WO2022222020A1 - 一种用于流量分类的神经网络架构自动搜索方法及装置 - Google Patents
一种用于流量分类的神经网络架构自动搜索方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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- the present application relates to the field of information technology, and in particular, to an automatic search method and device for a neural network architecture for traffic classification.
- Network traffic classification technology is an important research problem in the network field. It plays a very key role in intrusion detection, network anomaly detection and QoS assurance. As a very promising technology in recent years, deep neural network has achieved good results in the field of traffic classification. However, the current deep neural networks all require manual design and are difficult to adapt to different traffic classification tasks. These different traffic classification tasks may have different focuses, and the traffic patterns in different enterprises are also different. Designing a suitable neural network architecture is very expensive.
- the linear layer and the Softmax layer are generally combined at the end for classification.
- the present application provides an automatic search method and device for a neural network architecture for traffic classification, aiming at realizing automatic neural network architecture search.
- an automatic search method for a neural network architecture for traffic classification comprising the following steps:
- search for the optimal neural network structure including searching for the optimal Cell structure, repeating the search and stacking the same Cell structure, and forming the searched Cell structure into the entire neural network structure.
- the method further includes:
- the technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of the present application further include: in acquiring network traffic data samples, preprocessing the data samples and converting the data samples into a traffic data set in the form of a two-dimensional matrix, including:
- Step 1 perform data extraction at network flow granularity
- Step 2 carry out data extraction at packet granularity
- Step 3 splicing the data extracted at the network flow granularity and the data extracted at the data packet granularity along the channel dimension to form a tensor
- Step 4 Perform the operations from Step 1 to Step 3 above for all network flows to construct a formatted traffic data set.
- the technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application further includes: dividing the traffic data set into training set, verification set and test set respectively includes:
- the training set, validation set and test set contain the same proportion of traffic of each category; among them,
- the training set is used to update the network weight parameters in this structure
- the validation set is used to search for the best network structure parameters
- test set is used to retrain using the training set plus the validation set after the search is complete, and to evaluate the final results on the test set.
- the technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of the present application further include: the optional operation of constructing the search space includes: limiting the scope of the search neural network architecture space.
- the technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of the present application further include: the optional operation of the search space of the neural network architecture is set as: 3x3 depthwise separable convolution, 5x5 depthwise separable convolution, 3x3 hole convolution, 5x5 hole convolution, 3x3 Maximum pooling and 3x3 average pooling.
- searching for the optimal neural network architecture includes:
- Step 1 Build a supernet; in which, the operation of extending eight edges in the supernet, and each edge has a different weight;
- Step 2 Use gradient descent on the validation set loss to update the neural network architecture parameters
- Step 3 Use the gradient descent method to update the operation weight parameters on the training set loss
- Step 4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the neural network architecture training is completed
- Step 5 After the training is completed, keep the edge with the largest node weight.
- the technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application also includes: adding spatial attention and channel attention to the output position of each Cell, including:
- Step 1 The channel attention weight is obtained by adding channel attention to the output of the searched Cell structure
- Step 2 The spatial attention weight is obtained by adding spatial attention to the output of the searched Cell structure
- Step 3 Perform matrix multiplication of the obtained channel attention weight and spatial attention weight to obtain a new output of attention weighting.
- a neural network architecture automatic search device for traffic classification comprising:
- Data conversion module used to obtain network traffic data samples, preprocess the data samples and convert them into a traffic data set in the form of a two-dimensional matrix;
- Data division module used to divide the traffic data set into training set, validation set and test set respectively;
- Optional operation building block optional operation used to build the search space of the neural network architecture after the traffic dataset is divided;
- Search for the optimal network architecture module It is used to search for the optimal neural network architecture based on the optional operation of the search space; including, searching for the optimal Cell structure, repeating the search for stacking the same Cell structure, and forming the searched Cell structure into a whole Neural network architecture.
- the device further includes:
- Attention adding module used to add spatial attention and channel attention to the output position of each Cell
- Retraining module used to save the searched Cell architecture parameters, and retrain the Cell architecture using a new training set that combines the training set and the validation set.
- the neural network architecture automatic search method and device for traffic classification in the embodiments of the present application obtain network traffic data samples, preprocess the data samples, and transfer the data samples.
- the traffic data set in the form of a two-dimensional matrix; the traffic data set is divided into training set, validation set and test set respectively; after the traffic data set is divided, the optional operation of constructing the search space of the neural network architecture; the search space-based optional operation
- the selection operation is performed to search for the optimal neural network architecture; which includes, searching for the optimal Cell structure, repeatedly searching and stacking the same Cell structure, and forming the searched Cell structure into the entire neural network structure.
- the present application can automatically search for the optimal neural network structure through a given candidate operation without manual participation.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an automatic search method for a neural network architecture for traffic classification according to an embodiment of the present application
- Fig. 2 is the preferred flow chart of the neural network architecture automatic search method for traffic classification according to the embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a neural network architecture automatic search device for traffic classification according to an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 4 is a preferred module diagram of a neural network architecture automatic search device for traffic classification according to an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 5 is a preferred module diagram of a neural network architecture automatic search device for traffic classification according to an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of adding attention after the searched Cell structure described in an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a calculation process of channel attention in an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a calculation process of spatial attention according to an embodiment of the present application.
- an automatic search method for a neural network architecture for traffic classification including the following steps:
- S101 Obtain network traffic data samples, preprocess the data samples and convert them into a traffic data set in the form of a two-dimensional matrix;
- S103 an optional operation of constructing a search space of the neural network architecture after the traffic data set is divided;
- S104 Searching for an optimal neural network architecture based on an optional operation in the search space, which includes searching for an optimal Cell structure, repeatedly searching and stacking the same Cell structure, and forming the searched Cell structure into an entire neural network architecture.
- the neural network architecture automatic search method and device for traffic classification in the embodiment of the present application obtains network traffic data samples, preprocesses the data samples and converts them into a traffic data set in the form of a two-dimensional matrix; and divides the traffic data sets into separate into a training set, a validation set and a test set; after the traffic data set is divided, an optional operation to construct the search space of the neural network architecture; an optional operation based on the search space to search for the optimal neural network architecture; including, searching for the most optimal neural network architecture. For an optimal Cell structure, repeat the search and stack the same Cell structure, and form the searched Cell structure into the entire neural network architecture.
- the present application can automatically search for the optimal neural network structure through a given candidate operation without manual participation.
- the method further includes:
- S106 Save the searched Cell architecture parameters, and retrain the Cell architecture using a new training set formed by combining the training set and the validation set.
- the spatial attention and channel attention mechanisms are combined into each cell structure searched, which enhances the feature extraction capability of the model.
- spatial attention and channel attention are added to the output position of each cell structure searched to enhance the feature extraction ability of the model; the Cell structure obtained by adding spatial attention and channel attention training will be added. After the parameters are saved, continue to retrain until the training is complete.
- the data samples are preprocessed and converted into a traffic data set in the form of a two-dimensional matrix, including:
- Step 1 perform data extraction at network flow granularity
- Step 2 carry out data extraction at packet granularity
- Step 3 splicing the data extracted at the network flow granularity and the data extracted at the data packet granularity along the channel dimension to form a tensor
- Step 4 Perform the operations from Step 1 to Step 3 above for all network flows to construct a formatted traffic data set.
- Step 1 Perform data extraction at the network flow granularity, extract the previous byte of the network flow, and form The two-dimensional matrix m 1 of .
- Step 2 perform data extraction at the data packet granularity, extract bytes from the first n data packets of a flow, extract the first ⁇ /n bytes of each data packet, total ⁇ bytes, and form The two-dimensional matrix m 2 of .
- Step 3 splicing m 1 and m 2 along the channel dimension to form a 32*32*3 tensor.
- Step 4 Perform the operations from Steps 1 to 3 above on all network flows to construct a formatted traffic data set.
- dividing the traffic data set into training set, validation set and test set respectively includes:
- the training set, validation set and test set contain the same proportion of traffic of each category; among them,
- the training set is used to update the network weight parameters in this structure
- the validation set is used to search for the best network structure parameters
- test set is used to retrain using the training set plus the validation set after the search is complete, and to evaluate the final results on the test set.
- the traffic dataset constructed above is divided, one part is used for training, one part is used for validation, and the remaining part is used for testing.
- Each set contains the same proportion of each category of traffic.
- the training set is used to update the network weight parameters in the structure, and the validation set is used to search for the best network structure parameters. After the search is completed, the training set and the validation set are used for retraining, and the final result is evaluated on the test set.
- the optional operation of constructing the search space includes: limiting the scope of searching the neural network architecture space.
- the optional operations for automatic neural architecture search are infinite, and to reduce complexity we need to limit the scope of the search space.
- optional operations of the search space of the neural network architecture are set to: 3x3 depthwise separable convolution, 5x5 depthwise separable convolution, 3x3 atrous convolution, 5x5 atrous convolution, 3x3 max pooling and 3x3 averaging pooling.
- Optional operations on the search space in this application include: 3x3 depthwise separable convolution, 5x5 depthwise separable convolution, 3x3 atrous convolution, 5x5 atrous convolution, 3x3 max pooling, 3x3 average pooling, identity and direct A total of eight operations.
- searching for the optimal neural network architecture includes:
- Step 1 Build a supernet; in which, the operation of extending eight edges in the supernet, and each edge has a different weight;
- Step 2 Use gradient descent on the validation set loss to update the neural network architecture parameters
- Step 3 Use the gradient descent method to update the operation weight parameters on the training set loss
- Step 4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the neural network architecture training is completed
- Step 5 After the training is completed, keep the edge with the largest node weight.
- This search method belongs to microscopic search, that is, to search for an optimal Cell structure, and then repeatedly stack the same Cell to form the entire network.
- Each Cell contains four nodes, and the nodes represent the feature map at a certain moment.
- the edges between nodes represent some kind of optional operation, and the total number of optional operations is eight kinds.
- a directed acyclic graph that is, the structure of a Cell, as shown in Figure 5.
- Step 1 Build a supernet through the supernet construction formula, expand the operation of eight edges in the supernet, and each edge has a different weight;
- the supernet construction formula is as follows:
- o(x) is one of the operations in the optional operation set, that is, it represents one of the eight sides; Refers to the weight of the edge o(x), (i, j) defines that the edge belongs between the i and j nodes; Represents the weighted operation of eight edges between nodes i and i, and a feature map can be obtained through the calculation of the weighted operation; in addition, the formula uses the Softmax function to processed;
- Step 2 Use the gradient descent method to update the neural network architecture parameter ⁇ on the validation set loss, the formula is as follows:
- Step 3 Use the gradient descent method to update the operation weight parameter w on the training set loss, the formula is as follows:
- Step 4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the neural network architecture training is completed
- Step 5 After the training is completed, the maximum weight between the reserved nodes (i, j) is achieved through the node reservation formula The edge of ; the node retention formula is:
- each node only retains connections to the previous two nodes with the largest weighted edges.
- adding spatial attention and channel attention to the output position of each Cell includes:
- Step 1 The channel attention weight is obtained by adding channel attention to the output of the searched Cell structure
- Step 2 The spatial attention weight is obtained by adding spatial attention to the output of the searched Cell structure
- Step 3 Perform matrix multiplication of the obtained channel attention weight and spatial attention weight to obtain a new output of attention weighting.
- Step 1 Add channel attention to the output of the searched Cell structure, as shown in Figure 7; which includes, first, global average pooling and global maximum pooling are used for x with dimension h*w*C to obtain two A 1*1*C tensor, and then use a shared MLP layer to further extract features from the two tensors, and add them to obtain the channel attention weight M c through the Sigmoid function.
- Step 2 Add spatial attention to the output of the searched Cell structure, as shown in Figure 8; which includes, first, global average pooling and global maximum pooling are adopted for x with dimension h*w*C to obtain two h*w*1 tensors, and then use a convolution kernel to convert the two tensors into a h*w*1 feature map, and then process the Sigmoid function to obtain the spatial attention weight M s .
- Step 3 Perform matrix multiplication on the original output dimension x through the matrix multiplication formula with the obtained channel attention weight M c and spatial attention weight M s to obtain a new output x' of attention weighting.
- the matrix multiplication formula is as follows:
- a neural network architecture automatic search device for traffic classification is provided, referring to FIG. 3 to FIG. 8 , including:
- Data conversion module used to obtain network traffic data samples, preprocess the data samples and convert them into a traffic data set in the form of a two-dimensional matrix;
- Data division module used to divide the traffic data set into training set, validation set and test set respectively;
- Optional operation building block optional operation used to build the search space of the neural network architecture after the traffic dataset is divided;
- Search for the optimal network architecture module It is used to search for the optimal neural network architecture based on the optional operation of the search space; including, searching for the optimal Cell structure, repeating the search for stacking the same Cell structure, and forming the searched Cell structure into a whole Neural network architecture.
- the neural network architecture automatic search method and device for traffic classification in the embodiment of the present application and the data conversion module: used to obtain network traffic data samples, preprocess the data samples, and convert them into a traffic data set in the form of a two-dimensional matrix;
- Data division module used to divide the traffic data set into training set, validation set and test set respectively;
- optional operation building module optional operation used to construct the search space of the neural network architecture after the traffic data set is divided;
- search Optimal network architecture module It is used to search for the optimal neural network architecture based on the optional operation of the search space; including, searching for the optimal Cell structure, repeatedly searching and stacking the same Cell structure, and forming the searched Cell structure into the entire neural network.
- Network Architecture The present application can automatically search for the optimal neural network structure through a given candidate operation without manual participation.
- the device further includes:
- Attention adding module used to add spatial attention and channel attention to the output position of each Cell
- Retraining module used to save the searched Cell architecture parameters, and retrain the Cell architecture using a new training set that combines the training set and the validation set.
- the spatial attention and channel attention mechanisms are combined into each cell structure searched, which enhances the feature extraction capability of the model.
- spatial attention and channel attention are added to the output position of each cell structure searched to enhance the feature extraction ability of the model; the Cell structure obtained by adding spatial attention and channel attention training will be added. After the parameters are saved, continue to retrain until the training is complete.
- the neural network architecture automatic search method and device for traffic classification in the embodiment of the present application obtains network traffic data samples, preprocesses the data samples and converts them into a traffic data set in the form of a two-dimensional matrix; It is divided into training set, validation set and test set respectively; after the division of the traffic data set, the optional operation of constructing the search space of the neural network architecture; the optional operation based on the search space, searching for the optimal neural network architecture; including, Search for the optimal Cell structure, repeat the search and stack the same Cell structure, and form the searched Cell structure into the entire neural network architecture.
- the present application can automatically search for the optimal neural network structure through a given candidate operation without manual participation.
- the application uses two-dimensional data matrix extraction with two granularities, thereby forming a dual-channel input.
- This application adds spatial attention and channel attention to each Cell structure to enhance feature extraction capabilities.
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Claims (10)
- 一种用于流量分类的神经网络架构自动搜索方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:获取网络流量数据样本,将所述数据样本进行预处理并转成二维矩阵形式的流量数据集;将所述流量数据集分别划分成训练集、验证集和测试集;在所述流量数据集划分后,构建神经网络架构的搜索空间的可选操作;基于所述搜索空间的可选操作,搜索最优的神经网络架构;其中包括,搜索最优的Cell结构,重复搜索堆叠相同的Cell结构,将搜索的Cell结构形成整个神经网络架构。
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于流量分类的神经网络架构自动搜索方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:在每个Cell的输出位置加上空间注意力和通道注意力;保存搜索出来的Cell架构参数,并使用所述训练集和所述验证集合并成的新训练集进行重新训练Cell架构。
- 根据权利要求2所述的用于流量分类的神经网络架构自动搜索方法,其特征在于,在获取网络流量数据样本,将所述数据样本进行预处理并转成二维矩阵形式的流量数据集中包括:步骤一:在网络流粒度进行数据提取;步骤二:在数据包粒度进行数据提取;步骤三:将在网络流粒度提取数据和在数据包粒度提取的数据沿通道维度进行拼接组成张量;步骤四:对所有网络流进行上述第一步至第三步的操作,构建格式化的流量数据集。
- 根据权利要求2所述的用于流量分类的神经网络架构自动搜索方法,其特征在于,在将所述流量数据集分别划分成训练集、验证集和测试集中包括:所述训练集、验证集及测试集中含有相同比例的各类别流量;其中,所述训练集用于更新该结构中的网络权重参数;所述验证集用于搜索最佳的网络结构参数;所述测试集用于在搜索完成后使用训练集加验证集进行重新训练、并在测试集上评测最终结果。
- 根据权利要求2所述的用于流量分类的神经网络架构自动搜索方法,其特征在于,所述构建搜索空间的可选操作中包括:限定搜索神经网络架构空间的范围。
- 根据权利要求5所述的用于流量分类的神经网络架构自动搜索方法,其特征在于,所述神经网络架构的搜索空间的可选操作为设置为:3x3深度可分离卷积、5x5深度可分离卷积、3x3空洞卷积、5x5空洞卷积、3x3最大化池化及3x3平均池化。
- 根据权利要求2所述的用于流量分类的神经网络架构自动搜索方法,其特征在于,所述在基于所述搜索空间的可选操作,搜索最优的神经网络架构中包括:步骤一:构建超网;其中,在所述超网中扩展八条边的操作,且每条边有不同的权重;步骤二:在所述验证集损失上使用梯度下降法更新神经网络架构参数;步骤三:在所述训练集损失上使用梯度下降法更新操作权重参数;步骤四:重复步骤二、步骤三直至所述神经网络架构训练完成;步骤五:训练完成后,保留节点权重最大的那条边。
- 根据权利要求6所述的用于流量分类的神经网络架构自动搜索方法,其特征在于,所述在每个Cell的输出位置加上空间注意力和通道注意力中包括:步骤一:通过对搜索出的所述Cell结构的输出后面加入通道注意力进行处理,得到通道注意力权重;步骤二:通过对搜索出的所述Cell结构的输出后面加入空间注意力进行处理,得到空间注意力权重;步骤三:将得到的通道注意力权重和空间注意力权重进行矩阵乘法,得到注意力加权的新输出。
- 一种用于流量分类的神经网络架构自动搜索装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:数据转换模块:用于获取网络流量数据样本,将所述数据样本进行预处理并转成二维矩阵形式的流量数据集;数据分成模块:用于将所述流量数据集分别划分成训练集、验证集和测试集;可选操作构建模块:用于在所述流量数据集划分后,构建神经网络架构的搜索空间的可选操作;搜索最优网络架构模块:用于基于所述搜索空间的可选操作,搜索最优的神经网络架构;其中包括,搜索最优的Cell结构,重复搜索堆叠相同的Cell结构,将搜索的Cell结构形成整个神经网络架构。
- 根据权利要求9所述的用于流量分类的神经网络架构自动搜索装置,其特征在于,所述装置还包括:注意力加入模块:用于在每个Cell的输出位置加上空间注意力和通道注意力;重新训练模块:用于保存搜索出来的Cell架构参数,并使用所述训练集和所述验证集合并成的新训练集进行重新训练Cell架构。
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| CN115760777A (zh) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-03-07 | 脉得智能科技(无锡)有限公司 | 基于神经网络结构搜索的桥本氏甲状腺炎诊断系统 |
| CN116232694A (zh) * | 2023-01-31 | 2023-06-06 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | 轻量级网络入侵检测方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 |
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| CN115760777B (zh) * | 2022-11-21 | 2024-04-30 | 脉得智能科技(无锡)有限公司 | 基于神经网络结构搜索的桥本氏甲状腺炎诊断系统 |
| CN116232694A (zh) * | 2023-01-31 | 2023-06-06 | 清华大学深圳国际研究生院 | 轻量级网络入侵检测方法、装置、电子设备及存储介质 |
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