WO2022166179A1 - 电动家用汽车的高效换电系统 - Google Patents

电动家用汽车的高效换电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022166179A1
WO2022166179A1 PCT/CN2021/115220 CN2021115220W WO2022166179A1 WO 2022166179 A1 WO2022166179 A1 WO 2022166179A1 CN 2021115220 W CN2021115220 W CN 2021115220W WO 2022166179 A1 WO2022166179 A1 WO 2022166179A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
battery pack
charging
lift
screw
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PCT/CN2021/115220
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English (en)
French (fr)
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陈维加
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陈维加
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Publication of WO2022166179A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022166179A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high-efficiency power exchange system for electric household vehicles.
  • a power exchange device only serves one type of car of a single specification, and the equipment is complex and expensive, so that the car power exchange mode can only be applied in a limited area, such as taxis. Due to the huge investment in self-contained power swap stations of some auto companies, it is impossible to have a high-density layout, so it cannot be fully popularized.
  • a standardized battery replacement system must be used, including a standardized battery pack series and standard charging and replacement equipment that can charge and replace battery packs of different specifications in the series, so as to meet the needs of all electric households.
  • the car is charged and replaced, and the replacement station adopts unmanned operation, standardized construction, low investment cost, low management cost, and short construction period.
  • the problem of replacing automobile oil with electricity can be completely solved, and the electric household vehicle can be popularized and promoted.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency power exchange system for electric household vehicles, which can realize the standardization of battery packs of electric household vehicles of different specifications, and can be replaced by the same set of power exchange equipment, with high replacement efficiency and extremely low cost. It is easy to promote, so as to solve the problem that the current electric household vehicle is difficult to popularize.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention is: a high-efficiency power exchange system for an electric household vehicle, comprising an electric household vehicle with a replaceable battery pack and a power exchange station, characterized in that:
  • the battery packs are made into various sizes and specifications corresponding to the current family car models at all levels to form a standard battery pack group.
  • the top of each battery pack is provided with the same connection plug and a screw hole group consisting of the same number of screw holes.
  • the perforation group is further divided into several screw perforation unit groups arranged around the center point of the top of the battery pack, each screw perforation unit group has at least one screw perforation, and as the size of the battery pack increases, the screw perforation unit groups on it are all integral. It translates and expands outward relative to the center point of the battery pack; it should be noted that the battery packs in the standard battery pack are only different in size and specifications, and their shapes are the same and have a common center point.
  • the so-called same connection plug means that the size of the connection plug in these battery packs and the distance from the center point of the battery pack are exactly the same.
  • the chassis brackets of the electric household vehicles at all levels are fixed with connection battery racks adapted to the corresponding battery packs in the standard battery pack group, on which are provided a surrounding frame for accommodating the matching battery packs, connection sockets docking with the connection plugs on the battery packs, and
  • the battery holder screw locking hole groups corresponding to the screw hole groups on the battery packs of various specifications are used to cooperate with the screws to vertically fix the battery pack to the connecting battery holder. That is, the number and arrangement of the battery rack screw locking holes in the battery rack screw locking hole group connected to the battery rack are exactly the same as the number and arrangement of the screw holes on the battery pack of the corresponding specification.
  • the power exchange station includes a car aisle provided with a car lifting device, a charging mechanism and a power exchange trolley arranged on at least one side of the car aisle, wherein:
  • the battery-changing trolley includes a base with a walking mechanism and a battery pack support platform that is driven up and down by the trolley lifting mechanism set on the base.
  • the battery pack support platform corresponding to each screw perforation unit group is equipped with a horizontal telescopic drive mechanism driven by a vehicle-mounted telescopic drive mechanism.
  • the telescopic bracket is provided with an automatic screw loading and unloading mechanism corresponding to the screw perforation in the corresponding screw perforation unit group;
  • the charging mechanism includes a charging stand, on which cells are arranged in a row, and at least one cell is provided with a charging pile at the top, on which is provided a charging socket that is docked with a connecting plug on any battery pack in the standard battery pack, and
  • the charging pile screw locking hole group corresponding to the screw perforation group of the battery pack of various specifications is used to cooperate with the screw to fix the battery pack to the charging pile longitudinally;
  • the hoisting mechanism on the conveying stand and the lifting platform driven by the hoisting mechanism are used to carry the battery-changing trolley and transport it to the cell position where each charging pile is located; in actual implementation, there are corresponding battery packs on the charging pile
  • the number of charging pile screw locking holes in the screw perforation group on the charging pile that is, the number of charging pile screw locking holes on the charging pile is the same as the sum of the number of screw perforations on all battery packs in the standard battery pack group.
  • the car lift device is used to lift the electric family car so that the battery pack can be replaced by the battery replacement trolley.
  • the car lifting device can be selected from the currently known device.
  • the car lift device includes a front lift unit and a rear lift unit arranged on the car walkway, the front lift unit includes a front lift plate that supports the front wheel of the car and a front lift mechanism that drives the front lift plate to lift, and the rear lift unit includes a support.
  • the rear lift plate of the rear wheel of the car and the rear lift mechanism that drives the rear lift plate to rise and fall, and the front lift plate is provided with a car front wheel baffle, and the rear lift plate can be provided with a car rear wheel baffle; it also includes the corresponding front lift unit.
  • a front translational drive mechanism for driving the front and rear lifting units to move forward and backward, and/or a rear translational drive mechanism for driving the rear lifting unit to move back and forth corresponding to the rear lifting unit, is used to adjust the distance between the front and rear lifting plates so that they can adapt to different The wheelbase of a class electric family car.
  • the charging mechanism includes two charging stands, each of which is provided with a single column of cells on the opposite surfaces, and the conveying stand is arranged between the two charging stands, and is connected with the two charging stands.
  • the two charging stands on both sides are fixed or integrated; and at least one of the cells at the bottom of the charging stand is a docking compartment for the battery-changing trolley, the running mechanism of the battery-changing trolley is an electric traveling mechanism, and the interior of the docking compartment for the battery-changing trolley is There is a charging interface for the battery-changing trolley for charging the electric traveling mechanism.
  • the present invention further includes a charging box body, the charging mechanism is arranged in the charging box body, and the charging box body is provided with an inlet and outlet for the battery-changing trolley and a maintenance inlet and outlet.
  • all the screw through holes in the screw through hole group are arranged symmetrically in the center, the center of symmetry is the center point of the battery pack, and the connection plug is located on the symmetrical center of the screw through hole group.
  • the battery pack is usually made into a rectangular parallelepiped shape, so the center point of the battery pack is also the center point of the rectangle on its top surface, and the connection plug is designed at this position.
  • the walking mechanism of the battery-swapping trolley described in the present invention is a universal traveling mobile platform with an AI artificial intelligence path-finding function.
  • the trolley lifting mechanism described in the present invention is an electric lifting mechanism, such as a common worm gear and worm elevator driven by a servo motor, or a pneumatic or hydraulic lifting mechanism;
  • the vehicle telescopic drive mechanism is an electric telescopic mechanism, such as a common servo motor. cylinder, or a pneumatic or hydraulic telescopic mechanism.
  • the trolley lifting mechanism and the on-board telescopic drive mechanism can be directly electrically connected to the AI module on the running mechanism of the battery-swapping trolley, which controls the action.
  • the front lifting mechanism and the rear lifting mechanism in the automobile lifting device of the present invention are both electric lifting mechanisms, such as servo cylinders, or pneumatic or hydraulic lifting mechanisms, and the front translational drive mechanism and the rear translational drive mechanism are also both. It is an electric telescopic mechanism, such as a servo cylinder, or a pneumatic or hydraulic telescopic mechanism.
  • the front and rear lift mechanisms, as well as the front and rear translation drive mechanisms are connected and controlled by PLC.
  • the front lifting plate is connected to the front wheel baffle of the automobile through a front wheel baffle turning motor, so as to drive the front wheel baffle of the automobile to be upright or overturned relative to the front lifting plate.
  • the rear lift plate is connected with the rear wheel baffle of the automobile through the rear wheel baffle turning motor, so as to drive the rear wheel baffle of the automobile to stand upright or overturn relative to the rear lift plate.
  • the front lift mechanism in the present invention is two front lift servo cylinders symmetrically arranged in the width direction of the car walkway, the two front lift servo cylinders are both fixed on the front seat, and the two front lift servo cylinders are The movable ends are connected with the front lifting plate through the front connecting frame; and the rear lifting mechanism is two rear lifting servo cylinders symmetrically arranged in the width direction of the car aisle.
  • the two rear lifting servo cylinders are fixed on the rear seat, and the two The movable ends of the rear lift servo cylinders are all connected with the rear lift plate through the rear connecting frame;
  • the front translation drive mechanism is two front translation servo cylinders corresponding to the two front lift servo cylinders respectively.
  • the movable ends are fixed or integrated with the corresponding front seat; the rear translation drive mechanism is two rear translation servo cylinders respectively corresponding to the two rear lift servo cylinders, and the movable end of each rear translation servo cylinder is connected to the corresponding rear translation servo cylinder.
  • a lifting guide mechanism is installed between the lifting platform and the conveying stand.
  • a plurality of guide rollers are arranged around the lift table, and the conveying stand is provided with a guide rod for the guide rollers to roll, or a guide sleeve can be fixed around the lift table, and the same is arranged on the conveying stand.
  • the purpose of the guide rod matched with the guide sleeve is to further ensure the stable lifting of the lifting platform.
  • the battery packs in the standard battery packs of the present invention are provided with a plurality of guide positioning posts of the same number and arrangement, and the battery frame guide and positioning holes matched with the guide and positioning posts are provided on the connecting battery frame.
  • the charging pile is provided with a charging pile guide positioning hole matched with the guide positioning column.
  • the screw perforation group on the top of the battery pack is divided into four screw perforation unit groups on the top, bottom, left and right arranged around the center point of the top of the battery pack.
  • the center point is the center to build an xy rectangular coordinate system, in which the screw perforations in the upper and lower screw perforation unit groups are symmetrically distributed about the y-axis, while the screw perforations in the left and right screw perforation unit groups are symmetrical about the x-axis.
  • the upper and lower two screw perforation unit groups are translated and expanded outward relative to the center point along the y-axis as a whole, while the left and right two screw perforation unit groups are as a whole. Translate the expansion outward relative to the center point along the x-axis.
  • the automatic screw loading and unloading mechanism on the battery pack holder of the battery-changing trolley is a known technology, that is, a screwdriver driven to rotate by a servo motor, which has been used in the existing automobile battery-changing equipment. will not be described in detail.
  • the battery pack is planned to be made into the following five sizes in the present invention:
  • the above-mentioned five kinds of battery packs constitute a standard battery pack group, and each battery pack can be applied to any domestic electric household car manufactured according to the vehicle-level standard.
  • the specifications of the connected battery racks and the corresponding battery packs are matched.
  • the battery packs For electric household vehicles of different vehicle classes, the battery packs have different sizes and specifications, and the dimensions of the connected battery racks are also different.
  • the power exchange process is completed by two battery-changing trolleys.
  • the battery pack is removed, and the other is used to pack the charged corresponding battery into the electric home car.
  • the two battery-changing trolleys are parked in the corresponding battery-changing trolley docking compartment at the bottom of the charging stand for charging through the battery-changing trolley charging interface.
  • the swap station first obtains the model class and the corresponding wheel base information of the electric household car to be swapped through the existing identification equipment, and transmits the information to the PLC of the car lifting device, and then the PLC moves forward according to the wheel base requirements.
  • the drive mechanism and/or the rear translation drive mechanism are adjusted so that the distance between the front and rear lift plates can be adapted to the wheel bases of electric household vehicles of different grades.
  • the electric family car drives into the car aisle, its front wheel is blocked by the car front wheel baffle on the front lift plate, and the rear wheel of the car reaches the rear lift plate. Then, driven by the front lifting mechanism and the rear lifting mechanism, the electric household car is lifted to a certain height by the front lifting plate and the rear lifting plate as a whole, so that the battery swap car for removing the battery pack can drive in.
  • the battery-changing trolley used for charging electricity on the other side removes the corresponding battery pack from the corresponding cell of the charging stand, and transports it to the electric household car for waiting.
  • each telescopic bracket on the upper is adjusted in translation to adapt to the position of the screw perforation unit group on the battery pack of the corresponding specification. So that the screw automatic loading and unloading mechanism on the telescopic bracket can finally be in one-to-one correspondence with the screw holes on the battery pack.
  • the screws are removed under the action of the automatic screw loading and unloading mechanism, and the battery pack at the bottom of the car falls on the battery pack holder of the battery-changing trolley under the action of gravity.
  • the battery pack has been removed from the connecting battery frame, it is still located in the frame connecting the battery frame, so it is still necessary to drive the front and rear lifting units to lift the electric household vehicle up to a certain height so that the battery pack can escape from the frame. Later, it can be moved out horizontally.
  • the battery swap cart carrying the battery pack then leaves the bottom of the car and carries the battery pack to the empty cell of the charging stand for charging.
  • the battery-changing trolley that was waiting on the side for charging then drove into the bottom of the car to complete the installation of the battery pack. Once the battery pack is installed, the car can be driven away from the swap station.
  • the power exchange system provided by the present invention is a standardized system with charging and exchanging functions, which includes a unified electric household vehicle power exchange equipment and battery pack specification design, as well as an efficient and fast power exchange trolley and charging mechanism. , which can meet the unified charging and replacement of battery packs of different specifications of all electric household vehicles, and the replacement station can be fully operated by unmanned.
  • the construction cost of this standardized power exchange station is extremely low. In this way, as long as a standardized power exchange station is built in the whole country, the problem of converting oil to electricity in household cars can be solved, and the electric household vehicles can be popularized and promoted.
  • the charging mechanism of the power exchange station in the present invention can be placed in the charging box, with compact structure and small footprint. After assembly, it can be directly transported to the required occasion for layout, and put into use immediately, covering a large number of original inconvenient construction and replacement. The location of the power station greatly satisfies the current charging and replacement needs of electric household vehicles.
  • the car lift device in the present invention is specially designed and has a simple structure, which can complete the lift of the electric household car without performing calibration and positioning of the electric family car through a complex mechanism, thereby improving the efficiency and speed of power exchange.
  • the standard battery pack is designed in the present invention, and the screw perforation groups on the battery packs with different specifications are also correspondingly expanded or retracted, not exactly the same, so as to ensure that the screw perforations are always placed on the periphery of the battery pack part, to avoid interfering with the cell part in the central area of the battery pack, so that the battery pack can be more complete and the positioning and positioning are more reliable.
  • the battery swap cart in the present invention is specially designed, and the screw automatic loading and unloading mechanism on it is placed on the telescopic bracket, which can be adjusted in translation, so as to be able to adapt to the screw holes of the battery packs of various specifications in the standard battery pack group.
  • a single battery swap car can realize the installation of all specifications of battery packs in the standard battery pack group, without the need for alignment and calibration of electric household vehicles, simplifying the mechanism of the entire battery swapping system and saving costs.
  • the whole system of the present invention can completely realize the automatic power exchange of the full-size electric household vehicle, and the battery pack can be replaced in a few minutes under normal circumstances, thereby solving the problem of battery life.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a specific embodiment of the present invention (one-sided charging mechanism layout);
  • Figure 2 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a single battery pack (corresponding to a D-class vehicle) in a standard battery pack;
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the battery pack of Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the specification comparison of battery packs in standard battery packs
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the bottom of an electric household vehicle (D-class vehicle) suitable for the battery pack of FIG. 2 connected to a battery rack;
  • D-class vehicle electric household vehicle
  • Fig. 6 is the bottom view of Fig. 5;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of battery racks connected to various specifications
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a separate three-dimensional structure of a battery-changing trolley
  • Figure 9 is a front view of the battery-swapping trolley
  • Fig. 10 is the working state schematic diagram of Fig. 9;
  • Figure 11 is a top view of the battery swap trolley
  • Fig. 12 is the working state schematic diagram of Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 13 is the front view of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 14 is the top view of Fig. 1;
  • 15 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a charging pile
  • Figure 16 is a bottom view of Figure 15;
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a separate three-dimensional structure of an automobile lifting device
  • FIG. 19 is a plan view of FIG. 18 .
  • Embodiment 1 An embodiment of the high-efficiency battery swapping system for an electric household vehicle provided by the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 19 as follows:
  • the present invention as a whole is composed of an electric household vehicle 2 with a replaceable battery pack 1, a connection battery rack 3 arranged on the chassis bracket of the electric household vehicle 2, a battery pack 1 matched with the connection battery rack 3 and a power exchange station;
  • the power station is further composed of a car aisle 4 provided with a car lift device, a charging mechanism arranged on one side of the car aisle 4 , a charging box located on the periphery of the charging mechanism, and a battery swap trolley 5 .
  • the electric household vehicle involved in the present invention has not improved its power drive part, and the only improvement is the connecting battery rack 3 at the bottom and the matching battery pack 1 .
  • the battery pack 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • the battery pack 1 is made into a total of five sizes corresponding to the current A0-D class family car models to form a standard battery pack group.
  • Each battery pack 1 The tops are all provided with the same connection plug 1a and a screw hole group consisting of the same number of screw holes 1b.
  • the shapes of the battery packs 1 are all conventional rectangular parallelepiped shapes, but the specifications and sizes are different.
  • the screw perforation group in this embodiment consists of eight centrally symmetrical arrangements
  • the center of symmetry is the center point of the top of the battery pack 1
  • the connecting plug 1a is located on the center of symmetry of the screw through hole group.
  • the eight screw perforations 1b are divided into four screw perforation unit groups Q arranged around the center point O at the top of the battery pack 1 , each of upper, lower, left and right.
  • Each screw perforation unit group Q is composed of two screw perforations 1b.
  • An xy rectangular coordinate system is established on the top surface of the battery pack 1 with the center point O of the battery pack 1 as the center.
  • the screw perforations 1b in the upper and lower screw perforation unit groups Q are distributed symmetrically with respect to the y-axis, while the screw perforations 1b in the left and right screw perforation unit groups Q are symmetrically distributed with respect to the x-axis.
  • the battery pack 1 in the present invention is longitudinally fixed to the connecting battery frame 3 of the chassis bracket of the electric household vehicle 2 by means of screws. Since the specifications of the battery packs 1 corresponding to the electric household vehicles 2 of all levels are different, the specifications of the connecting battery racks 3 are also correspondingly different.
  • the body connected to the battery holder 3 is riveted and fixed to the chassis bracket of the electric household vehicle 2 around the body, and is provided with a surrounding frame 3a for accommodating and matching the battery pack 1, a connection socket 3b for docking with the connection plug 1a on the battery pack 1, and
  • the battery holder screw locking hole group corresponding to the screw hole group on the battery pack 1 is used to cooperate with the screw to fix the battery pack 1 to the connecting battery holder 3 longitudinally.
  • the battery holder screw locking hole group is also composed of eight battery holder screw locking holes 3d, the arrangement of which is exactly the same as the screw hole group on the battery pack 1 of the corresponding specification.
  • the size of the connecting battery rack A01 corresponding to the smallest specification of the A0-class vehicle to the connecting battery rack D1 corresponding to the largest specification of the D-class vehicle is increasing. Since the battery packs 1 in the standard battery pack are in a corresponding relationship, the battery holder screw locking holes 3d connected to the battery holder 3 are also changed.
  • the battery packs 1 in the standard battery pack group are all provided with a plurality of guiding and positioning posts 1 c of the same number and arrangement. That is, the number and arrangement of the guide and positioning posts 1c on the battery packs 1 of each specification and their positions relative to the center point of the battery pack 1 are exactly the same.
  • the guiding and positioning posts 1c and the battery holder The matching of the guide and positioning holes 3 c can improve the reliability of the installation and positioning of the battery pack 1 on the connection battery rack 3 .
  • the battery holder guiding and positioning holes 3c on the battery holder are exactly the same.
  • the battery swap trolley 5 in the battery swap station will be described with reference to Figures 8 to 12:
  • the battery-changing trolley 5 is composed of a base 5a provided with a traveling mechanism, a battery pack holder 5c that is driven up and down by a trolley lift mechanism 5b arranged on the base 5a, and a vehicle-mounted battery pack holder 5c set on the battery pack holder 5c corresponding to each screw perforation unit group.
  • the telescopic drive mechanism 5e drives the horizontally telescopic telescopic support 5f and the automatic screw loading and unloading mechanism 5d provided on the telescopic support 5f and corresponding to the screw holes 1b in the corresponding screw hole unit groups.
  • the automatic screw loading and unloading mechanism 5d is a known technology, that is, a screwdriver driven and rotated by a servo motor is used, and is accommodated in a slot opened on the battery pack holder 5c.
  • the trolley lifting mechanism 5b in this embodiment adopts four electric lifting mechanisms, that is, a common worm gear and worm elevator driven by a servo motor, and the vehicle telescopic driving mechanism 5e is an electric telescopic mechanism, which adopts a common servo motor. cylinder.
  • the on-board telescopic drive mechanism 5e drives the corresponding telescopic bracket 5f to telescopic and translate, so that the automatic screw loading and unloading mechanism 5d on the telescopic bracket 5f can correspond to the screws at the bottom of the battery pack 1 .
  • the walking mechanism on the base 5a adopts the currently mature universal traveling mobile platform with AI artificial intelligence pathfinding function, which can realize relatively accurate fixed-point displacement.
  • the AI module inside the walking mechanism is electrically connected to the aforementioned trolley lifting mechanism 5b and the vehicle-mounted telescopic drive mechanism 5e to control their movements.
  • the charging mechanism in the present invention will be described: the charging mechanism is arranged in the charging box in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, but the charging box is transparent in the figures.
  • Two charging stands 6 are fixed inside the charging box. On the opposite surfaces of the two charging stands 6, six cells 6a are arranged from bottom to top in a longitudinal row, and except for the bottom cell 6a, the top five cells 6a are all provided with charging piles at the top. 7.
  • the position in the middle of the two charging stands 6 is provided with a conveying mechanism for the battery-changing trolley.
  • This mechanism consists of a conveying stand 8 connected with the two charging stands 6 on both sides and a hoisting mechanism 9 provided on the conveying stand 8.
  • the hoisting mechanism 9 adopts a hoist driven by a servo motor.
  • a lifting guide mechanism is installed between the lifting platform 10 and the conveying stand 8, that is, a plurality of guide rollers (not marked in the figure) are arranged around the lifting platform 10, and the conveying stand 8 is provided with a guide roller for guiding The guide rod for the roller to roll (not marked in the figure).
  • the two charging stands 6 are symmetrically located on the left and right sides of the battery-changing trolley conveying mechanism, and the cells 6a at the bottom of the two charging stands 6 are both battery-changing trolley docking compartments, each of which parks a battery-changing trolley 5 .
  • a battery-changing trolley charging interface for charging the battery-changing trolley 5 is arranged inside the battery-changing trolley parking compartment.
  • the charging pile 7 will be specifically described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16 .
  • the charging pile 7 uses four pillars to stand in the cell 6a, and is provided with a charging socket 7a that is docked with the connecting plug 1a on any battery pack 1 in the standard battery pack, and corresponds to the screw hole group of the battery pack 1 of each specification.
  • the charging pile screw locking hole group is used to match the screws to fix the battery pack 1 to the charging pile 7 longitudinally.
  • the number of charging pile screw locking hole groups is five sets, and each set is also composed of eight charging pile screw locking holes 7c, whose arrangement is exactly the same as the screw hole group on battery pack 1 of the corresponding specification, see Figure 3 and Figure 16.
  • the charging pile 7 is also provided with a charging pile guide positioning hole 7b which is matched with the guide positioning column 1c on the battery pack 1 .
  • the cooperation of the guiding and positioning posts 1c with the guiding and positioning holes 7b of the charging piles can improve the reliability of the installation and positioning of the battery pack 1 on the charging piles 7 .
  • It is specifically composed of a front lift unit, a rear lift unit, a front translation drive mechanism and a rear translation drive mechanism arranged on the vehicle walkway 4 .
  • the front lifting unit is composed of a front lifting plate 11 that supports the front wheel of the vehicle and a front lifting mechanism that drives the front lifting plate 11 to rise and fall
  • the rear lifting unit includes a rear lifting plate 12 that supports the rear wheel of the vehicle and drives the rear lifting plate 12 to lift.
  • the rear lifting mechanism is composed.
  • the front lifting plate 11 is connected to the front wheel baffle 13 through the two front wheel baffle turning motors 15 on both sides, so as to drive the automobile front wheel baffle 13 to be upright or overturned relative to the front lifting plate 11 . fall.
  • the rear lift plate 12 is connected to the rear wheel baffle 17 via the two rear wheel baffle turning motors 16 on both sides to drive the vehicle rear wheel baffle 17 to stand upright or overturn relative to the rear lift plate 12 .
  • the front lift mechanism is two front lift servo cylinders 18 symmetrically arranged in the width direction of the vehicle aisle 4.
  • the two front lift servo cylinders 18 are both fixed on the front seat 19, and the two front lift servo cylinders 18 move. Both ends are connected with the front lifting plate 11 through the front connecting frame 20 .
  • the specific structure of each front lift servo cylinder 18 in this embodiment is known in the art.
  • the top plate is used to fix the servo motor, and two parallel guide rods are fixed between the top plate and the lower front seat 19, and nuts are mounted on the two guide rods.
  • the block is matched with the screw thread at the output end of the servo motor.
  • the front translation drive mechanism is two front translation servo cylinders 24 corresponding to the two front lift servo cylinders 18 respectively.
  • the motor is fixed on one end of the guide rod, and a nut block is slid on the guide rod to cooperate with the screw thread of the output end of the servo motor as the movable end of the front translation servo cylinder 24, and in this embodiment, the nut block is actually designed with the corresponding front seat 19. of.
  • the rear lift mechanism is two rear lift servo cylinders 21 symmetrically arranged in the width direction of the car walkway 4 .
  • the two rear lift servo cylinders 21 are both fixed on the rear seat 22 , and the movable ends of the two rear lift servo cylinders 21 Both are connected with the rear lifting plate 12 through the rear connecting frame 23 .
  • the specific structure of each rear lift servo cylinder 21 in this embodiment is the same as that of the front lift servo cylinder 18, and the top plate is also used to fix the servo motor, and two parallel guide rods are fixed between the top plate and the lower rear seat 22. , the assembly nut block on the two guide rods is matched with the screw thread of the output end of the servo motor.
  • the rear translation drive mechanism is two rear translation servo cylinders 25 corresponding to the two rear lift servo cylinders 21 respectively.
  • the structure of each rear translation servo cylinder 25 is the same as that of the front translation servo cylinder 24, and also adopts a horizontal position. guide rod, and fix the servo motor on one end of the guide rod.
  • the nut block is slid on the guide rod to cooperate with the screw thread of the output end of the servo motor as the movable end of the rear translation servo cylinder 25. In this embodiment, the nut block actually corresponds to the corresponding
  • the rear seat 22 is designed in one piece.
  • the front translation drive mechanism drives the front lift unit to translate
  • the rear translation drive mechanism is used to drive the rear lift unit to translate.
  • the ultimate purpose is to adjust the distance between the front lift plate 11 and the rear lift plate 12 so that it can adapt to the wheel base of different grades of electric household vehicles.
  • the front and rear lift mechanisms, as well as the front and rear translation drive mechanisms are connected and controlled by PLC.
  • the front wheel baffle turning motor 15 and the rear wheel baffle turning motor 16 are also electrically connected to the PLC.
  • the electric home car 2 When the electric home car 2 needs to be replaced, it drives into the car aisle 4 of the swap station, and moves to the position of the car lift to stop.
  • the battery swap process is completed by the cooperation of two battery swap trolleys 5.
  • the battery pack 1 of the home car 2 is removed, and the other one is used to load the charged corresponding battery pack 1 into the electric home car 2 .
  • the two battery-changing trolleys 5 are parked in the corresponding battery-changing trolley parking compartments at the bottom of the charging stand 6 for charging through the battery-changing trolley charging interface.
  • the swap station first obtains the model class and the corresponding wheel base information of the electric household car 2 to be swapped through the existing identification equipment, and transmits the information to the PLC of the car lifting device, and then the PLC adjusts the front and rear according to the wheel base requirements.
  • the translational drive mechanism and/or the rear translational drive mechanism are adjusted so that the distance between the front and rear lift plates 11 and 12 can be adapted to the wheel bases of the electric household vehicles 2 of different grades.
  • the electric family car 2 drives into the car aisle 4 , its front wheel is blocked by the car front wheel baffle 13 on the front lift plate 11 , and the rear wheel of the car reaches the rear lift plate 12 . Then, driven by the front lift mechanism and the rear lift mechanism, the electric household vehicle 2 is lifted to a certain height by the front lift plate 11 and the rear lift plate 12 as a whole, so that the battery swap cart 5 for removing the battery pack 1 can drive in.
  • the battery-swap trolley 5 used for charging electricity on the other side removes the corresponding battery pack 1 from the corresponding cell 6a of the charging stand 6, and transports it to the electric household vehicle 2 for waiting.
  • each telescopic bracket 5f on the battery pack support platform 5c is translated and adjusted under the drive of the corresponding vehicle-mounted telescopic drive mechanism 5e to adapt to the position of the screw hole unit group on the battery pack 1 of the corresponding specification. So that the automatic screw mounting and dismounting mechanism 5d on the telescopic bracket 5f can finally be in one-to-one correspondence with the screw holes 1b on the battery pack 1 .
  • the screw is removed under the action of the automatic screw loading and unloading mechanism 5d, and the battery pack 1 at the bottom of the vehicle falls on the battery pack holder 5c of the battery-changing cart 5 under the action of gravity.
  • the battery pack 1 has been removed from the connecting battery rack 3, it is still located in the surrounding frame 3a of the connecting battery rack 3, so the front and rear lifting units still need to be driven to lift the electric household vehicle 2 up to a certain height so as to facilitate the The battery pack 1 can be moved out laterally after it is released from the enclosing frame 3a.
  • the battery swap cart 5 carrying the battery pack 1 then leaves the bottom of the vehicle, and carries the battery pack 1 to the empty cell 6a of the charging stand 6 for charging.
  • the battery swap trolley 5 waiting on the side for charging then drives into the bottom of the car to complete the installation of the battery pack 1 . After the battery pack 1 is installed, the car can drive away from the swap station.
  • Example 2 In conjunction with Figures 18 and 19, another specific embodiment of the present invention is shown. The difference between it and Example 1 is that two sets of charging mechanisms placed in the charging box are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the vehicle aisle 4, In addition, four battery-changing trolleys 5 are arranged to perform battery-changing, so that the battery pack 1 has more storage space for charging, and the replacement is quicker and more convenient.
  • the description of each mechanism component in this embodiment can refer to Embodiment 1.

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Abstract

提供了一种电动家用汽车（2）的高效换电系统，包括带可更换电池包（1）的电动家用汽车（2）和换电站，其特征在于电池包（1）对应现行各级家用汽车车型制成多个规格，这些电池包（1）上均设相同的连接插头（1a）和不同的螺钉穿孔组，汽车底盘支架上固定适配对应电池包（1）的连接电池架（3）；换电站包括设有汽车升降装置的汽车走道（4）、设于汽车走道（4）至少一侧的充电机构和卸除电池包螺钉的换电小车（5），充电机构包括将充电桩（7）设于纵列格内的充电立架（6）和将换电小车（5）送至充电桩（7）所在格的换电小车输送机构，汽车升降装置用于抬升汽车以便换电小车（5）更换电池包（1），采用电动家用汽车（2）的电池包（1）规格标准化，由同一换电站更换，换电效率高，成本极低，解决了电动家用汽车（2）无法普及的问题。

Description

电动家用汽车的高效换电系统 技术领域
本发明涉及电动家用汽车的高效换电系统。
背景技术
汽车油改电是国家减少大量石油进口的重大战略方针，及节能减排、绿色发展的重要国策。与传统汽车相比，电动汽车在行驶过程中可实现零排放，且噪音低，行驶成本远低于传统汽车。通过多年的努力，我国公交车油改电已稳步推进，而电动家用汽车也得到较快发展。
虽然国家出台了多项电动汽车扶持政策，电动汽车也有着诸多优点，但电动汽车仍然无法全面推广，其制约电动汽车全面推广的根本原因归结为五点：续航、充电、成本、安全和残值。抛开目前电池包本身的技术发展瓶颈不说，五点根本原因中的关键点就是充电问题。目前电动汽车充电模式有两种：直接充电和更换电池。直接充电的问题在于：按目前电池技术在保证电池寿命的前提下需1～2小时充满，如果采用加大充电电流来减少充电时间的方式，那么电池寿命将大大缩短。这也是电动汽车不能替代燃油车的最根本问题。而假如采用更换电池的模式则不存在长时间等待的问题，但是存在电池规格多、容量差异大、换电设备复杂、昂贵且规格不统一的诸多问题，因此无法得到普及应用。
目前电动汽车中占有量最大的就是电动家用汽车，以现有电池技术为前提，考虑到电池的重量、体积、价格等因素，现有的电动家用汽车如采用上述直接充电的模式，那合理配置的电池充满电行驶里程约在300km-400km，如果每次充电需要1～2小时，还是无法替代现有燃油车。
为了解决电动家用汽车的油改电问题，目前唯一的解决方案还是采用更换电池的模式，现有部分车企已推出多种换电车型。然而现有换电模式的汽车对位、拆卸、移动装入充电桩等一系列的动作，都由多个非常复杂的装置配合完成。特别是其中的装拆电池包的机构为一种固定的复杂机械装置，汽车驶入后必须由其通过xyz三轴方向来先对汽车进行对位和校准，整个过程需要通过上述多个独立的复杂机构协作才能完成。且一种换电设备仅服务于单一规格的一种汽车，设备复杂、价格昂贵，导致汽车换电模式只能在有限的区域内应用，如出租车等。由于部分车企自成一体的换电站投入巨大，要 高密度布局是不可能的，因此无法全面普及。
要解决汽车电动化的问题，必须使用一种标准化的换电系统，包含标准化的电池包系列以及可以给该系列中不同规格电池包充换电的标准充换电设备，以满足对所有电动家用汽车的充换电，且换电站采用无人化操作，标准化建设，投入成本低、管理成本低、建设周期短。如此全国只要建设一种标准化的无人换电站，并多数量、全路网覆盖，即可彻底解决汽车油改电的问题，真正使得电动家用汽车得以普及和推广。
发明内容
本发明目的是：提供一种电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其能够实现不同规格电动家用汽车的电池包的标准化，并能够采用同一套换电设备更换，且更换效率高，成本极低，易于推广，从而解决目前电动家用汽车普及难的问题。
本发明的技术方案是：一种电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，包括带可更换电池包的电动家用汽车和换电站，其特征在于：
电池包对应现行各级家用汽车车型被制成大小多个尺寸规格，构成标准电池包组，各电池包顶部均设置有相同的连接插头和由相同数量的螺钉穿孔构成的螺钉穿孔组，该螺钉穿孔组又被分成围绕电池包顶部中心点排布的若干螺钉穿孔单元组，各螺钉穿孔单元组内具有至少一螺钉穿孔，并且随电池包的规格增大，其上的螺钉穿孔单元组均整体相对电池包的中心点向外平移扩张；需要说明标准电池包组内的电池包只是尺寸规格差异，其形状是相同且共中心点。所谓连接插头相同是指这些电池包中连接插头的大小及相对电池包中心点的距离是一模一样的。
各级电动家用汽车的底盘支架上固定有适配标准电池包组中对应电池包的连接电池架，其上设有容纳匹配电池包的围框、同电池包上的连接插头对接的连接插座以及对应各规格的电池包上的螺钉穿孔组设置的电池架螺钉锁紧孔组，用于配合螺钉以将电池包纵向固定至连接电池架上。也即，连接电池架上的电池架螺钉锁紧孔组内的电池架螺钉锁紧孔的数量和排布形式与对应规格的电池包上的螺钉穿孔的数量和排布形式是一模一样的。
换电站包括设有汽车升降装置的汽车走道、设于汽车走道至少一侧的充电机构和换电小车，其中：
换电小车包括设有行走机构的底座和经设置在底座上的小车升降机构驱动升降的电池包托台，电池包托台上对应各螺钉穿孔单元组均设有由车载伸缩驱动机构驱动横向伸缩的伸缩支架，伸缩支架上设有同相应螺钉穿孔单元组内的螺钉穿孔一一对应的螺钉自动装卸机构；
充电机构包括充电立架，其上纵列设有单元格，且至少一单元格内顶部设有充电桩，其上设有同标准电池包组中任意电池包上的连接插头对接的充电插座以及同各规格电池包的螺钉穿孔组对应的充电桩螺钉锁紧孔组，用于配合螺钉以将电池包纵向固定至充电桩上；充电机构还包括位于充电立架旁的输送立架、设于输送立架上的起吊机构及由该起吊机构驱动升降的升降台，用于搭载换电小车并将其输送至各充电桩所在的单元格位置；实际实施时，充电桩上有对应各个电池包上的螺钉穿孔组的充电桩螺钉锁紧孔组，也即充电桩上的充电桩螺钉锁紧孔的数量与标准电池包组中所有电池包上的螺钉穿孔的数量之和是相同的。
汽车升降装置用于将电动家用汽车抬起以便换电小车更换电池包。
在本发明的设计中，汽车升降装置可以选用目前已知的装置，当然作为优选的形式，我们对其做了进一步设计如下：
所述汽车升降装置包括设于汽车走道上的前升降单元和后升降单元，前升降单元包括托载汽车前轮的前升降板和驱动前升降板升降的前升降机构，而后升降单元包括托载汽车后轮的后升降板和驱动后升降板升降的后升降机构，且前升降板上设有汽车前轮挡板，而后升降板上可以设置汽车后轮挡板；还包括对应前升降单元设置以驱动前升降单元前后活动的前平移驱动机构，和/或对应后升降单元设置以驱动后升降单元前后活动的后平移驱动机构，用于调节前、后升降板的间距，使其能适应不同级电动家用汽车的轮距。
进一步的，本发明中所述充电机构包括两个所述充电立架，它们的相向面上均设有单一纵列的单元格，所述输送立架设于两个充电立架之间，并与两侧的两个充电立架固定或连成一体；并且至少一所述充电立架底部的单元格为换电小车停靠格，换电小车的行走机构为电动行走机构，换电小车停靠格内部设有供电动行走机构充电的换电小车充电接口。
进一步的，为了便于充电机构的运输，我们进一步将其模块化设计，其将充电机构安置固定在充电箱体内，例如集装箱，方便其被快速运输到目的 地进行使用。为此，本发明还包括充电箱体，所述充电机构设于充电箱体内，该充电箱体上设置有换电小车进出口和维修出入口。
进一步的，本发明中所述螺钉穿孔组内的所有螺钉穿孔呈中心对称排布，其对称中心即电池包的中心点，而所述连接插头位于螺钉穿孔组的对称中心上。实际实施时电池包通常都被制成长方体形，故电池包的中心点也即其顶面矩形的中心点，连接插头即设计在这个位置。
进一步的，本发明中所述换电小车的行走机构为带有AI人工智能寻路功能的万向行驶移动平台。
进一步的，本发明中所述小车升降机构为电动升降机构，如常见的伺服电机带动的蜗轮蜗杆升降机，或者为气动或者液压升降机构；所述车载伸缩驱动机构为电动伸缩机构，例如常见的伺服缸，或者为气动或者液压伸缩机构。
实际实施时，小车升降机构和车载伸缩驱动机构可直接与换电小车行走机构上的AI模块电连接，由其控制动作。
进一步的，本发明中的汽车升降装置中的所述前升降机构和后升降机构均为电动升降机构，例如伺服缸，或者为气动或者液压升降机构，前平移驱动机构、后平移驱动机构也都为电动伸缩机构，例如伺服缸，或者为气动或者液压伸缩机构。前、后升降机构，以及前、后平移驱动机构均由PLC连接控制动作。
更进一步的，所述前升降板上经前轮挡板翻转电机连接所述汽车前轮挡板，用以驱动汽车前轮挡板相对前升降板直立或翻倒。
更进一步的，所述后升降板上经后轮挡板翻转电机连接有汽车后轮挡板，用以驱动汽车后轮挡板相对后升降板直立或翻倒。
具体的，本发明中所述前升降机构为在汽车走道的宽度方向上左右对称设置的两个前升降伺服缸，两个前升降伺服缸均固定在前座上，且两个前升降伺服缸的活动端均通过前连接架同前升降板连接；而后升降机构为在汽车走道的宽度方向上左右对称设置的两个后升降伺服缸，两个后升降伺服缸均固定在后座上，且两个后升降伺服缸的活动端均通过后连接架同后升降板连接；所述前平移驱动机构为分别对应两个前升降伺服缸设置的两个前平移伺服缸，每个前平移伺服缸的活动端均与对应的前座固定或一体设计；所述后 平移驱动机构为分别对应两个后升降伺服缸设置的两个后平移伺服缸，每个后平移伺服缸的活动端均与对应的后座固定或一体设计。
进一步的，本发明中所述升降台与输送立架之间安装有升降导向机构。一种具体实施方案中，在升降台四周设置多个导向滚轮，而输送立架上设有供导向滚轮滚动的导杆，或者也可以在升降台四周固定导套，而输送立架上设置同导套配合的导杆，目的都是进一步确保升降台升降平稳。
进一步的，本发明中所述标准电池包组中的电池包上均设有相同数量和排布的多个导向定位柱，而连接电池架上设有同导向定位柱配合的电池架导向定位孔，充电桩上则设有同导向定位柱配合的充电桩导向定位孔。需要说明：不同于电池包上的螺钉穿孔，各个规格电池包上的导向定位柱的数量、排布形式及其相对电池包中心点位置都是一模一样的。
进一步的，本发明中所述电池包顶部的螺钉穿孔组被分成围绕电池包顶部中心点排布的上、下、左、右各四个螺钉穿孔单元组，在电池包顶部表面以电池包的中心点为中心建xy直角坐标系，其中上、下两个螺钉穿孔单元组内的螺钉穿孔均关于y轴对称分布，而左、右两个螺钉穿孔单元组内的螺钉穿孔则关于x轴对称分布；并且标准电池包组中随电池包的规格增大，上、下两个螺钉穿孔单元组均整体沿y轴相对中心点向外平移扩张，而左、右两个螺钉穿孔单元组则整体沿x轴相对中心点向外平移扩张。
需要指出，本发明中换电小车的电池包托台上的螺钉自动装卸机构为已知技术，即由伺服电机驱动旋转的螺丝刀，其已经在已有的汽车换电设备上应用成熟，本发明中不再展开详述。
本发明整体的工作原理如下：
按现行家用汽车的车型分级，本发明中拟将电池包制成如下五种尺寸规格：
Figure PCTCN2021115220-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021115220-appb-000002
上述五种电池包构成标准电池包组，各电池包可被应用于对应车级标准制造的任意家用电动家用汽车上。而连接电池架与对应的电池包的规格是匹配的，不同车级的电动家用汽车，其电池包尺寸规格不同，连接电池架的尺寸规格也不同。
当电动家用汽车需要换电时，驶入换电站的汽车走道，并移动至汽车升降装置位置停止，换电过程由两辆换电小车配合完成，一辆用于卸电，即将电动家用汽车的电池包卸下，另一辆则用于将充好电的对应电池包装入电动家用汽车内。平时两辆换电小车均停靠在充电立架底部相应的换电小车停靠格内通过换电小车充电接口进行充电。
换电站首先通过现有的识别设备获取待换电的电动家用汽车对应的车型级别及相应的轮距信息，并将该信息传递给汽车升降装置的PLC，再由PLC根据轮距要求对前平移驱动机构，和/或后平移驱动机构实施调节，使前、后升降板的间距能适应不同级电动家用汽车的轮距。
电动家用汽车驶入汽车走道后，其前轮由前升降板上的汽车前轮挡板挡止，汽车后轮到达后升降板。随后在前升降机构和后升降机构的驱动下，电动家用汽车整体由前升降板和后升降板抬升至一定高度，以便用于拆卸电池包的换电小车驶入。
同时，另一边用于装电的换电小车从充电立架的相应单元格内取下对应的电池包，并将之运输到电动家用汽车一旁等候。
用于拆卸电池包的换电小车驶入电动家用汽车底部后，通过AI自动识别、对准电池包位置，其上的电池包托台经由小车升降机构驱动顶起至一定高度，电池包托台上的各个伸缩支架在相应车载伸缩驱动机构的驱动下平移调节以适应对应规格的电池包上的螺钉穿孔单元组的位置。使得伸缩支架上的螺钉自动装卸机构最终能与电池包上的螺钉穿孔一一对应接触。
随后在螺钉自动装卸机构的作用下螺钉被卸下，汽车底部的电池包便在重力作用下落在换电小车的电池包托台上。此时虽然电池包已经从连接电池架上卸除，但其依旧位于连接电池架的围框内，故依旧要驱动前、后升降单元将电动家用汽车向上抬升一定高度以便于电池包脱出围框后可以横向移 出。
承载电池包的换电小车随即离开汽车底部，运载电池包至充电立架的空的单元格内充电。
一旁等候的用于装电的换电小车随即驶入汽车底部，完成电池包的安装。电池包安装完毕后，汽车就能驶离换电站。
本发明的优点是：
1、本发明提供的这种换电系统是一种标准化的具有充换电功能的系统，其包含统一的电动家用汽车换电设备和电池包规格设计，以及高效快捷的换电小车及充电机构，能够满足对所有电动家用汽车的不同规格电池包的统一充换电，且换电站完全可以采用无人化操作。实际实施时这种标准化的换电站建造成本极低。如此全国只要建设一种标准化的换电站，即可解决家用汽车油改电的问题，真正使得电动家用汽车得以普及和推广。
2、本发明中的换电站的充电机构可以置于充电箱体内，结构紧凑，占地小，组装后可以直接整体运输至需要的场合进行布置，并立即投入使用，覆盖大量原先不便于建设换电站的地点，极大的满足目前电动家用汽车的充换电需求。
3、本发明中的汽车升降装置经过专门设计，结构简单，无需通过复杂机构对电动家用汽车实施校正和定位即可完成汽车的抬升，从而提高换电的高效性和快捷性。
4、本发明中设计标准电池包组，其中规格不同的电池包，其上的螺钉穿孔组也相应的扩张或内缩，而非完全相同，这样可以确保螺钉穿孔始终被安置在电池包的外围部分，避免干涉电池包中心区域的电芯部分，从而使得电池包的可以更加完整并且安置定位也更加可靠。
5、本发明中的换电小车经过专门设计，其上的螺钉自动装卸机构被安置在伸缩支架上，可以平移调节，以便能够适应标准电池包组中各个规格电池包的螺钉穿孔，这样仅由一部换电小车就能实现标准电池包组内所有规格电池包的安装，无需对电动家用汽车实施对位和校准，精简了整个换电系统的机构，也节约了成本。
6、本发明的整套系统可完全实现全规格电动家用汽车的自动换电，通常情况下几分钟就能完成电池包的更换，进而解决了续航问题。
附图说明
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
图1为本发明的一种具体实施例的整体结构示意图(单侧充电机构布局)；
图2为标准电池包组中单个电池包(对应D级车)立体结构图；
图3为图2电池包的顶部平面视图；
图4为标准电池包组中电池包的规格比较示意图；
图5为适用图2电池包的电动家用汽车(D级车)底部连接电池架的立体结构示意图；
图6为图5的仰视图；
图7为各个规格连接电池架比较示意图；
图8为换电小车单独立体结构示意图；
图9为换电小车的主视图；
图10为图9的工作状态示意图；
图11为换电小车的俯视图；
图12为图11的工作状态示意图；
图13为图1的主视图；
图14为图1的俯视图；
图15为充电桩的立体结构示意图；
图16为图15仰视图；
图17为汽车升降装置的单独立体结构示意图；
图18为另一具体实施例的立体结构示意图；
图19为图18的俯视图。
其中：1、电池包；D、对应D级车的电池包；C、对应C级车的电池包；B、对应B级车的电池包；A、对应A级车的电池包；A0、对应A0级车的电池包；1a、连接插头；1b、螺钉穿孔；1c、导向定位柱；O、中心点；Q、螺钉穿孔单元组；2、电动家用汽车；3、连接电池架；3a、围框；3b、连接插座；3c、电池架导向定位孔；3d、电池架螺钉锁紧孔；D1、对应D级车的连接电池架；C1、对应C级车的连接电池架；B1、对应B级车的连接电池架；A1、对应A级车的连接电池架；A01、对应A0级车的连接电池 架；4、汽车走道；5、换电小车；5a、底座；5b、小车升降机构；5c、电池包托台；5d、螺钉自动装卸机构；5e、车载伸缩驱动机构；5f、伸缩支架；6、充电立架；6a、单元格；7、充电桩；7a、充电插座；7b、充电桩导向定位孔；7c、充电桩螺钉锁紧孔；8、输送立架；9、起吊机构；10、升降台；11、前升降板；12、后升降板；13、汽车前轮挡板；14、维修出入口；15、前轮挡板翻转电机；16、后轮挡板翻转电机；17、汽车后轮挡板；18、前升降伺服缸；19、前座；20、前连接架；21、后升降伺服缸；22、后座；23、后连接架；24、前平移伺服缸；25、后平移伺服缸。
具体实施方式
实施例1：结合图1～图19所示对本发明提供的这种电动家用汽车的高效换电系统的一种实施方式进行说明如下：
本发明整体由带可更换电池包1的电动家用汽车2、设置于电动家用给汽车2底盘支架上的连接电池架3、与连接电池架3配套的电池包1及换电站共同组成；而换电站又由设有汽车升降装置的汽车走道4、设于汽车走道4一侧的充电机构、位于充电机构外围的充电箱体以及换电小车5共同组成。
本发明中涉及的电动家用汽车，对于其动力驱动部分未做改进，改进的仅仅是底部的连接电池架3及配套的电池包1。
先结合图2～4所示来说明电池包1，本发明中将电池包1对应现行A0-D级家用汽车车型被制成大小总共五个尺寸规格，构成标准电池包组，各电池包1顶部均设置有相同的连接插头1a和由相同数量的螺钉穿孔1b构成的螺钉穿孔组。电池包1的形状均为惯常的长方体形状，只是规格大小不同。具体如图3所示，我们以对应D级车型的对应规格的电池包1为例进行说明：由电池包1顶部平面图可见本实施例中的所述螺钉穿孔组由八个呈中心对称排布的螺钉穿孔1b构成，其对称中心即电池包1顶部的中心点，而所述连接插头1a位于螺钉穿孔组的对称中心上。八个螺钉穿孔1b被分成围绕电池包1顶部中心点O排布的上、下、左、右各四个螺钉穿孔单元组Q。每个螺钉穿孔单元组Q都由两个螺钉穿孔1b组成。在电池包1顶部表面以电池包1的中心点O为中心建xy直角坐标系，本实施例中x轴与电池包1的长边平行，而y轴则与电池包1的短边平行。其中上、下两个螺钉穿孔单元组Q内的螺钉穿孔1b均关于y轴对称分布，而左、右两个螺钉穿孔单元组Q内 的螺钉穿孔1b则关于x轴对称分布。
再结合图3和图4所示，可知标准电池包组中从对应A0级车的电池包A0到对应D级车的电池包D，其规格是越来越大的，而随电池包1的规格增大，其上的上、下两个螺钉穿孔单元组Q均整体沿y轴相对中心点O向外平移扩张，而左、右两个螺钉穿孔单元组Q则整体沿x轴相对中心点O向外平移扩张。
而再结合图5、6和7所示，本发明中的电池包1是采用螺钉纵向固定至电动家用汽车2底盘支架的连接电池架3上的。由于对应各级电动家用汽车2的电池包1的规格不同，因此连接电池架3的规格也对应不同。再结合图5～图6所示，我们例举一种适配图2-图3所示的电池包1(对应D级车)的D级车的连接电池架3进行说明。这种连接电池架3的本体四周铆接固定至电动家用汽车2的底盘支架上，其上设有容纳匹配电池包1的围框3a、同电池包1上的连接插头1a对接的连接插座3b以及同电池包1上的螺钉穿孔组对应的电池架螺钉锁紧孔组，用于配合螺钉以将电池包1纵向固定至连接电池架3上。电池架螺钉锁紧孔组也由八个电池架螺钉锁紧孔3d组成，其排布形式是与对应规格的电池包1上的螺钉穿孔组一模一样。
而如图7所示，从对应A0级车的最小规格的连接电池架A01到对应D级车的最大规格的连接电池架D1，其规格是越来越大的。由于同标准电池包组中各个电池包1是对应关系，故这些连接电池架3上的电池架螺钉锁紧孔3d也是变动的。
并且结合图2、3和5～7所示，所述标准电池包组中的电池包1上均设有相同数量和排布的多个导向定位柱1c。即各个规格电池包1上的导向定位柱1c的数量、排布形式及其相对电池包1中心点位置都是一模一样的。本实施例中在电池包1顶部四角各一个，共计四个导向定位柱1c，而连接电池架3上设有同导向定位柱1c配合的电池架导向定位孔3c，导向定位柱1c与电池架导向定位孔3c配合能够提高电池包1在连接电池架3上安装和定位的可靠性。同样的，无论连接电池架3规格如何变化，其上的电池架导向定位孔3c则是完全相同的。
结合图8～12所示对换电站中的换电小车5进行说明：
换电小车5由设有行走机构的底座5a、经设置在底座5a上的小车升降 机构5b驱动升降的电池包托台5c、在电池包托台5c上对应各螺钉穿孔单元组设置的由车载伸缩驱动机构5e驱动横向伸缩的伸缩支架5f以及设于伸缩支架5f上的同相应螺钉穿孔单元组内的螺钉穿孔1b一一对应的螺钉自动装卸机构5d共同构成。由于电池包1上的螺钉穿孔单元组Q有四个，故伸缩支架5f也为四个，而每个伸缩支架5f上的螺钉自动装卸机构5d则相应为两个。螺钉自动装卸机构5d为已知技术，也即采用伺服电机驱动旋转的螺丝刀，收容于电池包托台5c上开设的槽内。
本实施例中的所述小车升降机构5b采用的是四个电动升降机构，即常见的伺服电机带动的蜗轮蜗杆升降机，而所述车载伸缩驱动机构5e为电动伸缩机构，采用的是常见的伺服缸。换电小车5在工作时，车载伸缩驱动机构5e驱动相应伸缩支架5f伸缩平动，以便伸缩支架5f上的螺钉自动装卸机构5d能够与电池包1底部的螺钉对应。
本实施例中底座5a上的行走机构采用目前成熟的带有AI人工智能寻路功能的万向行驶移动平台，能够实现较为精确的定点位移。该行走机构内部AI模块电连接前述小车升降机构5b和车载伸缩驱动机构5e以控制它们动作。
再结合图1、13和14对本发明中的充电机构进行说明：充电机构是安置在长方体形状的充电箱体内的，但充电箱体在图中透明化。充电箱体内部固定有两个充电立架6。这两个充电立架6的相向面上均由下至上设置六个单元格6a排成一个纵列，且其中除开底部的单元格6a以外，上方五个单元格6a内顶部均设有充电桩7。两个充电立架6中间的位置设置换电小车输送机构，这种机构由与两侧的两个充电立架6连成一体的输送立架8、设于输送立架8上的起吊机构9及由该起吊机构9驱动升降的升降台10所构成，用于搭载换电小车5并将其输送至各充电桩7所在的单元格6a位置。起吊机构9采用伺服电机驱动的卷扬机。
本实施例中所述升降台10与输送立架8之间安装有升降导向机构，即在升降台10四周设置多个导向滚轮(图中省略标注)，而输送立架8上设有供导向滚轮滚动的导杆(图中省略标注)。
所述两个充电立架6对称位于所述换电小车输送机构的左右两侧，两个充电立架6底部的单元格6a均为换电小车停靠格，均停靠一换电小车5。且 换电小车停靠格内部设有供换电小车5充电的换电小车充电接口。而箱体的两侧还开有维修人员出入口14，如图1所示。为方便换电小车5进出充电箱体，充电箱体下部开有三个换电小车进出口，分别与两个充电立架6底部的换电小车停靠格以及换电小车输送机构相对应。并且作为箱式换电站，箱体内部或外部显然有为充电桩7和换电小车充电接口供电的电源(图中省略)。
具体结合图15和16对充电桩7进行说明。充电桩7采用四根支柱立于单元格6a内，其上设有同标准电池包组中任意电池包1上的连接插头1a对接的充电插座7a以及同各规格电池包1的螺钉穿孔组对应的充电桩螺钉锁紧孔组，用于配合螺钉以将电池包1纵向固定至充电桩7上。充电桩螺钉锁紧孔组的数量为五套，每套也均由八个充电桩螺钉锁紧孔7c组成，其排布形式是与对应规格电池包1上的螺钉穿孔组一模一样，参见图3和图16。并且充电桩7上也设有同电池包1上的导向定位柱1c配合的充电桩导向定位孔7b。导向定位柱1c与充电桩导向定位孔7b配合能够提高电池包1在充电桩7上安装和定位的可靠性。
结合图17所示，具体对本案中涉及的汽车升降装置进行说明如下：
其具体由设于汽车走道4上的前升降单元、后升降单元、前平移驱动机构和后平移驱动机构共同组成。
其中前升降单元由托载汽车前轮的前升降板11和驱动前升降板11升降的前升降机构构成，而后升降单元包括托载汽车后轮的后升降板12和驱动后升降板12升降的后升降机构构成。并且本实施例中前升降板11上经两侧的两个前轮挡板翻转电机15连接所述汽车前轮挡板13，用以驱动汽车前轮挡板13相对前升降板11直立或翻倒。而后升降板12上经两侧的两个后轮挡板翻转电机16连接有汽车后轮挡板17，用以驱动汽车后轮挡板17相对后升降板12直立或翻倒。
所述前升降机构为在汽车走道4的宽度方向上左右对称设置的两个前升降伺服缸18，两个前升降伺服缸18均固定在前座19上，且两个前升降伺服缸18的活动端均通过前连接架20同前升降板11连接。本实施例中每个前升降伺服缸18的具体结构为已知技术，采用顶部板固定伺服电机，顶部板与下方的前座19之间固定平行的两根导杆，两根导杆上装配螺母块同伺服电机输出端的螺杆螺纹配合。在伺服电机驱动下整个螺母块上下活动作为 整个前升降伺服缸18的活动端。所述前平移驱动机构为分别对应两个前升降伺服缸18设置的两个前平移伺服缸24，每个前平移伺服缸24的本身结构为现有技术，采用横置导杆，并将伺服电机固定在导杆一端，导杆上滑设螺母块与伺服电机输出端的螺杆螺纹配合作为前平移伺服缸24的活动端，并且本实施例中，该螺母块实际与相应的前座19是一体设计的。
而后升降机构为在汽车走道4的宽度方向上左右对称设置的两个后升降伺服缸21，两个后升降伺服缸21均固定在后座22上，且两个后升降伺服缸21的活动端均通过后连接架23同后升降板12连接。同样的，本实施例中每个后升降伺服缸21的具体结构同前升降伺服缸18相同，也是采用顶部板固定伺服电机，顶部板与下方的后座22之间固定平行的两根导杆，两根导杆上装配螺母块同伺服电机输出端的螺杆螺纹配合。在伺服电机驱动下整个螺母块上下活动作为整个后升降伺服缸的活动端。所述后平移驱动机构为分别对应两个后升降伺服缸21设置的两个后平移伺服缸25，每个后平移伺服缸25的本身结构与前平移伺服缸24是相同的，也采用横置导杆，并将伺服电机固定在导杆一端，导杆上滑设螺母块与伺服电机输出端的螺杆螺纹配合作为后平移伺服缸25的活动端，并且本实施例中，该螺母块实际与相应的后座22是一体设计的。
前平移驱动机构驱动前升降单元平移，而后平移驱动机构用于驱动后升降单元平移，最终目的是调节前升降板11和后升降板12的间距，使其能适应不同级电动家用汽车的轮距。前、后升降机构，以及前、后平移驱动机构均由PLC连接控制动作。同样，前轮挡板翻转电机15和后轮挡板翻转电机16也均与PLC电连接。
当电动家用汽车2需要换电时，驶入换电站的汽车走道4，并移动至汽车升降装置位置停止，换电过程由两辆换电小车5配合完成，一辆用于卸电，即将电动家用汽车2的电池包1卸下，另一辆则用于将充好电的对应电池包1装入电动家用汽车2内。平时两辆换电小车5均停靠在充电立架6底部相应的换电小车停靠格内通过换电小车充电接口进行充电。
换电站首先通过现有的识别设备获取待换电的电动家用汽车2对应的车型级别及相应的轮距信息，并将该信息传递给汽车升降装置的PLC，再由PLC根据轮距要求对前平移驱动机构，和/或后平移驱动机构实施调节，使 前、后升降板11、12的间距能适应不同级电动家用汽车2的轮距。
电动家用汽车2驶入汽车走道4后，其前轮由前升降板11上的汽车前轮挡板13挡止，汽车后轮到达后升降板12。随后在前升降机构和后升降机构的驱动下，电动家用汽车2整体由前升降板11和后升降板12抬升至一定高度，以便用于拆卸电池包1的换电小车5驶入。
同时，另一边用于装电的换电小车5从充电立架6的相应单元格6a内取下对应的电池包1，并将之运输到电动家用汽车2一旁等候。
用于拆卸电池包1的换电小车5驶入电动家用汽车2底部后，通过AI自动识别、对准电池包1位置，随后其上的电池包托台5c经由小车升降机构驱动顶起至一定高度，电池包托台5c上的各个伸缩支架5f在相应车载伸缩驱动机构5e的驱动下平移调节以适应对应规格的电池包1上的螺钉穿孔单元组的位置。使得伸缩支架5f上的螺钉自动装卸机构5d最终能与电池包1上的螺钉穿孔1b一一对应接触。
随后在螺钉自动装卸机构5d的作用下螺钉被卸下，汽车底部的电池包1便在重力作用下落在换电小车5的电池包托台5c上。此时虽然电池包1已经从连接电池架3上卸除，但其依旧位于连接电池架3的围框3a内，故依旧要驱动前、后升降单元将电动家用汽车2向上抬升一定高度以便于电池包1脱出围框3a后可以横向移出。
承载电池包1的换电小车5随即离开汽车底部，运载电池包1至充电立架6的空的单元格6a内充电。
一旁等候的用于装电的换电小车5随即驶入汽车底部，完成电池包1的安装。电池包1安装完毕后，汽车就能驶离换电站。
实施例2：结合图18和19所示为本发明另一具体实施方式，其与实施例1的区别在于其在汽车走道4的左右两侧对称设置两套置于充电箱体内的充电机构，并安置四辆换电小车5实施换电，这样使得电池包1的充电存放空间更加充裕，更换也更加快捷方便。本实施例的各个机构部件的描述均可参见实施例1。
当然上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明主要技术方案的精神实质所做的修饰，都应涵盖在 本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，包括带可更换电池包(1)的电动家用汽车(2)和换电站，其特征在于：
    电池包(1)对应现行各级家用汽车车型被制成大小多个尺寸规格，构成标准电池包组，各电池包(1)顶部均设置有相同的连接插头(1a)和由相同数量的螺钉穿孔(1b)构成的螺钉穿孔组，该螺钉穿孔组又被分成围绕电池包(1)顶部中心点(O)排布的若干螺钉穿孔单元组(Q)，各螺钉穿孔单元组(Q)内具有至少一螺钉穿孔(1b)，并且随电池包(1)的规格增大，其上的螺钉穿孔单元组(Q)均整体相对电池包(1)的中心点(O)向外平移扩张；
    各级电动家用汽车(2)的底盘支架上固定有适配标准电池包组中对应电池包(1)的连接电池架(3)，其上设有容纳匹配电池包(1)的围框(3a)、同电池包(1)上的连接插头(1a)对接的连接插座(3b)以及对应各规格的电池包(1)上的螺钉穿孔组设置的电池架螺钉锁紧孔组，用于配合螺钉以将电池包(1)纵向固定至连接电池架(3)上；
    换电站包括设有汽车升降装置的汽车走道(4)、设于汽车走道(4)至少一侧的充电机构和换电小车(5)，其中：
    换电小车(5)包括设有行走机构的底座(5a)和经设置在底座(5a)上的小车升降机构(5b)驱动升降的电池包托台(5c)，电池包托台(5c)上对应各螺钉穿孔单元组均设有由车载伸缩驱动机构(5e)驱动横向伸缩的伸缩支架(5f)，伸缩支架(5f)上设有同相应螺钉穿孔单元组内的螺钉穿孔(1b)一一对应的螺钉自动装卸机构(5d)；
    充电机构包括充电立架(6)，其上纵列设有单元格(6a)，且至少一单元格(6a)内顶部设有充电桩(7)，其上设有同标准电池包组中任意电池包(1)上的连接插头(1a)对接的充电插座(7a)以及同各规格电池包(1)的螺钉穿孔组对应的充电桩螺钉锁紧孔组，用于配合螺钉以将电池包(1)纵向固定至充电桩(7)上；充电机构还包括换电小车输送机构，其包括位于充电立架(6)旁的输送立架(8)、设于输送立架(8)上的起吊机构(9)及由该起吊机构(9)驱动升降的升降台(10)，用于搭载换电小车(5)并将其输送至各充电桩(7)所在的单元格(6a)位置；
    汽车升降装置用于将电动家用汽车(2)抬起以便换电小车(5)更换 电池包(1)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其特征在于所述汽车升降装置包括设于汽车走道(4)上的前升降单元和后升降单元，前升降单元包括托载汽车前轮的前升降板(11)和驱动前升降板(11)升降的前升降机构，而后升降单元包括托载汽车后轮的后升降板(12)和驱动后升降板(12)升降的后升降机构，且前升降板(11)上设有汽车前轮挡板(13)；还包括对应前升降单元设置以驱动前升降单元前后活动的前平移驱动机构，和/或对应后升降单元设置以驱动后升降单元前后活动的后平移驱动机构，用于调节前升降板(11)和后升降板(12)的间距，使其能适应不同级电动家用汽车的轮距。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其特征在于所述充电机构包括两个所述充电立架(6)，它们的相向面上均设有单一纵列的单元格(6a)，所述输送立架(8)设于两个充电立架(6)之间，并与两侧的两个充电立架(6)固定或连成一体；并且至少一所述充电立架(6)底部的单元格(6a)为换电小车停靠格，换电小车(5)的行走机构为电动行走机构，换电小车停靠格内部设有供电动行走机构充电的换电小车充电接口。
  4. 根据权利要求1或3所述的电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其特征在于还包括充电箱体，所述充电机构设于充电箱体内，该充电箱体上设置有换电小车进出口和维修出入口(14)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其特征在于所述螺钉穿孔组内的所有螺钉穿孔(1b)呈中心对称排布，其对称中心即电池包(1)的中心点(O)，而所述连接插头(1a)位于螺钉穿孔组的对称中心上。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其特征在于所述换电小车(5)的行走机构为带有AI人工智能寻路功能的万向行驶移动平台。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其特征在于所述小车升降机构(5b)为电动升降机构，或者为气动或者液压升降机构；所述车载伸缩驱动机构(5e)为电动伸缩机构，或者为气动或者液压伸缩 机构。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其特征在于所述前升降机构和后升降机构均为电动升降机构，或者为气动或者液压升降机构；前平移驱动机构、后平移驱动机构也都为电动伸缩机构，或者为气动或者液压伸缩机构。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其特征在于前升降板(11)上经前轮挡板翻转电机(15)连接所述汽车前轮挡板(13)，用以驱动汽车前轮挡板(13)相对前升降板(11)直立或翻倒。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其特征在于后升降板(12)上经后轮挡板翻转电机(16)连接有汽车后轮挡板(17)，用以驱动汽车后轮挡板(17)相对后升降板(12)直立或翻倒。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其特征在于所述前升降机构为在汽车走道(4)的宽度方向上左右对称设置的两个前升降伺服缸(18)，两个前升降伺服缸(18)均固定在前座(19)上，且两个前升降伺服缸(18)的活动端均通过前连接架(20)同前升降板(11)连接；而后升降机构为在汽车走道(4)的宽度方向上左右对称设置的两个后升降伺服缸(21)，两个后升降伺服缸(21)均固定在后座(22)上，且两个后升降伺服缸(21)的活动端均通过后连接架(23)同后升降板(12)连接；所述前平移驱动机构为分别对应两个前升降伺服缸(18)设置的两个前平移伺服缸(24)，每个前平移伺服缸(24)的活动端均与对应的前座(19)固定或一体设计；所述后平移驱动机构为分别对应两个后升降伺服缸(21)设置的两个后平移伺服缸(25)，每个后平移伺服缸(25)的活动端均与对应的后座(22)固定或一体设计。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其特征在于所述升降台(10)与输送立架(8)之间安装有升降导向机构。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其特征在于所述标准电池包组中的电池包(1)上均设有相同数量和排布的多个导向定位柱(1c)，而连接电池架(3)上设有同导向定位柱(1c)配合的电池架导向定位孔(3c)，充电桩(7)上则设有同导向定位柱(1c)配合的充电桩导向定位孔(7b)。
  14. 根据权利要求1或5所述的电动家用汽车的高效换电系统，其特征在于所述电池包(1)顶部的螺钉穿孔组被分成围绕电池包(1)顶部中心点(O)排布的上、下、左、右各四个螺钉穿孔单元组(Q)，在电池包(1)顶部表面以电池包(1)的中心点(O)为中心建xy直角坐标系，其中上、下两个螺钉穿孔单元组(Q)内的螺钉穿孔(1b)均关于y轴对称分布，而左、右两个螺钉穿孔单元组(Q)内的螺钉穿孔(1b)则关于x轴对称分布；并且标准电池包组中随电池包(1)的规格增大，上、下两个螺钉穿孔单元组(Q)均整体沿y轴相对中心点(O)向外平移扩张，而左、右两个螺钉穿孔单元组(Q)则整体沿x轴相对中心点(O)向外平移扩张。
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