WO2022223966A1 - Von willebrand factor (vwf) inhibitors - Google Patents

Von willebrand factor (vwf) inhibitors Download PDF

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WO2022223966A1
WO2022223966A1 PCT/GB2022/050989 GB2022050989W WO2022223966A1 WO 2022223966 A1 WO2022223966 A1 WO 2022223966A1 GB 2022050989 W GB2022050989 W GB 2022050989W WO 2022223966 A1 WO2022223966 A1 WO 2022223966A1
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seq
antibody
antigen
chain variable
binding fragment
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French (fr)
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Nadine CLEMO
Alan Lewis
Tom MCKINNON
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Ip2ipo Innovations Ltd
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Ip2ipo Innovations Ltd
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Priority to KR1020237036079A priority Critical patent/KR20240004332A/ko
Priority to IL307441A priority patent/IL307441A/en
Priority to AU2022262695A priority patent/AU2022262695A1/en
Priority to CA3214716A priority patent/CA3214716A1/en
Priority to MX2023012391A priority patent/MX2023012391A/es
Priority to BR112023021631A priority patent/BR112023021631A2/pt
Priority to CN202280030093.5A priority patent/CN117597367A/zh
Priority to US18/556,638 priority patent/US20240228660A1/en
Priority to JP2023565152A priority patent/JP2024514708A/ja
Priority to EP22720748.7A priority patent/EP4326778A1/en
Publication of WO2022223966A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022223966A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/36—Immunoglobulins [IG], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against blood coagulation factors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/02—Antithrombotic agents; Anticoagulants; Platelet aggregation inhibitors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
    • C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
    • C07K2317/34—Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/71—Decreased effector function due to an Fc-modification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/70—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by effect upon binding to a cell or to an antigen
    • C07K2317/76—Antagonist effect on antigen, e.g. neutralization or inhibition of binding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/11—Antisense
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2310/00—Structure or type of the nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/10—Type of nucleic acid
    • C12N2310/14—Type of nucleic acid interfering nucleic acids [NA]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
    • G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
    • G01N2333/745—Assays involving non-enzymic blood coagulation factors
    • G01N2333/755—Factors VIII, e.g. factor VIII C [AHF], factor VIII Ag [VWF]

Definitions

  • VWF Von Willebrand Factor
  • the present invention relates to inhibitors of Von Willebrand Factor (VWF), and particularly, although not exclusively, to inhibitors which target the C 1 -C 6 domain of VWF.
  • the invention extends to compositions comprising the inhibitors, including pharmaceutical compositions and kits.
  • the invention also extends to methods of using the inhibitors, for example in therapy and diagnosis of conditions caused by platelet- mediated aggregation, including various cardiovascular diseases, such as acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP), ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis.
  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and a number of other cardiac and vascular conditions, remain the leading cause of death globally.
  • CVDs are characterised by thrombotic events, caused by uncontrolled platelet aggregation, that contribute to both cell death and organ failure.
  • platelets such as aspirin, clopidogrel, and abciximab. Due to their complementary mechanisms of action, the combination of these agents inhibits platelet aggregation to a greater extent than any of the agents acting alone.
  • the use of these antiplatelet drugs is hampered by an increased bleeding risk, reducing their application in wider patient populations. Therefore, there remains a high unmet medical need for therapies that can treat thrombotic disorders without the severe risk of bleeding.
  • VWF Von Willebrand Factor
  • FVIII coagulation factor VIII
  • VWF and associated coagulation proteins bind together to seal the vessel wall.
  • Other functions have also been reported for VWF, including regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis.
  • the accumulation of VWF has been associated with increased risk to CVDs.
  • UUVWF ultra-long VWF
  • TTP thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
  • Caplacizumab a monoclonal antibody
  • Caplacizumab is the only approved anti-VWF therapy, which has been shown to block the binding of VWF to platelets and reduce thrombi formation in TTP patients.
  • this antibody functions by targeting and inhibiting the A1 domain of VWF (see Figure 1).
  • the A1 domain is essential for collagen binding, and therefore platelet binding, under low shear conditions, for normal haemostasis to take place.
  • Treatment with Caplacizumab results in a severe bleeding risk in patients.
  • TTP a rare and fatal blood clotting disorder
  • the benefit of taking Caplacizumab outweighs the risk of severe bleeding.
  • this severe bleeding risk is not acceptable for patients suffering from other CVDs, including ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Therefore, there exists a significant unmet medical need for new antithrombotic therapies that can be used to treat a wider range of thrombotic disorders, without the risk of severe bleeding.
  • the inventors have identified that a previously untargeted region of VWF, within the C 1 -C 6 domain (see Figure 1), is critical for the binding of VWF to collagen, allowing platelets to clot under high shear rates, such as those found in thrombotic conditions.
  • the C 1 -C 6 domain is not essential for collagen binding, and therefore platelet binding, under low shear conditions (i.e. normal bleeding). Accordingly, this identifies the C 1 -C 6 domain of VWF as a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of a number of conditions caused by platelet-mediated aggregation or thrombotic-related conditions, including aTTP, ischemic stroke and atherosclerosis.
  • VWF C 1 -C 6 region By inhibiting the ability of the VWF C 1 -C 6 region to bind to collagen under high shear rates, they could reduce platelet clotting in thrombotic conditions. Importantly, by targeting this region, VWF retains its ability to bind to platelets as normal under low shear rates (via the A1 domain), for normal haemostasis to occur, and so does not suffer from the significant problems associated with using Caplacizumab. This has led to the inventors’ further work in developing antibodies that are capable of targeting the C 1 -C 6 domain of VWF to inhibit its pro- thrombotic function.
  • an inhibitor that specifically binds to one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of Von Willebrand Factor (VWF).
  • VWF Von Willebrand Factor
  • the inventors have developed eight antibodies that target within the C 1 -C 6 domains of VWF. Furthermore, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the inventors have demonstrated that surprisingly the antibodies significantly reduce platelet aggregation under high shear rates, i.e. pathological conditions, but under low shear rates, i.e. normal conditions, platelet capture is preserved. This demonstrates that targeting one or more of the C 1 -C 6 domains of VWF, inhibits the pro-thrombotic function of VWF, without inhibiting its normal haemostatic function. The inventors have demonstrated that monoclonal antibodies according to the invention bind to the C 5 domain of VWF, with sub-nM affinities (see Figure 9).
  • the inhibitor of the invention specifically binds to the C 3 and C 5 domains of VWF (antibody 1-D5).
  • the inhibitor of the invention specifically binds to the C 4 and C 5 domains of VWF (antibody 3-H9).
  • the inhibitor of the invention specifically binds to the C 5 domain of VWF.
  • the inhibitor may additionally bind to one or more of the C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 and/or C 6 domains.
  • the inhibitor of the invention may not substantially bind to the C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 and/or C 6 domains of VWF.
  • the inhibitor of the invention has substantially no cross-reactivity with the C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 and/or C 6 domains of VWF.
  • the inhibitor does not substantially bind to the C 3 and/or C 4 domains of VWF.
  • the inhibitor of the invention is capable of inhibiting the function of one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of VWF.
  • the inhibitor of the invention is capable of inhibiting the function of the C 5 domain of VWF.
  • the inhibitor is capable of inhibiting the function of one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of VWF, such that platelet binding is inhibited under conditions of high shear rate, i.e. pathological conditions.
  • the inhibitor is capable of inhibiting the function of one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of VWF, such that platelet binding is not inhibited under conditions of low shear rate, i.e. normal conditions.
  • the amino acid sequence of VWF may be represented by Genbank ID No: NM_000552.5, which is provided herein as SEQ ID No: 1, as follows:
  • the inhibitor may therefore bind to a region between amino acid positions 2255 and 2722 of SEQ ID No: 1, which correspond to C 1 -C 6 domains of VWF.
  • the inhibitor may bind to one or more amino acids between amino acid positions 2255 and 2722 of VWF, corresponding to the C 1 -C 6 domains, which is provided herein as SEQ ID No: 2, as follows:
  • the inhibitor binds to one or more amino acids within a sequence comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 2, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • amino acid sequence of the C 1 domain of VWF may be provided herein as SEQ ID No: 3, as follows: Thus, preferably the inhibitor binds to one or more amino acids or an epitope within a sequence comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 3, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • amino acid sequence of the C 2 domain of VWF may be provided herein as SEQ ID No: 4, as follows: Thus, preferably the inhibitor binds to one or more amino acids or an epitope within a sequence comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 4, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • amino acid sequence of the C 3 domain of VWF may be provided herein as SEQ ID No: 5, as follows: Thus, preferably the inhibitor binds to one or more amino acids or an epitope within a sequence comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 5, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • amino acid sequence of the C 4 domain of VWF may be provided herein as SEQ ID No: 6, as follows: Thus, preferably the inhibitor binds to one or more amino acids or an epitope within a sequence comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 6, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • amino acid sequence of the C 5 domain of VWF may be provided herein as SEQ ID No: 7, as follows: Thus, preferably the inhibitor binds to one or more amino acids or an epitope within a sequence comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 7, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • amino acid sequence of the C 6 domain of VWF may be provided herein as SEQ ID No: 8, as follows: Thus, preferably the inhibitor binds to one or more amino acids or an epitope within a sequence comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 8, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • A1 and A3 domains are essential for collagen binding and, therefore, platelet binding.
  • targeting of the A1 and A3 domains inhibits platelet binding under conditions of low shear rate, i.e. normal conditions, resulting in a severe bleeding risk in patients.
  • the inhibitor of the invention which targets one or more of the C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or x 6 domains of VWF does so specifically, and has no or little cross-reactivity with the A1, A2, and/or A3 domains of VWF, because this could result in significant unwanted off-target effects, such as a severe risk of bleeding.
  • the inhibitor of the invention does not substantially bind to an A1, A2, and/or A3 domain of VWF.
  • the inhibitor of the invention has substantially no cross-reactivity with a A1, A2, and/or A3 domain of VWF.
  • the inhibitor of the invention has substantially no cross-reactivity with the A1 domain of VWF.
  • amino acid sequence of the A1 domain of VWF may be provided herein as SEQ ID No: 153, as follows: Thus, preferably the inhibitor does not bind to a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 153, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • amino acid sequence of the A2 domain of VWF may be provided herein as SEQ ID No: 154, as follows: [SEQ ID No: 154] Thus, preferably the inhibitor does not bind to a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 154, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • amino acid sequence of the A3 domain of VWF may be provided herein as SEQ ID No: 155, as follows:
  • the inhibitor does not bind to a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 155, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the inhibitor is an antibody, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
  • an antibody, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof inhibitor that specifically binds to one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of Von Willebrand Factor (VWF), and which preferably does not substantially bind to an A1, A2 and/or A3 domain of VWF.
  • VWF Von Willebrand Factor
  • the invention extends to both whole antibodies (i.e. immunoglobulins) with immunospecificity for one or more of the C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of VWF (preferably C 5 ), as well as to antigen-binding fragments or regions of the corresponding full-length antibody.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may be monovalent, divalent or polyvalent.
  • Monovalent antibodies are dimers (HL) comprising a heavy (H) chain associated by a disulphide bridge with a light chain (L).
  • Divalent antibodies are tetramer (H 2 L 2 ) comprising two dimers associated by at least one disulphide bridge.
  • Polyvalent antibodies may also be produced, for example by linking multiple dimers.
  • the basic structure of an antibody molecule consists of two identical light chains and two identical heavy chains which associate non-covalently and can be linked by disulphide bonds. Each heavy and light chain contains an amino-terminal variable region of about 110 amino acids, and constant sequences in the remainder of the chain.
  • the variable region includes several hypervariable regions, or Complementarity Determining Regions (CDRs), that form the antigen-binding site of the antibody molecule and determine its specificity for the antigen, i.e. one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of VWF (preferably C 5 ), or variant or fragment thereof (e.g. an epitope).
  • CDRs Complementarity Determining Regions
  • Antibody fragments may include a bi-specific antibody (BsAb) or a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR).
  • the heavy chain constant region typically comprises three domains, C H1 , C H2 , and C H3 .
  • Each light chain typically comprises a light chain variable region (V L ) and a light chain constant region.
  • the light chain constant region typically comprises one domain, abbreviated CL.
  • Each heavy chain and light chain generally comprise three CDRs and four FRs, arranged in the following order (from N-terminus to C-terminus): FR1 - CDR1 - FR2 - CDR2 - FR3 - CDR3 - FR4.
  • the CDRs are involved in antigen binding and confer antigen specificity and binding affinity to the antibody. See Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest 5th ed. (1991) Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the heavy chain from any vertebrate species can be assigned to one of five different classes (or isotypes): IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. These classes are also designated ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , and ⁇ , respectively.
  • the IgG and IgA classes are further divided into subclasses on the basis of differences in sequence and function. Humans express the following subclasses: IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2.
  • the IgG antibody class is preferred.
  • the light chain from any vertebrate species can be assigned to one of two types, called kappa and lambda, based on the sequence of the constant domain.
  • the constant region consists of one of five heavy chain sequences ( ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , or ⁇ ) and one of two light chain sequences ( ⁇ or ⁇ ).
  • the heavy chain constant region sequences determine the isotype of the antibody and the effector functions of the molecule.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is isolated or purified.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a polyclonal antibody, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may be generated in a rabbit, mouse or rat.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is obtained by immunising a host animal with a C 1 -C 6 -Fc protein, or a variant or fragment thereof, such as any one or more of C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain, and then collecting the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
  • the host animal may be a rabbit.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a monoclonal antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or fragment thereof of may be mammalian.
  • the antibody of the invention is a human antibody.
  • human antibody can mean an antibody, such as a monoclonal antibody, which comprises substantially the same heavy and light chain CDR amino acid sequences as found in a particular human antibody exhibiting immunospecificity for one or more of C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domains of VWF (preferably C 5 ), or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • An amino acid sequence which is substantially the same as a heavy or light chain CDR, exhibits a considerable amount of sequence identity when compared to a reference sequence. Such identity is definitively known or recognisable as representing the amino acid sequence of the particular human antibody.
  • Substantially the same heavy and light chain CDR amino acid sequence can have, for example, minor modifications or conservative substitutions of amino acids.
  • Such a human antibody or fragment thereof maintains its function of selectively binding to at least one of the C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domains of VWF (preferably C 5 ), or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the term “human monoclonal antibody” can include a monoclonal antibody with substantially or entirely human CDR amino acid sequences produced, for example by recombinant methods, such as production by a phage library, by lymphocytes or by hybridoma cells.
  • the term “monoclonal antibody” refers to an antibody from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies.
  • a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies comprises antibodies that are substantially similar and that bind the same epitope(s), except for variants that may normally arise during production of the monoclonal antibody. Such variants are generally present in only minor amounts.
  • a monoclonal antibody is typically obtained by a process that includes the selection of a single antibody from a plurality of antibodies. For example, the selection process can be the selection of a unique clone from a plurality of clones, such as a pool of hybridoma clones, phage clones, yeast clones, bacterial clones, or other recombinant DNA clones.
  • the selected antibody can be further altered, for example, to improve affinity for the target (by so-called “affinity maturation”), to humanize the antibody, to improve its production in cell culture, and/or to reduce its immunogenicity in a subject.
  • affinity maturation can mean an antibody from a non-human species (e.g. mouse or rabbit) whose protein sequences have been modified to increase their similarity to antibodies produced naturally in humans.
  • the antibody may be a recombinant antibody.
  • recombinant human antibody can include a human antibody produced using recombinant DNA technology.
  • the term “antigen-binding fragment” can mean a region of the antibody having specific binding affinity for its target antigen, for example, one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of VWF (preferably C 5 ), or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the fragment is an epitope.
  • the epitope may be linear or conformational.
  • the antigen- binding region may be a hypervariable CDR or a functional portion thereof.
  • the term “functional portion” of a CDR can mean a sequence within the CDR which shows specific affinity for the target antigen.
  • the functional portion of a CDR may comprise a ligand which specifically binds to one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of VWF (preferably C 5 ), or a fragment thereof.
  • CDR can mean a hypervariable region in the heavy and light variable chains. There may be one, two, three or more CDRs in each of the heavy and light chains of the antibody. Normally, there are at least three CDRs on each chain which, when configured together, form the antigen-binding site, i.e. the three-dimensional combining site with which the antigen binds or specifically reacts. It has however been postulated that there may be four CDRs in the heavy chains of some antibodies.
  • CDR also includes overlapping or subsets of amino acid residues when compared against each other.
  • residue numbers which encompass a particular CDR or a functional portion thereof will vary depending on the sequence and size of the CDR.
  • Those skilled in the art can routinely determine which residues comprise a particular CDR given the variable region amino acid sequence of the antibody.
  • the amino acid sequence boundaries of a CDR can be determined by using any of a number of known numbering schemes, including those described by Kabat et al., supra (“Kabat” numbering scheme); Al-Lazikani et al., 1997, J. Mol. Biol., 273:927-948 (“Chothia” numbering scheme); MacCallum et al., 1996, J. Mol.
  • the term “functional fragment” of an antibody can mean a portion of the antibody which retains a functional activity.
  • a functional activity can be, for example antigen binding activity or specificity.
  • a functional activity can also be, for example, an effector function provided by an antibody constant region.
  • the term “functional fragment” is also intended to include, for example, fragments produced by protease digestion or reduction of a human monoclonal antibody and by recombinant DNA methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • Human monoclonal antibody functional fragments include, for example individual heavy or light chains and fragments thereof, such as VL, VH and Fd; monovalent fragments, such as Fv, Fab, and Fab'; bivalent fragments such as F(ab') 2 ; single chain Fv (scFv); and Fc fragments.
  • the Fc fragment of the antibody may be disabled by introducing amino acid substitutions into the Fc region, which silence or reduce the effector function of the antibody.
  • VL fragment can mean a fragment of the light chain of a human monoclonal antibody which includes all or part of the light chain variable region, including the CDRs.
  • a VL fragment can further include light chain constant region sequences.
  • VH fragment can mean a fragment of the heavy chain of a human monoclonal antibody which includes all or part of the heavy chain variable region, including the CDRs.
  • Fd fragment can mean the heavy chain variable region coupled to the first heavy chain constant region, i.e. VH and CH-1. The “Fd fragment” does not include the light chain, or the second and third constant regions of the heavy chain.
  • Fv fragment can mean a monovalent antigen-binding fragment of a human monoclonal antibody, including all or part of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains, and absent of the constant regions of the heavy and light chains.
  • the variable regions of the heavy and light chains include, for example, the CDRs.
  • an Fv fragment includes all or part of the amino terminal variable region of about 110 amino acids of both the heavy and light chains.
  • Fab fragment can mean a monovalent antigen-binding fragment of a human monoclonal antibody that is larger than an Fv fragment.
  • a Fab fragment includes the variable regions, and all or part of the first constant domain of the heavy and light chains.
  • a Fab fragment additionally includes, for example, amino acid residues from about 110 to about 220 of the heavy and light chains.
  • the term “Fab' fragment” can mean a monovalent antigen-binding fragment of a human monoclonal antibody that is larger than a Fab fragment.
  • a Fab' fragment includes all of the light chain, all of the variable region of the heavy chain, and all or part of the first and second constant domains of the heavy chain.
  • a Fab' fragment can additionally include some or all of amino acid residues 220 to 330 of the heavy chain.
  • F(ab')2 fragment can mean a bivalent antigen-binding fragment of a human monoclonal antibody.
  • An F(ab')2 fragment includes, for example, all or part of the variable regions of two heavy chains-and two light chains, and can further include all or part of the first constant domains of two heavy chains and two light chains.
  • the term “single chain Fv (scFv)” can mean a fusion of the variable regions of the heavy (VH) and light chains (VL) connected with a short linker peptide.
  • the term “bispecific antibody (BsAb)” can mean a bispecific antibody comprising two scFv linked to each other by a shorter linked peptide.
  • a functional fragment of the antibody may comprise or consist of a fragment with substantially the same heavy and light chain variable regions as the human antibody.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof with respect to the first aspect of the invention, is immunospecific for an epitope within one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of VWF.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is immunospecific for an epitope within the C 3 and C 5 domains of VWF (antibody 1-D5).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is immunospecific for an epitope within the C 4 and C 5 domains of VWF (antibody 3-H9). Even more preferably, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, is immunospecific for an epitope within the C 5 domain of VWF.
  • the antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise or consist of any of the fragments selected from a group consisting of VH, VL, Fd, Fv, Fab, Fab', scFv, F (ab')2 and Fc fragment.
  • the antigen-binding fragment thereof may be a single domain antibody (sdAb), otherwise referred to as a nanobody, which the skilled person would understand is an antibody fragment consisting of a single monomeric variable antibody domain.
  • the antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise or consist of any one of the antigen binding region sequences of the VL, any one of the antigen binding region sequences of the VH, or a combination of VL and VH antigen binding regions of a human antibody.
  • the appropriate number and combination of VH and VL antigen binding region sequences may be determined by those skilled in the art depending on the desired affinity and specificity and the intended use of the antigen-binding fragment.
  • Functional fragments or antigen-binding fragments of antibodies may be readily produced and isolated using methods well known to those skilled in the art.
  • proteolytic methods for the isolation of functional fragments comprise using human antibodies as a starting material.
  • Enzymes suitable for proteolysis of human immunoglobulins may include, for example, papain, and pepsin.
  • the appropriate enzyme may be readily chosen by one skilled in the art, depending on, for example, whether monovalent or bivalent fragments are required.
  • papain cleavage results in two monovalent Fab' fragments that bind antigen and an Fc fragment.
  • Pepsin cleavage results in a bivalent F (ab') fragment.
  • An F (ab') 2 fragment of the invention may be further reduced using, for example, DTT or 2- mercaptoethanol to produce two monovalent Fab' fragments.
  • Functional or antigen-binding fragments of antibodies produced by proteolysis may be purified by affinity and column chromatographic procedures. For example, undigested antibodies and Fc fragments may be removed by binding to protein A. Additionally, functional fragments may be purified by virtue of their charge and size, using, for example, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Such methods are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may be produced by recombinant methodology. Preferably, one initially isolates a polynucleotide encoding desired regions of the antibody heavy and light chains.
  • Such regions may include, for example, all or part of the variable region of the heavy and light chains.
  • such regions can particularly include the antigen binding regions of the heavy and light chains, preferably the antigen binding sites, most preferably the CDRs.
  • the polynucleotide encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to the invention may be produced using methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • the polynucleotide encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may be directly synthesized by methods of oligonucleotide synthesis known in the art. Alternatively, smaller fragments may be synthesized and joined to form a larger functional fragment using recombinant methods known in the art.
  • the term “immunospecificity” can mean the binding region of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is capable of immunoreacting with one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of VWF (preferably C 5 ), or a variant or fragment thereof, by specifically binding therewith.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof can preferably selectively interact with an antigen (one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of VWF - preferably C 5 ) with an affinity constant of approximately 10 -5 to 10 -13 M -1 , preferably 10 -6 to 10 -9 M -1 , even more preferably, 10 -10 to 10 -12 M -1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof preferably does not substantially bind to A1, A2, and/or A3 domains of VWF, such that the affinity constant is approximately more than 10 -10 M -1 , 10 -9 M -1 , 10 -8 M -1 , 10 -7 M -1 , or 10 -6 M -1, preferably more than 10 -5 M -1 , 10 -4 M -1 or 10 -3 M -1 and even more preferably 10 -2 M -1 10 -1 M -1 or 10- 2 M -1 and most preferably 10 +1 M -1 , 10 +2 M -1 or 10 +3 M -1 .
  • the term “immunoreact” can mean the binding region is capable of eliciting an immune response upon binding with one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of VWF, or an epitope thereof.
  • epitope can mean any region of an antigen with the ability to elicit, and combine with, a binding region of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
  • the epitope may be linear. This can mean that the antibody interacts with a plurality of continuous amino acids of the antigen, and so the epitope can consist of these defined amino acids. Alternatively, the epitope may be conformational, i.e. non-linear or discontinuous.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a heavy chain.
  • the heavy chain may be selected from the group consisting of IgA; IgD; IgE; IgG and IgM.
  • the heavy chain is an IgG.
  • the heavy chain is an IgA.
  • the heavy chain may be an IgG1.
  • the heavy chain may be an IgG2.
  • the heavy chain may be an IgG3.
  • the heavy chain may be an IgG4.
  • the heavy chain may be an IgA1.
  • the heavy chain may be an IgA2.
  • the inventors have surprisingly demonstrated that the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments referred to herein as 1-A2, 4-H 3 , 1-D5, 3-H9, 1-G5, 4-H9, 4-B12, and 4-C 6 , are able to significantly target one or more of the C 1 -C 6 domains of VWF, and each of these antibodies are defined below in detail.
  • the CDR/FR/VH/VL, HC and LC sequences of these eight antibodies are conveniently summarised in the table shown in Figure 8.
  • 1-A2 Accordingly, in one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 9, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 9, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 10, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 10, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 11, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 11, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 9, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 10 and/or a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 11.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 9, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 10 and a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 11.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 12, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 12, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 13, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 13, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 14, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 14, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 15, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 15, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 12, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 13, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 14, and/or a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 15.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 12, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 13, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 14, and a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 15.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a heavy chain variable (VH) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 16, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 16, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 17, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 18, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 18, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 19, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 19, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 20, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 20, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 18, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 19, and/or a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 20.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 18, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 19, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 20.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 21, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 21, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 22, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 22, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 23, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 23, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 24, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 24, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 21, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 22, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 23, and/or a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 24.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 21, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 22, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 23, and a FR- L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 24.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a light chain variable (VL) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 25, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 25, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 26, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or at least six CDRs.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least CDR-H 3 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 9, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 10; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 11, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 18, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 19, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 20.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 16, and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 25.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 17, and a light chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 26.
  • the inventors then set out to generate humanised antibodies of 1-A2, and the sequences of the humanised antibodies are illustrated in Figure 10. Unless stated otherwise, the six CDR sequences of the humanised antibodies are identical to the six CDR sequences of the parental antibody 1-A2.
  • 1-A2_parental (hIgG1) In one embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_parental (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 156, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 25, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 156 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 25.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_parental (hIgG1-L 2 34A-L 2 35A-P329G).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 156, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 25, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 156 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 25.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 162, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 162 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-A2_parental (hIgG1-Fab) Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_parental (hIgG1-Fab).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 156, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 25, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 156 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 25.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 163, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 163 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-A2_H0 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_H0 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 164, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 10, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 11, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 18, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 19, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 20, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 164, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 10; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 11, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 18, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 19, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 20.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 165, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 25, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 165 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 25.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_H1 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 194, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 25, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 194 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 25.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-A2_H 2 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_H 2 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 172, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 25, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 172 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 25.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-A2_L0 hIgG1K
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_L0 (hIgG1K).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 156, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 190, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 156 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 190.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_L 1 (hIgG1K).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 156, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 191, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 156 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 191.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-A2_H 2 _L 1 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_H 2 _L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 172, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 191, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 172 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 191.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-A2_H 2 _L0 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_H 2 _L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 172, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 190, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 172 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 190.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_H1_L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 194, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 191, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 194 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 191.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-A2_H1_L0 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_H1_L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 194, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 190, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 194 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 190.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-A2_H0_L 1 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_H0_L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 164, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 10, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 11, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 18, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 19, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 20, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 164, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 10; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 11, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 18, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 19, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 20.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 165, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 191, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 165 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 191.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-A2_H0_L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 164, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 10, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 11, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 18, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 19, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 20, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 164, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 10; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 11, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 18, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 19, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 20.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 165, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 190, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 165 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 190.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 In one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 27, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 27, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 28, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 28, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 29, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 29, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 27, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 28 and/or a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 29.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 27, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 28 and a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 29.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 30, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 30, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 31, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 31, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 32, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 32, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 33, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 33, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 30, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 31, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 32, and/or a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 33.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 30, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 31, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 32, and a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 33.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a heavy chain variable (VH) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 34, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 34, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • One embodiment of the nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy chain variable (VH) region is referred to herein as SEQ ID No: 35, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 35, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 36, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 36, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 37, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 37, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 38, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 38, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 36, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 37, and/or a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 38.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 36, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 37, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 38.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 39, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 39, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 40, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 40, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 41, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 41, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 42, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 42, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 39, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 40, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 41, and/or a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 42.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 39, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 40, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 41, and a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 42.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a light chain variable (VL) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 43, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 43, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • One embodiment of the nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variable (VL) region is referred to herein as SEQ ID No: 44, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 44, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or at least six CDRs.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least CDR-H 3 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 27, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 28; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 29, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 36, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 37, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 38.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 34, and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 43.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 35, and a light chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 44.
  • the inventors then set out to generate humanised antibodies of 4-H 3 , and the sequences of the humanised antibodies are illustrated in Figure 10.
  • the six CDR sequences of the humanised antibodies are identical to the six CDR sequences of the parental antibody 4-H 3 .
  • 4-H 3 _parental (hIgG1) the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _parental (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 159, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 43, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 159 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 43.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _parental hIgG1-L 2 34A-L 2 35A-P329G
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _parental (hIgG1-L 2 34A-L 2 35A-P329G).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 159, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 43, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 159 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 43.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 162, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 162 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _parental (hIgG1-Fab).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 159, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 43, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 159 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 43.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 163, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 163 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H0 hIgG1
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H0 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 164, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 28, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 29, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 36, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 37, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 38, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 164, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 28; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 29, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 36, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 37, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 38.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 165, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 43, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 165 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 43.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H1 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 194, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 43, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 194 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 43.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H 2 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H 2 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 166, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 43, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 166 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 43.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H 3 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H 3 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 167, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 43, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 167 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 43.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H 4 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 168, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 43, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 168 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 43.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H5 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H5 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 169, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 43, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 169 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 43.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H6 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H6 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 170, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 43, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 170 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 43.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H7 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 171, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 43, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 171 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 43.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H8 (hIgG1) Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H8 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 172, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 43, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 172 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 43.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _L0 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _L0 (hIgG1K).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 159, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 185, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 159 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 185.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _L 1 (hIgG1K).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 159, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 186, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 159 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 186.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H8_L 1 the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H8_L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 172, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 186, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 172 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 186.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H8_L0 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H8_L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 172, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 185, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 172 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 185.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H7_L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 171, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 186, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 171 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 186.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H7_L0 rep Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H7_L0 rep.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 171, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 185, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 171 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 185.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H6_L 1 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H6_L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 170, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 186, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 170 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 186.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H6_L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 170, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 185, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 170 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 185.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H5_L 1 the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H5_L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 169, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 186, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 169 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 186.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H5_L0 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H5_L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 169, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 185, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 169 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 185.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H 4 _L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 168, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 186, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 168 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 186.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H 4 _L0 the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H 4 _L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 168, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 185, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 168 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 185.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H 3 _L 1 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H 3 _L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 167, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 186, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 167 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 186.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H 3 _L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 167, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 185, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 167 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 185.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H 2 _L 1 the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H 2 _L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 166, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 186, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 166 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 186.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H 2 _L0 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H 2 _L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 166, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 185, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 166 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 185.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H1_L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 194, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 186, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 194 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 186.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H1_L0 the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H1_L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 194, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 185, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 194 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 185.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 4-H 3 _H0_L 1 rep Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H0_L 1 rep.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 164, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 28, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 29, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 36, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 37, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 38, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 164, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 28; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 29, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 36, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 37, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 38.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 165, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 186, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 165 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 186.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H 3 _H0_L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 164, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 28, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 29, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 36, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 37, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 38, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 164, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 28; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 29, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 36, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 37, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 38.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 165, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 185, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 165 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 185.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-D5 In one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 45, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 45, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 46, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 46, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 47, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 47, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 45, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 46 and/or a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 47.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 45, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 46 and a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 47.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 48, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 48, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 49, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 49, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 50, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 50, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 51, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 51, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 48, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 49, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 50, and/or a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 51.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 48, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 49, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 50, and a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 51.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a heavy chain variable (VH) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 52, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 52, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • One embodiment of the nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy chain variable (VH) region is referred to herein as SEQ ID No: 53, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 53, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 54, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 54, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 55, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 55, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 56, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 56, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 54, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 55, and/or a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 56.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 54, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 55, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 56.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 57, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 57, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 58, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 58, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 59, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 59, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 60, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 60, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 57, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 58, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 59, and/or a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 60.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 57, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 58, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 59, and a FR- L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 60.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a light chain variable (VL) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 61, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 61, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • One embodiment of the nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variable (VL) region is referred to herein as SEQ ID No: 62, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 62, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or at least six CDRs.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least CDR-H 3 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 45, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 46; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 47, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 54, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 55, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 56.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 52, and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 61.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 53, and a light chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 62.
  • the inventors then set out to generate humanised antibodies of 1-D5, and the sequences of the humanised antibodies are illustrated in Figure 10. Unless stated otherwise, the six CDR sequences of the humanised antibodies are identical to the six CDR sequences of the parental antibody 1-D5.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_parental (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 52, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 61, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 52 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 61.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-D5_parental hIgG1-L 2 34A-L 2 35A-P329G
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_parental (hIgG1-L 2 34A-L 2 35A-P329G).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 52, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 61, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 52 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 61.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 162, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 162 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-D5_parental (hIgG1-Fab) Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_parental (hIgG1-Fab).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 52, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 61, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 52 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 61.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 163, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 163 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_H0 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 173, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 46, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 47, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 54, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 55, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 56, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 173, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 46; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 47, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 54, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 55, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 56.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 174, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 61, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 174 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 61.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_H1 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 175, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 61, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 175 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 61.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-D5_H 2 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_H 2 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 176, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 61, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 176 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 61.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-D5_L0 hIgG1K
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_L0 (hIgG1K).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 52, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 187, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 52 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 187.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_L 1 (hIgG1K).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 52, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 188, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 52 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 188.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-D5_H 2 _L 1 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_H 2 _L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 176, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 188, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 176 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 188.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-D5_H 2 _L0 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_H 2 _L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 176, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 187, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 176 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 187.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_H1_L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 175, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 188, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 175 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 188.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-D5_H1_L0 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_H1_L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 175, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 187, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 175 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 187.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-D5_H0_L 1 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_H0_L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 173, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 46, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 47, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 54, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 55, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 56, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 173, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 46; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 47, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 54, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 55, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 56.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 174, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 188, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 174 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 188.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-D5_H0_L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 173, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 46, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 47, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 54, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 55, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 56, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 173, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 46; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 47, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 54, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 55, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 56.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 174, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 187, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 174 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 187.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 3-H9 In one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 3-H9.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 63, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 63, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 64, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 64, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 65, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 65, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 63, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 64 and/or a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 65.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 63, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 64 and a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 65.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 66, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 66, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 67, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 67, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 68, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 68, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 69, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 69, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 66, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 67, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 68, and/or a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 69.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 66, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 67, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 68, and a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 69.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a heavy chain variable (VH) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 70, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 70, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • One embodiment of the nucleotide sequence encoding the heavy chain variable (VH) region is referred to herein as SEQ ID No: 71, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 71, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 72, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 72, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 73, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 73, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 74, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 74, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 72, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 73, and/or a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 74.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 72, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 73, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 74.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 75, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 75, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 76, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 76, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 77, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 77, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 78, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 78, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 75, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 76, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 77, and/or a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 78.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 75, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 76, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 77, and a FR- L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 78.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a light chain variable (VL) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 79, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 79, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • One embodiment of the nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variable (VL) region is referred to herein as SEQ ID No: 80, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 80, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or at least six CDRs.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least CDR-H 3 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 63, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 64; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 65, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 72, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 73, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 74.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 70, and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 79.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 71, and a light chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 80.
  • the inventors then set out to generate humanised antibodies of 3-H9, and the sequences of the humanised antibodies are illustrated in Figure 10. Unless stated otherwise, the six CDR sequences of the humanised antibodies are identical to the six CDR sequences of the parental antibody 3-H9.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 3-H9_parental (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 160, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 79, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 160 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 79.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 3-H9_parental hIgG1-L 2 34A-L 2 35A-P329G
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 3-H9_parental (hIgG1-L 2 34A-L 2 35A-P329G).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 160, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 79, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 160 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 79.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 162, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 162 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 3-H9_parental (hIgG1-Fab) Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 3-H9_parental (hIgG1-Fab).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 160, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 79, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 160 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 79.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 163, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 163 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 3-H9_H0 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 177, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 64, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 65, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 72, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 73, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 74, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 177, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 64; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 65, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 72, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 73, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 74.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 178, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 79, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 178 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 79.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 3-H9_H1 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 179, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 79, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 179 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 79.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 3-H9_H 2 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 3-H9_H 2 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 180, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 79, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 180 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 79.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 3-H9_L0 hIgG1K
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 3-H9_L0 (hIgG1K).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 160, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 189, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 160 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 189.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 3-H9_H 2 _L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 180, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 189, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 180 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 189.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 3-H9_H1_L0 the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 3-H9_H1_L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 179, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 189, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 179 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 189.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 3-H9_H0_L0 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 3-H9_H0_L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 177, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 64, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 65, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 72, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 73, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 74, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 177, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 64; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 65, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 72, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 73, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 74.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 178, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 189, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 178 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 189.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-G5 In one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 81, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 81, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 82, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 82, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 83, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 83, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 81, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 82 and/or a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 83.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 81, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 82 and a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 83.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 84, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 84, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 85, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 85, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 86, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 86, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 87, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 87, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 84, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 85, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 86, and/or a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 87.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 84, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 85, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 86, and a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 87.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a heavy chain variable (VH) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 88, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 88, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 89, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 90, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 90, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 91, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 91, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 92, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 92, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 90, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 91, and/or a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 92.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 90, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 91, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 92.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 93, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 93, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 94, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 94, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 95, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 95, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 96, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 96, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 93, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 94, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 95, and/or a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 96.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 93, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 94, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 95, and a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 96.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a light chain variable (VL) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 97, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 97, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • One embodiment of the nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variable (VL) region is referred to herein as SEQ ID No: 98, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 98, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or at least six CDRs.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least CDR-H 3 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 81, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 82; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 83, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 90, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 91, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 92.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 88, and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 97.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 89, and a light chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 98.
  • the inventors then set out to generate humanised antibodies of 1-G5, and the sequences of the humanised antibodies are illustrated in Figure 10.
  • the six CDR sequences of the humanised antibodies are identical to the six CDR sequences of the parental antibody 1-G5.
  • 1-G5_parental (hIgG1) the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_parental (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 161, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 97, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 161 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 97.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-G5_parental hIgG1-L 2 34A-L 2 35A-P329G
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_parental (hIgG1-L 2 34A-L 2 35A-P329G).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 161, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 97, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 161 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 97.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 162, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 162 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-G5_parental (hIgG1-Fab) Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_parental (hIgG1-Fab).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 161, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 97, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 161 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 97.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 163, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 163 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_H0 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 181, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 82, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 83, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 90, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 91, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 92, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 181, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 82; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 83, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 90, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 91, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 92.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 182, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 97, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 182 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 97.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_H1 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 183, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 97, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 183 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 97.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-G5_H 2 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_H 2 (hIgG1).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 184, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 97, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 184 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 97.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-G5_L0 hIgG1K
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_L0 (hIgG1K).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 161, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 192, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 161 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 192.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_L 1 (hIgG1K).
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 161, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 193, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 161 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 193.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-G5_H 2 _L 1 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_H 2 _L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 184, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 193, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 184 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 193.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-G5_H 2 _L0 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_H 2 _L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 184, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 192, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 184 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 192.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_H1_L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 183, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 193, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 183 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 193.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-G5_H1_L0 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_H1_L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 183, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VH heavy chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 192, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • VL light chain variable
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 183 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 192.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • HC heavy chain constant
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • 1-G5_H0_L 1 Alternatively, in another embodiment, the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_H0_L 1 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 181, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 82, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 83, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 90, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 91, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 92, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 181, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 82; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 83, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 90, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 91, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 92.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 182, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 193, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 182 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 193.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158.
  • the humanised antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 1-G5_H0_L0.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 181, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 82, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 83, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 90, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 91, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 92, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 181, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 82; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 83, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 90, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 91, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 92.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 182, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 192, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 182 and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 192.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant (HC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 157, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain constant (LC) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 158, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 157 and a light chain constant region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 158. 4-H9
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-H9.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 99, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 99, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 100, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 100, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 101, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 101, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 99, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 100 and/or a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 101.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 99, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 100 and a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 101.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 102, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 102, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 103, which is provided herein, as follows: Thus, preferably, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 103, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 104, which is provided herein, as follows: Thus, preferably, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 104, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 105, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 105, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 102, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 103, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 104, and/or a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 105.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 102, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 103, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 104, and a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 105.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a heavy chain variable (VH) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 106, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 106, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 107, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 108, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 108, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 109, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 109, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 110, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 110, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 108, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 109, and/or a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 110.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 108, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 109, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 110.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 111, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 111, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 112, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 112, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 113, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 113, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 114, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 114, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 111, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 112, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 113, and/or a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 114.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 111, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 112, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 113, and a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 114.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a light chain variable (VL) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 115, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 115, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • One embodiment of the nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variable (VL) region is referred to herein as SEQ ID No: 116, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 116, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or at least six CDRs.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least CDR-H 3 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 99, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 100; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 101, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 108, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 109, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 110.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 106, and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 115.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 107, and a light chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 116.
  • 4-B12 In one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-B12.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 117, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 117, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 118, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 118, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 119, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 119, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 117, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 118 and/or a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 119.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 117, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 118 and a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 119.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 120, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 120, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 121, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 121, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 122, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 122, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 123, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 123, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 120, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 121, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 122, and/or a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 123.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 120, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 121, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 122, and a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 123.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a heavy chain variable (VH) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 124, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 124, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 125, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 126, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 126, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 127, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 127, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 128, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 128, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 126, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 127, and/or a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 128.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 126, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 127, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 128.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 129, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 129, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 130, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 130, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 131, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 131, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 132, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 132, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 129, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 130, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 131, and/or a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 132.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 129, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 130, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 131, and a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 132.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a light chain variable (VL) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 133, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 133, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • One embodiment of the nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variable (VL) region is referred to herein as SEQ ID No: 134, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 134, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or at least six CDRs.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least CDR-H 3 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 117, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 118; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 119, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 126, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 127, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 128.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 124, and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 133.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 125, and a light chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 134.
  • 4-C 6 In one embodiment, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is referred to herein as 4-C 6 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 135, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 135, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 136, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 136, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 137, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 137, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 135, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 136 and/or a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 137.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 135, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 136 and a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 137.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H1 domain of SEQ ID No: 138, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 138, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 139, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 139, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 140, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 140, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-H 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 141, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 141, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 138, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 139, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 140, and/or a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 141.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 138, a FR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 139, a FR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 140, and a FR-H 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 141.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a heavy chain variable (VH) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 142, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 142, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable (VH) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 143, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 144, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 144, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 145, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 145, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a CDR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 146, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR- L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 146, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 144, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 145, and/or a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 146.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 144, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 145, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 146.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 1 domain of SEQ ID No: 147, which is provided herein, as follows: Thus, preferably, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 147, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 2 domain of SEQ ID No: 148, which is provided herein, as follows: Thus, preferably, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 148, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 3 domain of SEQ ID No: 149, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 149, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a FR-L 4 domain of SEQ ID No: 150, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 150, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 147, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 148, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 149, and/or a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 150.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a FR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 147, a FR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 148, a FR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 149, and a FR-L 4 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 150.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof may comprise a light chain variable (VL) sequence as set out in SEQ ID No: 151, which is provided herein, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of a sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 151, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • One embodiment of the nucleotide sequence encoding the light chain variable (VL) region is referred to herein as SEQ ID No: 152, as follows:
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a light chain variable (VL) region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence as substantially set out in SEQ ID No: 152, or a variant or fragment thereof.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or at least six CDRs.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least CDR-H 3 .
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a CDR-H1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 135, a CDR-H 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 136; a CDR-H 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 137, a CDR-L 1 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 144, a CDR-L 2 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 145, and a CDR-L 3 domain comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 146.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 142, and a light chain variable region comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 151.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 143, and a light chain variable region encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising or consisting of SEQ ID No: 152.
  • the inventors have surprisingly demonstrated that the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments thereof, referred to herein as 1-A2, 4-H 3 , 1- D5, 3-H9 and 1-G5, comprising a disabled Fc fragment, are able to bind C 1 -C 6 domains of VWF.
  • the Fc fragment is involved in platelet aggregation, and therefore, is associated with an increased risk of blood clotting and thrombosis.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the invention comprises a disabled Fc fragment.
  • the disabled Fc fragment comprises one or more amino acid substitution that silences or reduces the effector function of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
  • the disabled Fc fragment comprises one or more amino acid substitution selected from the group consisting of: L 2 34A, L 2 35A, and P329G.
  • the disabled Fc fragment comprises the amino acid substitutions L 2 34A, L 2 35A, and P329G.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof referred to herein as 1-A2, 4-H 3 , 1-D5, 3-H9 or 1-G5, comprises a disabled Fc fragment comprising the amino acid substitutions L 2 34A, L 2 35A, and P329G.
  • the inventors have demonstrated that the Fab fragments of antibody clones 1-A2, 4-H 3 , 1-D5, 3-H9 and 1-G5, are surprisingly able to bind C 1 -C 6 domains of VWF.
  • the antigen- binding fragment thereof comprises or consists of a Fab fragment.
  • the antigen-binding fragment thereof referred to herein as 1-A2, 4-H 3 , 1-D5, 3-H9 and 1- G5, comprises or consists of a Fab fragment.
  • the inhibitor can be an interfering nucleic acid molecule including: antisense oligonucleotide, siRNA, or dsRNA, which specifically targets a portion of an mRNA encoding one or more of the C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of VWF.
  • a functional interfering nucleic acid molecule including antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA molecules, or dsRNA molecules, is capable of specifically downregulating a target gene, preferably one or more exon thereof.
  • the inhibitor may be a biological agent, a small molecule drug, a protein, a nucleic acid, or a pharmaceutical agent.
  • the anti-C 1 -C 6 -VWF activity of the inhibitor according to the first aspect of the invention means that it has significant utility as a therapeutic agent in its own right, and may be used in the treatment, amelioration or prevention of a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation, such as a thrombotic-related condition.
  • a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation such as a thrombotic-related condition.
  • an inhibitor according to the first aspect for use in therapy.
  • an inhibitor according to the first aspect for use in treating, preventing or ameliorating a condition caused by platelet- mediated aggregation.
  • a method of treating, preventing or ameliorating a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation in a subject comprising administering, or having administered, to a patient in need of such treatment, a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor according to the first aspect.
  • the condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation may be selected from the group consisting of: a thrombotic-related condition; thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) (also referred to as acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP)), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation (AF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cardiovascular disease (CVD), thrombosis, unstable angina, stable angina, angina pectoris, embolus formation, deep vein thrombosis, haemolytic uremic syndrome, haemolytic anaemia, acute renal failure, thrombolytic complications, disseminated intravascular coagulation, coronary heart disease, thromboembolic complications, restenosis, chronic unstable angina, peripheral vascular disease, arterial thrombosis, pre-eclampsia, embolism, restenosis, sepsis, vascular inflammation, glomerul
  • the use or method in treating, preventing or ameliorating a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation comprises inhibiting platelet binding under conditions of high shear rate, i.e. pathological conditions.
  • the gradient in the blood flow speed (slope of the velocity profile) in the laminar layers is highest at the vessel wall.
  • This shear rate is termed wall shear rate.
  • the wall shear rate increases from about 10 s -1 in veins to about 15000 s -1 in the smallest arteries, whereas maximal wall shear rates up to 40,000 s -1 have been described for severe atherosclerotic arteries.
  • the temporal and spatial mean frequencies are directly related to velocity by means of the Doppler equation. From this velocity profile, the wall shear rate is calculated based on the maximum value of the derivative of the observed spatial velocity distribution with respect to the radius.
  • the inhibitor is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof. Most preferably, the inhibitor is one of the antibodies from Figure 8, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof. It will be appreciated that inhibitors according to the invention (referred to herein as “agents”) may be used in a monotherapy (e.g. the use of an inhibitor alone, more preferably one of the antibodies described herein), for treating, ameliorating or preventing a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation.
  • agents according to the invention may be used as an adjunct to, or in combination with, known therapies for treating, ameliorating, or preventing a condition caused by platelet- mediated aggregation, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, abciximab, heparin, warfarin, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) including, dabigatran (Pradaxa), rivaroxaban (Xarelto), apixaban (Eliquis), edoxaban (Savaysa), and betrixaban (Bevyxxa) .
  • DOACs direct oral anticoagulants
  • the agents according to the invention may be combined in compositions having a number of different forms depending, in particular, on the manner in which the composition is to be used.
  • the composition may be in the form of a powder, tablet, capsule, liquid, ointment, cream, gel, hydrogel, aerosol, spray, micellar solution, transdermal patch, liposome suspension or any other suitable form that may be administered to a person or animal in need of treatment.
  • vehicle of medicaments according to the invention should be one which is well- tolerated by the subject to whom it is given.
  • Medicaments comprising agents of the invention may be used in a number of ways. For instance, oral administration may be required, in which case the agents may be contained within a composition that may, for example, be ingested orally in the form of a tablet, capsule or liquid.
  • compositions comprising agents and medicaments of the invention may be administered by inhalation (e.g. intranasally).
  • Compositions may also be formulated for topical use. For instance, creams or ointments may be applied to the skin.
  • Agents and medicaments according to the invention may also be incorporated within a slow- or delayed-release device. Such devices may, for example, be inserted on or under the skin, and the medicament may be released over weeks or even months. The device may be located at least adjacent the treatment site. Such devices may be particularly advantageous when long-term treatment with agents used according to the invention is required and which would normally require frequent administration (e.g. at least daily injection).
  • agents and medicaments according to the invention may be administered to a subject by injection into the blood stream or directly into a site requiring treatment.
  • Injections may be intravenous (bolus or infusion) or subcutaneous (bolus or infusion), or intradermal (bolus or infusion).
  • amount of the inhibitor (i.e. agent) that is required is determined by its biological activity and bioavailability, which in turn depends on the mode of administration, the physiochemical properties of the agent, and whether it is being used as a monotherapy or in a combined therapy.
  • the frequency of administration will also be influenced by the half-life of the agent within the subject being treated.
  • Optimal dosages to be administered may be determined by those skilled in the art, and will vary with the particular agent in use, the strength of the pharmaceutical composition, the mode of administration, and the advancement of the thrombotic-related condition. Additional factors depending on the particular subject being treated will result in a need to adjust dosages, including subject age, weight, gender, diet, and time of administration. Generally, a daily dose of between 0.01 ⁇ g/kg of body weight and 100mg/kg of body weight of agent according to the invention may be used for treating, ameliorating, or preventing a thrombotic-related condition, depending upon which agent.
  • the daily dose of agent is between 1 ⁇ g/kg of body weight and 100mg/kg of body weight, more preferably between 10 ⁇ g/kg and 10mg/kg body weight, and most preferably between approximately 100 ⁇ g/kg and 10mg/kg body weight.
  • the agent may be administered before, during or after onset of a thrombotic-related condition. Daily doses may be given as a single administration (e.g. a single daily injection). Alternatively, the agent may require administration twice or more times during a day. As an example, agents may be administered as two (or more depending upon the severity of the thrombotic-related condition being treated) daily doses of between 0.07 ⁇ g and 700 mg (i.e. assuming a body weight of 70 kg).
  • a patient receiving treatment may take a first dose upon waking and then a second dose in the evening (if on a two dose regime) or at 3- or 4-hourly intervals thereafter.
  • a slow release device may be used to provide optimal doses of agents according to the invention to a patient without the need to administer repeated doses.
  • Known procedures such as those conventionally employed by the pharmaceutical industry (e.g. in vivo experimentation, clinical trials, etc.), may be used to form specific formulations of the agents according to the invention and precise therapeutic regimes (such as daily doses of the agents and the frequency of administration).
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising an inhibitor according to the first aspect, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is preferably anti-thrombotic, i.e. a pharmaceutical formulation used in the therapeutic amelioration, prevention or treatment of a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation.
  • the invention also provides in a sixth aspect, a process for making the pharmaceutical composition according to the fifth aspect, the process comprising combining a therapeutically effective amount of an inhibitor as defined in the first aspect, with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle.
  • the inhibitor may be as defined with respect to the first aspect.
  • the inhibitor is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
  • the inhibitor is one of the antibodies from Figure 8, or an antigen-binding fragment thereof.
  • a “subject” may be a vertebrate, mammal, or domestic animal.
  • medicaments according to the invention may be used to treat any mammal, for example livestock (e.g. a horse), pets, or may be used in other veterinary applications.
  • the subject is a human being.
  • a “therapeutically effective amount” of the inhibitor is any amount which, when administered to a subject, is the amount of agent that is needed to treat the thrombotic- related condition, or produce the desired effect.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of inhibitor used may be from about 0.1 ng/kg to about 100 mg/kg, and preferably from about 1 ng/kg to about 10 mg/kg. It is preferred that the amount of inhibitor is an amount from about 10 ng/kg to about 10 mg/kg, and most preferably from about 50 ng/kg to about 5 mg/kg.
  • a “pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle” as referred to herein, is any known compound or combination of known compounds that are known to those skilled in the art to be useful in formulating pharmaceutical compositions.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle may be a solid, and the composition may be in the form of a powder or tablet.
  • a solid pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle may include one or more substances which may also act as flavouring agents, lubricants, solubilisers, suspending agents, dyes, fillers, glidants, compression aids, inert binders, sweeteners, preservatives, dyes, coatings, or tablet- disintegrating agents.
  • the vehicle may also be an encapsulating material.
  • the vehicle is a finely divided solid that is in admixture with the finely divided active agents according to the invention.
  • the active agent may be mixed with a vehicle having the necessary compression properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired.
  • the powders and tablets preferably contain up to 99% of the active agents.
  • Suitable solid vehicles include, for example calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugars, lactose, dextrin, starch, gelatin, cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidine, low melting waxes and ion exchange resins.
  • the pharmaceutical vehicle may be a gel and the composition may be in the form of a cream or the like.
  • the pharmaceutical vehicle may be a liquid, and the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a solution.
  • Liquid vehicles are used in preparing solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, elixirs and pressurized compositions.
  • the active agent according to the invention may be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid vehicle such as water, an organic solvent, a mixture of both or pharmaceutically acceptable oils or fats.
  • the liquid vehicle can contain other suitable pharmaceutical additives such as solubilisers, emulsifiers, buffers, preservatives, sweeteners, flavouring agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, colours, viscosity regulators, stabilizers or osmo-regulators.
  • liquid vehicles for oral and parenteral administration include water (partially containing additives as above, e.g. cellulose derivatives, preferably sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution), alcohols (including monohydric alcohols and polyhydric alcohols, e.g. glycols) and their derivatives, and oils (e.g. fractionated coconut oil and arachis oil).
  • the vehicle can also be an oily ester such as ethyl oleate and isopropyl myristate.
  • Sterile liquid vehicles are useful in sterile liquid form compositions for parenteral administration.
  • the liquid vehicle for pressurized compositions can be a halogenated hydrocarbon or other pharmaceutically acceptable propellant.
  • Liquid pharmaceutical compositions which are sterile solutions or suspensions, can be utilized by, for example, intramuscular, intrathecal, epidural, intraperitoneal, intravenous and particularly subcutaneous injection.
  • the agent may be prepared as a sterile solid composition that may be dissolved or suspended at the time of administration using sterile water, saline, or other appropriate sterile injectable medium.
  • compositions of the invention may be administered orally in the form of a sterile solution or suspension containing other solutes or suspending agents (for example, enough saline or glucose to make the solution isotonic), bile salts, acacia, gelatin, sorbitan monoleate, polysorbate 80 (oleate esters of sorbitol and its anhydrides copolymerized with ethylene oxide) and the like.
  • solutes or suspending agents for example, enough saline or glucose to make the solution isotonic
  • bile salts for example, enough saline or glucose to make the solution isotonic
  • acacia gelatin
  • sorbitan monoleate sorbitan monoleate
  • polysorbate 80 oleate esters of sorbitol and its anhydrides copolymerized with ethylene oxide
  • the agents used according to the invention can also be administered orally either in liquid or solid composition form.
  • Compositions suitable for oral administration include solid forms,
  • an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof obtained by a method comprising:- (i) immunising a host organism with one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of Von Willebrand Factor (VWF); and (ii) collecting an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof from the host.
  • the host may be a mammal, and may be a human, rabbit, mouse, or chicken.
  • the host is a rabbit. More preferably, the host is a New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit.
  • the method may comprise immunising the host with human C 1 -C 6 -Fc fusion protein.
  • the method comprises immunising the host with the C 5 domain of VWF.
  • the method may comprise immunising the host with at least 50 ⁇ g, 75 ⁇ g, or 100 ⁇ g of the immunogen.
  • the method comprises subsequently immunising the host with a first boost of at least 25 ⁇ g, 35 ⁇ g or 50 ⁇ g of immunogen.
  • the first boost is administered at least 20, 30 or 40 days after the first immunisation.
  • the method comprises subsequently immunising the host with a second boost of at least 25 ⁇ g, 35 ⁇ g or 50 ⁇ g of immunogen.
  • the method comprises bleeding the host animal, and then preferably collecting the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof from the blood, most preferably blood serum.
  • the method comprises bleeding the host animal at least 30, 40 or 50 days after the first immunisation.
  • the blood serum is passed through a gravity column with covalently bound peptide-support.
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is preferably eluted in buffer, which is preferably acidic buffer, and the solution may then be neutralized.
  • the method may further comprise dialysis against a suitable buffer (e.g.
  • an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof obtained by a method comprising selecting an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to one or more of a C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) using a phage library.
  • VWF Von Willebrand Factor
  • the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is obtained by a method comprising selecting an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof that specifically binds to the C 5 domain of VWF using a phage library.
  • Phage display is known to the skilled person, and is described in detail in the examples.
  • a polynucleotide sequence encoding the antibody, or antigen-binding fragment as defined in the first aspect there is provided an expression cassette comprising a polynucleotide sequence according to the ninth aspect.
  • the polynucleotide sequence encoding the antibody, or antigen-binding fragment of the invention is preferably harboured in a recombinant vector, for example a recombinant vector for delivery into a host cell of interest to enable production of the antibody, or antigen-binding fragment thereof.
  • a recombinant vector comprising the expression cassette according to the tenth aspect.
  • the vector encoding the antibody, or antigen-binding fragment may for example be a plasmid, cosmid or phage and/or be a viral vector.
  • Such recombinant vectors are highly useful in the delivery systems of the invention for transforming cells with the nucleotide sequences.
  • the nucleotide sequences may preferably be a DNA sequence, and it is this DNA sequence which encodes the antibody, or antigen-binding fragment.
  • Recombinant vectors encoding the antibody, or antigen-binding fragment may also include other functional elements. For example, they may further comprise a variety of other functional elements including a suitable promoter for initiating transgene expression upon introduction of the vector in a host cell.
  • the vector is preferably capable of autonomously replicating in the nucleus of the host cell.
  • elements which induce or regulate DNA replication may be required in the recombinant vector.
  • the recombinant vector may be designed such that it integrates into the genome of a host cell.
  • DNA sequences which favour targeted integration are envisaged.
  • Suitable promoters may include the SV40 promoter, CMV, EF1a, PGK, viral long terminal repeats, as well as inducible promoters, such as the Tetracycline inducible system, as examples.
  • the cassette or vector may also comprise a terminator, such as the Beta globin, SV40 polyadenylation sequences or synthetic polyadenylation sequences.
  • the recombinant vector may also comprise a promoter or regulator or enhancer to control expression of the nucleic acid as required.
  • the vector may also comprise DNA coding for a gene that may be used as a selectable marker in the cloning process, i.e. to enable selection of cells that have been transfected or transformed, and to enable the selection of cells harbouring vectors incorporating heterologous DNA. For example, ampicillin, neomycin, puromycin or chloramphenicol resistance is envisaged.
  • the selectable marker gene may be in a different vector to be used simultaneously with the vector containing the transgene.
  • the cassette or vector may also comprise DNA involved with regulating expression of the nucleotide sequence, or for targeting the expressed polypeptide to a certain part of the host cell.
  • Purified vector may be inserted directly into a host cell by suitable means, e.g. direct endocytotic uptake.
  • the vector may be introduced directly into a host cell (e.g. a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell) by transfection, infection, electroporation, microinjection, cell fusion, protoplast fusion , calcium phosphate, cationic lipid-based lipofection, polymer or dendrimer-based methods or ballistic bombardment.
  • vectors of the invention may be introduced directly into a host cell using a particle gun.
  • the delivery system may provide the polynucleotide to the host cell without it being incorporated in a vector.
  • the nucleic acid molecule may be incorporated within a liposome or virus particle.
  • a “naked” polynucleotide may be inserted into a host cell by a suitable means e.g. direct endocytotic uptake.
  • a host cell comprising the polynucleotide sequence according to the ninth aspect, the expression cassette according to the tenth aspect, or the vector according to the eleventh aspect.
  • the host cell may be a eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell.
  • the host cell is a eukaryotic host cell.
  • the host cell is a mammalian host cell such as NS0 murine myeloma cells, PER.C 6 ® human cells, Human embryonic kidney 293 cells or Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.
  • the host cell is a CHO cell.
  • a method of preparing the antibody, or antigen-binding fragment according to the first aspect comprising: a) introducing, into a host cell, the vector of the eleventh aspect; and b) culturing the host cell under conditions to result in the production of the antibody, or antigen-binding fragment according to the first aspect.
  • the host cell of step a) may be a eukaryotic or prokaryotic host cell.
  • the host cell is a eukaryotic host cell.
  • the host cell is a mammalian host cell such as NS0 murine myeloma cells, PER.C 6 ® human cells, Human embryonic kidney 293 cells or Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Most preferably, the host cell is a CHO cell.
  • the method may further comprise (c) harvesting, centrifuging and/or filtering the cell culture media to obtain a cell culture supernatant comprising the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof.
  • the method may further comprise (d) separating and purifying the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof from the cell culture supernatant.
  • purification is performed by at least one chromatographic step. Suitable chromatographic steps include affinity chromatography and/or ion exchange chromatography.
  • affinity chromatography is protein A chromatography.
  • Ion exchange chromatography may be anionic exchange chromatography and/or cationic exchange chromatography.
  • step (d) comprises separating and purifying the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof from the cell culture supernatant by: i) protein A chromatography; ii) anionic exchange chromatography; and/or iii) cationic exchange chromatography.
  • the method may further comprise (e) filtering the purified antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof resulting from step (d).
  • step (e) comprises virus filtration.
  • the purified antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof resulting from step (d) is filtered using a virus filtration membrane.
  • Suitable membranes would be known to those skilled in the art.
  • VWF expression is increased in a number of conditions caused by platelet-mediated aggregation, including ischemic stroke, heart attack, acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and atrial fibrillation.
  • the antibodies of the invention are able to bind to one or more of the C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 , C 5 , and/or C 6 domain of VWF
  • the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof may be used as a robust diagnostic tool by detecting the presence, and determining the concentration of, VWF.
  • the antibody or antibody binding fragment thereof according to the first aspect for use in diagnosis or prognosis.
  • the antibody or antibody binding fragment thereof according to the first aspect for use in diagnosing or prognosing a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation.
  • a method of diagnosing or prognosing a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation in a subject comprising detecting VWF in a biological sample obtained from the subject with the antibody or antibody binding fragment thereof according to the first aspect.
  • the condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation may be selected from the group consisting of: a thrombotic-related condition; thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) (also referred to as acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (aTTP)), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation (AF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cardiovascular disease (CVD), thrombosis, unstable angina, stable angina, angina pectoris, embolus formation, deep vein thrombosis, haemolytic uremic syndrome, haemolytic anaemia, acute renal failure, thrombolytic complications, disseminated intravascular coagulation, coronary heart disease, thromboembolic complications, restenosis, chronic unstable angina, peripheral vascular disease, arterial thrombosis, pre-eclampsia, embolism, restenosis, sepsis, vascular inflammation, glomerul
  • the method may be an in vitro or ex vivo method.
  • the method is an in vitro method.
  • the use or method may comprise determining the level of expression of VWF in a subject, preferably wherein an increase in the concentration of VWF in the biological sample when compared to a reference concentration from a healthy control population is indicative of a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation or a poor prognosis.
  • a 1 fold increase of VWF when compared to the reference from a healthy control population is indicative of a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation or a poor prognosis.
  • a 2 fold, 3 fold, 4 fold or 5 fold increase of VWF when compared to the reference from a healthy control population is indicative of a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation or a poor prognosis.
  • a 10 fold, 50 fold or 100 fold increase of VWF when compared to the reference from a healthy control population is indicative of a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation or a poor prognosis.
  • kits for diagnosing a subject suffering from a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation, or for providing a prognosis of the subject’s condition comprising an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof according to the first aspect for detecting VWF in a sample from a test subject.
  • the kit may further comprise instructions for use and/or a receptacle for obtaining a biological sample from a subject.
  • the condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation is as defined above.
  • Prognosis may relate to determining the therapeutic outcome in a subject that has been diagnosed with a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation.
  • Prognosis may relate to predicting the rate of progression or improvement and/or the duration of a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation in a subject, the probability of survival, and/or the efficacy of various treatment regimes.
  • a poor prognosis may be indicative of progression of a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation, low probability of survival and reduced efficacy of a treatment regime.
  • a favourable prognosis may be indicative of resolution of a condition caused by platelet-mediated aggregation, high probability of survival and increased efficacy of a treatment regime.
  • the sample comprises a biological sample.
  • the sample may be any material that is obtainable from a subject from which protein is obtainable.
  • the biological sample may be tissue or a biological fluid.
  • the biological sample may be any material that is obtainable from the subject from which blood plasma, endothelial cells, megakaryocytes, and platelets are obtainable.
  • the sample may be blood, plasma, serum, spinal fluid, urine, sweat, saliva, tears, breast aspirate, breast milk, prostate fluid, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, stool, cervical scraping, cytes, amniotic fluid, intraocular fluid, mucous, moisture in breath, animal tissue, cell lysates, tumour tissue, hair, skin, buccal scrapings, lymph, interstitial fluid, nails, bone marrow, cartilage, prions, bone powder, ear wax, lymph, granuloma, cancer biopsy or combinations thereof.
  • the sample may be a liquid aspirate.
  • the sample may be bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL), ascites, pleural lavage, or pericardial lavage.
  • the sample may comprise blood, urine, tissue etc.
  • the biological sample comprises a blood sample.
  • the blood may be venous or arterial blood. Blood samples may be assayed immediately.
  • the blood sample may be stored at low temperatures, for example in a fridge or even frozen before the method is conducted.
  • the blood sample may be stored at room temperature, for example between 18 to 22 degrees Celsius, before the method is conducted.
  • the blood sample may comprise comprises blood serum.
  • the blood sample may comprise blood plasma.
  • the detection is carried out on whole blood and most preferably the blood sample is peripheral blood.
  • the blood may be further processed before the use of the first aspect is performed.
  • an anticoagulant such as citrate (such as sodium citrate), hirudin, heparin, PPACK, or sodium fluoride may be added.
  • the sample collection container may contain an anticoagulant in order to prevent the blood sample from clotting.
  • the sample may comprise blood plasma, endothelial cells, megakaryocytes, and/or platelets. It will be appreciated that the invention extends to any nucleic acid or peptide or variant, derivative or analogue thereof, which comprises substantially the amino acid or nucleic acid sequences of any of the sequences referred to herein, including variants or fragments thereof.
  • substantially the amino acid/nucleotide/peptide sequence can be a sequence that has at least 40% sequence identity with the amino acid/nucleotide/peptide sequences of any one of the sequences referred to herein, for example 40% identity with the sequence identified as SEQ ID Nos: 1-194 and so on.
  • Amino acid/polynucleotide/polypeptide sequences with a sequence identity which is greater than 65%, more preferably greater than 70%, even more preferably greater than 75%, and still more preferably greater than 80% sequence identity to any of the sequences referred to are also envisaged.
  • the amino acid/polynucleotide/polypeptide sequence has at least 85% identity with any of the sequences referred to, more preferably at least 90% identity, even more preferably at least 92% identity, even more preferably at least 95% identity, even more preferably at least 97% identity, even more preferably at least 98% identity and, most preferably at least 99% identity with any of the sequences referred to herein.
  • the skilled technician will appreciate how to calculate the percentage identity between two amino acid/polynucleotide/polypeptide sequences. In order to calculate the percentage identity between two amino acid/polynucleotide/polypeptide sequences, an alignment of the two sequences must first be prepared, followed by calculation of the sequence identity value.
  • the percentage identity for two sequences may take different values depending on:- (i) the method used to align the sequences, for example, ClustalW, BLAST, FASTA, Smith-Waterman (implemented in different programs), or structural alignment from 3D comparison; and (ii) the parameters used by the alignment method, for example, local vs global alignment, the pair-score matrix used (e.g. BLOSUM62, PAM250, Gonnet etc.), and gap-penalty, e.g. functional form and constants. Having made the alignment, there are many different ways of calculating percentage identity between the two sequences.
  • the method used to align the sequences for example, ClustalW, BLAST, FASTA, Smith-Waterman (implemented in different programs), or structural alignment from 3D comparison
  • the parameters used by the alignment method for example, local vs global alignment, the pair-score matrix used (e.g. BLOSUM62, PAM250, Gonnet etc.), and gap-penalty, e.
  • percentage identity is also strongly length dependent. Therefore, the shorter a pair of sequences is, the higher the sequence identity one may expect to occur by chance. Hence, it will be appreciated that the accurate alignment of protein or DNA sequences is a complex process.
  • calculation of percentage identities between two amino acid/polynucleotide/polypeptide sequences may then be calculated from such an alignment as (N/T)*100, where N is the number of positions at which the sequences share an identical residue, and T is the total number of positions compared including gaps and either including or excluding overhangs.
  • overhangs are included in the calculation.
  • Alternative methods for identifying similar sequences will be known to those skilled in the art.
  • a substantially similar nucleotide sequence will be encoded by a sequence which hybridizes to DNA sequences or their complements under stringent conditions.
  • the inventors mean the nucleotide hybridises to filter-bound DNA or RNA in 3x sodium chloride/sodium citrate (SSC) at approximately 45oC followed by at least one wash in 0.2x SSC/0.1% SDS at approximately 20-65oC.
  • a substantially similar polypeptide may differ by at least 1, but less than 5, 10, 20, 50 or 100 amino acids from the sequences shown in, for example, in those of SEQ ID Nos: 1 to 194 that are amino acid sequences. Due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, it is clear that any nucleic acid sequence described herein could be varied or changed without substantially affecting the sequence of the protein encoded thereby, to provide a functional variant thereof.
  • Suitable nucleotide variants are those having a sequence altered by the substitution of different codons that encode the same amino acid within the sequence, thus producing a silent (synonymous) change.
  • Other suitable variants are those having homologous nucleotide sequences but comprising all, or portions of, sequence, which are altered by the substitution of different codons that encode an amino acid with a side chain of similar biophysical properties to the amino acid it substitutes, to produce a conservative change.
  • small non-polar, hydrophobic amino acids include glycine, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline, and methionine.
  • Large non-polar, hydrophobic amino acids include phenylalanine, tryptophan and tyrosine.
  • the polar neutral amino acids include serine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine and glutamine.
  • the positively charged (basic) amino acids include lysine, arginine and histidine.
  • the negatively charged (acidic) amino acids include aspartic acid and glutamic acid. It will therefore be appreciated which amino acids may be replaced with an amino acid having similar biophysical properties, and the skilled technician will know the nucleotide sequences encoding these amino acids.
  • FIG. 1 provides a schematic of VWF peptide structure showing the propeptide and mature VWF regions. Platelet binding is predominantly via the A1 and A3 domains, which are targeted by current therapies, including Caplacizumab.
  • the inhibitors of the invention target one or more of the C 1 -C 6 domains.
  • Figure 2 shows an ELISA-based reactivity screening of plasma from NZW-1 rabbits immunised with human C 1 -C 6 -Fc protein, towards recombinant VWF proteins, illustrating that the plasma showed good reactivity towards human native VWF and C 1 - C 6 -Fc recombinantly produced protein.
  • Figures 3A-H show the ELISA binding of 8 unique anti-VWF antibodies to native VWF protein and recombinant C 1 -C 6 protein, demonstrating that a number of the antibodies bind specifically to one or more of the C 1 -C 6 domains.
  • Figure 4 shows surface plasmon resonance (SPR) affinity determination of 5 selected anti-VWF monoclonal antibodies to human native VWF.
  • SPR surface plasmon resonance
  • Figure 5 illustrates the results of a platelet flow assay at a high shear rate (10,000s -1 ), demonstrating the ability of the antibodies to reduce platelet aggregation under pathological conditions.
  • Figures 6A-C show the results of a whole blood flow assay under normal (1500s -1 ) and high (5000s -1 ) shear rates, for 4-H 3 , 1-A2 and 1-G5 antibodies, demonstrating their ability to inhibit platelet capture under pathological conditions, whilst maintaining the normal haemostatic function of VWF.
  • Figures 7A-E show the ELISA-based reactivity screening of 5 monoclonal antibodies (Fc disabled L 2 34A L 2 35A-P329G null-effector backbone, and Fab fragment antibodies) towards C 1 -C 6 -Fc.
  • Figure 8 is a table showing the various sequences of eight embodiments of the anti- VWF antibody of the invention.
  • FR framework region;
  • CDR complementarity determining region;
  • VH variable heavy chain sequence;
  • VL variable light chain sequence;
  • HC constant heavy chain sequence;
  • LC constant light chain sequence.
  • Figure 9 is a table showing SPR affinity determination of five selected monoclonal antibodies to human VWF individual C-domains.
  • Figure 10 is a table showing the humanised mAb sequences.
  • Figure 11 is a table showing SPR affinity determination to human full-length VWF of humanised monoclonal antibodies. All humanised monoclonal antibodies were selected for affinity determination (KD) as well as on-rate (Ka) and off-rate determination (kd) for binding to human full-length VWF.
  • FIG. 12 shows the results of selected humanised anti-VWF antibodies in whole blood flow assay under normal and high shear rates.
  • Humanised antibodies inhibit platelet capture under high shear rate (5000s -1 ) to a greater extent than under normal shear rate conditions (1500s -1 ) in a whole blood flow assay, indicating that these antibodies can block the prothrombotic function of VWF while maintaining its normal hemostatic function. Examples The accumulation of VWF has been associated with an increased risk to a number of conditions caused by platelet-mediated aggregation, including various cardiovascular diseases and thrombotic-related conditions.
  • Example 1 – Generation of anti-VWF antibodies New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were immunised with 100 ⁇ g of recombinantly produced human C 1 -C 6 -Fc protein. After 21 days the rabbits received the first boost of 50 ⁇ g human C 1 -C 6 -Fc and after 42 days, the animals received their second boost of 50 ⁇ g C 1 -C 6 -Fc. Blood was withdrawn for analysis 52 days after the first immunisation.
  • NZW New Zealand White
  • Target proteins C 1 -C 6 -Fc, VWF ⁇ D4-C 6 and BSA: 100 ng/well; VWF-His: 500 ng/well and native VWF: 20 ng/well
  • NZW-1 rabbit plasma samples starting dilution 1:100.
  • Antibody binding was detected with anti-rabbit-HRP and TMB.
  • Figure 2 Plasma from NZW-1 rabbits showed good reactivity towards human native VWF and C 1 -C 6 -Fc recombinantly produced protein.
  • Plasma showed, to a lesser extent, reactivity towards recombinantly produced VWF-His tagged protein. There was minimal background reactivity to BSA and a recombinant fragment of VWF with C 1 -C 6 domains deleted (VWF ⁇ D4-C 6 ).
  • NZW-1 rabbit was selected for pre-harvest boost and subsequent library generation.
  • Example 2 Phage library generation and screening Following TRIzol-based splenocyte and bone marrow RNA isolation from C 1 -C 6 -Fc immunized NZW-1 rabbit, integrity of RNA samples was evidenced by clear presence of S28 and S18 rRNA bands.
  • VK and VH fragments were amplified using constant region FR1 forward and FR4 reverse primers containing a SfiI restriction site. The expected size of products was ⁇ 400 bp.
  • diverse forward and reverse primers were used for amplification of VK and VH genes.
  • PCR products per origin, spleen or bone marrow were pooled and fragments of the correct size were gel-purified and used for scFv overlap- assembly PCR. Subsequently, gel-purified assembly products of the correct size were SfiI digested and used for generation of two scFv phage libraries, i.e. one library generated from splenocyte derived V-genes and one library generated from bone marrow derived V-genes. Following large scale ligation of the scFv repertoires in proprietary phagemid vector and subsequent transformation in E.
  • the output from the 4 rounds of selection were screened for binding to C 1 -C 6 -Fc, VWF-His, VWF- ⁇ D4-C 6 , hIgG, BSA and Streptavidin.
  • a number of reactive clones were selected for sequencing.
  • scFv sequences obtained from the combined initial and additional sequencing procedures could be categorized into 5 VH-CDR3 families.
  • a total of 8 unique VH- and 8 unique VL-sequences derived from 8 unique scFv sequences were identified. These sequences were cloned into a human IgG1 expression vector and transiently expressed and purified. Purification of the recombinant antibodies was carried out using Protein A.
  • Purified monoclonal antibodies originally derived from scFvs selected from rabbit immune library were tested for binding towards C 1 -C 6 -Fc, VWF ⁇ D4-C 6 , BSA (100 ng/well) and human native VWF (Imperial College, 20 ng/well).
  • the 8 unique sequences were cloned into an IgG1 human expression vector and expressed as monoclonal antibodies.
  • Protein targets were immobilized overnight on ELISA plates, blocked and incubated with a semi-log dilution series of purified recombinant monoclonal antibodies (starting concentration 10 ⁇ g/ml), averages of duplicate values are shown.
  • Antibody binding towards human native VWF, VWF ⁇ D4-C 6 and BSA were detected with antihuman IgG-HRP or anti-human IgG-HRP and TMB staining.
  • ELISA reactivities towards C 1 -C 6 -Fc were performed in a separate ELISA experiment and were detected with anti-human IgG ⁇ -HRP and TMB staining. Results are shown in Figures 3A-3H.
  • Example 4 Binding of anti-VWF antibodies to human native VWF as determined by SPR
  • the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments were performed using a Biacore 8K (Cytiva) equipped with a research grade Protein A series S sensor chip.
  • the antibodies at a concentration of 0.156 ⁇ g/ml or 0.312 ⁇ g/ml in 10mM Hepes pH 7.4 containing 300mM NaCl, 3mM EDTA and 0.05% P20 buffer, were immobilised onto a protein A series S sensor chip to a density of approximately 12RU on flow cell 2.
  • Flow cell 1 was left blank to serve as a reference surface.
  • the surface was initially primed with 10mM glycine-HCl pH 1.5 for 30 seconds at 50 ⁇ l/min followed by running buffer (10mM Hepes pH7.4 containing 300mM NaCl, 3mM EDTA and 0.05% P20) 60 seconds at 30 ⁇ l/min, before injecting the native VWF (305kDa) in 10mM Hepes pH 7.4 containing 300mM NaCl, 3mM EDTA and 0.05% P20 over two flow cells at a concentration of 4.4, 6.6, 9.9, 14.8, 22, 33, and 50nM, at a flow rate of 30 ⁇ l/min, compartment temperature of 10 0 C and flow cell temperature of 25 0 C.
  • the complex was allowed to associate and dissociate for 120 seconds and 7200 seconds respectively.
  • the surfaces were regenerated with 30sec injections of 10mM glycine-HCl pH1.5. Data were collected at a rate of 10Hz. The data were fit to a simple 1:1 interaction model using the global data analysis option available within the Biacore Insight Evaluation software version 3.0.12.15655. Results are shown in Figure 4. Five clones were selected for affinity determination (KD) as well as on-rate (Ka) and off-rate determination (kd) for binding to native VWF. All 5 clones showed reproducible kinetics, with long off-rates and sub nM affinities.
  • Example 5 Platelet flow assay Flow slides were coated with purified VWF and perfused with plasma-free blood at high shear rate (10000s -1 ). Plasma free blood is whole blood with the plasma fraction removed, and only red blood cells and platelets remain. In the absence of soluble VWF, platelets attach to the VWF surface, but no aggregates of platelets and VWF form. When soluble VWF is added, aggregates of platelets and VWF form. The shear force is so high the soluble VWF can unfold in solution and capture platelets (see isotype control image). The addition of the antibodies (10ug/ml) prevents this occurring to varying degrees.
  • the images generated from this plasma-free flow assay are presented in Figure 5, with platelet capture shown in white (white “clumps” are indicative of normal aggregation).
  • the isotype control shows the level of platelet capture in the absence of an anti-VWF C 1 -C 6 antibody.
  • platelet capture is ablated.
  • Clones 1-D5, 3-H9 and 1-G5 also reduce platelet and thrombi formation under pathological conditions. Accordingly, the results show that platelet aggregation is reduced in the presence of 5 different C 1 -C 6 mAbs at a high shear ‘pathological’ rate (10,000s -1 ), confirming that all 5 antibodies are functionally active.
  • Example 6 Whole blood flow assay Slides were coated with collagen, perfused with whole blood with the test antibody at concentrations as indicated in Figure 6. Mean Fluorescent Intensity (MFI) was calculated from images taken after 5 minutes of flow and normalised to the isotype control (MFI %). The same blood donor was used for each flow rate. As illustrated in Figures 6A-6C, 4-H 3 , 1-A2 and 1-G5 antibodies inhibit platelet capture under high shear rate (5000s -1 ) to a greater extent than under normal shear rate conditions (1500s -1 ) in a whole blood flow assay.
  • MFI Mean Fluorescent Intensity
  • Example 7 - ELISA experiment showing the binding of Fc disabled anti-VWF antibodies, and anti-VWF Fab fragments, towards C 1 -C 6 -Fc
  • An ELISA-based reactivity screening was carried out on: (i) purified monoclonal vWF antibodies comprising an Fc disabled L 2 34A L 2 35A-P329G null-effector backbone, and on (ii) vWF Fab fragments, to test for their binding towards C 1 -C 6 -Fc (100 ng/well).
  • Protein targets were immobilized overnight on ELISA plates, blocked and incubated with a semi-log dilution series of purified recombinant monoclonal antibodies or Fab fragments (starting concentration 10 ⁇ g/ml, 11 dilutions), averages of duplicate values are shown.
  • Antibody or Fab fragment binding towards C 1 -C 6 -Fc was detected with anti-human IgGK-HRP and TMB staining.
  • the surface was conditioned with 10 mM glycine-HCl pH 1.5 regeneration solution (3 injections). Each antibody was diluted to ⁇ 0.8 ⁇ g/ml in running buffer to capture ⁇ 350 RU on flow cells 2, 3 and 4 (flow cell 1 used as in-line reference cell).
  • Single-cycle kinetic analysis of each C-domain binding to antibodies was performed using the following parameters: The chip surface was regenerated after each cycle with 10 mM glycine-HCl pH 1.5 for 30 seconds at 50 ⁇ l/min. Affinity and kinetics are reported in Figure 9, for each antibody tested against human each C-domain. As illustrated in Figure 9, all five of the monoclonal antibodies showed binding to the C 5 domain with sub-nM affinities.
  • Example 9 Cloning and expression of the humanised variants
  • the DNA expression constructs encoding the humanised antibody variants were prepared de novo by build-up of overlapping oligonucleotides including restriction sites for cloning into mammalian expression vectors as well as a human signal sequence. Hindlll and Spel restriction sites were introduced to frame the VH domain containing the signal sequence for cloning into mammalian expression vectors containing the human ⁇ 1constant region. Hindlll and BsiWI restriction sites were introduced to frame the VL domain containing the signal sequence for cloning into mammalian expression vector containing the human kappa constant region.
  • Expression plasmids encoding the heavy and light chains respectively were transiently co-transfected into HEK 2936E cells and expressed to produce antibody. Preparations were purified using protein A and concentrations were measured using a Nanodrop (Thermo Scientific).
  • Example 10 - SPR analysis of humanised mAbs to human full-length VWF Antibodies were captured on Protein A sensor chip. The system was purged using running buffer (10 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 300 mM NaCl, 3 mM EDTA, 0.05% P20) and a series S Protein A chip was docked in the Biacore T200. The surface was conditioned with 10 mM glycine-HCl pH 1.5 regeneration solution (3 injections).
  • Each antibody was diluted to ⁇ 0.8 ⁇ g/ml in running buffer to capture ⁇ 350 RU on flow cells 2, 3 and 4 (flow cell 1 used as in-line reference cell).
  • Single-cycle kinetic analysis of human full- length VWF binding to antibodies was performed using the following parameters: The chip surface was regenerated after each cycle with 10 mM glycine-HCl pH 1.5 for 30 s at 50 ⁇ l/min. Affinity and kinetics are reported for each antibody tested against human full-length VWF. As illustrated in Figure 11, all humanised monoclonal antibody clones showed long-off rates and sub nM affinities for human full-length VWF.
  • Example 11 Inhibition of platelet capture by humanised anti-VWF antibodies in whole blood flow assay under normal and high shear rates Slides were coated with collagen, perfused with whole blood with test antibody at concentrations as indicated. Mean Fluorescent Intensity (MFI) was calculated from images taken after 5min of flow and normalised to the isotype control (MFI %). Same blood donor was used for each flow rate. As illustrated in Figure 12, all five of the humanised antibodies inhibit platelet capture under high shear rate (5000s -1 ) to a greater extent than under normal shear rate conditions (1500s -1 ) in a whole blood flow assay, indicating that these antibodies can block the prothrombotic function of VWF while maintaining its normal hemostatic function.
  • MFI Mean Fluorescent Intensity
  • the inventors have demonstrated that by targeting the C 1 -C 6 domains, the antibodies can reduce platelet aggregation under high shear pathological rates, but under normal conditions, platelet capture is maintained. Additionally, the inventors have generated humanised versions of the antibodies according to the invention, and have demonstrated that the humanised antibodies can bind to human full-length VWF with high affinity. The inventors have also demonstrated that the humanised antibodies are capable of inhibiting platelet capture under high shear rate, indicating that these humanised monoclonal antibodies are functionally active.
  • the current anti-VWF therapies target and inhibit the A1 domain of VWF, and as such, inhibit platelet binding under low shear conditions.
  • the inventors have demonstrated that by targeting the C 1 -C 6 domains of VWF, platelet binding can be inhibited under high shear pathological rates only, not under low shear rates associated with normal haemostasis. Accordingly, the inventors have identified a novel strategy for preventing or treating thrombotic-related conditions, without increasing the risk of severe bleeding.

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IL307441A IL307441A (en) 2021-04-20 2022-04-20 von Willebrand factor (VWF) inhibitors
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MX2023012391A MX2023012391A (es) 2021-04-20 2022-04-20 Inhibidores del factor von willebrand (vwf).
BR112023021631A BR112023021631A2 (pt) 2021-04-20 2022-04-20 Inibidor, anticorpo ou fragmento de ligação a antígeno, composição farmacêutica, sequência de polinucleotídeo, cassete de expressão, vetor recombinante, célula hospedeira, métodos para preparar o anticorpo ou fragmento de ligação a antígeno e para diagnosticar ou prognosticar uma condição causada pela aglutinação mediada por plaqueta, kit para diagnosticar um indivíduo, e, uso
CN202280030093.5A CN117597367A (zh) 2021-04-20 2022-04-20 血管性血友病因子(vwf)抑制剂
US18/556,638 US20240228660A1 (en) 2021-04-20 2022-04-20 Von willebrand factor (vwf) inhibitors
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