WO2022166247A1 - 一种电活性生物载体模块及用其进行污水处理的装置 - Google Patents

一种电活性生物载体模块及用其进行污水处理的装置 Download PDF

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WO2022166247A1
WO2022166247A1 PCT/CN2021/123691 CN2021123691W WO2022166247A1 WO 2022166247 A1 WO2022166247 A1 WO 2022166247A1 CN 2021123691 W CN2021123691 W CN 2021123691W WO 2022166247 A1 WO2022166247 A1 WO 2022166247A1
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module
stainless steel
electrode
electroactive
steel mesh
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French (fr)
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崔丹
王柯雯
刘一鸣
陈艾宏
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/005—Combined electrochemical biological processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2853—Anaerobic digestion processes using anaerobic membrane bioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/463—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrocoagulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4672—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electrooxydation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2806—Anaerobic processes using solid supports for microorganisms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
    • C02F3/2846—Anaerobic digestion processes using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket [UASB] reactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
    • C02F2001/46157—Perforated or foraminous electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2203/006—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of bioelectrochemistry and sewage treatment, in particular to an electroactive biological carrier module and a process device for sewage treatment using the same.
  • Anaerobic biological method is to degrade organic pollutants in sewage into methane, carbon dioxide and other substances under the combined action of facultative anaerobic bacteria and obligate anaerobic bacteria and other microorganisms. Because of its low cost, good effect and green environmental protection It has become the mainstream method of actual sewage treatment at present, but it also has certain shortcomings, namely, slow treatment speed, long start-up time, and large volume of structures, which greatly limit the development of anaerobic biological methods. The application of biological carriers can greatly improve the efficiency of anaerobic biological methods. In the traditional anaerobic biological treatment process, bio-carriers are introduced to enrich microorganisms.
  • the bioreactors can be provided with larger biomass and biological reaction sites.
  • studies have proved that biological The carrier can redistribute gas and water by its own structure, thereby improving the removal effect of pollutants.
  • the present invention proposes an electrode biological carrier with a three-dimensional configuration, and constructs a composite anaerobic process device.
  • the functional microorganisms with electricity collecting activity can not only immobilize the microorganisms, but also increase the biomass.
  • the treatment speed of anaerobic biological method is accelerated by potential regulation and electroactive microbial catalysis.
  • the invention provides an electroactive biological carrier module, and constructs a composite anaerobic biological process device to strengthen sewage treatment.
  • the design of the biocarrier module configuration is mainly based on the principles of strengthening solution mixing and prolonging the matrix residence time, and the residence time distribution of the composite process is analyzed by tracer experiments, and the electroactive biological The optimal contribution of carrier modules to fluid flow regime and process performance.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an electroactive biological carrier module and a process device for treating sewage with the same, which has the functions of increasing biomass, improving hydraulic flow and improving sewage treatment efficiency.
  • two types of electroactive biological carrier modules are provided, which respectively include the following:
  • the annular carbon brush electrode biological carrier module is composed of a plurality of (preferably 9) carbon brushes; the diameter of the carbon brushes used is 1.5-3.0 cm and the length is 10-30 cm;
  • the carbon brushes in hydrochloric acid preferably with a hydrochloric acid concentration of 1 mol/L for 24 hours, remove surface impurities and then dry them; use titanium wires and plastic screws to connect multiple treated carbon brushes in series on a titanium wire with an interval of 20-50mm.
  • One end of the carbon brush that is, the upper end, is fixed with the titanium wire; the titanium wire is closed end to end to form a ring, and a carbon brush is fixed in the center; the module as a whole is a cylindrical structure formed by the carbon brush being axially parallel.
  • the diameter of the cylinder is 8cm and the height is 16cm;
  • the corrugated stainless steel mesh electrode biological carrier module is composed of multiple sheets (preferably 8 sheets) of corrugated stainless steel meshes stacked in parallel; the corrugated stainless steel meshes of the upper and lower adjacent layers have vertical corrugated length directions; the layers are fixedly connected with titanium wires ; Preferably, the angle between the crests or troughs of each corrugated stainless steel mesh is 60°, and the distance between two adjacent crests or troughs is 2cm.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a process device with a built-in electroactive biological carrier module.
  • the main body of the device is composed of 1 cone and 6 cylinders in series in the axial direction, and the cone is located at the bottom; the device is made of insulating materials.
  • the first cylinder is provided with a three-phase separator and a water outlet
  • the second cylinder is filled with the annular carbon brush electrode biological carrier module as an anode module
  • the third cylinder is filled with the The corrugated stainless steel mesh electrode biological carrier module is used as the cathode module.
  • the cathode module and the anode module are connected with the external power supply, external resistance and data acquisition instrument (for collecting current, but not shown in the figure) to form a loop, which can be used during operation. Voltage may be applied, or no voltage may be applied; the fifth cylinder, the sixth cylinder, and the bottom cone are the anaerobic sludge zone, and the anaerobic sludge zone is provided with a water inlet.
  • the carbon fiber brush and stainless steel mesh are connected in series by titanium wire, and the titanium wire is used as the current collector.
  • the stainless steel mesh is made of 304 stainless steel mesh 24 mesh material.
  • Electroactive biofilms can be enriched on both anode and cathode surfaces
  • the module can be applied with no voltage or with a voltage less than 1V;
  • the device is an up-flow design, and the anode modules and cathode modules are arranged in the device in the upper and lower rows.
  • the materials of cones and cylinders are non-conductive materials, such as: plexiglass, polytetrafluoroethylene;
  • the constructed sewage treatment process is applicable to a wide range of sewage, including: urban domestic sewage, high-concentration organic wastewater, refractory industrial wastewater, etc.;
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the electroactive biological carrier module of the present invention can not only play the role of secondary water distribution, but also prolong the hydraulic path and improve the hydraulic flow state;
  • the electroactive biological carrier of the present invention can directionally enrich the electroactive biofilm under the action of the micro-electric field
  • the sewage treatment device with built-in electroactive biological carrier of the present invention has simultaneous anaerobic biological reaction and bioelectrochemical reaction, which plays a strengthening role in the removal of pollution.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a ring carbon brush electrode biocarrier
  • (A) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single carbon brush according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • (B) is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an annular carbon brush electrode biocarrier according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a corrugated stainless steel mesh electrode biological carrier module
  • (A) is the cutting schematic diagram of the stainless steel mesh electrode of the embodiment of the present invention
  • (B) is the schematic diagram of the corrugated stainless steel mesh sheet of the embodiment of the present invention
  • (C) is the corrugated stainless steel mesh formed by laminating the corrugated stainless steel mesh sheets of the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a process structure of a built-in electroactive biological carrier module according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a comparison diagram of the actual residence time of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the inner diameter of the cylinder used for constructing the device is 12 cm, the wall thickness is 1 cm, and the height is 20 cm; the overall height of the device is 135 cm;
  • the ring carbon brush electrode bio-carrier module is a column with a diameter of 8cm and a height of 16cm.
  • Corrugated stainless steel mesh electrode bio-carrier module The single-layer stainless steel mesh is corrugated, with a length of 10cm, a width of 10cm, and a corrugation interval of 2cm, as shown in Figure 2 (A); the overall module is 10cm long, 10cm wide, and 14cm high.
  • the height of a single wrinkle is 2cm, and the 8 layers of bent stainless steel meshes are horizontally stacked and connected in series with titanium wire, which is a wrinkled stainless steel mesh electrode module.
  • the prepared annular carbon brush electrode module was placed in the center of the second cylinder from top to bottom in the anaerobic bioreactor, and the prepared pleated stainless steel mesh electrode module was placed in the center of the third cylinder from top to bottom in the anaerobic bioreactor.
  • the two electrode modules are connected to the external power supply, external resistance and data acquisition instrument through wires to form a loop (8cm titanium wire is extended to the outside of the device through a reserved hole as a current collector). There is no external voltage in this embodiment.
  • the RTD (hydraulic retention time distribution) curve is normalized based on the dimensionless time ⁇ of the flow instead of the actual time t, and the RTD relationship between ⁇ and the normalized liquid age E( ⁇ ) is established to eliminate the flow rate under unsteady conditions.
  • the tensile or compressive effects of changes on the horizontal or vertical axis of the RTD allow the comparability of RTDs curves for different hydraulic loads.
  • Fig. 4 is the residence time distribution curve diagram of the reactor in the embodiment of the present invention
  • the residence time distribution curve obtained in Example 1 is compared with the residence time distribution curve obtained by the comparative example, the peak value is lower: the peak value of the comparative example is 1.742, and The peak values of Example 1 were 1.427, respectively, indicating that the tracer would flow out quickly and intensively in Comparative Example, while in Example 1, it would flow out slowly and uniformly.
  • the actual residence time/theoretical residence time obtained in Example 1 is greater than that of the comparative example: when the theoretical HRT is 2h, the actual residence time/theoretical residence time values of Example 1 and the comparative example are 1.675 and 1.552 respectively; When being 4h, the actual residence time/theoretical residence time values of Example 1 and Comparative Example were 2.073 and 1.668 respectively; when the theoretical HRT was 6h, the actual residence time/theoretical residence time values of Example 1 and Comparative Example were 1.896 respectively and 1.683, which indicates that the introduction of the electrode carrier prolongs the residence time of pollutants, effectively reduces the adverse hydraulic phenomena such as short flow and retention, and makes the pollutants better contact with the sludge and the electrode surface, thereby improving the pollutants. removal efficiency.
  • the flow state of the electrode carrier area is further characterized by the flow velocity distribution cloud map and the trace diagram.
  • the simulation results of the local flow velocity of the electrode module show that in the control group, the flow velocity in the center of the device is the largest, and the flow velocity from the center axis to the wall surface decreases vertically, which is a typical pipe flow characteristic ;
  • the change of flow velocity in the electrode carrier area is just the opposite, the flow velocity at the gap between the electrode and the wall surface is slightly larger, but the flow velocity in the central area of the device slows down, and the flow velocity in the "ring carbon brush electrode biological carrier" area slows down by 75%.
  • the flow rate in the "carrier" area is reduced by 50%, and they are evenly distributed along the cross section of the device, which also proves that the introduction of the electrode carrier plays the role of secondary water distribution, effectively reducing short flow and dead zone, and prolonging the contamination in the electrode area.

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Abstract

一种电活性生物载体模块及用其进行污水处理的装置，涉及生物电化学领域和污水处理领域。该电活性生物载体模块由阳极模块和阴极模块组成，均由导电材料制成。其中，阳极模块由碳纤维刷串联而成，呈垂直环形结构，阴极模块由不锈钢网串联组成，不锈钢网呈褶皱状水平层叠设计，阳极和阴极模块通过外部导线连接，形成电路。阳极模块及阴极模块表面均可富集微生物，并在表面形成生物膜。电极模块置于升流式污水处理装置中，作为电活性生物载体，构成内置电极生物载体的复合型污水处理装置，具有强化污水处理效能和回收电能的作用。

Description

一种电活性生物载体模块及用其进行污水处理的装置 技术领域
本发明涉及生物电化学领域和污水处理领域，具体涉及一种电活性生物载体模块及用其进行污水处理的工艺装置。
技术背景
厌氧生物法是在兼性厌氧菌和专性厌氧菌等微生物的共同作用下，将污水中的有机污染物降解生成甲烷、二氧化碳等物质，由于其具有成本低、效果好以及绿色环保等优点，成为当前实际污水处理的主流方法，但也存在一定的缺陷，即处理速度慢、启动时间长、构筑物容积大等，极大限制了厌氧生物法的发展。生物载体的应用，可大大提高厌氧生物法的效率。在传统厌氧生物处理工艺中引入生物载体对微生物进行富集，通过较大的比表面积和适宜生物附着的表面性质，为生物反应器提供更大的生物量和生物反应场所；同时研究证明生物载体能够依靠本身结构对气、水进行再分布，从而提高对污染物的去除效果。
为了进一步强化厌氧生物工艺的处理效率、加快反应速度，本发明提出了一种三维构型的电极生物载体，并构建复合型厌氧工艺装置，通过引入微电场，在电极生物载体表面定向富集电活性功能微生物，不仅对微生物起到固定化的作用，而且能够增大生物量。通过电位调控和电活性微生物催化作用加快厌氧生物法的处理速度。尽管电极生物载体的引入能够有效克服厌氧生物工艺处理速度慢的弊端，但要将其应用于实际污水处理的厌氧工艺中，还需要解决扩大规模后阻值增大、性能下降的问题。已有研究证明，随着规模的扩大，电压损失受电极材料内阻和平均电流密度的影响更加明显；同时，还需要从流体力学方面考虑电极的构型，良好的流动模式可以提供适当的生物膜生长、强度和活性以及有效利用反应器的体积，并且利于污染物的传质过程，最终达到增强工艺效能的目的。
本发明提供了一种电活性生物载体模块，并构建复合型厌氧生物工艺装置，强化污水处理。生物载体模块构型的设计，主要基于加强溶液混合、延长基质停留时间的原则，并且通过示踪实验对复合型工艺的停留时间分布进行了分析，结合计算流体力学模拟(CFD)评估电活性生物载体模块对流体流态和工艺效能的优化贡献。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种电活性生物载体模块及用其处理污水的工艺装置，该发明具有增大生物量、改善水力流态、提高污水处理效率的作用。
本发明的一方面，提供了两种电活性生物载体模块，分别包括如下：
(1)环式碳刷电极生物载体模块
所述环式碳刷电极生物载体模块为多个(优选9个)碳刷组合而成；所用碳刷直径为1.5-3.0cm，长度为10-30cm；
将碳刷以盐酸浸泡优选盐酸浓度1mol/L浸泡24h，去除表面杂质后晾干；利用钛丝和塑料螺丝将多个处理后的碳刷间隔20-50mm串联在一根钛丝上，每个碳刷的一端即上端与钛丝固定在一起；将钛丝首尾闭合形成环状，并在中心固定1只碳刷；模块整体为碳刷轴向平行组成圆柱状结构。优选圆柱的直径8cm、高16cm；
(2)波纹不锈钢网电极生物载体模块
所述波纹不锈钢网电极生物载体模块为多片(优选8片)波纹不锈钢网平行层叠组合而成；上下相邻两层波纹不锈钢网的波纹长度方向垂直；层与层之间用钛丝固定连接；优选每片波纹不锈钢网的波峰或波谷的夹角为60°，相邻两波峰或波谷之间的距离为2cm。
本发明的另一方面，提供了一种内置电活性生物载体模块的工艺装置，该装置主体由1节圆锥和6节圆柱轴向方向串联构成，圆锥位于最底部；装置由绝缘材料加工而成，自上而下，第一节圆柱设有三相分离器和出水口，第二节圆柱内填有所述的环式碳刷电极生物载体模块作为阳极模块，第三节圆柱内填有所述的波纹不锈钢网电极生物载体模块作为阴极模块，阴极模块和阳极模块与外加电源、外电阻以及数据采集仪(为集采电流的，只是在图中没有画出)连接形成回路，运行过程中可外加电压，也可以不加电压；第五节圆柱、第六节圆柱、最低部的圆锥为厌氧污泥区，厌氧污泥区设有进水口。
碳纤维刷和不锈钢网由钛丝串联，并由钛丝作为电流收集器。
不锈钢网使用304不锈钢网24目材料制成。
阳极和阴极表面均可富集电活性生物膜；
模块可不加电压或外加小于1V的电压；
该装置为升流式设计，阳极模块和阴极模块呈上下排布置于装置中。
圆锥和圆柱的材料为非导电材料，如：有机玻璃、聚四氟乙烯；
利用电极模块进行二次布水，实际水力停留时间延长；
所构建的污水处理工艺对污水的适用范围较广，包括：城镇生活污水、高浓度有机废水、难降解类工业废水等；
为厌氧生物工艺，呈密封设计。
有益效果：
本发明相较于现有模块和工艺方法具有以下优点：
(1)本发明的电活性生物载体模块，不仅能够起到二次布水的作用，而且能够延长水力路径，改善水力流态；
(2)本发明的电活性生物载体，可在微电场的作用下，定向富集电活性生物膜；
(3)本发明的内置电活性生物载体的污水处理装置，同时厌氧生物反应和生物电化学反应，对污染的去除起到强化作用。
附图说明
图1环式碳刷电极生物载体的结构图；
(A)为本发明实施例的单个碳刷的结构示意图；(B)为本发明实施例的环式碳刷电极生物载体的整体结构示意图；
图2为波纹不锈钢网电极生物载体模块示意图；
(A)为本发明实施例的不锈钢网电极的裁剪示意图；(B)为本发明实施例的波纹不锈钢网片示意图；(C)为本发明实施例的波纹不锈钢网片层叠组成的波纹不锈钢网电极生物载体模块整体示意图；
图3为本发明实施例的内置电活性生物载体模块的工艺结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例的实际停留时间比较图。
具体实施方式
结合具体实施例，并参照附图，对本发明作进一步的详细说明：
实施例1：
在本发明实施例中，构建装置所用圆柱内径为12cm，壁厚1cm，高20cm；装置整体高度为135cm；
环式碳刷电极生物载体模块整体为直径8cm、高16cm的柱状。
波纹不锈钢网电极生物载体模块：单层不锈钢网片呈波纹状，长10cm，宽10cm，波纹间距2cm，见图2中(A)；整体模块长10cm，宽10cm，高14cm。
将直径2.5cm、长16cm的碳纤维刷在1mol/L的盐酸中浸泡24h，然后取出碳纤维刷用去离子水冲洗3次后晾干。用钛丝和塑料螺丝将8只处理后的碳纤维刷，以3cm为间隔串联起来，然后首尾闭合形成直径为8cm的环，并在中心同样固定1只碳纤维刷，组成环式碳刷电极模块；将孔径规格为24目、丝径为0.21mm的304不锈钢网裁剪为图2中(A)所示的不锈钢网片8片，将裁剪好的不锈钢网片折叠为波纹状，角度为60°，单个褶皱高为2cm，用钛丝将8层弯折后的不锈钢网水平层叠串联连接，即为褶皱不锈钢网电极模块。将所制环式碳刷电极模块置于厌氧生物反应器由上至下第二个圆柱中心，所制褶皱不锈钢网电极模块置于厌氧生物反应器由上至下第三个圆柱中心，两个电极模块之间通过导线与外加电源、外电阻以及数据采集仪连接，形成回路(将 8cm钛丝通过预留孔延伸至装置外，作为电流集流器)，本实施例没有外加电压。反应器构建后，在不同的HRT(12h、8h、6h和4h)条件下分别进行示踪实验，绘制示踪剂随时时间的变化曲线及停留时间分布曲线。同时，通过模拟软件ANSYS.2020.R2中的Fluent模块对反应器进行流态模拟。
比较例：
为突出电活性生物载体模块引入对流体流态的优化效果，与未引入电活性生物载体模块的厌氧生物反应器进行比较(即第二节和第三节圆柱中没有添加上述所述的电活性生物载体模块，比较例与实施例1以相同的条件运行，在不同水力停留时间(HRT＝12h、8h、6h和4h)条件下分别进行水力停留时间分布实验，得到实际HRT与理论HRT的差异。
基于流量的无量纲时间θ代替实际时间t对RTD(水力停留时间分布)曲线进行归一化处理，建立θ与归一化液龄E(θ)的RTD关系曲线，消除非稳态条件下流量变化对RTD横轴或纵轴的拉伸或压缩效应，使不同水力负荷的RTDs曲线存在可比性。实验结果表明，在理论HRT＝6h、4h、2h条件下，得到的RTD曲线均为单峰曲线，且不对称，近似呈正偏态长尾钟形的分布特征；归一化处理后的曲线峰值随HRT的减小而升高。
图4为本发明实施例中反应器的停留时间分布曲线图，实施例1所得到的停留时间分布曲线与比较例得到的停留时间分布曲线相比，峰值更低：比较例峰值为1.742，而实施例1峰值分别为1.427，说明示踪剂在比较例中会快速、集中流出，在实施例1中是缓慢、均匀流出。实施例1所得到的实际停留时间/理论停留于时间均大于比较例：在理论HRT为2h时，实施例1和比较例的实际停留时间/理论停留时间值分别为1.675和1.552；在理论HRT为4h时，实施例1和比较例的实际停留时间/理论停留时间值分别为2.073和1.668；在理论HRT为6h时，实施例1和比较例的实际停留时间/理论停留时间值分别为1.896和1.683，这表明电极载体的引入，延长了污染物停留时间，有效的减少了短流和滞留等不良水力现象，使污染物与污泥及电极表面更好的接触，进而提高了污染物的去除效率。
在RTD实验的基础上，通过计算流体力学模拟(CFD)，可视化表征装置的流态特征，利用ANSYS软件的Fluent模块、Geometry模块和Mesh模块，选用RNG k-ε模型对置入不同电极生物载体的装置进行计算模拟，反应器中轴面的压力分布云图结果表明，对照组内部最大压力P max-3＝0.004Pa，变化较为缓慢，引入电极载体后，实施组1装置内部压力自进水区至电极载体区明显升高，且压力在垂直方向随高度变化较快增大1.5～3倍，这表明，电极载体的引入，可改变装置内部气液分压，减小传质边界层 厚度，促进污染物在液相内的传质，“环式碳刷电极生物载体”的密度更大，对压力的影响更加明显。
通过流速分布云图和迹线图对电极载体区的流态进一步表征，电极模块局部流速模拟结果显示，对照组中，装置中心流速最大，从中轴线到壁面流速垂直减慢，为典型的管流特征；电极载体区流速变化恰好相反，电极与壁面的缝隙处流速稍大，但装置中心区域流速减缓，“环式碳刷电极生物载体”区域的流速减慢75％，“波纹不锈钢网层叠电极生物载体”区域的流速减慢50％，且均沿装置横截面均匀分布，这也证明电极载体的引入起到二次布水的作用，效减少了短流和死区，延长了电极区域污染物与电极表面及微生物的接触时间。
上所述的具体实施例，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 电活性生物载体模块，其特征在于，分别包括如下两种：
    (1)环式碳刷电极生物载体模块
    所述环式碳刷电极生物载体模块为多个碳刷组合而成；所用碳刷直径为1.5-3.0cm，长度为10-30cm；
    将碳刷以盐酸浸泡，去除表面杂质后晾干；利用钛丝和塑料螺丝将多个处理后的碳刷间隔20-50mm串联在一根钛丝上，每个碳刷的一端即上端与钛丝固定在一起；将钛丝首尾闭合形成环状，并在中心固定1只碳刷；模块整体为碳刷轴向平行组成圆柱状结构；
    (2)波纹不锈钢网电极生物载体模块
    所述波纹不锈钢网电极生物载体模块为多片波纹不锈钢网平行层叠组合而成；上下相邻两层波纹不锈钢网的波纹长度方向垂直；层与层之间用钛丝固定连接。
  2. 按照权利要求1所述的电活性生物载体模块，其特征在于，(1)环式碳刷电极生物载体模块，所用碳刷直径为1.5-3.0cm，长度为10-30cm；圆柱状结构的直径8cm、高16cm；
    (2)波纹不锈钢网电极生物载体模块，每片波纹不锈钢网的波峰或波谷的夹角为60°，相邻两波峰或波谷之间的距离为2cm；整体模块长10cm，宽10cm，高14cm。
  3. 采用权利要求1或2所述的电活性生物载体模块组成的内置电活性生物载体模块的污水处理的装置，其特征在于，该装置主体由1节圆锥和6节圆柱轴向方向串联构成，圆锥位于最底部；装置由绝缘材料加工而成，自上而下，第一节圆柱设有三相分离器和出水口，第二节圆柱内填有所述的环式碳刷电极生物载体模块作为阳极模块，第三节圆柱内填有所述的波纹不锈钢网电极生物载体模块作为阴极模块，阴极模块和阳极模块与外加电源、外电阻以及数据采集仪连接形成回路，第五节圆柱、第六节圆柱、最低部的圆锥为厌氧污泥区，厌氧污泥区设有进水口。
  4. 按照权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，运行过程中外加电压或不加电压。
  5. 按照权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于，外加小于1V的电压。
  6. 按照权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，碳纤维刷和不锈钢网由钛丝串联，并由钛丝作为电流收集器。
  7. 按照权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，不锈钢网使用304不锈钢网24目材料制成。
  8. 按照权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，该装置为升流式设计，阳极和阴极表面均可富集电活性生物膜；圆锥和圆柱的材料为非导电材料。
  9. 按照权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，利用电极模块进行二次布水，实际水力停留时间延长。
  10. 按照权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，为厌氧生物工艺，呈密封设计。
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