage for a new round of bee expansion.

More preferably, in step 4, add 40% to 60% of the wild blue golden bees every 3 to 4 months or select the robust and vigorous blue golden bees that propagate indoors as the individual. Bee species rejuvenate.

More preferably, in step 3, the volume of the bee receiving cage is 400cm×300cm×180cm, and it is separated by gauze.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention effectively realizes the high-temperature propagation of the blue long shield golden bee, wherein, a rubber seedling of a certain height is used as a host plant, and a As the intermediate host of B. serrata or S. oleifera, it effectively maintains and maintains the protection of S. serrata to S. serrata, S. oleifera, S. serrata, etc. At the same time, the present invention greatly improves the high-temperature egg laying and survival of the blue long shield golden bee by adopting the host in the adult stage combined with the high-temperature bee-feeding method to control the proportion and photoperiod conditions of the parasitic wasp. At the same time, using high temperature culture conditions and photoperiod conditions to further improve the parasitic efficiency of the parasitoid and the survival rate during the development process, so as to achieve the high temperature rapid propagation of the blue long shield golden wasp, and realize the blue long shield golden wasp in the In summer, the high temperature planting rubber area is better released, which effectively solves the problems of slow parasitic rate, low survival rate, and low population growth and reproduction speed at high temperature. Forest control effect.

The blue long shield golden wasp of the present invention can be released in the adult stage of the wax scale, or when the wax scale exists in various forms, it can be combined with the Japanese scale-eating wasp, the graceful-pulsed wasp, and the wax scale broad-stemmed bee. The joint release of parasitic wasps such as wasps can better improve the parasitic rate of wax scales such as olive black-helmeted scales, wax scales of oyster bead, and brown soft scales, and improve the control effect on the number of pest populations.

Detailed ways

In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the present invention.

The experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

Materials, reagents, etc. used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

A method for multiplying blue long shield golden bees, comprising the following steps:

(1) Select the host plant:

Select rubber seedlings as host plants, and plant rubber seedlings in pots to a height of 80-100cm for use;

(2) Cultivate adult host:

Collect the newly hatched nymphs of Lexocarpus sinensis, and inoculate them on rubber saplings for cultivation. The incubation temperature is 26 °C to form a test population with rubber saplings as hosts. The leaf back of each leaf of the rubber seedling is outward, so that the leaf backlight line is relatively sufficient, so that most of the newly hatched nymphs can be evenly distributed on the back of the leaf until they develop to the black stage and lay eggs for 5-6 days. The adult worms are reserved; part is used to inoculate parasitic wasps, and part is left to continue to develop, and is reserved as a breeding source for Lexus spp.;

(3) High temperature pick up bees:

Select the large and vigorous blue long shield golden bee as the parasitic wasp, and put the host plant of the adult larvae larvae cultivated in step 2 into the inoculated bee at a temperature of 30°C and a humidity of 60-65%. In the cage, the number ratio of female parasitoid to adult hosts was 1:30, and the photoperiod was controlled to be L:D=14h:10h; after 2 days of bee picking, use a hair dryer to blow off the blue on the rubber seedlings Adult golden wasp;

(4) High temperature culture:

After the bee picking is completed, take out the host plant with the picking scale insects, and cultivate for 16 days in a cultivation room with a temperature of 30 ° C and a humidity of 60% to 65%, and control the photoperiod to be L:D=12h:12h, when the blue color is long. When the golden wasp develops to a pupation rate of 90%, use a blade to peel off part of the parasitoid pupae from the leaf surface, put it in an oven at 33 ° C to dry the moisture, package and store it or directly use it with female bees for field release, and the other part Put it into the bee receiving cage and continue to cultivate. When the pupae emerge into adult bees, add 18% honey aqueous solution in the cage to carry out a new round of bee expansion; add 40% wild bee to the bee receiving cage every 3 months The blue long-shielded golden wasp is rejuvenated as a bee species.

Among them, the specifications of the honeycomb cage are the stainless steel frame of length*width*height=400cm*300cm*180cm, and the middle is divided into 2 units (each length*width*height=400cm*300cm*90cm, all of which are screened Isolation, there is an independent lighting system), the top surface is closed with glass, the back and sides are closed with 150 mesh gauze, the front side is made of two semi-circular sliding doors, the opening is sealed with gauze, and the breeding process is carried out through the door. operation, the same below.

Nutritional supplement: 20% honey water is prepared for the supplementary nutrition of the adults of the blue long shield golden bee.

Example 2

A method for multiplying blue long shield golden bees, comprising the following steps:

(1) Select the host plant:

(2) choose to use rubber seedlings as host plants, and the rubber seedlings are planted to a height of 80-100cm through potted plants, for subsequent use;

(2) Cultivate adult host:

Collect the newly hatched nymphs of the olive black helmet scale, and inoculate them on rubber saplings for cultivation. The incubation temperature is 26 °C to form a test population with rubber saplings as hosts. The newly hatched nymphs on each leaf of the seedlings are evenly distributed until they develop to the adults that lay eggs for 5-6 days in the black stage of the black-helmed scales, and reserve them for use; some are used for inoculating parasitic wasps, and some are left to continue to develop and are reserved for olives Breeding provenance of black-helmed scaler;

(3) High temperature pick up bees:

Select the blue long shield golden wasp with a large individual and strong vitality as the parasitic wasp, and concentrate free mating at 30 ° C according to the ratio of 1 female bee: 1 male bee to obtain female bees; The host plant of the adult Helminthidae was placed in a honeycomb cage with a temperature of 33°C and a humidity of 60-65%. L:D=16h:8h; after receiving the bees for 2 days, blow off the blue long shield golden bee adults on the rubber seedlings with a hair dryer;

(4) High temperature culture:

After the bee picking is completed, take out the host plant with the bee scale insects, put it into a cultivation room with a temperature of 30 ° C and a humidity of 60% to 65% for 16 days, and control the photoperiod to be L:D=12h:12h, when the blue When the golden larvae developed to 100% pupation rate, a part of the parasitic wasp pupae was peeled off from the leaf surface with a blade, put into an oven at 33 ° C to dry the moisture, packaged and stored or directly used with female bees for field release, and the other A part is put into the bee receiving cage to continue to cultivate. When the pupae emerge into adult bees, a 22% sucrose aqueous solution is added to the cage to carry out a new round of bee expansion; The prosperous, vigorous and vigorous blue long shield golden wasps are rejuvenated as bee species.

Nutritional supplementation: 20% sucrose water is prepared for the supplementary nutrition of adults of the blue long shield golden wasp.

Example 3

A method for multiplying blue long shield golden bees, comprising the following steps:

(1) Select the host plant:

Select rubber seedlings as host plants, and plant rubber seedlings in pots to a height of 80-100cm for use;

(2) Cultivate adult host:

Collect the newly hatched nymphs of the olive black helmet scale, and inoculate them on rubber saplings for cultivation. The incubation temperature is 26 °C to form a test population with rubber saplings as hosts. The newly hatched nymphs on each leaf of the seedlings are evenly distributed until they develop to the adults that lay eggs for 5-6 days in the black stage of the black-helmed scales, and reserve them for use; some are used for inoculating parasitic wasps, and some are left to continue to develop and are reserved for olives Breeding provenance of black-helmed scaler;

(3) High temperature pick up bees:

Select the blue long shield golden wasp with large individual and strong vitality as the parasitic wasp, and concentrate free mating at 33 ° C according to the ratio of 1 female bee: 1 male bee to obtain female bees; The host plant of the adult Helminthidae was placed in a honeycomb cage with a temperature of 33 °C and a humidity of 60-70%. L:D=14h:10h; after receiving the bees for 2d, use a hair dryer to blow off the blue long shield golden bee adults on the rubber seedlings;

(4) High temperature culture:

After the bee picking is completed, take out the host plant with the picking scale insects, and cultivate it for 16 days in a cultivation room with a temperature of 33 ° C and a humidity of 60% to 70%, and control the photoperiod to be L:D=14h:10h, when the blue color is long. When the golden wasp develops to a pupation rate of > 95%, use a blade to peel off a part of the parasitic wasp pupae from the leaf surface, put it in an oven at 33 ° C to dry the water, package and store it or use it directly with female bees for field release, and the other A part is put into the bee receiving cage to continue to cultivate. When the pupae emerge into adult bees, a honey solution with a mass fraction of 20% is added to the cage to carry out a new round of bee expansion; ~60% of the wild blue longshield wasps rejuvenate as a bee species.

Nutritional supplement: 20% honey water is prepared for the supplementary nutrition of the adults of the blue long shield golden bee.

Example 4

The difference between this example and Example 3 is: in step (3), the female bees are obtained by free mating at 28° C. at the ratio of 1 female bee: 1 male bee, and the rest are the same as those in Example 3.

According to the propagation method of the blue long shield golden wasp of Examples 1 to 4, the number of eggs laid and the number of parasitized scale insects of the wasp 24 hours after receiving the bee were respectively counted, the parasitic rate of the wasp was calculated, and the The number of peaks and the female rate after 16d incubation at high temperature.

Table 1 Parasitism and reproduction of different propagation methods of the blue longshield wasp

The results show that the blue long shield golden bee of the present invention can achieve high temperature pick-up at 30-33 ℃, the number of eggs laid in 24 hours is more than 30, the parasitic rate can reach up to 95.2%, and the number of bees in 16 days is 15 or more,

The male rate can be above 50%, and the male rate in Example 3 can reach 65.15%.

In order to further verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, the following comparative verification tests were done:

1. Ovulation and parasitism rates of the blue long-shield golden wasp at different receiving temperatures

Test setup: Take the parasitic wasps of Example 3, set 5 experimental groups with temperature gradients of 24°C, 27°C, 30°C, 33°C, and 35°C, the photoperiod according to Example 3 is 14L:10D, and the humidity is 60 In ~70% of the artificial climate box, the bees were received in the same proportion for 24 hours, and the number of eggs laid and the number of parasitized scale insects were taken out and dissected, and the parasitic rate of the wasps was calculated.

Table 2 Ovulation and parasitism rates of the blue long shield golden bee at different receiving temperatures

The results show that the blue long shield golden bee of the present invention can achieve high temperature swarming at 30-33 ℃, its egg production is significantly increased, and its parasitic rate at 33 ℃ can reach 90.8%.

2. The egg laying and parasitism rates of the blue long shield golden wasp under different photoperiods

Test setup: Take the parasitoid of Example 3, and set the photoperiod as: L:D=2:22, 4:20, 6:18, 8:16, 10:12, 12:12, 14:10, 16: 8. In the 12 photoperiods of 18:6, 20:4, 22:2, 24:0, the temperature of the root bee is 33 ℃, and the humidity is 60-70% in the artificial climate box, and the bee is received in the same proportion. 24h, take out and dissect to observe the number of eggs laid and the number of parasitized scale insects, and calculate the parasitic rate of the wasp.

Table 3 Ovulation and parasitism rates of the blue longshield wasp under different photoperiods

The results showed that the blue beetle did not lay eggs under the condition of complete darkness. With the increase of light time, the number of eggs laid and the parasitic rate increased. When the duration of sunlight is more than 16h, the number of eggs laid is more than 45.0, and the parasitic rate can be more than 80% when the duration of sunlight is more than 12h.

3. Egg laying and parasitism rates of the blue long shield golden wasp at different host ages

Test setup: In a small area of rubber saplings, the brown-stage adults, black adults (1-2d scales laying eggs), black adults (5-6d scales laying eggs), and black adults (egg-laying scales) were selected respectively. 9-10d scale insects) each 20 heads, for standby use, take the parasitic wasps of Example 3, and according to the method for receiving bees as in Example 3, at a temperature of 33 ° C, the humidity is 60 ~ 70% in an artificial climate box to pick up the bees, The photoperiod was 14L:10D. After 24 hours, the wasps were taken out and dissected to observe the number of eggs laid and the number of parasitized scale insects, and the parasitic rate of the wasps was calculated.

Table 4 Ovulation and parasitism rates of the blue longshield wasp at different host ages

It can be seen from the above table that the host developmental stage has a significant impact on the oviposition of the blue longshield wasp. In the range of the initial adult-black stage adult, with the increase of the developmental stage, the parasitism rate and egg production increase, and the black stage ( Egg laying 5-6d) was the highest, which were 43.3 and 95.6% respectively, indicating that it is advisable to use 5-6d oviposition adults as the intermediate host during propagation.

4. The development and reproduction of the blue long-shield golden wasp at different receiving temperatures

Test setting: according to the high temperature pick-up of bee of embodiment 3, then put the scale insects that have been picked up bee respectively under 24 ℃, 27 ℃, 30 ℃, 33 ℃, 35 ℃, the control photoperiod such as embodiment 3 is L: D=14h:10h, culture under the condition of humidity 60%～70%, observe the developmental period, the number of bees, the sex ratio and so on.

Table 5 The development and reproduction of the blue long shield golden bee under different picker temperatures

The results showed that: in the range of 24-33℃, with the increase of temperature, the developmental period of the blue long shield golden bee gradually shortened, and the number of outgoing bees gradually increased, and the highest at 33℃; among them, the female rate was at It is higher at 30-35°C, reaching 65.71% at 33°C, indicating that the parasitoid of the present invention can achieve effective propagation at 30-33°C.

5. The development and reproduction of the blue long shield golden wasp under different photoperiods

Test setting: according to the high temperature pick-up of Example 3, then put the pickled scale insects into 8L:16D, 10L:12D, 12L:12D, 14L:10D, 8L:16D for a total of 5 photoperiods, as implemented In Example 3, the control temperature was 33° C. and the humidity was 60% to 70%.

Table 6 Development and reproduction of the blue long shield golden wasp under different photoperiods

The results showed that in the range of 8L:16D～14L:10D, with the prolongation of the light time, the developmental period of the blue long shield golden bee gradually shortened, and the number of bees increased; the female rate was the highest in 8L:16D, which was 68.47% , followed by 14L:10D. Combined with parameters such as the number of bees, developmental speed, and female rate, the choice of 14L:10D for the golden bee is the most conducive to improving its propagation efficiency.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (8)

1. A method for multiplying the blue long shield golden bee, which is characterized in that: comprising the steps of:

   Step 1: Select the host plant: Select the rubber seedlings planted to a height of 80-100cm as the host plant for standby;

   Step 2: cultivating the adult host: collecting the newly hatched nymphs of Lexocarpus auratus or O. vulgaris, and inoculating it on the rubber sapling to cultivate, until it develops to the adult that lays eggs 5-6d, for subsequent use;

   Step 3: High temperature pick-up: The blue long shield golden bee is used as a parasitic wasp, and the host plant with the adults of the wax scale larvae cultivated in step 2 is placed in a pick-up cage with a temperature of 30-33°C , the number ratio of the female parasitoid to the adult host is 1:(30～40), and the photoperiod is controlled to be L:D=14h:10h～16h:8h;

   Step 4: After the bee picking is completed, take out the host plant with the bee scale insects, cultivate at a temperature of 30-33 ℃, control the photoperiod to be L:D=12h:12h-14h:10h, and collect the parasitic wasp products , into the wild parasitic wasp species for rejuvenation.
2. A method for multiplying the golden bee of blue long shield as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in step 2, the newly hatched nymphs of the olive black helmet scale are used to cultivate the adult host.
3. The method for multiplying the blue long shield golden bee as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in step 3, the humidity of picking up the bees is 60%-70%, and the time for picking up the bees is 2-3d.
4. The method for multiplying the golden bee blue as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in step 3, the female parasitoid is made of golden bees with a ratio of 1:1. The female and male bees were obtained by free mating at 30-33℃ for 1 day.
5. The method for propagating the golden bee as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in step 4, the humidity of cultivation is 60%-70%, and the cultivation time is 15-18 d.
6. A method for multiplying the golden bees of blue long shield as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 4, when the golden bees of blue long shield develop to a pupation rate of 90%～100%, Peel off a part of the parasitic wasp pupae, put them into an oven at 33 ° C to dry the water or use a hair dryer to dry the water for field release, and the other part is put into a bee picker cage to continue culturing. A new round of bee expansion is carried out by adding honey or sucrose aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 18-22%.
7. The method for multiplying the blue long shield golden bee as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: in step 4, 40%-60% of wild blue long shield golden bees are added every 3 to 4 months. The bees may choose the robust and vigorous blue long-shielded golden wasps that propagate indoors as the bee species for rejuvenation.
8. The method for multiplying the blue long shield golden bee as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in step 3, the volume of the honeycomb cage is 400cm×300cm×180cm, and is isolated by gauze.