WO2022188177A1 - 分选装置及具有其的燃烧炉 - Google Patents

分选装置及具有其的燃烧炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022188177A1
WO2022188177A1 PCT/CN2021/080593 CN2021080593W WO2022188177A1 WO 2022188177 A1 WO2022188177 A1 WO 2022188177A1 CN 2021080593 W CN2021080593 W CN 2021080593W WO 2022188177 A1 WO2022188177 A1 WO 2022188177A1
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Prior art keywords
sorting
outlet
sorting device
inclined section
combustion
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PCT/CN2021/080593
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
车战斌
Original Assignee
方甡
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/080593 priority Critical patent/WO2022188177A1/zh
Publication of WO2022188177A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022188177A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B03B5/36—Devices therefor, other than using centrifugal force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B03B5/36—Devices therefor, other than using centrifugal force
    • B03B5/40—Devices therefor, other than using centrifugal force of trough type

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of screening equipment, and in particular, to a sorting device and a combustion furnace having the same.
  • Material sorting process is required in the industrial production process to obtain different screening objects.
  • material sorting technology is required in the field of biomass and solid waste treatment and power generation, as well as coal mining and processing.
  • vibrating screens are usually used for material sorting and screening.
  • the existing vibrating screen needs to be equipped with an external vibration source to apply vibration force to the material to make the material move, and then cooperate with screens with different apertures to screen the material.
  • This kind of vibrating screen consumes a lot of energy due to the external vibration source, which leads to high screening costs, and is prone to failure or damage due to the device being in a vibrating state for a long time, resulting in insufficient reliability.
  • the embodiments of the present application provide a sorting device and a combustion furnace having the same, so as to at least partially solve the above problems.
  • a sorting device which includes: a sorting box, where the sorting box is used for accommodating a sorting liquid, so that the materials can be buoyantly sorted by the sorting liquid, so as to form a distribution in the At least two layers of screening objects with different heights of the separation liquid, at least two outlets are arranged on the side wall of the separation box; scraper mechanism, the scraper mechanism includes a drive assembly and a scraper connected to the drive assembly, and the drive assembly is arranged in the separation.
  • the selection box it is used to drive the scraper to move back and forth, and the scraper is used to push the screened objects to the exit corresponding to the height of the screened objects.
  • the sorting box includes a sorting box main body, a first inclined section and a second inclined section, the lower end of the first inclined section is connected with the first end of the sorting box main body, and the lower end of the second inclined section is connected with the sorting box.
  • the second end of the main body is connected, and at least two outlets are provided on the first inclined section and/or the second inclined section.
  • the at least two outlets include a first outlet arranged on the first inclined section and a second outlet arranged on the second inclined section
  • the scraper includes a first conveying portion and a second outlet arranged at intervals in the vertical direction.
  • Two conveying parts the first conveying part conveys the screened objects in the upper layer to the first outlet, and the second conveying part conveys the screened objects in the lower layer to the second outlet.
  • a baffle plate is provided in the first inclined section, and the screened objects conveyed by the first conveying part move upward along the baffle plate and enter the first outlet through the upper end of the baffle plate.
  • the second inclined section is also provided with a third outlet, the third outlet is located above the second outlet, and the screening material with the maximum particle size smaller than the set value in the screening material conveyed by the second conveying part is removed from the second outlet. Discharge, the sieves with the largest particle size greater than or equal to the set value in the sieves conveyed by the second conveying part are discharged from the third outlet.
  • the sorting device further includes a discharge mechanism, and the first end of the discharge mechanism is disposed below the third outlet to receive and transport the screening objects with a maximum particle size larger than the set value dropped from the third outlet.
  • the number of scrapers is multiple, and the scrapers are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the drive assembly.
  • the liquid level of the sorting liquid is higher than the upper surface of the main body of the sorting box.
  • a combustion furnace includes a furnace body and a sorting device, the furnace body has a discharge port, the sorting device is the above-mentioned sorting device, and the sorting device is communicated with the discharge port, To receive the combustion residue discharged from the discharge port, and screen the combustion residue.
  • the moving direction of the scraper mechanism of the sorting device on the horizontal plane is parallel to the length direction of the discharge port.
  • the sorting box is used to accommodate the sorting liquid, so as to sort the screening objects with different densities in the material, so that the screening objects with different densities in the material are at different heights of the sorting liquid, and then use the scraper
  • the plate mechanism conveys the screening materials of different heights to different outlets for discharge.
  • the sorting device has high sorting efficiency, low operating cost and good economy.
  • the sorting box is provided with at least two outlets, and the scraper mechanism includes a drive assembly and a scraper
  • the drive assembly is used to drive the scraper to move back and forth, and the scraper pushes the screened objects to move, so that a scraper mechanism can be passed through At least two layers of screening objects at different heights are transported to different outlets, so as to realize fast, convenient and reliable screening of materials, and output different available screening objects.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a sorting device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a sorting device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the structure of the scraper mechanism of the sorting device according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of the cooperation between the furnace body of the combustion furnace and the sorting device according to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the present application provides a sorting device, which includes a sorting box 91 and a scraper mechanism.
  • the sorting box 91 is used for accommodating the sorting liquid, so that the materials can be buoyantly sorted by the sorting liquid to form at least two layers of screening objects distributed at different heights of the sorting liquid.
  • Two outlets; the scraper mechanism includes a drive assembly 921 and a scraper 922 connected to the drive assembly 921, the drive assembly 921 is arranged in the sorting box 91, and is used to drive the scraper 922 to move back and forth, and the scraper 922 is used to push the screened objects Move to the exit corresponding to the height of the screen.
  • the sorting box 91 is used for accommodating the sorting liquid to sort the screening objects with different densities in the material, so that the screening objects with different densities in the material are at different heights of the sorting liquid, and then the scraper mechanism is used to screen the different heights.
  • the material is transported to different outlets for discharge.
  • the sorting device has high sorting efficiency, low operating cost and good economy.
  • the sorting box 91 is provided with at least two outlets, and the scraper mechanism includes a drive assembly 921 and a scraper 922
  • the drive assembly 921 is used to drive the scraper 922 to reciprocate, and the scraper 922 pushes the screened objects to move, thus achieving
  • the material can be screened quickly, conveniently and reliably, and different available screening objects can be output.
  • the sorting device not only realizes the sorting, but also can cool the material for the high-temperature material sorting liquid, so as to avoid excessive temperature and affect the performance of the sorting device.
  • the driving assembly 921 includes structures such as a belt, a motor, and a pulley for driving the scraper 922 .
  • the pulley is rotatably arranged on the first inclined section 912 and the second inclined section 913, the belt can be at least two, and is wound around the pulley, and the scraper 922 is connected between two adjacent belts, and along the belt A plurality of scrapers 922 are provided in the length direction of the .
  • At least one of the plurality of pulleys is connected to the motor as a driving pulley, and is driven by the motor to rotate, and drives the belt to rotate to move the scraper 922, thereby pushing the screening objects to move.
  • two screening objects of different heights can be conveyed simultaneously through one scraper mechanism, so that the conveying efficiency is high and the structure is relatively simple.
  • the drive assembly 921 includes a chain, a motor, a sprocket, and the like for driving the scraper 922 .
  • the sprocket is rotatably arranged on the first inclined section 912 and the second inclined section 913, the chain can be at least two, and is wound around the sprocket, and the scraper 922 is connected between two adjacent chains.
  • At least one of the plurality of sprockets can be connected to the motor as a driving wheel, and is driven by the motor to rotate, so as to drive the chain to move, so as to make the scraper 922 move.
  • the sorting box 91 in order to improve the efficiency of separating the screening objects of different densities, includes a sorting box main body 911, a first inclined section 912 and a second inclined section 913, and the lower end of the first inclined section 912 is connected to the The first end of the sorting box main body 911 is connected, the lower end of the second inclined section 913 is connected with the second end of the sorting box main body 911 , and at least two outlets are arranged on the first inclined section 912 and/or the second inclined section 913 .
  • sieves of different densities can be quickly discharged from different outlets, and only one set of scraper mechanisms 92 can be passed, thereby saving running costs and production costs.
  • the scraper mechanism can screen at least two kinds of screening objects with different densities during one rotation, which not only solves the problem of material screening, but also has high screening efficiency and can fully save energy and operating costs.
  • both the first inclined section 912 and the second inclined section 913 are inclined upward relative to the sorting box main body 911, and the outlet is arranged on the first inclined section 912 and/or the second inclined section 913, the height of the outlet is higher than that of the sorting box The liquid level height of the liquid, so that the screened objects can be driven to move upward by the driving assembly 921 so as to be separated from the sorting liquid and discharged from the corresponding outlet.
  • the liquid level of the sorting liquid is higher than the upper surface of the sorting box main body 911 .
  • the main body 911 of the sorting box is provided with a connecting pipe (the connecting pipe is used for conveying materials, taking the sorting device fitted into the combustion furnace as an example, the connecting pipe can be connected between the main body 911 of the sorting box and the discharge port of the combustion furnace). , so that the combustion residue is discharged into the opening of the main body of the sorting box 911), so the connection position of the connecting pipe and the main body of the sorting box 911 is on the upper surface of the sorting box 911, because the liquid level is higher than the main body of the sorting box.
  • the upper surface of 911 so that the liquid level of the sorting liquid is higher than the connection position of the sorting box 91 and the connecting pipe (the connecting pipe is used for conveying materials), so as to realize the liquid seal, and prevent the gas from entering the sorting box 91 through the outlet and then pass through the sorting
  • the box 91 enters the combustion furnace and destroys the negative pressure in the combustion furnace.
  • the main body 911 of the sorting box can be arranged horizontally, and can be made of steel or other alloy materials.
  • the first inclined section 912, the second inclined section 913 and the main body 911 of the sorting box may be processed separately and connected together, or may be processed by an integral molding process (such as casting).
  • Both the first inclined section 912 and the second inclined section 913 are cylinders, which may be cylinders, square cylinders, trapezoidal cylinders, and the like.
  • the opening of the cylinder is connected to the sorting box 911 .
  • At least two outlets on the sorting device can be arranged on the same side of the main body 911 of the sorting box (for example, both are arranged on the first inclined section 912 or both are arranged on the second inclined section 913), or can also be arranged on the separation box. Select different sides of the box main body 911 (eg, a part of the outlet is arranged on the first inclined section 912, and the other part of the outlet is arranged on the second inclined section 913).
  • the at least two outlets include a first outlet 914 arranged on the first inclined section 912 and a second outlet 915 arranged on the second inclined section 913
  • the scraper 922 includes a first conveying part and a second conveying part spaced apart in the vertical direction, the first conveying part conveys the screened objects located in the upper layer to the first outlet 914, and the second conveying part will be located in the lower layer of the screened objects delivered to the second outlet 915 .
  • scraper 922 there are multiple scrapers 922, at least part of the scraper 922 forms the first conveying part, and at least part of the scraper 922 forms the second conveying part.
  • the scrapers forming the first conveying part and the second conveying part can drive the screening objects to move by moving at a low speed.
  • the specific speed in the low-speed movement can be determined as required, for example, the low speed can be less than or equal to 0.1 m/s.
  • the screening material discharged from the first outlet 914 may be high-quality carbon, such as carbon with a calorific value greater than or equal to 7000 kcal.
  • This better quality carbon has more pores and a higher proportion of carbon, which makes it less dense and easier to float in the sorting liquid.
  • the screening material with a calorific value lower than 7000 kcal due to the lower carbon content and higher ash content, the density is higher and it is easier to sink to the bottom of the sorting liquid, thereby separating from the screening material with a higher heating value.
  • the first inclined section 912 is provided with a partition 93, and the first inclined section 912 is provided with a partition 93.
  • the screening material conveyed by the conveying part moves upward along the partition 93 and enters the first outlet 914 through the upper end of the partition 93 .
  • the partition plate 93 can form a support for the screened object under the screened object to ensure that the screened object can move upward along the partition plate 93 until it moves to the upper end of the partition plate 93 and is separated from the partition plate 93 to discharge the sorting box 91 from the first outlet 914 .
  • the inclined section of the separator 93 can also achieve the function of draining water, so that the water carried in the screening material can be separated.
  • the material and shape of the partition plate 93 can be determined as required, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • the process of conveying the lower layer of screened objects by the second conveying part is similar to the process of conveying the upper layer of screened objects by the first conveying part.
  • the lower layer of screened objects is supported by the second inclined section 913 and pushed along the second The inclined section 913 gradually moves upward until it moves to the second outlet 915 , from which it is discharged.
  • the scraper 922 includes baffles disposed on the driving assembly 921 , the number of baffles is multiple, and the baffles are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the driving assembly 921 .
  • the aforementioned at least two outlets may also include a third outlet 916
  • the second inclined section 913 is also provided with the third outlet 916
  • the third outlet 916 is located above the second outlet 915
  • the second conveying part conveys the screened objects
  • the set value can be determined as required, for example, the set value is the maximum particle size of the ash.
  • the screened material with the maximum particle size discharged from the second outlet 915 is less than the set value is carbon-based fertilizer, and/or the screened material with the maximum particle size discharged from the third outlet 916 is greater than or equal to the set value.
  • the calorific value is greater than or equal to 4000 kcal and less than 7000 kcal. In this way, carbon-based fertilizers and the like can be directly discharged from the second outlet 915 and transported to the subsequent process for processing or use, and the sorted carbon with a calorific value of less than 7000 kcal and greater than or equal to 4000 kcal can be collected and subsequently processed to prevent ready for use.
  • the sorting device further includes a discharge mechanism 94, and the first end of the discharge mechanism 94 It is arranged at the lower end of the third outlet 916 to receive and transport the sieves whose maximum particle size is larger than the set value dropped from the third outlet 916 .
  • the discharge structure can be conveying row, conveyor belt, conveying box, etc., which is not limited.
  • the sorting device in this embodiment can screen combustion residues by using a scraper mechanism with lower power, which saves operating costs, while the existing vibrating screen needs an additional vibration generating mechanism to apply huge external vibration to the vibrating screen force, resulting in high operating costs, and can reduce manufacturing costs.
  • the sorting liquid can flow downward, so that the screening material discharged from the first outlet is more dry.
  • the screening material is moved upward from the bottom plate of the second inclined section during the process It is also possible to reduce the moisture of the screening material.
  • buoyancy sorting is adopted, and since the sorting liquid provides buoyancy to the screening objects, the power required for conveying the screening objects can be reduced, thereby reducing energy consumption.
  • a combustion furnace includes a furnace body and a sorting device, the furnace body has a discharge port, the sorting device is the above-mentioned sorting device, and the sorting device is communicated with the discharge port, To receive the combustion residue discharged from the discharge port, and screen the combustion residue.
  • the sorting device is applied to the combustion furnace for sorting the combustion residues of the combustion furnace.
  • the sorting device is especially suitable for the combustion furnace that can satisfy the temperature field flow, because the combustion residue quality of the combustion furnace meeting the temperature field flow is controllable.
  • the burning residue can be screened by the sorting device, so as to obtain the burning residual charcoal, charcoal-based fertilizer, etc.
  • the combustion furnace that satisfies the temperature field process refers to: the spatial distribution of the different temperature regions in the furnace chamber of the combustion furnace meets the temperature conditions required by the different combustion stages of the solid fuel, and the different temperature regions are generated by the solid fuel in the furnace chamber during the combustion process. formed in.
  • Such burners are capable of burning solid fuels in them without coking.
  • the quality of carbon in the combustion residue can be controlled by controlling how long the solid fuel stays in the furnace.
  • the combustion furnace can directly classify combustion residues through a sorting device, thereby obtaining different screening materials, which has good economic benefits, and can fully avoid energy waste and reduce the processing cost of combustion residues.
  • the combustion furnace includes a furnace body, the top wall of the furnace body is provided with a feeding port, the upper part of the air inlet side wall of the furnace body is provided with an air inlet 41, and the air outlet side wall corresponding to the air inlet side wall is provided There is an air outlet and a material outlet on it.
  • a material distribution structure is arranged in the furnace body, and a discharge pusher 46 is arranged below the material distribution structure. The combustion residue can be discharged from the discharge port through the discharge pusher 46, so that it enters the sorting device for sorting.
  • a heat storage device is also arranged in the furnace body for processing the gas generated by the solid fuel, thereby reducing the processing cost of the gas.
  • the space in the furnace body for the combustion of solid fuel can be called the furnace chamber.
  • the combustion furnace can satisfy the full combustion of the solid fuel (it should be noted that the full combustion mentioned in this embodiment does not refer to the solid fuel.
  • the carbon in the combustion furnace is all burned, but it refers to the temperature field process that enables the fixed carbon in the solid fuel to burn without causing the solid fuel to coke due to overburning).
  • the spatial distribution of different temperature regions in the furnace satisfies the temperature conditions required for different combustion stages of the solid fuel, and the different temperature regions are formed by the solid fuel in the furnace during the combustion process.
  • the material distribution structure includes at least a first arm group 10 , and the first included angle between the first arm group 10 and the horizontal plane is smaller than the stacking slope formed by the solid fuel stacked on the first arm group 10 .
  • the first arm set 10 is used to form a first inclined plane, and a first material passing gap is set on the first arm set 10, so that the solid fuel with a maximum particle size smaller than the first feeding gap can pass through the first arm set 10 and dropped.
  • the material distribution structure may further include a second arm group, a third arm group, etc.
  • the second arm group and the third arm group may be selectively set or not set according to the volume of the furnace, and the comparison is not limited.
  • the furnace body is divided into multiple areas by the material distribution structure.
  • the solid fuel above 10 in the first arm group mainly absorbs heat, evaporates water, and cracks volatile matter, which may be accompanied by a small amount of combustion.
  • the area above the arm group 10 can be called the cracking area;
  • the solid fuel between the first arm group 10 and the second arm group mainly burns fixed carbon and releases heat (the released heat can be supplied to the solid fuel in the cracking area Absorption, the excess heat can be used to drive boilers or steam turbines, etc.), may be accompanied by a small amount of volatile pyrolysis, so this area can be called a fixed carbon combustion area;
  • the area between the second arm group and the discharge pusher 46 Medium solid fuel is mainly used for anoxic combustion, so this area can be called anoxic combustion area.
  • the third arm group can divide the anoxic combustion area into two parts. one or more sub-regions.
  • the operation process of the combustion furnace can be divided into several stages of filling, ignition and operation.
  • the solid fuel enters from the feeding port, and gradually falls and accumulates to form a fuel pile.
  • the fuel pile naturally forms a stacking slope ⁇ .
  • the solid fuel since the solid fuel has not yet been burned, the solid fuel piled up everywhere in the furnace body is piled up.
  • the slope ⁇ is similar.
  • the ignition stage close the air inlet 41, open the induced draft fan connected to the air outlet (the induced draft fan is connected to the air outlet through the channel), and put the ignition material at the feed inlet.
  • the furnace body is negative under the action of the induced draft fan.
  • the air flow enters from the feed port, so that the solid fuel is ignited by the pilot, and the solid fuel is ignited for a period of time (the time can be determined in an appropriate manner according to needs) and then enters the operation stage.
  • the discharge pusher 46 is used to push the solid fuel to move toward the discharge port, wherein the movement direction of the discharge pusher 46 is the direction away from the air inlet 41 .
  • the fuel stack in the furnace body is continuously collapsed, and the discharge pusher 46 continuously drives the combustion residue to move toward the furnace body.
  • the solid fuel of the furnace can be continuously dropped downwards to realize the replenishment of new solid fuel into the furnace body.
  • the amount of solid fuel in the furnace is sufficient and the solid fuel in the burning state is sufficient, it can provide enough heat to dry the newly entered solid fuel and meet the heat absorption required for the combustion of the newly entered solid fuel, thus ensuring the The adaptability to solid fuels of different humidity ensures that the burner can burn smoothly and stably without the need for complex sensors to check and control.
  • the solid fuel entering the feed port first absorbs heat in the cracking area and releases some gases, including but not limited to VOC (volatile organic compounds, English full name is volatile organic compounds) and water vapor.
  • the volume of the solid fuel also decreases during the process of heat absorption by the solid fuel in the cracking zone.
  • These released gases are carried by the gas flow into the thermal storage chamber formed by the thermal storage device, where they are processed. Since the heat storage device has sufficient heat storage capacity, it is guaranteed to be able to adapt to gases of different temperatures, and to ensure adequate treatment of VOCs (volatiles, especially dioxins, etc.) in the gas.
  • the solid fuel with the maximum particle size smaller than the first material passing gap can pass through the first support arm Group 10 enters the fixed carbon combustion zone.
  • the solid fuel whose maximum particle size is larger than the first material passing gap it will move downward along the first slope and gradually move to the first end of the first arm group 10 (that is, the one shown in the figure that is far from the air inlet side wall) In this process, the solid fuel can still absorb heat for cracking and water evaporation. If the solid fuel moves to a region where the temperature is higher than the ignition point of the fuel, the solid fuel will be ignited and start to burn.
  • the moisture With the cracking of the solid fuel, the moisture is evaporated and burned, its volume is also continuously reduced, until it is burned to the point where it can fall through the first material passing gap and enter the fixed carbon combustion zone, or, along the first slope. It moves down and falls into the oxygen-deficient combustion zone, and finally discharges into the sorting device from the discharge port.
  • the solid fuel is doped with incombustible and relatively large substances, since its volume will not decrease, it will move along the first inclined plane to the first end of the first arm group 10, and then fall to the oxygen-deficient combustion. zone, and with the collapse of the solid fuel in the oxygen-deficient combustion zone and the push of the discharge pusher 46, it is pushed to the discharge port and discharged from the furnace body.
  • the airflow entering from the air inlet 41 can quickly move from the gap to the first end of the first arm group 10, and then Due to the stacking gradient ⁇ naturally formed by the solid fuel piled on the fuel stack of the first arm set 10 and the existence of the first included angle between the first arm set 10 and the horizontal plane, the first arm set 10 has a first The thickness of the solid fuel at the end is the smallest, and the gap between the solid fuels is large, which makes the wind resistance there smaller, which in turn makes the airflow velocity larger, and the airflow velocity is positively correlated with the temperature.
  • the temperature at the first end of the arm set 10 is relatively high, and this area is also the area where the carbon flame generated by the combustion of the solid fuel is located, which can sufficiently provide heat for the ignition body 611 in the heat storage device, so that the temperature of the ignition body 611 is high.
  • the gas in the regenerator can be ignited, so that the volatiles are burned, and the heat generated by the combustion of the volatiles can be absorbed by the regenerator 612 of the regenerator to maintain a stable temperature field in the regenerator at 800°C to 1150°C.
  • this part of the solid fuel can obtain sufficient oxygen supply to burn , as the volume of the burning solid fuel decreases, the gap between the solid fuel going down is smaller, the wind resistance is larger, the wind speed is smaller and the temperature is lowered, so the solid fuel will not appear coking phenomenon, thus effectively It solves the problem that the solid fuel is easy to coke and cause blockage when the grate furnace in the prior art is burned when the coking temperature is below the ignition point.
  • the solid fuel Due to the volume reduction of the solid fuel caused by the combustion, combined with the pushing action of the discharge pusher 46, the solid fuel continuously moves downward.
  • the solid fuel moves to the second slope of the second arm group, if it can pass through the second material passing gap of the second arm group, it will enter the oxygen-deficient combustion zone from the fixed carbon combustion area; if the volume is insufficient After passing through the second material passing gap, it will move down along the second slope until it can pass through the second material passing gap, or move to the second end of the second arm group and fall, and will be pushed out by the discharge material 46 Push to anoxic combustion zone.
  • the air supply in the furnace belongs to the surface air supply, and the airflow speed is controlled by the gap between the solid fuels, so that the combustion volume of the solid fuel is reduced, while the The characteristics of reducing the gap and reducing the wind speed naturally control the combustion of the solid fuel, preventing the phenomenon of insufficient combustion in some parts and over-combustion in the other part.
  • the time that the solid fuel stays in the fixed carbon combustion zone can be controlled, thereby controlling the amount of solid fuel in the combustion residue.
  • the carbon content is fixed to achieve the purpose of obtaining carbon of the required quality.
  • biomass fuel can be processed into carbon through the stack furnace, and the heat generated during the combustion process can also be used to generate electricity.
  • the oxygen-deficient combustion zone is far away from the air inlet 41 and the gap between the solid fuels is also small, the wind resistance here is high and the airflow velocity is low, so coking will not occur, and the oxygen supply is also small. , which can avoid over-burning, thereby preventing excessive nitrogen oxide emissions due to oxidizing nitrogen in the air.
  • a gap is also formed below the second arm set, and the gap enables the burning carbon flame to collect to the first arm set 10 . at the first end.
  • the process of the solid fuel passing through the third arm group in the oxygen-deficient combustion zone is similar to the process of passing through the first arm group 10 and the second arm group, so it is not repeated here.
  • the number of the third arm group can be set as required, or it can also not be set.
  • the combustion residue discharged from the discharge port falls into the sorting box 91, and forms screening objects at different heights under the action of the buoyancy of the sorting liquid, and the screening materials at different heights are transported to different outlets through the scraper mechanism for discharge. , to output high-quality carbon, median carbon and carbon-based fertilizers, etc.
  • the moving direction of the scraper mechanism of the sorting device in the horizontal plane is parallel to the length direction of the discharge port (the direction perpendicular to the paper plane in FIG. 4 ), so that the combustion residue can be evenly dispersed to the In the sorting device, the screening efficiency is improved.
  • the above-mentioned combustion furnace can meet the above-mentioned temperature field process in the furnace, that is, the spatial distribution of different temperature regions in the furnace can meet the temperature conditions required by different combustion stages of solid fuel, and in the furnace, it can meet multiple inherent combustion properties of solid fuel, and make these Combustion in which inherent combustion properties cooperate with each other, that is, multi-coupling combustion of multiple combustion properties.
  • inherent combustion properties of the solid fuels described above include:
  • the combustion process of solid fuel is a process of first absorbing heat and then releasing heat.
  • the heat capacity that is, the fuel enthalpy value
  • the embodiments of the present invention can ensure that the heat absorption required before the solid fuel is burned, thus ensuring that the combustion furnace can be stably and continuously The ground burns without breaking the fire.
  • the volume of solid fuel changes from large to small during the combustion process, which makes the stacking slope of the solid fuel gradually decrease and the fluidity increases.
  • the temperature environment of 800-1150 °C formed by the heat storage device enables the volatile matter (including dioxin) to be fully cracked to achieve environmentally friendly emissions.

Abstract

一种分选装置及具有其的燃烧炉，分选装置包括：分选箱（91），分选箱（91）用于容纳分选液，以通过分选液对物料进行浮力分选，形成分布在分选液不同高度的至少两层筛选物，分选箱（91）的侧壁上设置有至少两个出口；刮板机构，刮板机构包括驱动组件（921）和连接于驱动组件（921）的刮板（922），驱动组件设置在分选箱（91）内，并用于驱动刮板（922）往复移动，刮板（922）用于推动筛选物移动到与筛选物所处高度对应的出口。所述燃烧炉包括炉体和所述分选装置。

Description

分选装置及具有其的燃烧炉 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及筛选设备领域，尤其涉及一种分选装置及具有其的燃烧炉。
背景技术
在工业生产过程中需要物料分拣工艺，以获得不同的筛选物。例如，在生物质和垃圾、污泥等固废的处理和发电领域和燃煤开采、加工领域需要物料分拣工艺。
现有技术中通常使用振动筛进行物料分拣和筛选。但现有的振动筛需要配置外部振动源对物料施加振动力，使物料运动，再配合不同孔径的筛网实现对物料的筛选。这种振动筛由于外部振动源需要消耗大量的能量，导致筛选成本高、且由于装置长时间处于振动状态而容易出现故障或损坏，导致可靠性不足。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本申请实施例提供了一种分选装置及具有其的燃烧炉，以至少部分地解决上述问题。
根据本申请实施例的第一方面，提供一种分选装置，其包括：分选箱，分选箱用于容纳分选液，以通过分选液对物料进行浮力分选，以形成分布在分选液不同高度的至少两层筛选物，分选箱的侧壁上设置有至少两个出口；刮板机构，刮板机构包括驱动组件和连接于驱动组件的刮板，驱动组件设置在分选箱内，并用于驱动刮板往复移动，刮板用于推动筛选物移动到与筛选 物所处高度对应的出口。
可选地，分选箱包括分选箱主体、第一倾斜段和第二倾斜段，第一倾斜段的下端与分选箱主体的第一端连接，第二倾斜段的下端与分选箱主体的第二端连接，至少两个出口设置在第一倾斜段和/或第二倾斜段上。
可选地，至少两个出口包括设置在第一倾斜段上的第一出口和设置在第二倾斜段上的第二出口，刮板包括在竖直方向上间隔设置的第一输送部分和第二输送部分，第一输送部分将位于上层的筛选物输送到第一出口，第二输送部分将位于下层的筛选物输送到第二出口。
可选地，第一倾斜段内设置有隔板，第一输送部分输送的筛选物沿着隔板向上运动，并通过隔板的上端进入第一出口。
可选地，第二倾斜段上还设置有第三出口，第三出口位于第二出口的上方，第二输送部分输送的筛选物中最大粒径小于设定值的筛选物被从第二出口排出，第二输送部分输送的筛选物中最大粒径大于或等于设定值的筛选物被从第三出口排出。
可选地，分选装置还包括排料机构，排料机构的第一端设置在第三出口的下方，以承接并输送从第三出口掉落的最大粒径大于设定值的筛选物。
可选地，刮板的数量为多个，且沿驱动组件的长度方向间隔设置。
可选地，分选液的液面高度高于分选箱主体的上表面。
根据本申请的另一方面，提供一种燃烧炉，燃料炉包括炉体和分选装置，炉体具有出料口，分选装置为上述的分选装置，分选装置与出料口连通，以接收从出料口排出的燃烧剩余物，并对燃烧剩余物进行筛选。
可选地，分选装置的刮板机构在水平面的移动方向与出料口的长度方向平行。
通过本申请的分选装置，分选箱用于容纳分选液，以对物料中不同密度的筛选物进行分选，使得物料中密度不同的筛选物处于分选液的不同高度，再利用刮板机构将不同高度的筛选物输送到不同的出口排出。这种分选装置的分选效率高，且运行成本低、经济性好。
由于分选箱上设置有至少两个出口，且刮板机构包括驱动组件和刮板，驱动组件用于带动刮板往复移动，而刮板推动筛选物移动，这样就实现了通过一个刮板机构将处于不同高度的至少两层筛选物输送到不同的出口中，实现了快速、方便、可靠地对物料进行筛选，并输出不同的可用的筛选物。
附图说明
为以下附图仅旨在于对本申请做示意性说明和解释，并不限定本申请的范围。
图1示出了本申请实施例的分选装置的立体结构示意图；
图2示出了本申请实施例的分选装置的剖视结构示意图；
图3示出了本申请实施例的分选装置的刮板机构的俯视结构示意图；和
图4示出了本申请实施例的燃烧炉的炉体与分选装置配合的结构示意图。
10、第一支臂组；41、进风口；46、出料推排；611、点火体；612、蓄热体；91、分选箱；911、分选箱主体；912、第一倾斜段；913、第二倾斜段；914、第一出口；915、第二出口；916、第三出口；92、刮板机构；921、驱动组件；922、刮板；93、隔板。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的人员更好地理解本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请实施例一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请实施例中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本申请实施例保护的范围。
如图1所示，本申请提供一种分选装置，其包括分选箱91和刮板机构。分选箱91用于容纳分选液，以通过分选液对物料进行浮力分选，以形成分布在分选液不同高度的至少两层筛选物，分选箱91的侧壁上设置有至少两个出口；刮板机构包括驱动组件921和连接于驱动组件921的刮板922，驱动组 件921设置在分选箱91内，并用于驱动刮板922往复移动，刮板922用于推动筛选物移动到与筛选物所处高度对应的出口。
分选箱91用于容纳分选液，以对物料中不同密度的筛选物进行分选，使得物料中密度不同的筛选物处于分选液的不同高度，再利用刮板机构将不同高度的筛选物输送到不同的出口排出。这种分选装置的分选效率高，且运行成本低、经济性好。
由于分选箱91上设置有至少两个出口，且刮板机构包括驱动组件921和刮板922，驱动组件921用于带动刮板922往复移动，而刮板922推动筛选物移动，这样就实现了通过一个刮板机构将处于不同高度的至少两层筛选物输送到不同的出口中，实现了快速、方便、可靠地对物料进行筛选，并输出不同的可用的筛选物。
通过该分选装置不仅实现了分选而且对于高温的物料分选液还能够对物料进行降温，避免温度过高而影响分选装置的性能。
在一示例中，驱动组件921包括用于带动刮板922的皮带、电机和皮带轮等结构。
皮带轮可转动地设置在第一倾斜段912和第二倾斜段913上，皮带可以为至少两条，且绕设在皮带轮上，刮板922连接在相邻两条皮带之间，且沿着皮带的长度方向设置有多个刮板922。
多个皮带轮中的至少一个作为主动轮与电机连接，受电机驱动而转动，并带动皮带转动从而使刮板922移动，从而推动筛选物移动。这样实现通过一个刮板机构同时对两个不同高度的筛选物进行输送，使得输送效率较高，且结构较为简单。
在另一示例中，驱动组件921包括用于带动刮板922的链条、电机和链轮等。
链轮可转动地设置在第一倾斜段912和第二倾斜段913上，链条可以为 至少两条，且绕设在链轮上，刮板922连接在相邻两个链条之间。多个链轮中的至少一个可以作为主动轮与电机连接，并受电机驱动而转动，以带动链条运动，从而使刮板922运动。
在本实施例中，为了使分离不同密度的筛选物的效率更高，分选箱91包括分选箱主体911、第一倾斜段912和第二倾斜段913，第一倾斜段912的下端与分选箱主体911的第一端连接，第二倾斜段913的下端与分选箱主体911的第二端连接，至少两个出口设置在第一倾斜段912和/或第二倾斜段913上。这样可以快速地将不同密度的筛选物从不同的出口排出，且可以仅通过一组刮板机构92，从而节省运行成本和生产成本。
由于分选箱91具有两个倾斜段，因此刮板机构在转动一圈的过程中能够筛选出至少两种密度不同的筛选物，这样不仅解决了物料筛选问题，而且筛选效率高，能够充分节省能源和运行成本。
由于第一倾斜段912和第二倾斜段913均相对分选箱主体911倾斜向上延伸，且出口设置在第一倾斜段912和/或第二倾斜段913上，因此出口的高度高于分选液的液面高度，这样通过驱动组件921可以带动筛选物向上运动从而脱离分选液，并从对应的出口排出。
在本实施例中，所述分选液的液面高度高于所述分选箱主体911的上表面。由于分选箱主体911上设置有与连接管(连接管用于输送物料，以分选装置配合到燃烧炉中为例，连接管可以连接在分选箱主体911与燃烧炉的出料口之间，以使燃烧剩余物排出到分选箱主体911内)连接的开口，因此连接管与分选箱主体911的连接位置在分选箱911的上表面，由于液面高度高于分选箱主体911的上表面，因而使得分选液的液面高于分选箱91与连接管(连接管用于输送物料)的连接位置从而实现液封，避免气体通过出口进入分选箱91再通过分选箱91进入燃烧炉而破坏燃烧炉内的负压。
本实施例中，分选箱主体911可以水平设置，其可以采用钢材或其他合金材料制作。第一倾斜段912、第二倾斜段913和分选箱主体911可以单独 加工在连接在一起，也可以采用一体成型的加工方式(如铸造)进行加工。
第一倾斜段912和第二倾斜段913均为筒体，其可以是圆筒、方筒或者梯形筒等等。筒体的开口与分选箱911连接。
分选装置上的至少两个出口可以设置在分选箱主体911的同一侧(如均设置在第一倾斜段912上或者均设置在第二倾斜段913上)，或者，也可以设置在分选箱主体911的不同侧(如其中一部分出口设置在第一倾斜段912上，另一部分出口设置在第二倾斜段913上)。
以至少两个出口设置在分选箱主体911的不同侧为例，至少两个出口包括设置在第一倾斜段912上的第一出口914和设置在第二倾斜段913上的第二出口915，刮板922包括在竖直方向上间隔设置的第一输送部分和第二输送部分，第一输送部分将位于上层的筛选物输送到第一出口914，第二输送部分将位于下层的筛选物输送到第二出口915。
刮板922为多个，至少部分刮板922形成第一输送部分，至少部分刮板922形成第二输送部分。
形成第一输送部分和第二输送部分的刮板通过低速运动可以带动筛选物运动。其中低速运动中的具体速度可以根据需要确定，例如低速可以是小于或等于0.1m/s。
优选地，从第一出口914排出的筛选物可以是优质碳，例如为热值大于或等于7000千卡的碳。这种质量较好的碳中的孔洞较多，且碳含量占比较高，因此使得其密度较小，更容易浮在分选液中。对于热值低于7000千卡的筛选物，由于其中的碳含量降低，灰烬含量较高，因此密度较大，更容易沉在分选液的底部，从而与热值更高的筛选物分离。
对于位于上层的筛选物而言，在通过第一输送部分进行输送而脱离分选液之后，为了避免筛选物自身的重力造成筛选物下落，第一倾斜段912内设置有隔板93，第一输送部分输送的筛选物沿着隔板93向上运动，并通过隔板93的上端进入第一出口914。隔板93可以在筛选物下方对筛选物形成支 撑，确保筛选物能够沿着隔板93向上运动，直到运动到隔板93的上端并脱离隔板93而从第一出口914排出分选箱91。
隔板93的倾斜段还可以实现沥水的作用，使筛选物中携带的水脱离。隔板93的材质、形状等可以根据需要确定，本实施例对此不作限制。
第二输送部分输送下层的筛选物的过程与前述的第一输送部分输送上层的筛选物的过程类似，下层的筛选物被第二倾斜段913支撑，并被第二输送部分推动沿着第二倾斜段913逐渐向上运动，直到运动到第二出口915，从第二出口915排出。
为了能够更好地推动筛选物移动，刮板922包括设置在驱动组件921上的挡板，挡板的数量为多个，且沿驱动组件921的长度方向间隔设置。
可选地，对于下层的筛选物而言，由于热值小于7000千卡的碳和灰烬可能会混合在一起，为了将碳和灰烬分离，使得分选出的筛选物更加纯净，以便于后续使用，前述的至少两个出口还可以包括第三出口916，第二倾斜段913上还设置有该第三出口916，第三出口916位于第二出口915的上方，第二输送部分输送的筛选物中最大粒径小于设定值的筛选物被从第二出口915排出，第二输送部分输送的筛选物中最大粒径大于或等于设定值的筛选物被从第三出口916排出。
设定值可以根据需要确定，例如，设定值为灰烬的最大粒径。通过在第二倾斜段913上设置供不同粒径的筛选物通过的第二出口915和第三出口916，来对密度相同或类似但是最大粒径相差较大的筛选物进行分离，从而使得对筛选物的分拣更加细致，可以更加细化地分拣筛选物。
在一示例中，从第二出口915排出的最大粒径小于设定值的筛选物为炭基肥，和/或，从第三出口916排出的最大粒径大于或等于设定值的筛选物的热值大于或等于4000千卡，且小于7000千卡。这样炭基肥等可以直接从第二出口915排出并输送到后续工序进行处理或使用，而分拣出的热值小于7000千卡且大于或等于4000千卡的碳可以进行收集和后续处理，以备使用。
可选地，为了便于从第三出口916排出的筛选物的运输，且避免和第二出口915排出的筛选物再次混合，分选装置还包括排料机构94，排料机构94的第一端设置在第三出口916的下端，以承接并输送从第三出口916掉落的最大粒径大于设定值的筛选物。
排料结构可以是输送排、传送带、输送箱等，对此不作限制。
本实施例的分选装置采用功率较低的刮板机构就可以实现对燃烧剩余物的筛选，更加节省运营成本，而现有的振动筛需要额外附加振动发生机构对振动筛施加巨大的外部振动力，导致运行成本高，而且可以降低制造成本。
筛选物在隔板上运动的过程中可以使分选液向下流动，从而使从第一出口排出的筛选物更加干燥，类似地，筛选物从第二倾斜段的底板上向上移动的过程中也可以减少筛选物的水分。
本实施例中采用浮力分选，由于分选液对筛选物提供浮力，因此能够降低输送筛选物时需要的动力，从而减小能耗。
根据本申请的另一方面，提供一种燃烧炉，燃料炉包括炉体和分选装置，炉体具有出料口，分选装置为上述的分选装置，分选装置与出料口连通，以接收从出料口排出的燃烧剩余物，并对燃烧剩余物进行筛选。
本实施例中，分选装置应用于燃烧炉中，用于对燃烧炉的燃烧剩余物进行分选。分选装置尤其适用于能够满足温度场流程的燃烧炉，因为满足温度场流程的燃烧炉的燃烧剩余物质量可控。通过分选装置可以对燃烧剩余物进行筛选，从而获得燃烧剩余的木炭、炭基肥等。
其中，满足温度场流程的燃烧炉是指：燃烧炉的炉膛内的不同温度区域的空间分布满足固体燃料不同燃烧阶段所需的温度条件，该不同温度区域是通过炉膛内的固体燃料在燃烧过程中形成的。这种燃烧炉能够使固体燃料在其中燃烧而不会结焦。通过控制固体燃料在燃烧炉内停留的时间就可以控制燃烧剩余物中碳的质量。
该燃烧炉可以直接通过分选装置对燃烧剩余物进行分选，从而获得不同的筛选物，具有良好的经济效益，且可以充分避免能源浪费，减少燃烧剩余物的处理成本。
下面结合图4，对燃烧炉的结构和使用过程进行说明如下：
如图4所示，燃烧炉包括炉体，炉体的顶壁上设置有进料口，炉体的进风侧壁的上部设置有进风口41，与进风侧壁对应的出风侧壁上设置有出风口和出料口。炉体内设置有分料结构，分料结构的下方设置有出料推排46。通过出料推排46可以将燃烧剩余物从出料口排出，使其进入分选装置中进行分选。炉体内还设置有蓄热装置用于对固体燃料产生的气体进行处理，从而减少对气体的处理成本。
炉体内供固体燃料燃烧的空间可以称为炉膛，通过在炉体内设置分料结构，可以使燃烧炉满足固体燃料充分燃烧(需要说明的是本实施例中所说的充分燃烧并非是指固体燃料中的碳全部燃烧，而是指在使固体燃料中的固定碳能够燃烧且不会由于过燃而使固体燃料结焦)的温度场流程，固体燃料在燃烧炉的炉膛内满足温度场流程为：炉膛内的不同温度区域的空间分布满足固体燃料不同燃烧阶段所需的温度条件，该不同温度区域是通过炉膛内的固体燃料在燃烧过程中形成的。
如图4所示，分料结构至少包括第一支臂组10，且第一支臂组10与水平面的第一夹角小于堆积在第一支臂组10上的固体燃料形成的堆放坡度。第一支臂组10用于形成第一斜面，且第一支臂组10上设置有第一过料间隙，以使最大粒径小于第一过料间隙的固体燃料能够通过第一支臂组10而掉落。
可选地，分料结构还可以包括第二支臂组、第三支臂组等，第二支臂组和第三支臂组可以根据炉膛的体积选择性设置或不设置，对比不作限制。
以分料结构包括第一支臂组10、第二支臂组和第三支臂组为例，对通过分料结构使固体燃料进行有组织的、多耦合燃烧进行说明：
通过分料结构将炉体内划分为多个区域，第一支臂组10以上固体燃料主 要是吸收热量并进行水分的蒸发、以及挥发分的裂解，可能伴有少量的燃烧，因此在第一支臂组10以上的区域可以称作裂解区域；第一支臂组10和第二支臂组之间固体燃料主要进行固定碳的燃烧，并释放热量(释放的热量可以供给裂解区域中的固体燃料吸收，多余的热量可以用于驱动锅炉或汽轮机等)，可能伴有少量的挥发分裂解，因此该区域可以称作固定碳燃烧区；第二支臂组与出料推排46之间的区域中固体燃料主要是进行缺氧燃烧，因此可以将该区域称为缺氧燃烧区，若分料结构内设置有第三支臂组，则第三支臂组可以将缺氧燃烧区域分为两个或两个以上的子区域。
下面结合对燃烧炉的工作过程进行说明如下：
燃烧炉的运行过程可以分为填料、点火和运行几个阶段。
在填料阶段，固体燃料从进料口进入，并逐渐下落和堆积形成燃料堆，燃料堆自然形成堆放坡度γ，在此阶段由于固体燃料还未燃烧，因此炉体内各处堆积的固体燃料的堆放坡度γ相近。当固体燃料堆积到进料口的第一料位P时，停止进料，准备点燃。
在点燃阶段，关闭进风口41、打开与出风口连接的引风机(引风机通过通道与出风口连通)，在进料口处放入引燃物，此时在引风机作用下炉体内为负压状态，气流从进料口进入，使得引燃物将固体燃料点燃，在点燃一段时间(该时间可以根据需要采用适当的方式确定)后进入运行阶段。
在运行阶段，将进料口的料位保持在第二料位，第二料位高于第一料位，并打开进风口41，使气流从进风口41进入，且在运行一段时间时启动出料推排46，使出料推排46推动固体燃料向出料口运动，其中出料推排46的运动方向为远离进风口41的方向。
此阶段中，由于固体燃料的不断燃烧而使得炉体内的燃料堆不断塌缩、以及出料推排46不断驱动燃烧剩余物向炉体外运动，在这双重动力作用下，使得上方进料口处的固体燃料能够不断向下掉落，实现向炉体内补充新的固体燃料。
由于炉体内的固体燃料量足够多，处于在燃状态的固体燃料充足，能够提供足够的热量对新进入的固体燃料进行干燥且满足新进入的固体燃料燃烧所需吸收的热量，由此保证了对不同湿度的固体燃料的适应性，确保燃烧炉能够在不需要复杂的传感器进行检查和控制的情况下，使燃烧炉能够顺利、稳定地燃烧。
进料口进入的固体燃料首先在裂解区域内吸热而释出一些气体，这些气体包括但不限于VOC(挥发性有机化合物,英文全称为volatile organic compounds)和水蒸气等。在固体燃料在裂解区域内吸热的过程中固体燃料的体积也会减小。这些释出的气体被气流携带而进入蓄热装置形成的蓄热腔内，其在蓄热腔内被处理。由于蓄热装置具有足够的蓄热能力，因此保证了能够适应不同温度的气体，且保证能够对气体中的VOC(挥发分尤其是二噁英等)进行充分处理。
当固体燃料自进料口到达第一支臂组10的第一斜面时，由于第一支臂组10的阻挡作用，使得最大粒径小于第一过料间隙的固体燃料能够通过第一支臂组10而进入到固定碳燃烧区。对于最大粒径大于第一过料间隙的固体燃料，其会沿着第一斜面向下运动，逐渐运动到第一支臂组10的第一端(即图中显示的远离进风侧壁的一端)，在此过程中，固体燃料仍可以吸热进行裂解以及水分蒸发，若固体燃料运动到温度高于燃料燃点的区域内，则固体燃料将会被点燃而开始燃烧。
伴随着固体燃料的裂解、水分被蒸发和燃烧，其体积也在不断地缩小，直到燃烧到能够通过第一过料间隙而掉落，进入到固定碳燃烧区，或者，沿着第一斜面向下运动并掉落到缺氧燃烧区，最终从出料口排出到分选装置内。
若固体燃料中掺杂了不可燃且体积较大的物质，由于其体积不会减小因此会沿着第一斜面运动到第一支臂组10的第一端，然后掉落到缺氧燃烧区，并随着缺氧燃烧区的固体燃料的塌缩、出料推排46的推动被推动到出料口而排出炉体。这使得对燃烧炉对固体燃料的适应性极强，对于掺杂了不可燃物 的固体燃料也能够兼容，且保证不会由于不可燃物的存在而造成卡死。
由于第一支臂组10的阻挡作用，使得第一支臂组10下方的固体燃料体积塌缩的速度和第一支臂组10上方固体燃料的掉落速度之间存在了速度差，进而在第一支臂组10的下方形成了供气流通过的空隙，由于该空隙的存在，使得从进风口41进入的气流能够从空隙快速地运动到第一支臂组10的第一端处，又由于固体燃料堆积在第一支臂组10的燃料堆上自然形成的堆放坡度γ以及第一支臂组10和水平面之间的第一夹角的存在，导致第一支臂组10的第一端处的固体燃料的厚度最小、且固体燃料之间的间隙较大，综合使得该处的风阻较小，进而使得气流流速较大，而气流流速与温度之间正相关，因此使得第一支臂组10的第一端处的温度较高，而且该区域也正是固体燃料燃烧产生的碳焰所在区域，可以充分地为蓄热装置中的点火体611提供热量，使得点火体611的温度能够点燃蓄热腔内的气体，使得挥发分燃烧，挥发分燃烧产生的热量可以被蓄热装置的蓄热体612吸收从而维持蓄热腔内的温度场稳定在800℃～1150℃。
对于掉落到固定碳燃烧区的固体燃料，由于该区域与进风口41较近，且从进风口41进入的冷气流会先下沉，因此这部分固体燃料能够获得充足的供氧，从而燃烧，随着燃烧固体燃料的体积减小，越向下的固体燃料之间的缝隙越小，风阻就越大，风速就越小因而使得温度下降，因此固体燃料不会出现结焦的现象，从而有效解决了结焦温度在燃点以下导致现有技术中的炉排炉燃烧时固体燃料容易结焦导致堵塞的问题。
由于燃烧导致的固体燃料的体积减小、结合出料推排46的推动作用，使得固体燃料不断向下运动。一部分固体燃料运动到第二支臂组的第二斜面上时，若能够通过第二支臂组的第二过料间隙，则会从固定碳燃烧区域进入到缺氧燃烧区；若体积不足以通过第二过料间隙，则会沿着第二斜面向下运动，直至能够通过第二过料间隙，或者运动到第二支臂组的第二端而掉落，会被出料推排46推动到缺氧燃烧区。
在此过程中，由于固体燃料的燃料堆本身的阻挡作用，使得炉体内的供风属于面给风，且气流速度受到固体燃料之间的间隙控制，实现了利用固体燃料燃烧体积减小，而使得缝隙减小、风速减小的特点对固体燃料的燃烧进行自然控制，防止了局部燃烧不充分，另一部分过燃的现象。
通过调整第二支臂组的长度、以及第二支臂组的第二端与进风侧壁之间的距离就可以控制固体燃料在固定碳燃烧区停留的时间，进而控制燃烧剩余物中的固定碳含量，从而实现获得需要品质的碳的目的。例如，通过该堆烧炉可以将生物质燃料加工成碳，同时还可以利用燃烧过程中产生的热量进行发电。
由于缺氧燃烧区距离进风口41较远，且固体燃料之间的间隙也较小，此处的风阻较高，气流流速较低，因此不会出现结焦的现象，而且供氧量也较少，可以避免过燃，从而防止由于氧化空气中的氮气而造成氮氧化物排放超标。
与第一支臂组10类似地，由于第二支臂组的阻挡作用，使得第二支臂组的下方也会形成空隙，该空隙使得燃烧的碳焰能够汇集到第一支臂组10的第一端处。
在缺氧燃烧区固体燃料经过第三支臂组的过程与经过第一支臂组10和第二支臂组类似，故不再赘述。第三支臂组的数量可以根据需要设置，或者也可以不设置。
从出料口排出的燃烧剩余物落到分选箱91内，在分选液的浮力作用下形成位于不同高度的筛选物，并通过刮板机构将不同高度的筛选物输送到不同的出口排出，以输出高品质的碳、中值碳和炭基肥等。
在本实施例中，所述分选装置的刮板机构在水平面的移动方向与所述出料口的长度方向(图4中垂直纸面的方向)平行，这样方便燃烧剩余物均匀地分散到分选装置内，提升筛选效率。
上述燃烧炉在炉膛内能够满足上述温度场流程，即炉膛内不同温度区域 的空间分布满足固体燃料不同燃烧阶段所需的温度条件，在炉膛内实现符合固体燃料多个固有燃烧属性、并且使这些固有燃烧属性相互配合的燃烧，即多个燃烧属性的多耦合燃烧。上述固体燃料的多个固有燃烧属性包括：
1、固体燃料的燃烧过程是先吸热后放热的过程。通过使炉膛内燃料的热容量(即燃料焓值)大于燃烧所需的吸热量，本发明的实施例能够确保提供固体燃料燃烧之前所需的吸热量，从而保证了燃烧炉可以稳定、连续地燃烧，不会断火。
2、固体燃料在燃烧过程中体积由大变小，使得固体燃料的堆放坡度逐渐变小，流动性增大。
3、针对固体燃料燃烧产生的烟气，经过蓄热装置形成的800～1150℃的温度环境，使得挥发分(包括二噁英)可以充分裂解，实现环保排放。
需要说明的是，上述分选装置除了能应用于燃烧炉中对燃烧剩余物进行筛选外，还可以应用到其他场景中，只要物料中包含不同密度的筛选物即可。
应当理解，虽然本说明书是按照各个实施例描述的，但并非每个实施例仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
以上所述仅为本申请实施例示意性的具体实施方式，并非用以限定本申请实施例的范围。任何本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本申请实施例的构思和原则的前提下所作的等同变化、修改与结合，均应属于本申请实施例保护的范围。

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  1. 一种分选装置，其特征在于，包括：
    分选箱(91)，所述分选箱(91)用于容纳分选液，以通过所述分选液对所述物料进行浮力分选，以形成分布在所述分选液不同高度的至少两层筛选物，所述分选箱(91)的侧壁上设置有至少两个出口；
    刮板机构，所述刮板机构包括驱动组件(921)和连接于所述驱动组件(921)的刮板(922)，所述驱动组件(921)设置在所述分选箱(91)内，并用于驱动所述刮板(922)往复移动，所述刮板(922)用于推动所述筛选物移动到与所述筛选物所处高度对应的出口。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的分选装置，其特征在于，所述分选箱(91)包括分选箱主体(911)、第一倾斜段(912)和第二倾斜段(913)，所述第一倾斜段(912)的下端与所述分选箱主体(911)的第一端连接，所述第二倾斜段(913)的下端与所述分选箱主体(911)的第二端连接，所述至少两个所述出口设置在所述第一倾斜段(912)和/或所述第二倾斜段(913)上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的分选装置，其特征在于，所述至少两个出口包括设置在所述第一倾斜段(912)上的第一出口(914)和设置在所述第二倾斜段(913)上的第二出口(915)，所述刮板(922)包括在竖直方向上间隔设置的第一输送部分和第二输送部分，所述第一输送部分将位于上层的筛选物输送到所述第一出口(914)，所述第二输送部分将位于下层的筛选物输送到所述第二出口(915)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的分选装置，其特征在于，所述第一倾斜段(912)内设置有隔板(93)，所述第一输送部分输送的筛选物沿着所述隔板(93)向上运动，并通过所述隔板(93)的上端进入所述第一出口(914)。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的分选装置，其特征在于，所述第二倾斜段(913)上还设置有第三出口(916)，所述第三出口(916)位于所述第二出口(915)的上方，所述第二输送部分输送的筛选物中最大粒径小于设定值的筛选物被 从所述第二出口(915)排出，所述第二输送部分输送的筛选物中最大粒径大于或等于所述设定值的筛选物被从所述第三出口(916)排出。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的分选装置，其特征在于，所述分选装置还包括排料机构(94)，所述排料机构(94)的第一端设置在所述第三出口(916)的下方，以承接并输送从所述第三出口(916)掉落的最大粒径大于所述设定值的筛选物。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的分选装置，其特征在于，所述刮板(922)的数量为多个，且沿所述驱动组件(921)的长度方向间隔设置。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的分选装置，其特征在于，所述分选液的液面高度高于所述分选箱主体(911)的上表面。
  9. 一种燃烧炉，其特征在于，所述燃料炉包括炉体和分选装置，所述炉体具有出料口，所述分选装置为权利要求1-8中任一项所述的分选装置，所述分选装置与所述出料口连通，以接收从所述出料口排出的燃烧剩余物，并对所述燃烧剩余物进行筛选。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的燃烧炉，其特征在于，所述分选装置的刮板机构在水平面的移动方向与所述出料口的长度方向平行。
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CN207563086U (zh) * 2017-12-01 2018-07-03 黑龙江工业学院 一种重介质选煤装置
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CN1161884A (zh) * 1996-04-10 1997-10-15 中国矿业大学 用双密度层空气重介流化床进行三产品分选的方法及装置
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CN207563086U (zh) * 2017-12-01 2018-07-03 黑龙江工业学院 一种重介质选煤装置
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