WO2022200210A1 - Messvorrichtung zum interferometrischen vermessen einer oberflächenform - Google Patents
Messvorrichtung zum interferometrischen vermessen einer oberflächenform Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022200210A1 WO2022200210A1 PCT/EP2022/057158 EP2022057158W WO2022200210A1 WO 2022200210 A1 WO2022200210 A1 WO 2022200210A1 EP 2022057158 W EP2022057158 W EP 2022057158W WO 2022200210 A1 WO2022200210 A1 WO 2022200210A1
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- wave
- test
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- measuring
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/2441—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using interferometry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
- G01B11/303—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces using photoelectric detection means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
- G01B21/047—Accessories, e.g. for positioning, for tool-setting, for measuring probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B9/02—Interferometers
- G01B9/02015—Interferometers characterised by the beam path configuration
- G01B9/02032—Interferometers characterised by the beam path configuration generating a spatial carrier frequency, e.g. by creating lateral or angular offset between reference and object beam
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B9/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B9/02—Interferometers
- G01B9/02034—Interferometers characterised by particularly shaped beams or wavefronts
- G01B9/02038—Shaping the wavefront, e.g. generating a spherical wavefront
- G01B9/02039—Shaping the wavefront, e.g. generating a spherical wavefront by matching the wavefront with a particular object surface shape
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/005—Testing of reflective surfaces, e.g. mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
- G01M11/0242—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations
- G01M11/025—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations by determining the shape of the object to be tested
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
- G01M11/0242—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations
- G01M11/0271—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations by using interferometric methods
Definitions
- the invention relates to a measuring device and a method for interferometrically measuring a shape of a surface of a test piece in relation to a reference shape.
- Interferometric measuring arrangements with a diffractive optical element are known for the high-precision determination of a surface shape of a test specimen, embodied as a non-spherical surface, such as a free-form surface, for example an optical element for microlithography.
- the diffractive optical element is designed, for example, as a computer-generated hologram (CGH) and is configured in such a way that it generates a test wave with a wavefront that is adapted to the target shape of the surface.
- CGH computer-generated hologram
- the diffractive structures required for this can be determined by means of a computer-aided simulation of the measuring arrangement together with the target surface and then produced on a substrate as a CGH. By superimposing the test wave reflected from the surface with a reference wave, deviations from the target shape can be determined very precisely.
- Such a measuring arrangement is described in DE 10 2015 209 490 A1, which is designed as a so-called reference mirror interferometer.
- a complex-coded CGH generates both a test wave with a wavefront adapted to the desired shape and a reference wave. While the test wave is reflected back to the CGH by the surface to be measured, points the reference wave travels in a different direction and hits a flat or spherical reference mirror. From this, the reference wave is also reflected back to the CGH. After passing through the CGH again, the reflected test wave and the reference wave are superimposed and thus generate an interference pattern on the detector.
- the aforementioned object can be achieved, for example, with a measuring device for interferometrically measuring a shape of a surface of a test piece in relation to a reference shape.
- the measuring device comprises a diffractive optical element for generating a test wave from a measurement radiation, with a wavefront of the test wave being adapted to a target shape of the surface of the test object configured as a first non-spherical surface, a reference element with a reference surface having the reference shape, the reference shape is configured as a further non-spherical surface, a first flattening, which is configured to arrange the test object in the beam path of the test wave in a measurement configuration, and a further flattening, which is configured to place the reference element in the beam path in the measurement configuration to arrange a reference wave.
- the reference wave has a wave front that is adapted to the reference shape.
- the measuring device is configured in particular for the interferometric measurement of a deviation of a shape of the optical surface of the test specimen from the reference shape.
- the measuring device is configured for interferometrically measuring a shape of an optical surface of an optical element of a projection exposure system for microlithography, such as a projection lens of such a projection exposure system.
- a non-spherical surface means an aspheric surface or a free-form surface.
- An aspherical surface is to be understood as meaning a rotationally symmetrical surface which deviates from any sphere by at least 0.05 mm, in particular by at least 0.1 mm, at least 1 mm or at least 5 mm.
- Such an aspheric surface is also referred to in this text as a rotationally symmetrical asphere or simply as an asphere.
- a free-form surface is a shape with a deviation from any rotationally symmetrical asphere of at least 5 ⁇ m, in particular at least +10 ⁇ m.
- the free-form surface deviates from any one Sphere by at least 0.05 mm, in particular at least 0.1 mm, at least 1 mm or at least 5 mm.
- the target shape of the test object surface is also configured as a non-spherical surface.
- the wave front of the test wave at the location of the surface of the test object arranged in the measurement configuration is thus also configured as a non-spherical surface, which deviates only insignificantly from the target shape designated as the first non-spherical surface, in particular by a maximum of 100 ⁇ m.
- a deviation of the surface shape of the test object from the reference shape can be determined by evaluating an interference pattern generated by superimposing the test wave with the reference wave.
- the deviation determined in this way includes a distribution of deviation values as a function of the two-dimensional surface coordinates of the test specimen.
- the surface of the test object can then be reworked in such a way that the shape of the surface of the test object is adapted to the reference shape with a high level of accuracy.
- the reference shape or reference element can be “copied”. I.e.
- this optical element can be used as a so-called "master test object” and “copied” by means of the measuring device according to the invention, i.e. another optical element with the same surface shape can be manufactured.
- the measuring device it is possible using the measuring device according to the invention to identify random errors in a processing device for the mechanical processing of object surfaces by measuring two objects produced by the processing device with the same processing recipe as a reference element and test piece. While systematic errors in the processing device do not lead to a surface deviation, the relative deviation between the surfaces determined by means of the measuring device can be traced back to random processing errors. This information may be used to eliminate random errors and thus improve the precision of the processing device.
- the surface shape can be adapted to the target shape with a high degree of accuracy by determining the surface deviation using the measuring device according to the invention.
- the reference shape of the reference element By configuring the reference shape of the reference element as a further non-spherical surface, it is possible to achieve high measurement accuracy when measuring the surface of the test object without using additional calibration mirrors.
- the test specimen in which the test specimen is arranged in the beam path of the test wave and the reference element in the beam path of a reference wave adapted to the reference shape, it is possible to swap the test specimen and reference element and carry out a comparison measurement in which the reference element are arranged in the beam path of the test wave and the test object in the beam path of the reference wave.
- the comparison measurement makes it possible to calculate errors caused by the diffractive optical element, such as writing errors in the diffractive structures, surface errors of the diffractive optical element and/or adjustment errors of the diffractive optical element, from the result of the useful measurement.
- the elimination of calibration measurements with calibration mirrors reduces the time required for surface measurement considerably.
- the comparison measurement based on the swapping of the test object and the reference element is made possible by the configuration of the reference shape according to the invention as a further non-spherical surface.
- dispensing with calibration with additional calibration mirrors enables the diffractive optical element to be designed as a complex coded optical element with a smaller number of codes, in particular with only two codes, namely one for the test wave and one for the reference wave. Further coding for generating calibration waves can thus be dispensed with. In comparison to a diffractive optical element with more codings, there are fewer interfering reflections, as a result of which the measuring accuracy can be further increased.
- dispensing with calibration using additional calibration mirrors enables test geometries with lower line densities in the diffraction structure of the diffractive optical element, i.e. the use of larger grating periods. This and the design of the diffractive optical element with fewer codings reduce the manufacturing requirements for the diffractive optical element.
- the weights of the test wave and the reference wave can be chosen to be similarly large. This always results in the best possible contrast, regardless of whether the two objects are coated or uncoated.
- a compromise is generally made in the configuration of the reference mirror between the contrast when measuring an uncoated mirror and when measuring a coated mirror.
- both the first non-spherical surface and the further non-spherical surface are each configured as a free-form surface.
- the diffractive optical element is further configured to generate the reference wave with a wave front that is adapted to the reference shape.
- the diffractive optical element is encoded at least twice, with a first encoding being configured for generating the test wave and a second encoding for generating the reference wave.
- Such a multiply encoded diffractive optical element comprises a complex encoded diffraction pattern, which comprises several, in the present case at least two, superimposed structure patterns, referred to above as codes. A first structural pattern generates the test wave and the second structural pattern generates the reference wave.
- the reference shape deviates at most 500 ⁇ m from the target shape of the surface of the test piece.
- the deviation is at most 100 ⁇ m.
- the configuration of the reference shape referred to as the second non-spherical surface, therefore deviates by a maximum of 500 ⁇ m from the configuration of the desired shape of the test object surface, referred to as the first non-spherical surface.
- the reference shape deviates by no more than 500 pm from the shape of the wavefront of the test wave at the location of the test object surface.
- the wave front of the test wave at the location of the surface of the test specimen arranged in the measurement configuration deviates by no more than 500 pm, in particular no more than 100 pm, from the wave front of the reference wave at the location of the reference surface. That is, in the event that the shape of the wavefront of the test wave at the location of the surface of the test piece and the shape of the wavefront of the reference wave are placed on top of each other at the location of the surface of the reference element, there is no point on the wavefront of the test wave which deviates from the corresponding point on the wavefront of the reference wave by more than 500 pm or by more than 100 pm .
- the surface of the test specimen has a measurement area that is irradiated by the test wave in the measurement configuration and the reference element comprises a further measurement area that is irradiated by the reference wave in the measurement configuration, the two areas of the measurement areas being at least 1%, in particular at least 3% or by at least 5%, differ from each other.
- the measurement range of the test object can match a useful range of the test object in its intended application, such as use as a mirror in a projection lens for microlithography, and the measurement range of the reference element can be larger by the proportion mentioned.
- the measuring range of the test object can be enlarged compared to the useful range of the test object and the measuring range of the reference element can correspond to the area of the useful range of the test object.
- a first area of the diffractive optical element on which the test wave is generated and a further area of the diffractive optical element on which the reference wave is generated have an overlap in which at least 80%, in particular at least 90% or at least 95%, of the area of the larger of the two regions.
- the mentioned areas of the diffractive optical element are also referred to as footprints of the test wave and the reference wave in this text.
- the first area is smaller than the second area, the first area either lies entirely within the second area or has an overlap with the second area, the overlap being at least 80% of the second area amounts to.
- interfering reflections occurring in the useful measurement on the diffractive optical element can be ORed by means of the comparison measurement with interchanged measurement objects. Interfering reflections, which are contained in the test wave, have a different effect on the result of the useful measurement than on the result of the comparison measurement. In this way, their influence can be calculated out of the overall measurement.
- the ORing described above involves less effort. The total measurement time is thus further reduced.
- the two holders are mounted on an actuation module which is configured to move the two holders in order to arrange the test object and the reference element in a further measurement configuration such that the respective position of the test object and the reference element are swapped.
- the two brackets are mounted in the actuation module in such a way that the brackets can be moved relative to one another in at least one rigid body degree of freedom, i.e. the brackets can be tilted, rotated and/or slid relative to one another, for example.
- the actuation module is configured to move the two holders in order to arrange the test object and the reference element in the further measurement configuration in such a way that, in addition to the respective position, the respective orientation and the respective tilted position of the test object and the reference element are also swapped.
- the actuation module is configured to move the holders such that after the movement, the specimen is in the position and tilted position of the reference element before the movement and the reference element is in the position and tilted position of the specimen before the movement.
- the test object can move from a first measurement position, in which its surface is illuminated by the test wave at a suitable angle, to a second measurement position, in which its surface is illuminated by the reference wave at a suitable angle is illuminated, and furthermore the reference element can be moved from a first measurement position, in which its surface is illuminated by the reference wave at a suitable angle, to a second measurement position, in which its surface is illuminated by the test wave at a suitable angle, and vice versa.
- the actuation module is configured to rotate the two mounts about a common axis of rotation.
- the axis of rotation is in particular arranged essentially parallel to the angle bisecting the propagation directions of the test wave and the reference wave.
- the actuation module is configured to displace at least one of the mounts in a translational direction and/or to tilt at least one of the mounts.
- the diffractive optical element is configured to generate the test wave and the reference wave with propagation directions which, compared to a symmetrical arrangement of the propagation directions, each have a deviation of at most 5°, in particular a deviation of at most 1° or at most 0 1°, wherein in the sym metric arrangement the propagation directions are arranged symmetrically with respect to an axis perpendicular to a diffraction pattern of the diffractive optical element.
- the reference shape is adapted to the desired shape of the surface of the specimen and the two holders are arranged in such a way that the specimen held by the first holder can be tilted with respect to a direction of the gravitational force corresponds to a tilted position of the reference element held by the second holder with respect to the direction of the gravitational force.
- the shape of the reference element can be mathematically adapted to the shape of the test object using a mathematical fitting algorithm and the orientation of the adapted shape of the reference element can then be identical to the orientation be determined by the shape of the specimen.
- the test object and the reference element are arranged one behind the other in the measurement configuration in a partially overlapping position in the beam paths of the test wave and the reference wave.
- the diffractive optical element is configured to generate the test wave and the reference wave in such a way that the wave front of the test wave has the shape adapted to the target shape of the test object surface at a position which is opposite to another position at which the waves front the Reference wave is adapted to the reference form, is offset so far that the test object and the reference element one behind the other in the partially overlapping se position in the beam paths of the test wave and the reference wave can be arranged.
- the diffractive optical element is configured to radiate the test wave onto a measurement area of the surface that is expanded compared to a useful area of the surface.
- the expanded measuring range is increased by at least 1%, in particular by at least 5% or by at least 10%, compared to the useful range.
- a usable area of the surface is the area of the surface that is used when the test object is used as intended.
- the effective area of its surface is understood to be that area which is illuminated by the exposure radiation when installed in the projection exposure system.
- the reference element has a hole and the diffractive optical element is configured to generate the test wave with a converging beam path in such a way that caustic of the test wave is generated in the hole of the reference element arranged in the beam path of the reference wave.
- This allows the test wave to hit the test object as an expanding wave after passing through the hole in the reference element.
- the test wave in the measuring arrangement of the reference element can pass through the hole in the reference element and hit the test object behind the reference element.
- the aforementioned object can also be achieved, for example, with a method for interferometrically measuring a shape of a surface of a test piece in relation to a reference shape.
- the method according to the invention comprises the steps: Radiating at least part of a test wave generated by means of a diffractive optical element onto the surface of the test object, which is arranged in the beam path of the test wave by means of a first holder, with the wave front of the test wave being directed to one, as a first non-spherical surface configured, target shape is adapted to the surface of the test object, arranging a reference element in the beam path of a reference wave by means of a further holder, wherein the reference element comprises the reference surface having the reference shape and wherein the reference shape is configured as a further non-spherical surface, and superimposing the test wave after interaction with the surface of the test object with the reference wave, whose radiation was exposed to an interaction with the reference surface.
- the test wave and the reference wave are generated by irradiating a measuring beam onto the diffractive optical element, where the test wave is superimposed on the reference wave after its interaction with the reference surface.
- the test wave after interacting with the surface of the test object, is selsky superimposed with the reference surface, ie after the Referenzwel le has interacted with the surface of the test object.
- FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a measuring device with a diffractive optical element for generating a test wave for interferometric measurement of a deviation of a shape of an optical surface of a test specimen from a reference shape of a reference element
- Fig. 2 shows a view of the reference element along the line II-II' in Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3 shows a view of the diffractive optical element along the line III-III' in Fig. 1, 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a measuring device with a diffractive optical element for generating a test wave for interferometric measurement of a deviation of a shape of an optical surface of a test object from a reference shape of a reference element,
- Fig. 5 shows a view of the reference element along the line V-V' in Fig. 4,
- FIG. 6 shows a view of the diffractive optical element along the line VI-VI in FIG. 4,
- FIG. 7 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a measuring device with a diffractive optical element for generating a test wave for interferometric measurement of a deviation of a shape of an optical surface of a test object from a reference shape of a reference element
- Fig. 8 shows a view of the reference element along the line VIII-VIII' in Fig. 7,
- Fig. 9 shows a view of the diffractive optical element along the line IX-IX in Fig. 7,
- FIG. 10 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a measuring device with a diffractive optical element for generating a test wave for interferometric measurement of a deviation of a shape of an optical surface of a test object from a reference shape of a reference element
- Fig. 12 an exemplary illustration of the surface of the test piece and the reference shape
- 13 shows an embodiment of a projection exposure system for microlithography with an optical element produced using the measuring device according to one of FIGS. 1, 4, 7 and 10.
- FIG. 1 a Cartesian xyz coordinate system is given in the drawing, from which the respective positional relationship of the components shown in the figures results.
- the y-direction runs perpendicular to the plane of the drawing into it, the x-direction to the right and the z-direction upwards.
- a test specimen 14 can be, for example, a mirror of a projection lens for EUV microlithography with a surface 12 configured as a non-spherical surface, in particular as an aspherical surface or as a free-form surface FF, for reflecting EUV radiation with a wavelength of less than 100 nm, in particular a wavelength of about 13.5 nm or about 6.8 nm.
- An aspherical surface 16 is to be understood as meaning a rotationally symmetrical surface which deviates from any sphere 16 by at least 0.05 mm, in particular by at least 0.1 mm, at least 1 mm or at least 5 mm.
- a free-form surface FF is understood to be any shape which has a deviation Di of at least 5 ⁇ m from any rotationally symmetrical asphere 16 and a deviation D2 of at least 1 mm from any sphere 18 . in figure
- FIG 11 shows that rotationally symmetrical asphere 16 of all any aspheres whose maximum deviation D1 from the free-form surface FF is the smallest, i.e. the rotationally symmetrical asphere 16 drawn in FIG asphere.
- This also applies analogously to the sphere 18 illustrated in FIG Sphere best adapted to the free-form surface FF in terms of its maximum deviation D2.
- Fig. 12 illustrates, by way of example, a profile of the surface 12 of the test specimen designed as a non-spherical surface, in this case a free-form surface FF, as well as the corresponding profile of the reference shape 41, which is also designed as a non-spherical surface, in this case a free-form surface FF.
- the measuring device 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 contains a radiation source 20 for providing a sufficiently coherent measuring radiation 22 as an input wave.
- the radiation source 20 comprises a waveguide 24 with an exit surface from which the input wave originates.
- the waveguide 24 is connected to a radiation generating module 26, for example in the form of a laser.
- a Flelium-Neon laser with a wavelength of approximately 633 nm can be provided for this purpose, for example.
- the measurement radiation 22 can also have a different wavelength in the visible or non-visible wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation.
- the radiation source 20 with the waveguide 24 represents only one example of a radiation source 26 that can be used for the measuring device.
- an optical arrangement with lens elements, mirror elements or the like can be provided to provide a suitable input wave from the measuring radiation 22.
- the measurement radiation 22 first passes through a beam splitter 28 and then strikes a diffractive optical element 30 with a diffraction pattern 31 arranged on a surface generate 12 of the DUT 14 che.
- the diffractive optical element 30 generates a reference wave 34 from the incident measuring radiation 22.
- the measuring device 10 includes a reference element 38 with an optically active surface in the form of a reference surface 40 for reflecting the reference wave 34 into a returning reference wave 34r.
- the reference surface 40 has the reference shape 41, which is also configured as a non-spherical surface, ie as an asphere or as a free-form surface FF (cf. the explanation above with reference to FIG. 11).
- the reference element 38 corresponds in particular, apart from slight deviations in the reference surface 40 compared to the surface 12, in shape, appearance and quality of the test specimen 14.
- the reference surface 40 is designed as a mirror surface.
- the reference element 38 and the test object 12 can also each be configured as a lens which, in cooperation with a mirror, generates the returning reference wave 34r or a returning test wave 32r.
- the optically effective surface is understood to mean a lens surface interacting with the reference shaft 34 or the test shaft 32 .
- the diffractive optical element 30 is in the form of a complex-coded CGH, with its diffraction pattern 31 being formed according to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG.
- the diffractive optical element 30 is therefore also referred to as being encoded twice.
- the diffraction pattern can also have more than two diffractive structure patterns arranged superimposed in one plane, for example five diffractive structure patterns arranged superimposed, for the additional generation of calibration waves.
- the test optics for generating the test wave 32 can also consist of more than one diffractive optical element, such as two diffractive optical elements arranged one after the other.
- the two diffractive structural patterns of the diffractive optical element 30 according to FIG. 1 can be formed, for example, by a first structural pattern in the form of a basic grating and a second diffractive structural pattern in the form of a superlattice.
- One of the diffractive structure patterns is configured to generate the test wave 32 which is directed towards the test object 14 and a wave front which is at least partially adapted to a desired shape 43 of the optical surface 12
- the test shaft 32 irradiates a measurement area 56 on the test item 14, the diameter 56d of which is shown in the plane of the drawing in FIG. 1 with a double arrow.
- the measurement area 56 corresponds exactly or substantially, i.e. with a maximum deviation of about 1%, to the optical surface 12 to be tested or a useful area of the optical surface 12.
- the test shaft 32 is attached to the optical surface 12 of the specimen 14 is reflected and runs back to the diffractive optical element 30 as a returning test wave 32r. Due to the target form
- the other diffractive structure pattern generates the reference wave 34, which is directed to the reference element 38 and to the reference form 41, ie the Shape of the reference surface 40, adapted wavefront 44 has.
- the reference shaft 34 irradiates a further measuring area 58 on the reference element 38.
- the diameter 58d of the further measuring area is marked in FIG. 1 with a double arrow.
- the irradiated further measurement area 58 is smaller than the reference surface 40, ie has a deviation of at least 1%, but lies within the same, as will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIG.
- test wave 32r running back from the surface 12 of the specimen 14 passes through the diffractive optical element 30 again and is diffracted again in the process.
- the returning test wave 32r is transformed back into an approximately spherical wave, the wavefront of which has deviations from a spherical wavefront corresponding to deviations in the surface 12 of the test object 14 from the desired shape 43 .
- the returning reference wave 34r reflected by the reference surface 40 of the reference element 38 also passes through the diffractive optical element 30 again and is diffracted again in the process. In this case, the returning reference wave 34r is transformed back into an approximately spherical wave.
- the diffractive optical element 30 is thus also used for superimposing the returning reference wave 34r on the test wave 32r to be returned.
- the measuring device 10 contains a detection device with the beam splitter 28 already mentioned above for carrying out the combination of the returning test wave 32r and the returning reference wave 34r from the beam path of the irradiated measuring radiation 22 and an observation unit 46 for detecting a superimposition of the test wave 32r with of the reference wave 34r generated interferogram.
- the returning test wave 32r and the returning reference wave 34r impinge on the beam splitter 28 as convergent beams and are reflected by it in the direction of the observation unit 46 .
- Both convergent rays pass through an aperture 48 and an eyepiece 50 of the observation unit 46 and finally hit a two-dimensionally resolving detector 52 of the observation unit 46.
- the detector 52 can, for example, be designed as a CCD sensor and detects an interferogram generated by the interfering waves.
- the measuring device 10 includes an evaluation device 54 for determining the deviation of the optical surface 12 of the test object 14 from the reference shape 41, i.e. the shape of the reference surface 40, from the detected interferogram or multiple detected interferograms.
- the evaluation device 54 has a suitable data processing unit and uses appropriate calculation methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the measuring device 10 can contain a data memory or an interface to a network in order to enable the deviation of the surface shape to be determined by an external evaluation unit using the stored interferogram or the interferogram transmitted via the network.
- the measuring device 10 further comprises a first flattening 60 for flattening the specimen 14 and a second flattening 62 for flattening the reference element 38.
- the flattening 60 is positioned in such a way that the specimen 14, as mentioned above, is arranged in the beam path of the test shaft 32.
- the test specimen 14 can be, for example, the mirror M4 of the projection exposure system 101 for microlithography, which will be described in more detail below with reference to FIG.
- the test object 14 is arranged in the same orientation with respect to the gravitational force G as in the installed state in the projection exposure system 101, i.e. in the same orientation of the mirror M4 according to FIG.
- the orientation of the specimen 14 in the measuring device 10 is set in such a way that the optical surface 12 is tilted by an angle a with respect to the gravitational force G in a central area.
- the tilting is analogous to this of the central area of the optical surface of the mirror M4 against the gravitational force G by the angle ⁇ in FIG.
- the reference element 38 is arranged in the analogous orientation with respect to the gravitational force G, ie the reference element 38 is oriented such that the reference surface 40 is tilted by the angle a with respect to the gravitational force G in a central region.
- the angle a is not shown in the first measurement configuration shown in the left-hand section of FIG.
- Arranging the specimen 14 in the same orientation with respect to the gravitational force G as when it is installed in the projection exposure system 101 ensures that a change in shape occurring as a result of a deformation effect of the gravitational force G on the optical surface 12 of the mirror M4 mounted in the projection exposure system 101 is analogous occurs on the optical surface 12 of the specimen 14 arranged in the measuring device 10 . It can thus be ensured that the measurement result determined in the measurement device 10 can be transferred to operation in the projection exposure system 101 .
- FIG. 2 illustrates a view of the reference element 38 along the line II-II' in FIG. 1, ie in a top view of the underside of the reference element 38 that includes the reference surface 40.
- the direction of view taken in the top view is parallel to the direction of propagation 34a of the reference wave 34.
- the reference surface 40 of the reference element 38 corresponds to the optical surface 12 of the specimen 14
- the reference surface 40 shown in Fig. 2 with a solid line corresponds to the measurement area 56 on the specimen 14.
- the other measurement area 58 irradiated by the reference wave 34 is As already mentioned above, in the configuration shown here it is smaller than the measuring area 56.
- the area of the further measuring area 58 is at least 1% smaller, in particular at least 10% smaller, than the area of the measuring area 56.
- the Gauge diameter 58d 58 in 1 is at least 1% smaller, in particular at least 10% smaller, than the diameter 56d of the measuring area 56 in the plane of the drawing in FIG.
- the reference element 38 and the test object 14 are arranged in an overlapping position in different proximity to the diffractive optical element 30 in the first measurement configuration. Furthermore, the propagation directions 32a and 34a of the test wave 32 and the reference wave 34 are not exactly symmetrical with respect to a central axis 36 perpendicular to the diffraction pattern 31 of the diffractive optical element 30. According to one exemplary embodiment, the propagation directions 32a and 34a of the test wave point 32 or the reference wave 34 has a deviation of more than 5°, in particular of more than 10°, from a fictitious arrangement of the propagation directions that is exactly symmetrical with respect to the central axis 36 .
- Fig. 3 illustrates the respective zones of origin 32e and 34e or the respective footprint of the test wave 32 or the reference wave 34 on the diffractive optical element 30 in a view of the diffractive optical element 30 along the line III-IIG in Fig. 1, ie in a plan view of the side of the diffractive optical element 30 having the diffraction pattern 31.
- the zones of origin 32e and 34e are also referred to in this text as the first and second region of the diffractive optical element 30, respectively.
- the zone of origin 32e of the test wave 32 irradiating the measuring area 56 is smaller than the zone of origin 34e of the reference wave 34 irradiating the measuring area 58 and lies completely within the zone of origin 34e.
- the zones of origin 32e and 34e have an overlap, which in the present case corresponds to the zone of origin 32e.
- the size ratio of the zones of origin 32e and 34e is inversely related to the size ratio of the measurement areas 56 and 58.
- the two holders 60 and 62 are mounted on an actuation module 64 which is configured to exchange the test specimen 14 and the reference element 38 .
- the swapping of the two objects is to be understood as swapping the jewei time position, the respective orientation and the respective tilted position of the test item 14 and the reference element 38, ie the test item 14 is in the previous position, in the previous orientation and when swapped the previous tilted position of the reference element 38 is arranged.
- the reference element in 38 is arranged in the previous position, in the previous orientation and in the previous tilted position of the test piece 14 when swapped.
- the first measurement configuration of the measurement device 10 shown in the left-hand section of FIG. 1 is converted into the second measurement configuration of the measurement device 10 shown in the right-hand section of FIG.
- the radiation source 20, the beam splitter 28 and the observation unit 46 have been left out to simplify the drawing.
- the two holders 60 and 62 are moved by the actuation module 64 in such a way that, instead of the test object 14, the reference element 38 is in the same position Position, attitude and orientation as before the test piece is arranged in the beam path of the test shaft 32. Furthermore, the movement of the two holders 60 and 62 has the effect that, instead of the reference element 38 , the test item 14 is arranged in the same position, position and orientation as the reference zelement 38 in the beam path of the reference shaft 34 .
- the actuation module 64 comprises a base plate 66 which is mounted for rotation about an axis of rotation 70.
- the axis of rotation 66 is aligned parallel or substantially parallel to the central axis 36, which is perpendicular to the diffractive optic element 30 stands.
- the axis of rotation 70 is essentially parallel to a bisector of the propagation directions 32a and 34a of the test wave 32 and the reference wave 34. “Essentially parallel” is understood here to mean that the deviation from the parallel arrangement is no more than 10°, in particular is not more than 5°.
- Two displacement modules 72 and 74 are arranged on the base plate 66, to which the holders 60 and 62 are fastened so that they can be tilted.
- the displacement modules 72 and 74 enable the holders 60 and 62 to be displaced in a translation axis 76 arranged parallel to the axis of rotation 70.
- the tiltability of the holders 60 and 62 which is marked in FIG. 1 with curved double arrows, relates to transverse to the axis of rotation 70 aligned tilting axes sen 78.
- the base plate 66 is rotated through 180° with respect to the axis of rotation. Furthermore, the first holder 60 holding the test piece 14 is pushed away from the base plate 66 along the translation axis 76 and the second holder 62 holding the reference element 38 is pushed along the translation axis 76 towards the base plate 66 .
- the holders 60 and 62 are tilted with respect to the tilting axes 78 in such a way that the surface 12 of the test object 14 and the reference surface 40 of the reference element 38 are arranged perpendicular to the directions of propagation 34a and 32a of the reference wave 34 and the test wave 32.
- a useful measurement is carried out in the first measurement configuration shown in the left-hand section of FIG.
- a comparison measurement is then carried out in the second measurement configuration shown in the right section of FIG. 1, in which the test object 14 and the reference element 38 are interchanged.
- the evaluation device 54 determines the deviation of the surface 12 of the test piece 14 from the desired shape 43 .
- Errors caused by the diffractive optical element 30, such as writing errors in the diffraction pattern 31, surface errors of the diffractive optical element 30 and/or adjustment errors of the diffractive optical element 30, are determined from the result of the useful measurement on the basis of the at least one interferogram measured during the comparison measurement subtracted out.
- the zone of origin 32e of the test wave 32 on the diffractive optical element 30 lies completely within the zone of origin 34e of the reference wave 34, i.e. the two zones of origin 32e and 34e have an overlap, which in the present case is the origin corresponds to the formation zone 32e, i.e. 100% of the area of the formation zone 32e, i.e. the smaller of the two formation zones 32e and 34e, is arranged in the overlap.
- the larger formation zone 34e has a non-overlapping area 33f with the formation zone 32e, the area of the non-overlapping area 33f being at most 20% of the area of the formation zone 34e.
- interfering reflections on the diffractive optical element 30, which occur during the useful measurement can be ORed by means of the comparison measurement.
- Interfering reflections, which are contained, for example, in the test wave 32 have a different influence on the result of the useful measurement than on the result of the comparison measurement. This means that their influence can be calculated out of the overall measurement.
- the comparison measurement in the reversed arrangement of test object 14 and reference element 38 the interference reflections in the non-overlapping area 33f of the zones of origin 32e and 34e cannot be ORed. Since the non-overlapping area 33f is considerably smaller than the overlapping area, the effect achieved by the OR operation predominates overall.
- test object 14 embodies the mirror M4 of the projection exposure system 101 shown in Fig. 13.
- the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 4 differs from the exemplary embodiment according to Fig. 1 in that the test object 14 and the Reference element 38 are arranged in such a way that the two objects can be exchanged by simply rotating about the axis of rotation 70 .
- the swapping of test object 14 and reference element 38 means that the respective position, the respective orientation and the respective tilted position of test object 14 and reference element 38 are swapped.
- the measuring device 10 is shown in the first measurement configuration, in which the useful measurement is carried out, and in the right-hand section of Fig. 4, the measuring device 10 is shown in the second measurement configuration, in which the test specimen 14 and the reference element 38 are interchanged and in which the comparison measurement is carried out.
- the radiation source 20, the beam splitter 28 and the observation unit 46 are omitted in the representation according to FIG.
- the two objects are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 36 , which coincides with the axis of rotation 70 , so that the two objects comprising the test object 14 and the reference element 38 can be exchanged by simply rotating them around the axis of rotation 70 .
- the two objects are arranged such that the surface 12 of the test object 14 on the one hand and the reference surface 40 of the reference element 38 on the other are each tilted in a central area by the same angle ⁇ with respect to the gravitational force G.
- the angle ⁇ differs from the angle ⁇ by which the mirror M4 embodied by the test piece 12 in the projection exposure system 101 according to FIG. 13 in relation to the gravitational force G is tilted.
- the test object and the reference element 38 are arranged at the same distance from the diffractive optical element 30 .
- the actuation module 64 Because of the simplified requirement for the exchange movement, the actuation module 64 according to FIG.
- the displacement modules 72 and 74 provided in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 and the ability to tilt about the tilting axes 78 are not required.
- Fig. 5 illustrates a view of the reference element 38 along the line V-V' in Fig. 4, i.e. a plan view of the underside of the reference element 38 comprising the reference surface 40 (see Fig. 2).
- the further measurement area 58 on reference surface 40 irradiated by reference wave 34 is just as large as the measurement area 56 on surface 12 irradiated by test wave 32, which is a useful area of surface 12 in the projection exposure system 101 corresponds.
- the diameter 58d of the measuring area 58 in the drawing plane of FIG. 4 is exactly as large as the diameter 56d of the measuring area 56 in the drawing plane.
- Fig. 6 illustrates the respective zone of origin 32e or 34e or the respective footprint of the test wave 32 or the reference wave 34 on the diffractive optical element 30 in a view of the diffractive optical element 30 along the line Vl-Vl ' in Fig. 4, ie in a plan view of the side of the diffractive optical element 30 having the diffraction pattern 31 (cf. FIG. 3).
- the zone of origin 32e of the test wave 32 irradiating the measuring area 56 is just as large as the zone of origin 34e of the reference wave 34 irradiating the measuring area 58 and is arranged at least almost congruently with respect to the zone of origin 34e.
- the nascent zones 32e and 34e have an overlap that corresponds to both the nascent zone 32e and the nascent zone 34e.
- there is no non- overlapping area 33f is present and full-surface ORing can take place both in the useful measurement and in the comparison measurement.
- FIG. 7 a further exemplary embodiment of a measuring device 10 for interferometrically measuring a deviation of a shape of an optical surface 12 of a test object 14 from a reference shape 41 is illustrated.
- the test piece 14 embodies a mirror of the projection exposure system 101 shown in FIG. 13, but this mirror differs from the mirror M4 used in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4, as explained in more detail below.
- the exemplary embodiment of the measuring device 10 according to FIG. 7 largely corresponds to the measuring device 10 according to FIG.
- the measuring device 10 is shown in the first measurement configuration, in which the useful measurement is carried out, and in the right-hand section of Fig. 4, the measuring device 10 is shown in the second measurement configuration, in which the test object 14 and the reference element 38 are interchanged and in which the comparison measurement is carried out.
- the radiation source 20, the beam splitter 28 and the observation unit are omitted in the representation according to FIG.
- the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7 differs only in that the measurement area 56 on the surface 12, which corresponds to the useful area of the surface 12 of the specimen 14 in the projection exposure system 101, does not exactly coincide with the measurement area 58 on the reference element 38, as referred to below on Fig. 8 explained in more detail.
- a notional test wave 32f in solid lines
- a notional reference wave 34f in broken lines with short dashes
- the measurement range 58 on the reference surface 40 precisely the measurement range 58 on the reference surface 40, which corresponds to the useful range or the measurement range 56 of the surface 12 in the second measurement configuration shown in the right-hand section of FIG.
- Fig. 8 illustrates a view of the reference element 38 along the line VIII-Vlll' in Fig. 7, i.e. in a plan view of the underside of the reference element 38 comprising the reference surface 40 (cf. Fig. 2). Due to the symmetrical arrangement of test piece 14 and reference element 38, the further measurement area 58 on the reference surface 40 irradiated by the reference wave 34f is essentially the same size in terms of area as the measurement area 56 on the surface 12 irradiated by the test wave 32f, but the measurement areas are the same 56 and 58 are not congruent due to the lack of x-axis symmetry of the plan view surfaces of the measuring regions 56 and 58 shown in FIG.
- non-interfering areas 80a of the test wave 32f In the areas that do not coincide, there are non-interfering areas 80a of the test wave 32f and non-interfering areas 80b of the reference wave 34f.
- the non-interfering areas 80a of the test wave 32f prevent the interferometric measurement of the corresponding sections of the surface in the first measurement configuration and the non-interfering areas 80b of the reference wave 34f prevent their interferometric measurement in the second measurement configuration.
- the measurement area 58 can be shifted in relation to the correspondence of the measurement area 56 on the reference element 38 . So that the overlap of the measurement area 58 with the correspondence of the measurement area 56 on the reference element 38 can then be optimized if necessary.
- the diffractive optical element 30 is configured in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG 32f or the fictitious reference wave 34f is expanded in such a way that an expanded measurement area 82 on the surface 12 and the reference surface 40 is irradiated.
- the expanded test shaft 32 and the expanded reference shaft 34 are shown in Fig. 7 by broken lines with long dashes, respectively.
- the extended measuring area 82 is configured in such a way that the measuring areas 56 and 58 are completely surrounded by it.
- the non-interfering areas 80a and 80b described for the fictitious waves 32f and 34f are therefore also enclosed by the extended measurement area 82, as a result of which the sections of the optical surface 12 corresponding to these areas can also be measured interferometrically.
- the diameters 56d, 58d and 82d of the measuring area 56, the wider measuring area 58 and the expanded measuring area 82 are indicated in the plane of the drawing.
- the surface 12 of the test object 14 is designed to be correspondingly larger than the measurement area 56, which corresponds to the useful area of the test object 14 in the projection exposure system 101.
- the surface 12 is configured somewhat larger than the area required for reflecting the exposure radiation 116 according to FIG. 13, i.e. the beam path of the exposure radiation 116 does not cover the entire surface 12 of the mirror but only the slightly smaller usable area.
- Fig. 9 illustrates the respective zones of origin 32e and 34e or the respective footprint of the fictitious test wave 32f or fictitious reference wave 34f as well as a projection or a footprint of the extended measurement area 82 on the diffractive optical element 30 in a view of the diffractive optical element 30 along the line IX-IX ' in FIG. 7, ie in a plan view of the side of the diffractive optical element 30 having the diffraction pattern 31 (cf. FIG. 3).
- 10 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a measuring device 10 for interferometrically measuring a deviation in a shape of an optical surface 12 of a test piece 14 from a reference shape 41 of a reference element 38 .
- the test specimen 14 embodies, for example, the mirror M6 of the projection exposure system 101 shown in Fig. 13.
- the mirror M6 is characterized in that it has an opening or a hole 84 in the center through which the exposure radiation 116 in the beam path of the projection exposure system 101 initially passes occurs before it is reflected at mirror M6 after reflection at mirror M5.
- the left-hand section of FIG. 10 shows the measuring device 10 in the first measuring configuration, in which the useful measurement already explained with reference to the above exemplary embodiments of the measuring device 10 is carried out.
- the measuring device 10 is shown in the second measurement configuration, in which the test object 14 and the reference element 38, which is configured according to the test object, apart from minor deviations in the reference surface 40, are reversed and in which the already comparative measurement explained with reference to the above exemplary embodiments of the measuring device.
- the radiation source 20, the beam splitter 28 and the observation unit 46 are omitted in the illustration according to FIG.
- the exemplary embodiment of the measuring device 10 according to FIG. 10 differs from the measuring device 10 according to FIG. 1 in that the reference element 38 and the test piece 14 are arranged one behind the other, namely one behind the other in the direction of the propagation direction 32a of the test wave 32.
- the test wave 32 generated by the fractive optical element 30 has a converging beam path which is configured in such a way that in the first measurement configuration, a caustic 86 of the test wave 32 is generated in the hole 84 of the reference element 38 and the test wave 32 is thus undisturbed by the hole 84 of the reference element 38 can pass through and subsequently hits the surface 12 of the specimen 14 as an expanding wave.
- the reference wave 34 is generated by the diffractive optical element 30 as an expanding wave and impinges on the Reference surface 40 of the reference element 38 on.
- the interferogram generated by superimposing the returning test wave 32r and the returning reference wave 34r is evaluated as described with reference to the embodiment according to FIG.
- the flights 60 and 62 are mounted for rotation about a respective axis of rotation 88 and 90, respectively.
- the base plate is now rotated by 180° in relation to the axis of rotation 70 and the folding stanchions 60 and 62 are also each rotated by 180° in relation to the axes of rotation 88 and 90.
- the essential components of the above-mentioned projection exposure system 101 for microlithography, in which an optical element produced using the measuring device 10 described above can be used, are described below with reference to FIG. 13 as an example.
- the projection exposure apparatus 101 described here is an embodiment for EUV lithography.
- an optical element produced using the measuring device 10 can also be used in a projection exposure system for DUV lithography.
- an optical element produced using the measuring device 10 can be used for any optical applications with aspheres or free-form surfaces, e.g. progressive lenses etc.
- An illumination system 102 of the projection exposure system 101 comprises, in addition to a radiation source 103, the illumination option already mentioned above.
- tik 104 for illuminating an object field 105 in an object plane 106.
- a reticle 107 arranged in the object field 105 is exposed here.
- the reticle 107 is held by a reticle holder 108.
- the reticle holder 108 can be displaced via a reticle displacement drive 109, in particular in a scanning direction.
- FIG. 13 A Cartesian xyz coordinate system is shown in FIG. 13 for explanation.
- the y-direction runs perpendicularly into the plane of the drawing.
- the x-direction is horizontal and the z-direction is vertical.
- the scanning direction runs along the x-direction.
- the z-direction runs perpendicular to the object plane 106.
- the projection exposure system 101 also includes the above-mentioned projection lens 110.
- the projection lens 110 is used to image the object field 105 in an image field 111 in an image plane 112.
- the image plane 112 runs parallel to the object plane 106. Alternatively, there is also an angle other than 0° between the object plane 106 and the image plane 112 is possible.
- a structure on the reticle 107 is imaged onto a light-sensitive layer of a wafer 113 arranged in the region of the image field 111 in the image plane 112.
- the wafer 113 is held by a wafer holder 114.
- the wafer holder 114 can be displaced via a wafer displacement drive 115, in particular along the y-direction.
- the displacement of the reticle 107 via the reticle displacement drive 109 on the one hand and the wafer 113 on the other hand via the wafer displacement drive 115 can be synchronized with one another.
- the radiation source 103 is an EUV radiation source.
- the radiation source 103 emits exposure radiation 116, in particular in the form of EUV radiation, which is also referred to below as useful radiation.
- the useful radiation has a wavelength in the range between 5 nm and 30 nm, in particular a wavelength of approximately 13.5 nm or approximately 6.8 nm.
- the radiation source 103 can be a plasma source, for example an LPP (Laser Produced Plasma) source or a DPP (Gas Discharged Produced Plasma) source. It can also be a synchrotron-based radiation source.
- the radiation source 103 can also be a free-electron laser (FEL).
- the exposure radiation 116 emanating from the radiation source 103 is bundled by a collector 117 .
- the collector 117 can be a collector with one or more ellipsoidal and/or hyperboloidal reflection surfaces.
- the at least one reflection surface of the collector 117 can be used in grazing incidence (Grazing Incidence, Gl), i.e. with angles of incidence greater than 45°, or in normal incidence (Normal Incidence, NI), i.e. with angles of incidence less than 45°, with the exposure radiation 116 are applied.
- Gl grazing Incidence
- NI normal incidence
- the collector 117 can be structured and/or coated on the one hand to optimize its reflectivity for the useful radiation and on the other hand to suppress stray light.
- the intermediate focal plane 118 can represent a separation between a radiation source module, comprising the radiation source 103 and the collector 117, and the illumination optics 104.
- the course of the exposure radiation 116 through the illumination optics 104 and the projection lens 110 is referred to below as the useful beam path 124 .
- the illumination optics 104 comprises a deflection mirror 119 and a first facet mirror 120 downstream of this in the beam path.
- the deflection mirror 119 can be a flat deflection mirror or, alternatively, a mirror with an effect that influences the beam beyond the pure deflection effect.
- the mirror 119 can be designed as a spectral filter, which separates a useful light wavelength of the exposure radiation 116 from stray light of a different wavelength.
- the first facet mirror 120 is arranged in a plane of the illumination optics 104 which is optically conjugate to the object plane 106 as a field plane, this is also referred to as a field facet mirror.
- the first facet mirror 120 includes a multiplicity of individual first facets 121, which are also referred to below as field facets. A few of these facets 121 are shown in FIG. 13 only by way of example.
- the first facets 121 can be embodied as macroscopic facets, in particular as rectangular facets or as facets with an arcuate or part-circular edge contour.
- the first facets 121 can be embodied as planar facets or alternatively as convexly or concavely curved facets.
- the first facets 121 themselves can each also be composed of a large number of individual mirrors, in particular a large number of micromirrors.
- the first facet mirror 120 can be embodied in particular as a microelectromechanical system (MEMS system). Reference is made to DE 10 2008 009 600 A1 for details.
- MEMS system microelectromechanical system
- the exposure radiation 116 runs horizontally between the collector 117 and the deflection mirror 119, ie along the y-direction.
- the first facet mirror 120 is followed by the second facet mirror 122 already mentioned above. If the second facet mirror 122 is arranged in a pupil plane of the illumination optics 104, it is also referred to as a pupil facet mirror. The second facet mirror 122 can also be arranged at a distance from a pupil plane of the illumination optics 104 . In this case, the combination of the first facet mirror 120 and the second facet mirror 122 is also referred to as a specular reflector. Specular reflectors are made from US2006/
- the second facet mirror 122 includes a plurality of second facets 123.
- the second facets 123 are also referred to as pupil facets.
- the second facets 123 can also be macroscopic facets, which can have round, rectangular or hexagonal borders, for example, or alternatively they can be facets composed of micromirrors. In this regard, reference is also made to DE 102008009600 A1.
- the second facets 123 can have plane, or alternatively convexly or concavely curved, reflection surfaces.
- the illumination optics 104 thus forms a double-faceted system.
- This basic principle is also known as a fly's eye integrator.
- the individual first facets 121 are imaged in the object field 105 with the aid of the second facet mirror 122 .
- the second facet mirror 122 is the last beam-forming mirror or actually the last mirror for the exposure radiation 116 in the useful beam path 124 in front of the object field 105.
- transmission optics can be arranged in the useful beam path between the second facet mirror 122 and the object field 105, which contributes in particular to the imaging of the first facets 121 in the object field 105.
- the transmission optics can have exactly one mirror, but alternatively also have two or more mirrors, which are arranged one behind the other in the useful beam path of the illumination optics 104 .
- the transmission optics can in particular one or two mirrors for normal incidence (NI mirror, normal incidence mirror) and/or one or two mirrors for grazing incidence (GI mirror, gracing incidence mirror).
- the illumination optics 104 comprises exactly three mirrors after the collector 117, namely the deflection mirror 119, the field facet mirror 120 and the pupil facet mirror 122.
- the deflection mirror 119 can also be omitted, so that the illumination optics 104 can then have exactly two mirrors after the collector 117, namely the first facet mirror 120 and the second facet mirror 122.
- the imaging of the first facets 121 by means of the second facets 123 or with the second facets 123 and transmission optics in the object plane 106 is regularly only an approximate imaging.
- the projection lens 110 includes a plurality of mirrors Mi, which are numbered consecutively according to their arrangement in the useful beam path of the projection exposure system 101 .
- the projection lens 110 includes six mirrors M1 to M6. Alternatives with four, eight, ten, twelve or another number of mirrors Mi are also possible.
- the penultimate mirror M5 and the last mirror M6 each have a passage opening in the form of the above-mentioned hole 84 for the exposure radiation 116.
- the projection objective 110 is a doubly obscured optical system.
- the projection objective 110 has an image-side numerical aperture which is greater than 0.5 and which can also be greater than 0.6 and which can be 0.7 or 0.75, for example.
- Reflective surfaces of the mirrors Mi can be designed as free-form surfaces without a rotational axis of symmetry.
- the reflection surfaces can at least at least some of the mirrors Mi can be designed as aspherical surfaces with exactly one rotational axis of symmetry of the reflection surface shape.
- the mirrors Mi can have highly reflective coatings for the exposure radiation 116. These coatings can be designed as multilayer coatings, in particular with alternating layers of molybdenum and silicon.
- the projection lens 110 has a large object-image offset in the y-direction between a y-coordinate of a center of the object field 105 and a y-coordinate of the center of the image field 111.
- This object-image offset in the y-direction can be something like this be as large as a z-distance between the object plane 106 and the image plane 112.
- the projection lens 110 can in particular be anamorphic. In particular, it has different image scales ⁇ x, ⁇ y in the x and y directions.
- a positive image scale ß means an image without image reversal.
- a negative sign for the imaging scale ß means imaging with image reversal.
- the projection objective 110 thus leads to a reduction in the ratio of 4:1 in the x-direction, that is to say in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction.
- the projection lens 110 results in a reduction of 8:1 in the y-direction, ie in the scanning direction.
- Other imaging scales are also possible. Image scales with the same sign and absolutely the same in the x and y directions, for example with absolute values of 0.125 or 0.25, are also possible.
- the number of intermediate image planes in the x and y directions in the useful beam path between the object field 105 and the image field 111 can be the same or, depending on the design of the projection lens 110, can be different. Examples of projection lenses with different numbers of such intermediate images in the x and y directions are known from US 2018/0074303 A1.
- one of the pupil facets 123 is assigned to precisely one of the field facets 121 in order to form a respective illumination channel for illuminating the object field 105 . In this way, in particular, lighting can result according to Köhler's principle.
- the far field is broken down into a large number of object fields 105 with the aid of the field facets 121 .
- the field facets 121 generate a plurality of images of the intermediate focus on the pupil facets 123 assigned to them.
- the field facets 121 are each imaged onto the reticle 107 by an assigned pupil facet 123 in a superimposed manner in order to illuminate the object field 105 .
- the illumination of the object field 105 is as homogeneous as possible. It preferably has a uniformity error of less than 2%. Field uniformity can be achieved by superimposing different lighting channels.
- the illumination of the entrance pupil of the projection objective 110 can be geometrically defined by an arrangement of the pupil facets.
- the intensity distribution in the entrance pupil of the projection lens 110 can be set by selecting the illumination channels, in particular the subset of the pupil facets that guide light. This intensity distribution is also referred to as the illumination setting.
- a likewise preferred pupil uniformity in the area of defined illuminated sections of an illumination pupil of the illumination optics 104 can be achieved by redistributing the illumination channels.
- the projection objective 110 can, in particular, have a homocentric entrance pupil. This can be accessible. It can also be inaccessible.
- the entrance pupil of the projection lens 110 cannot regularly be illuminated exactly with the pupil facet mirror 122 .
- the aperture rays often do not intersect at a single point.
- a surface can be found in which the distance between the aperture rays, which is determined in pairs, is minimal. This surface represents the entrance pupil or a surface conjugate to it in position space. In particular, this surface shows a finite curvature.
- the projection objective 110 has different positions of the entrance pupil for the tangential and for the sagittal beam path.
- an imaging element in particular an optical component of the transmission optics, should be provided between the second facet mirror 122 and the reticle 107 . With the help of this optical element, the different position of the tangential entrance pupil and the sagittal entrance pupil can be taken into account.
- the pupil facet mirror 122 is arranged in a surface conjugate to the entrance pupil of the projection objective 110 .
- the field facet mirror 120 is arranged tilted to the object plane 105 .
- the first facet mirror 120 is tilted relative to an arrangement plane that is defined by the deflection mirror 119 .
- the first facet mirror 120 is arranged tilted to an arrangement plane that is defined by the second facet mirror 122 .
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280024720.4A CN117063041A (zh) | 2021-03-25 | 2022-03-18 | 用于通过干涉测量法测量表面形状的测量装置 |
| US18/473,544 US12618664B2 (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2023-09-25 | Measuring device for interferometrically measuring a surface form |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021202911.6A DE102021202911A1 (de) | 2021-03-25 | 2021-03-25 | Messvorrichtung zum interferometrischen Vermessen einer Oberflächenform |
| DE102021202911.6 | 2021-03-25 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| US18/473,544 Continuation US12618664B2 (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2023-09-25 | Measuring device for interferometrically measuring a surface form |
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| WO2022200210A1 true WO2022200210A1 (de) | 2022-09-29 |
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| CN (1) | CN117063041A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021202911A1 (de) |
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| DE102023201790A1 (de) * | 2023-02-28 | 2024-08-29 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Verfahren zur interferometrischen Bestimmung der Oberflächenform eines Prüflings |
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| US20010028462A1 (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 2001-10-11 | Nikon Corporation | Interferometer system and method of manufacturing projection optical system using same |
| US6573978B1 (en) | 1999-01-26 | 2003-06-03 | Mcguire, Jr. James P. | EUV condenser with non-imaging optics |
| US20060132747A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 | 2006-06-22 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Optical element for an illumination system |
| DE102008009600A1 (de) | 2008-02-15 | 2009-08-20 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Facettenspiegel zum Einsatz in einer Projektionsbelichtungsanlage für die Mikro-Lithographie |
| DE102015209490A1 (de) | 2015-05-22 | 2016-11-24 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Interferometrische Messanordnung |
| US20180074303A1 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2018-03-15 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Imaging optical unit and projection exposure unit including same |
| DE102017216401A1 (de) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-10-11 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Computer-generiertes Hologramm (CGH), sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| DE102019204096A1 (de) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Messverfahren zur interferometrischen Bestimmung einer Oberflächenform |
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| US6771375B2 (en) | 2001-06-20 | 2004-08-03 | Zygo Corporation | Apparatus and method for measuring aspherical optical surfaces and wavefronts |
| US7880897B2 (en) | 2007-12-28 | 2011-02-01 | Fujinon Corporation | Light wave interferometer apparatus |
| DE102012217800A1 (de) | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-03 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Diffraktives optisches Element sowie Messverfahren |
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2021
- 2021-03-25 DE DE102021202911.6A patent/DE102021202911A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2022
- 2022-03-18 WO PCT/EP2022/057158 patent/WO2022200210A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-03-18 CN CN202280024720.4A patent/CN117063041A/zh active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20010028462A1 (en) * | 1998-09-22 | 2001-10-11 | Nikon Corporation | Interferometer system and method of manufacturing projection optical system using same |
| US6573978B1 (en) | 1999-01-26 | 2003-06-03 | Mcguire, Jr. James P. | EUV condenser with non-imaging optics |
| US20060132747A1 (en) | 2003-04-17 | 2006-06-22 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Optical element for an illumination system |
| EP1614008B1 (de) | 2003-04-17 | 2009-12-02 | Carl Zeiss SMT AG | Optisches element für ein beleuchtungssystem |
| DE102008009600A1 (de) | 2008-02-15 | 2009-08-20 | Carl Zeiss Smt Ag | Facettenspiegel zum Einsatz in einer Projektionsbelichtungsanlage für die Mikro-Lithographie |
| US20180074303A1 (en) | 2015-04-14 | 2018-03-15 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Imaging optical unit and projection exposure unit including same |
| DE102015209490A1 (de) | 2015-05-22 | 2016-11-24 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Interferometrische Messanordnung |
| DE102017216401A1 (de) * | 2017-09-15 | 2018-10-11 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Computer-generiertes Hologramm (CGH), sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| DE102019204096A1 (de) * | 2019-03-26 | 2020-10-01 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Messverfahren zur interferometrischen Bestimmung einer Oberflächenform |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102021202911A1 (de) | 2022-09-29 |
| US20240011768A1 (en) | 2024-01-11 |
| CN117063041A (zh) | 2023-11-14 |
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