WO2022193147A1 - 一种抑制大型浮式海洋结构物大幅振动的摆荡装置 - Google Patents

一种抑制大型浮式海洋结构物大幅振动的摆荡装置 Download PDF

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WO2022193147A1
WO2022193147A1 PCT/CN2021/081152 CN2021081152W WO2022193147A1 WO 2022193147 A1 WO2022193147 A1 WO 2022193147A1 CN 2021081152 W CN2021081152 W CN 2021081152W WO 2022193147 A1 WO2022193147 A1 WO 2022193147A1
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vibration
suppressing
floating marine
steel pipe
rigid frame
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PCT/CN2021/081152
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English (en)
French (fr)
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许福友
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大连理工大学
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/081152 priority Critical patent/WO2022193147A1/zh
Publication of WO2022193147A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022193147A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B39/00Equipment to decrease pitch, roll, or like unwanted vessel movements; Apparatus for indicating vessel attitude

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of vibration control research of large floating marine structures (such as marine platforms, wind turbines, storage and transportation platforms, etc.), and relates to a swing device for suppressing the large vibration of large floating marine structures.
  • Large floating offshore structures are usually flexible and complex structural systems. Under the independent or coupled action of wind, wave, flow and other dynamic loads, these structures may produce large vibration responses in different degrees of freedom, such as vertical, horizontal, torsion, and sway, and have strong randomness, which is not conducive to the comfort of the staff. performance, even safety and normal service of the structure are adversely affected. Under extreme conditions, it may cause structural failure and casualties, cause huge economic losses and serious social impacts, and may cause irreparable harm to the ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to take reliable and effective measures to avoid large-scale vibration of large floating marine structures and ensure their safety in service.
  • the heave plate damper device has been widely used in the vertical vibration control of floating structures such as offshore platforms, that is, installing rigid columns and rigid plates under the floating structure.
  • the heave plate uses the huge additional inertial force and additional damping force provided by the water body opposite to the vibration direction to do negative work, consume energy, and achieve the purpose of suppressing the vibration of the structure.
  • the size of the heave plate should be as large as possible, and in order to ensure that the heave plate has sufficient rigidity, it is necessary to increase the plate thickness or set up a stiffener or truss system, which will undoubtedly increase the size of the heave plate. Material costs, greatly increasing the project cost;
  • the heave plate is generally made of lightweight rigid anti-rust metal materials. Due to the large area and mass, the material, construction, disassembly and maintenance costs are high;
  • the rigid column connector (generally made of metal components) requires sufficient strength and rigidity and length, so the cost is high;
  • the heave plate has a good effect on vertical vibration control, but has no obvious effect on other degrees of freedom vibration control.
  • the present invention proposes a new type of flexible swaying device for controlling the large-scale vibration of large floating offshore structures, which has advantages and characteristics compared with traditional rigid heave plate devices.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to meet the needs of vibration control of large floating marine structures, and propose a flexible swinging device suspended below the structure and composed of steel pipe beams, slings, cables and impermeable cloth.
  • a flexible swinging device suspended below the structure and composed of steel pipe beams, slings, cables and impermeable cloth.
  • the device's gravity, water resistance, and water sloshing in the water tank do negative work to the structure, consume its vibration energy, and suppress its large vibration.
  • An oscillating device for suppressing the large vibration of a large floating marine structure comprising steel pipe beams 1; vertical and horizontal ropes 2; cloth 3; lifting rings 4; slings 5; ” shape or even chessboard-type rigid frame, with sufficient volume, strength and rigidity, the larger the plane size of the rigid frame, the more the number of horizontal and vertical steel pipes inside the rigid frame; the shape of the steel pipe section is not limited, generally a rectangular section is used for easy installation and connection.
  • the size needs to be determined by design calculation; the steel pipe 1 is filled with stones (or high-density and cheap materials such as sand and iron filings) and water of different qualities, so as to adjust the quality and energy consumption parameters of the system; several vertical and horizontal parameters are arranged on the rigid frame
  • the rope 2 forms a similar "steel wire bed"; the impermeable high-strength fabric 3 is laid on the rigid frame and the vertical and horizontal ropes 2, and is connected with them to form an integral flexible mesh; it is installed on the steel pipe beam 1 and the designated position at the bottom of the structure
  • the lifting ring 4 is fixed; the upper and lower ends of the sling 5 are provided with buckles 6, which are respectively convenient to be connected with the upper and lower lifting rings 4; thus, the swing device is suspended at the lower part of the structure.
  • the oscillating device of the present invention is not rigidly connected to the controlled structure, but resembles a large mass sway. Obviously, this is more conducive to controlling the vibration of other multi-degree-of-freedom structures, which is more advantageous than the traditional rigid heave plate.
  • the reasons are as follows: the connection between the device and the controlled structure is flexible, and the horizontal and torsional movements are not completely synchronized with the structure, which can play a role in energy dissipation; the steel pipe is filled with stones (sand, iron filings, etc.) and water, which is not completely synchronized with the steel pipe Movement also acts as a damper.
  • the vertical distance between the device and the bottom of the structure is basically unlimited. A larger distance can reduce interference, ensure greater water resistance under the same conditions, and improve control efficiency; while the traditional rigid heave plate cannot be far from the bottom of the structure due to the stiffness of the connector. The distance is too large, otherwise the cost will be greatly increased, so the control efficiency will be inevitably reduced;
  • the plane size of the device which can be selected according to the actual vibration characteristics and control objectives; according to the needs of vibration control, the upper and lower layers of rigid frame rope fabric can be set up, which greatly improves the control efficiency; due to the use of high-strength slings for connection, the spacing between layers is basically Unrestricted, it has advantages over traditional rigid heave plate devices.
  • Various motions can be controlled more efficiently by optimizing parameters such as the length, spacing, swing net size, number of device layers, size, length, quantity of steel pipe 1, and quality of other materials filled in the sling 5;
  • Said steel tube beam 1 has sufficient height and cross-sectional area, thereby: on the one hand, its flexural rigidity can be ensured, and on the other hand, it has enough space to be filled with water and other inexpensive materials with high density. According to meteorological forecasts such as wind, waves and currents, when extreme sea conditions may cause a large amplitude, the water filling quality of the steel pipe can be temporarily and appropriately increased, which is more conducive to improving energy consumption; after the disaster, the original state can be restored.
  • the steel pipe beam 1 can also be replaced by a solid or hollow reinforced concrete beam or other high-strength and cheap materials, and a better solution can be obtained through calculation and analysis.
  • the vertical and horizontal ropes 2 are mainly used to support the high-strength fabric 3, and metal ropes (nets) or high-strength nylon ropes (nets) can be used;
  • the high-strength fabric 3 has good corrosion resistance, can be canvas, and has the advantages of light weight, high strength, low price, good durability, etc.;
  • the lifting rings 4 can be arranged in a chessboard arrangement, with at least 3 horizontal and vertical numbers respectively, which can reduce the large concentrated force generated by the suspension points on the structure and reduce the bending moment and deformation of the steel pipe beam 1; it should not be too much, otherwise it will work.
  • the quantity is large, and more slings 5 are needed, which increases the cost;
  • the sling 5 should have sufficient strength and rigidity, and a finished cable can be used; the length of the sling 5 can be adjusted by connecting with other slings with buckles at both ends, so that the swing frequency of the device can be adjusted. To achieve the purpose of improving vibration control. Compared with the traditional rigid heave plate and the rigid connection between the offshore platform, the size is smaller, and it can better exert its advantages of light weight and high strength, so the cost is lower;
  • the buckle 6 is convenient to control opening and closing, easy to install and disassemble, and to ensure sufficient strength and rigidity.
  • the present invention is simple in structure, easy to adjust parameters, controls various vibrations, has wide application, is practical and economical, and has excellent comprehensive performance.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a swing device for suppressing the large vibration of a floating marine structure.
  • a swing device for suppressing the large vibration of a large floating marine structure includes a steel pipe beam 1; a vertical and horizontal rope 2; a cloth 3; a lifting ring 4;
  • the rigid frame of the design shape is formed to ensure that it has sufficient volume, strength and rigidity; according to the design requirements, chessboard-type vertical and horizontal ropes 2 are arranged on the above-mentioned rigid frame; It is connected with them to form a rigid frame mesh device, which is lighter in weight than the traditional rigid heave plate, allows greater deformation, and lowers material costs and installation costs; fixed lifting rings 4 are installed at designated positions on the steel pipe beam 1 and the structure; The swinging device is suspended at the lower part of the structure by the sling 5.
  • the tensile capacity of the high-strength material can be fully exerted, and the material cost and installation cost are lower; the upper and lower ends of the sling 5 are provided with The buckles 6 are respectively convenient to connect and disassemble with the upper and lower lifting rings 4, which reduces the construction and installation cost; because the flexible suspension replaces the rigid consolidation, the swing replaces the heave, which is more favorable for controlling multi-degree-of-freedom vibration; moreover, the flexible suspension method is relatively rigid.
  • the consolidation method makes it easier to set up and down multi-layer rigid frame mesh distribution control devices to improve control efficiency; the steel pipe 1 can be filled with water to improve system vibration damping and control efficiency.
  • the parameters such as the weight of the filler in the steel pipe 1 and the length of the sling 5 are easy to adjust to adapt to the vibration frequency of the controlled structure, improve the control efficiency, have better adaptability, and have a wider range of applications.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于浮式海洋结构物振动控制研究技术领域,提供了一种抑制大型浮式海洋结构物大幅振动的摆荡装置,将柔性、轻质、高强布料铺敷连接在由纵横绳索和钢管梁构成的大面积框架上,利用多根具有足够抗拉刚度的高强绳索将单层或多层框悬吊在海洋结构物下方指定的若干位置。浮式结构带动该装置在水中振动时,该装置的重力及水体产生巨大的附加惯性力和附加阻尼力做负功,消耗结构振动能量,从而抑制其大幅振动。装置与结构之间柔性连接,可对多方向振动起抑制作用,尤其竖向效果最优。摆荡装置自重及绳索长度方便调整,利于不同振幅控制。本发明构造简单、参数易调、控制多种振动、应用广泛、实用经济、综合性能优越。

Description

一种抑制大型浮式海洋结构物大幅振动的摆荡装置
本发明属于大型浮式海洋结构(如海洋平台、风力机、储运平台等)振动控制研究技术领域,涉及一种抑制大型浮式海洋结构物大幅振动的摆荡装置。
背景技术
大型浮式海洋结构(如海洋平台、风力机、储运平台等)通常是柔性复杂结构体系。这些结构在风、浪、流等动荷载的单独或耦合作用下,可能产生竖向、水平、扭转、摇摆等不同自由度方向大幅振动响应,且具有很强的随机性,这对工作人员舒适性、甚至安全性及结构正常服役都造成不利影响。极端条件下可能造成结构失效和人员伤亡,造成巨大的经济损失和严重的社会影响,并且可能对生态环境造成不可修复的危害。因此,需要采取可靠有效措施,避免大型浮式海洋结构物发生大幅振动,确保其服役安全。
垂荡板阻尼器装置已广泛应用于海洋平台等浮体结构物的竖向振动控制,即在浮体结构物下方安装刚性立柱及刚性平板。随结构物上下振动时,垂荡板借助水体提供的巨大的、与振动方向相反的附加惯性力和附加阻尼力做负功,消耗能量,达到抑制结构物振动的目的。
然而,传统刚性垂荡板装置存在一些明显不足:
(1)为了保证水体能够提供足够大的阻力,垂荡板的尺寸应尽量大,而为保证垂荡板具有足够的刚度,需要增大板厚或者设置加劲肋或桁架体系,这无疑会增加材料费用,大幅增加工程造价;
(2)垂荡板为了保证具有足够的刚度,一般采用轻质刚性防锈金属材料制作,由于面积和质量很大,因此材料、建造、拆卸及维护费很高;
(3)垂荡板由于面积较大,因此与结构物之间需要具有尽可能大的距离才能保证提供更大的阻力,刚性立柱连接件(一般都采用金属构件)要求具有足够的强度、刚度和长度,因此造价高昂;
(4)如果设置上下多层垂荡板,为保证每层垂荡板控制效率,垂荡板间距不宜过小,较大的间距无疑会增加连接件的尺寸及相关费用;
(5)垂荡板与结构物之间是刚性连接,随结构物做刚性运动,内部构件之间没有相对运动,因此机械阻尼很低,不利于能量消耗和振动控制;
(6)垂荡板对竖向振动控制效果较好,对其他自由度振动控制效果不明显。
针对以上不足,本发明提出一种控制大型浮式海上结构物大幅振动的新型柔性摇摆装置,该装置相对传统刚性垂荡板装置具有其优势和特色。
技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对大型浮式海洋结构物振动控制的需要,提出一种悬挂在结构下方,由钢管梁、吊索、缆绳和不透水布料构成的柔性摆荡装置。由风、浪、流等造成浮式海洋结构振动时,会带动该装置在水中运动,该装置重力、水阻力、水箱内水晃动对结构做负功,消耗其振动能量,抑制其大幅振动。
技术解决方案
本发明的技术方案:
一种抑制大型浮式海洋结构大幅振动的摆荡装置,包括钢管梁1;纵横绳索2;布料3;吊环4;吊索5;卡扣6;所述的钢管梁1构成“田”、“囬”字形、甚至棋盘式刚架,具有足够的体量、强度及刚度,刚架平面尺寸越大,刚架内部横纵钢管数量越多;钢管断面形状不限,一般采用矩形断面方便安装与连接,尺寸需经设计计算确定;钢管1内通过填装不同质量的石子(或砂子、铁屑等高密度廉价材料)和水,以便调整系统的质量和耗能参数;在刚架上布置若干纵横绳索2,形成一个类似“钢丝床板”;密不透水的高强布料3铺设在刚架和纵横绳索2,并与它们相连,形成整体柔性网布;在钢管梁1上面和结构物底部指定位置安装固定吊环4;吊索5上下两端均设有卡扣6,分别便于与上下吊环4相连;由此将摆荡装置悬挂在结构物下部。
大型浮式结构不仅会发生竖向垂荡振动,还会发生横摆、纵摇、甚至扭转振动。本发明的摆荡装置与受控结构之间不是刚性连接,而是类似一个大质量摇摆。显然,这更有利于控制结构其他多自由度的振动,相对传统刚性垂荡板更有优势。原因如下:装置与受控结构之间属于柔性连接,水平和扭转运动与结构不完全同步,可以起到耗能作用;钢管内装有石子(砂子、铁屑等)和水,与钢管不完全同步运动,也起到阻尼器作用。
装置距离结构底部竖向距离基本不受限制,较大的距离能够减少干扰、保证相同条件产生更大的水阻力,提升控制效率;而传统刚性垂荡板由于连接件刚度原因,不能距离结构底部距离太大,否则会大幅提高造价,因此会不可避免地降低控制效率;
装置平面尺寸不限,可根据实际振动特性和控制目标自行选择;也可根据振动控制需要,设置上下多层刚架绳索布料,大幅提高控制效率;由于采用高强吊索连接,因此各层间距基本不受限制,相对传统刚性垂荡板装置更有优势。
可以通过优化吊索5的长度、间距、摆荡网尺寸、装置层数、钢管1的尺寸、长度、数量、内填其他材料的质量等参数来更高效地控制多种运动;
所述的钢管梁1具有足够的高度和横截面积,由此可以:一方面保证其抗弯刚度,另一方面有足够空间填充水和其他密度较大的廉价材料。可根据风、浪、流等气象预测,当可能遇到极端海况造成振幅很大时,可以临时适当增加钢管充水质量,更有利于提高耗能;灾情过后,恢复原有状态。
所述的钢管梁1也可以采用实心或空心钢筋混凝土梁或其他高强廉价材料来替代,可以通过计算分析,获得较优方案。
所述的纵横绳索2主要用于支撑高强布料3,可采用金属绳索(网)或者高强尼龙绳(网);
所述的高强布料3有较好的耐腐蚀性,可以采用帆布,具有质量轻、强度高、价格低、耐久性好等优点;
所述的吊环4可采用棋盘式布置方式,横纵数量分别至少3个,减小悬挂点对结构物产生较大的集中力,降低钢管梁1弯矩和变形;也不宜过多,否则工作量较大,且需要更多的吊索5,增加造价;
所述的吊索5应具有足够的强度和刚度,可采用成品拉索;吊索5长度可以通过与其他两端带卡扣的吊索接长来调整,由此可以调整装置的摆荡频率,达到提高振动控制的目的。相对传统刚性垂荡板与海洋平台间的刚性连接件尺寸更小,且更能发挥其轻质高强优越性,因此造价更低;
所述的卡扣6便于控制开合,方便安装拆卸,保证有足够的强度和刚度。
有益效果
本发明的有益效果:本发明构造简单、参数易调、控制多种振动、应用广泛、实用经济、综合性能优越。
附图说明
图1是一种抑制浮式海洋结构大幅振动的摆荡装置构造图。
图中:1钢管梁;2纵横绳索;3布料;4吊环;5吊索;6卡扣。
本发明的实施方式
以下结合技术方案和附图,详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的实施方式不限于此:
如图1所示,一种抑制大型浮式海洋结构大幅振动的摆荡装置,包括钢管梁1;纵横绳索2;布料3;吊环4;吊索5;卡扣6;由所述的钢管梁1构成设计形状的刚架,保证其具有足够的体量、强度及刚度;根据设计要求,在上述刚架上布置棋盘式纵横绳索2;将高强布料3铺设在刚架和纵横绳索2上,并与它们相连,形成刚架网布装置,相比传统刚性垂荡板质量更轻,容许变形更大,材料费用和安装费用更低;在钢管梁1和结构物上指定位置安装固定吊环4;通过吊索5将摆荡装置悬挂在结构物下部,由于采用高强柔性绳索取代传统刚性柱,因此可以充分发挥高强材料抗拉能力,材料费用和安装费用更低;吊索5上下两端均设有卡扣6,分别便于与上下吊环4相连和拆卸,降低建安费用;由于采用柔性悬挂取代刚性固结,摆荡取代了垂荡,这对控制多自由度振动更有利;而且,柔性悬挂方式相对刚性固结方式,更便于设置上下多层刚架网布施控装置,提高控制效率;钢管1内可充水,用于提高系统振动阻尼和控制效率。钢管1内填料重量、吊索5长度等参数便于调整,以适应受控结构的振动频率,提高控制效率,自适应性更好,应用范围更广。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施事例而已,并非对本发明做任何形式上的限定。凡本领域的技术人员利用本发明的技术方案对上述实例做出的任何等同的变动、修饰或演变等,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种抑制大型浮式海洋结构物大幅振动的摆荡装置,其特征在于,该抑制大型浮式海洋结构物大幅振动的摆荡装置包括钢管梁(1)、纵横绳索(2)、布料(3)、吊环(4)、吊索(5)和卡扣(6);钢管梁(1)按要求设计成刚架;在上述刚架上布置棋盘式纵横绳索(2),高强布料(3)铺设在刚架和纵横绳索(2)上面上,并与它们相连,形成整体刚架网布;在钢管梁(1)和结构物指定位置安装固定吊环(4);通过长度可调的吊索(5)将刚架网布柔性悬挂在结构物下方构成摆荡装置;吊索(5)上下两端均设有卡扣(6),分别与吊环(4)相连,便于摆荡装置的拆装。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的抑制大型浮式海洋结构物大幅振动的摆荡装置,其特征在于,钢管梁(1)内充水,重量可调,提高阻尼和控制效率。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的抑制大型浮式海洋结构物大幅振动的摆荡装置,其特征在于,钢管梁(1)采用实心或空心钢筋混凝土梁替代。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的抑制大型浮式海洋结构物大幅振动的摆荡装置,其特征在于,通过设置间距不限的上下多层用吊索(5)相连的刚架网布,提高控制效率。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的抑制大型浮式海洋结构物大幅振动的摆荡装置,其特征在于,通过设置间距不限的上下多层用吊索(5)相连的刚架网布,提高控制效率。
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